NAME OF THE STUDENT TEACHER : SADDAM HUSEN

SUBJECT : COMMUNITY HEALTH NURSING

DATE AND TIME : 30T H feb 2020
TOPIC : HEALTH TALK ON DIARRHOEA
CLASS : M.Sc.NURSING PREVIOUS YEAR
VENUE : CLASSROOM , G.C.O.N. AJMER
METHOD OF TEACHING : LECTURE CUM DISCUSSION
A.V. AIDS : CHART
GENERAL OBJECTIVE: : At the end of the class the people will be able to gain knowledge regarding diarrhoea and its
management
SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES : To explain what is diarrhoea
: To elaborate the causes of diarrhoea
: To discuss the symptoms of diarrhoea
:To explain what care can be done at home and when to see a
doctor
: To teach how to make ORS at home
: To explain in details how to manage and prevent occurance of the disease
S.NO DURATION SPECIFIC CONTENT TEACHER A.V.AIDS EVALUATION
LEARNER USED
OBJECTIVE ACTIVITY
1. 5 mins To introduce self Myself Saddam husen , student of M.Sc. Nursing 1st People listen People have a
and the topic of year. We have gathered here for a health talk on carefully. general idea
health talk diarrhoea. about
diarrhoea.
Diarrhoeal diseases account for nearly 1.3 million
deaths a year among children under-five years of
age, making them the second most common cause of
child deaths worldwide. Over half of the deaths occur
in just five countries: India, Nigeria, Afghanistan,
Pakistan and Ethiopia.
2 5 mins To explain what is Some people frequently pass stools, but they are of People show People gain
Diarrhoea? normal consistency. This is not diarrhea. Similarly, interest by knowlwdge
breastfed babies often pass loose, pasty stools. This listening regarding when
is normal. It is not diarrhea. Diarrhea is carefully and to go to a
characterized by abnormally loose or watery stools. asking doctor and
questions until which
Diarrhoea is when you have frequent loose watery stage it can be
bowel motions. In most cases, the symptoms resolve managed at
on their own within a couple of days without the home
need for medical treatment. Diarrhoea that lasts one
or two days and goes away on its own is known as
acute diarrhoea, which is a common condition that
affects people of all ages. Diarrhoea lasting four
weeks or more (whether continuous or intermittent)
is known as chronic diarrhoea and can be a symptom
of an underlying chronic disease or condition.
3 6 mins To elaborate the a)If an episode of diarrhea lasts less than 14 days, it
types of diarrhoea. is acute diarrhea. Acute watery diarrhea causes
dehydration and contributes to malnutrition. The
death of a child with acute diarrhea is usually due to
dehydration.

b)If the diarrhea lasts 14 days or more, it

 is persistent diarrhea. Up to 20% of episodes of
diarrhea become persistent. Persistent diarrhea
often causes nutritional problems, creating the risk
of malnutrition and serious non-intestinal infection.
Dehydration also occurs.

c)Diarrhea with blood in the stool – with or without

mucus – is called dysentery. Dysentery is very
dangerous because of its ability to lead to anorexia,
rapid weight loss, and damage to the intestinal
mucosa. Another danger is sepsis.

4 5 mins To explain the Diarrhoea is a symptom of infection caused by a host

causes of diarrhoea of bacterial, viral and parasitic organisms most of
which can be spread by contaminated water. It is
more common when there is a shortage of clean
water for drinking, cooking and cleaning and basic
hygiene is important in prevention.

Water contaminated with human faeces for example

from municipal sewage, septic tanks and latrines is
of special concern. Animal faeces also contain
microorganisms that can cause diarrhoea.

Diarrhoea can also spread from person to person,

aggravated by poor personal hygiene. Food is
another major cause of diarrhoea when it is prepared
or stored in unhygienic conditions. Water can
contaminate food during irrigation, and fish and
seafood from polluted water may also contribute to
the disease.
A number of non-infectious causes can result in
diarrhea.[5 ] These include lactose
intolerance, irritable bowel syndrome, non-celiac
gluten sensitivity, celiac disease, inflammatory bowel
disease, hyperthyroidism, bile acid diarrhea, and a
number of medications.
5 2mins To discuss the
symptoms of Symptoms of Diarrhoea
dehydration due to
diarrhoea The main and most recognizable symptom of
diarrhoea is passing loose, watery stool that occurs
three or more times a day. Diarrhoea may also lead
to the following symptoms:

 Pain or cramping in the abdomen

 An urgent need to go to the bathroom

 Nausea

 A loss of control of bowel movements

If diarrhoea is caused by an infection, people may

also experience:

 Bloody stools

 Vomiting

 Fever and chills

 Light-headedness and dizziness

Diarrhoea may also cause dehydration and mal

absorption, each of which has its own symptoms.

