1 class Animal:

2 def noise(self):
3 pass
4 class Dog(Animal):
5 def noise(self):
6 print('bark')
7
8 class Cat(Animal):
9 def noise(self):
10 print('meouw')
11 obj=Dog()
12 obj.noise()
13 obj1=Cat()
14 obj1.noise()
15
16

bark
meouw

1 class shape:
2 def area(self):
3 pass
4 class Rectangle(shape):
5 def __init__(self,width,height):
6 self.width=width
7 self.height=height
8 def area(self):
9 return self.width*self.height
10 class Circle(shape):
11 def __init__(self,radius):
12 self.radius=radius
13 def area(self):
14 return 3.14159 * self.radius * self.radius
15
16 rectangle = Rectangle(4, 5)
17 print("Rectangle Area:", rectangle.area()) # Output: Rectangle Area: 20
18
19 circle = Circle(3)
20 print("Circle Area:", circle.area()) # Output: Circle Area: 28.27431

Rectangle Area: 20
Circle Area: 28.274309999999996

1 class person:
2 def __init__(self,name,age):
3 self.name=name
4 self.age=age
5 def check_name(self):
6 print(f'Your name and age is {self.name} {self.age}')
7 class student(person):
8 def check_name(self):
9 print(f'The name of student is {self.name} and age is{self.age}')
10 class teacher(student):
11 def check_name(self):
12 print(f'The name of teacher is {self.name} and age is {self.age}')
13 obj1=teacher('hannah',29)
14 obj1.check_name()

The name of teacher is hannah and age is 29

1 #multilevelinheritance
2 class person:
3 def __init__(self,name,age):
4 self.name=name
5 self.age=age
6 def check_name(self):
7 return f"{self.name}, {self.age} years old"
8 class student(person):
9 def __init__(self,name,age,grade):
10 super().__init__(name,age)
11 self.grade=grade
12 def check_name(self):
13 return f'{super().check_name()} grade {self.grade}'
14 class teacher(student):
15 def __init__(self,name,age,grade,subject):
16 super().__init__(name,age,grade)
17 self.subject=subject
18 def check_name(self):
19 return f'{super().check_name()}, teaches {self.subject}'
20 obj = teacher("Alice", 30, 12, "Math")
21 obj.check_name()
22

'Alice, 30 years old grade 12, teaches Math'

1 #polymorphism
2 class Shape:
3 def draw(self):
4 pass
5
6 class Circle(Shape):
7 def draw(self):
8 print("Drawing a circle")
9
10 class Square(Shape):
11 def draw(self):
12 print("Drawing a square")
13
14 # Usage
15 shapes = [Circle(), Square()]
16
17 for shape in shapes:
18 shape.draw()
19

Drawing a circle
Drawing a square

1 #abstract class method

2 import abc
3 class shape:
4 @abc.abstractmethod
5 def area(self):
6 pass
7 class Rectangle(shape):
8 def __init__(self,width,height):
9 self.width=width
10 self.height=height
11 def area(self):
12 return self.width*self.height
13 class Circle(shape):
14 def __init__(self,radius):
15 self.radius=radius
16 def area(self):
17 return 3.14159 * self.radius * self.radius
18 circle = Circle(5) # Create a circle object with radius 5
19 print(f"The area of the circle is {circle.area()}") # Print the area of the circle

The area of the circle is 78.53975

1 class demo1:
2 def d1(self):
3 print("Base Class")
4
5 class demo2(demo1):
6 def d1(self):
7 print("Derived Class")
8 super().d1()
9
10 d = demo2()
11 d.d1()
12

