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Eurocode 3 Design of Steel Structures

Part 27 Eurocode 3 Steel Design –

Concept and scheme design Lecture–I
| Basics of Structural Design

Dr Jawed Qureshi
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Conceptual and Scheme Design

Outline

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Scheme Lecture I

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Conceptual and Scheme Design

• Basics of architectural design

• Basics of structural design

Eurocode 3 Steel Design – Part 27 Concept and

Dr Jawed Qureshi Slide - 3
Scheme Lecture I

Conceptual and Scheme Design

Basics of architectural
design

Eurocode 3 Steel Design – Part 27 Concept and

Dr Jawed Qureshi Slide - 4
Scheme Lecture I

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Basics of architectural design

What we do is not a stand-alone job

We are part of a large team to produce a product – a building

Client (owner and who pays for the building)

Architect (who designs how the building looks and works)

Interior designers (who designs finishes, furniture etc.)

Structural engineer (who makes the building stand up)

Other engineers (geotechnical, civil, electrical, mechanical, fire)

Eurocode 3 Steel Design – Part 27 Concept and
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Basics of architectural design

Buildings are all around us

Eurocode 3 Steel Design – Part 27 Concept and

Dr Jawed Qureshi Slide - 6
Scheme Lecture I

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Basics of architectural design

What makes “beautiful” or “good” architecture?

Romantic? Spiritual?
Eurocode 3 Steel Design – Part 27 Concept and
Dr Jawed Qureshi Slide - 7
Scheme Lecture I

Basics of architectural design

What makes “beautiful” or “good” architecture?

Innovative?

Different?
Eurocode 3 Steel Design – Part 27 Concept and
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Scheme Lecture I

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Basics of architectural design

What makes “beautiful” or “good” architecture?

Daring?
Eurocode 3 Steel Design – Part 27 Concept and
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Scheme Lecture I

Basics of architectural design

Form follows function

Louis Sullivan

Guaranty Building, 1896

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Basics of architectural design

The house is a machine for living

Le Corbusier (from “Verse une architecture” or “Towards a new

architecture”, 1923)

Dom-Ino House, 1914

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Basics of architectural design

Ornament is crime

Adolf Loos

Villa Muller, 1930

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Basics of architectural design

Less is more

Ludwig Mies van der Rohe

Barcelona (German) Pavilion, 1929

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Basics of architectural design

Less is a bore

Robert Venturi

Venturi House, 1964

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Basics of architectural design

What makes “beautiful” or “good” architecture?

Beauty is in the eye of the beholder

English proverb

Eurocode 3 Steel Design – Part 27 Concept and

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Basics of architectural design

What makes “beautiful” or “good” architecture?

The three elements of architecture:

Firmitas – Firmness – Structural engineering!
Utilitas – Commodity – Good planning
Venustas – Delight – Aesthetics
Vitruvius
(From “De architectura” or “The Ten Books of Architecture”, 15 BC)

Eurocode 3 Steel Design – Part 27 Concept and

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Scheme Lecture I

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Basics of architectural design

Good planning
Look up case-studies:
Similar projects
Similar sites, sizes

Genius is 1% inspiration
and 99% perspiration
Thomas Edison

Eurocode 3 Steel Design – Part 27 Concept and

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Scheme Lecture I

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Basics of architectural design

Good planning

More often than not, someone has

already done it before…

Eurocode 3 Steel Design – Part 27 Concept and

Dr Jawed Qureshi Slide - 18
Scheme Lecture I

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Basics of architectural design

How big is it? How much do I need?

Eurocode 3 Steel Design – Part 27 Concept and

Dr Jawed Qureshi Slide - 19
Scheme Lecture I

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Basics of architectural design

Natural light

Eurocode 3 Steel Design – Part 27 Concept and

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Scheme Lecture I

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Basics of architectural design

Natural light

The Shard Stansted Airport

Eurocode 3 Steel Design – Part 27 Concept and
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Scheme Lecture I

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Basics of architectural design

Natural light

Strike a balance
between light and
thermal comfort

Eurocode 3 Steel Design – Part 27 Concept and

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Scheme Lecture I

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Basics of architectural design

Building services

Allow:
At least 500mm for ducts, pipes etc.
Between 50-150mm for sprinklers and pipes
Around 150mm for lighting and ceiling
Around 100mm for deflections, tolerances
Around 100-200mm for raised floor
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Basics of architectural design

Building services

“Easier” in steel

Web openings

Castellated and cellular beams

“New” systems such as Slimdek floors

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Conceptual and Scheme Design

Basics of structural
design

Eurocode 3 Steel Design – Part 27 Concept and

Dr Jawed Qureshi Slide - 25
Scheme Lecture I

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Basics of structural design

The grid
Assuming that architectural form and shape (massing) and
general split of uses is established by architects…

Start thinking about:

• Column positions

• Column spacing

• Core positions

Respecting requirements
of uses (e.g. parking)
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Scheme Lecture I

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Basics of structural design

The grid

Parking typically has

specific spacings

Office tenants may have

requirements for minimum
column spacing

Residential floors often have columns aligned

with apartment divisions

Special uses (cinemas, halls, shopping) may

have different requirements
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Basics of structural design

The grid
Grid mismatches will require “transfer structures”

In concrete buildings: Large beams or slabs

In steel buildings: Girders or trusses

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Basics of structural design

The grid

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Basics of structural design

Load paths

Gravity Loads
Vertical loads from slabs
(slab self-weight, finishes, people)

Loads onto beams

Loads onto columns

Loads onto foundations

Ground
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Basics of structural design

Load paths
Lateral Loads
Horizontal loads
(wind, earthquakes)

Loads onto façade

Loads via diaphragm / floor bracing

Loads onto lateral system (bracing,

frame, core)

Ground
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Basics of structural design

Load paths

Load combinations

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Basics of structural design

Floor framing

Normally, secondary beams

are longer than primary
beams
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Basics of structural design

Floor framing

Most common floor system is composite slab

(profiled metal deck with concrete topping)

Precast concrete slabs with concrete topping also common

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Basics of structural design

Floor framing

✓ ✓✓
There is no right or wrong design solution
(but some solutions are better than others for a given scenario)
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