Signs of dehydration include: thirst, urinating less

frequently than normal, dark-colored urine, dry
mouth, feeling tired, sunken eyes or cheeks, light-
headedness or fainting, and a decreased skin turgor
(when the skin is pinched and released, it does not
flatten back to normal right away).
 Symptoms of malabsorption include bloating, gas,
changes in appetite, weight loss, and loose, greasy,
foul-smelling bowel movements.

6 10 mins To discuss the Replace fluids. Drink plenty of water, as well as fruit
treatment for juices or sports drinks, and eat soups with clear
diarrhoea broth to help replenish lost electrolytes. Pay
attention to the amount of sugar in these drinks,
because too much sugar can worsen diarrhea
symptoms.

Eat a bland diet. A bland diet will be easy on your

digestive system and can help ease diarrhea
symptoms. A bland diet consists of foods that are
soft, not spicy, and low in fiber. You should also
avoid raw foods, fried foods, and drinks with alcohol
or caffeine in them.

Try over-the-counter medications. In most cases of

diarrhea, over-the-counter medications can help
ease the discomfort that comes with diarrhea. These
options include loperamide, commonly known as
Imodium, and bismuth subsalicylate, or Pepto-
Bismol.

Antibiotics may be needed. If your diarrhea is being

caused by a bacterial infection, your doctor will
prescribe antibiotics to help you feel better. A round
of antibiotics can help treat diarrhea caused by
bacteria or parasites. However, if your diarrhea is
being caused by a virus, antibiotics will not help.

Treat underlying problems. Diarrhea may be a

symptom of a more serious health condition, such as
a food allergy or digestive disorder. Your doctor will
work with you to figure out the underlying issue
 through testing and come up with an appropriate
treatment plan

7 10 mins To explain in detail One of the most important things you can do to
about prevention of prevent diarrhea is to wash your hands frequently.
diarrhoea. Be sure to wash your hands after using the
bathroom, before preparing or eating food, before
and after caring for someone who is ill, after
touching garbage, and after touching an animal,
animal feed, and animal waste.

Another important way to prevent diarrhea in

children is to get them vaccinated against rotavirus,
which causes severe diarrhea mostly in babies and
young kids. The virus can also lead to vomiting,
fever, and dehydration. The CDC recommends
babies get their first dose of the rotavirus vaccine at
age 2 months. The second dose should be
administered at 4 months, and the third, if needed,
at 6 months.

Practicing good hygiene can prevent diarrhea.

Drink clean water: boiled or filtered. Cover water.

Use a ladle, do not dip fingers into container

Wash your hands after going to the bathroom.

Wash your hands before preparing or eating a meal.

Do not eat stale or contaminated food.

Wash pots and pans and let them dry before reusing
them.

Treat diarrhea and dehydration at home.

 Continue feeding the child, do not starve them.
Continue breastfeeding. For older children, give
bananas, rice, and lentils.

Give clean water. Give rice water.

Use oral Rehydration therapy, pinch salt, fist of

sugar, glass of water. Discard every 24 hours.

Important point: Continue using ORS as long as

diarrhea continues.

Know when to take the child to see a doctor.

Refer when there is blood or mucus in the stool.

Refer if diarrhea is severe and prolonged: more than

ten loose motions per day.

Refer if child is unresponsive.

BIBLIOGRAPHY:
1. Trained Nurses Association of India (1990) A Public Health Manual (Second edition) New Delhi.
2. Gulani K.K. Community health nursing (2007) 1 st ed. Kumar publishing house
3. Brunner Suddharth Medical & Surgical nursing (2005) 10 th ed Mosby.
4. Shubhangini Joshi Nutrition & dietetics (2007) 1 st Jaypee brothers.

INTERNET:-

 www.google .com
 http://www.gii.in/health_information/cause-symptoms-treatment-and-prevention-of-diarrhoea.html
 http://www.google.co.in/search?hl=en&q=prevention+of+diarrhoea&meta=
 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diarrhoea
 http://kidshealth.org/parent/medical/heart/diarrhoea.html
 http://www.medicinenet.com/anemia/article.htm
 http://www.webmd.com/a-to-z-guides/understanding-diarrhoea-basics.