Derived Class
Base Class

1 class Father:
2 def showf(self):
 3 print("Father Class")
4
5 class Mother:
6 def showm(self):
7 return 'mother class'
8
9
10 class Child(Father, Mother):
11 def __init__(self):
12 super().__init__()
13
14 def show(self):
15 print(f" hi {super().showm()} Child Class") # use f-string to format the output")
16
17
18
19 c = Child()
20 c.show()
21

hi mother class Child Class

1 class person:
2 def __init__(self, name, age):
3 self.name = name
4 self.age = age
5
6 def check_name(self):
7 return f"{self.name}, {self.age} years old"
8
9 class student(person):
10 def __init__(self, name, age, grade):
11 super().__init__(name, age)
12 self.grade = grade
13
14 def check_name(self):
15 return f'{super().check_name()}, grade {self.grade}'
16
17 class teacher(student):
18 def __init__(self, name, age, grade, subject):
19 super().__init__(name, age, grade)
20 self.subject = subject
21
22 def check_name(self):
23 return f'{super().check_name()}, teaches {self.subject}'
24
25 obj = teacher("Alice", 30, 12, "Math")
26 print(obj.check_name())
27

Alice, 30 years old, grade 12, teaches Math

1 class vehicle:
2 def __init__(self,seating_capacity):
3 self.__seating_capacity=seating_capacity
4 def seats(self,seating_capacity):
5 return f'the seating capacity is {self.__seating_capacity}'
6 def fare(self):
7 return 100*self.__seating_capacity
8 class bus(vehicle):
9 def __init__(self,name,seating_capacity):
10 self.__name=name
11 super().__init__(seating_capacity)
12
13 def __show_name(self):
14 return self.__name
15
16 def total_fare(self):
17 base_fare=super().fare()
18 final_fare=base_fare+0.1*base_fare
19 return f'The seats are {super().seats(25)} and the total fare is {final_fare} and bus name {self.__show_name()}'
20
21 obj=bus('bread',25)
22 obj.total_fare()
23 obj._bus__show_name()
24
25

'bread'

1 class Demo:
2 __p=0
3 def show(self):
4 self.__p=self.__p+1
5 return self.__p
6 d=Demo()
7 d.show()

1 #multiple inheritance
2 # Parent class 1
3 class Animal:
4 def __init__(self, name):
5 self.name = name
6
7 def speak(self):
8 pass
9
10 # Parent class 2
11 class Flyable:
12 def __init__(self, name):
13 self.name = name
14 def fly(self):
15 pass
16
17 # Child class inheriting from both Animal and Flyable
18 class Bird(Animal, Flyable):
19 def speak(self):
20 return f"{self.name} chirps."
21
22 # Child class inheriting only from Animal
23 class Dog(Animal):
24 def speak(self):
25 return f"{self.name} barks."
26
27 # Child class inheriting only from Flyable
28 class Airplane(Flyable):
29 def fly(self):
30 return f"{self.name} is flying."
31
32 # Create instances of the classes
33 parrot = Bird("Polly")
34 golden_retriever = Dog("Buddy")
35 boeing_747 = Airplane("Boeing 747")
36
37 # Demonstrate multiple inheritance
38 print(parrot.speak()) # Output: Polly chirps.
39 print(golden_retriever.speak()) # Output: Buddy barks.
40 print(boeing_747.fly()) # Output: Boeing 747 is flying.
41

Polly chirps.
Buddy barks.
Boeing 747 is flying.

1 #method overloading
2 class Calculator:
3 def add(self, a, b=None, c=None):
4 if b is not None and c is not None:
5 return a + b + c
6 elif b is not None:
7 return a + b
8 else:
9 return a
10
11 # Create an instance of the Calculator class
12 calc = Calculator()
13
14 # Call the add method with different numbers of arguments
15 result1 = calc.add(1)
16 result2 = calc.add(1, 2)
17 result3 = calc.add(1, 2, 3)
18
19 # Output the results
20 print(result1) # Output: 1
21 print(result2) # Output: 3
22 print(result3) # Output: 6
23

1
3
6

1 #method overiding
2 class Shape:
3 def area(self):
4 pass
5
6 class Circle(Shape):
7 def __init__(self, radius):
8 self.radius = radius
9
10 def area(self):
11 return 3.14159 * self.radius * self.radius
12
13 class Rectangle(Shape):
14 def __init__(self, width, height):
15 self.width = width
16 self.height = height
17
18 def area(self):
19 return self.width * self.height
20
21 shapes = [Circle(5), Rectangle(4, 6)]
22 for shape in shapes:
23 print(f"Area: {shape.area()}")
24

Area: 78.53975
Area: 24