The National Institute of Engineering, Mysuru 2022-23

THE NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING

Manandavadi Road, Mysuru

DEPARTMENT OF

ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING

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Dept of Electronics and Communication Engineering
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Scheme for IV Year

SCHEME OF TEACHING AND EXAMINATION
VII SEMESTER
Sl. Subject Cr
Subject Category L T P
No. Code .
1 EC7C01 Antenna and Microwave Department core 3 2 0 4
2 EC7C02 Wireless Communications Department core 3 2 0 4
Department
3 EC7E2XX Department Elective - 2 3 0 0 3
Elective
Department
4 EC7E3XX Department Elective - 3 3 0 0 3
Elective
Industry driven
5 EC7IXX Industry driven Elective 2 0 0 2
Elective
6 EC7OXX Open Elective Open Elective 2 0 0 2
Mixed mode VLSI design
7 EC7L01 Laboratory 0 0 2 1
Laboratory
Advance Communication
8 EC7L02 Laboratory 0 0 2 1
Laboratory
9 EC7C03 Seminar/ paper presentation Seminar 0 0 2 1
10 EC7C04 Project Phase - 1 Project 0 0 0 1
11 EC7C05 Competency Training 0 0 0 1
Total Credits 23
Total Contact Hrs 26
1 EC7E201 Optical Communication System 3 0 0 3
Department
2 EC7E202 Multimedia Communication 3 0 0 3
Elective
3 EC7E203 Network Security 3 0 0 3
(Elective - 2)
4 EC7E204 System Verilog 3 0 0 3
6 EC7E302 RF Electronics 3 0 0 3
7 EC7E303 Mixed Signal Design Dept Elective 3 0 0 3
Pattern Recognition and Machine (Elective - 3)
8 EC7E304 3 0 0 3
Learning

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9 EC7I03 IDE – 1: Docker 2 0 0 2
Industry driven
Elective
10 EC7I04 IDE – 2: VLSI Layout Design 2 0 0 2

11 EC7O01 Internet of Things 2 0 0 2

Open Elective
12 EC7O02 FPGA based Embedded Systems 2 0 0 2

SCHEME OF TEACHING AND EXAMINATION

VIII SEMESTER
Sl. Subject Cr
Subject Category L T P
No Code .
Department
1 EC8E4XX Department Elective - 4 3 0 0 3
Elective
Department
2 EC8E5XX Department Elective - 5 3 0 0 3
Elective
Department
3 EC8E6XX Department Elective - 6 3 0 0 3
Elective
4 EC8C01 Internship Internship 0 0 - 3
5 EC8C02 Major Project Major Project 0 0 8 4
Total Credits 16
Total Contact Hrs. 17
Sl. Subject
Subject Category
No Code

1 EC8E401 Artificial Intelligence Department 3 0 0 3

2 EC8E402 Speech Processing Elective 3 0 0 3

3 EC8E403 Signal Processing and Machine Learning (Elective - 4) 3 0 0 3

4 EC8E501 Satellite Communication Department 3 0 0 3

5 EC8E502 Mobile Computing Elective 3 0 0 3
6 EC8E503 Wireless Networks (Elective - 5) 3 0 0 3
7 EC8E601 Low Power VLSI Department 3 0 0 3
8 EC8E602 Automotive Electronics Elective 3 0 0 3

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9 EC8E603 Nano Electronics (Elective - 6) 3 0 0 3

10 EC860X Reconfigurable Computing 3 0 0 3

* Course integrated with Laboratory

ANTENNA AND MICROWAVE (3:2:0)

Sub. Code: EC7C01 CIE: 50% Marks

Hrs. /Week: 3 Hrs. SEE: 50% Marks
SEE Hrs: 3 Hrs. Max. Marks: 100

Prerequisite: Electromagnetic Field Theory (EC4C04)

Course Outcome:
On successful completion of the course students will be able to:
1. Design an antenna/array for given specification.
2. Discuss the types of transmission lines and analyse mode of propagation through them
3. Apply microwave network theory to analyse the operation of microwave components
and devices
4. Discuss the various sources of noise in microwave circuits
5. Discuss the basic principles of operation of RADAR systems
Unit 1: Antennas
Introduction, Types of antenna---Wire Antennas, Aperture Antennas, Microstrip Antennas,
Array Antennas, Reflector Antennas, Lens Antennas, Radiation Mechanism---Single wire,
Two-wires, Dipole, Fundamental Parameters of Antennas---Radiation Pattern and its
simulation, Radiation Power Density, Radiation Intensity, Beam Width, Directivity,
Efficiency, Gain, Radiation Efficiency, Arrays: Introduction, Two-element array, N-Element
Linear Array---Uniform amplitude and spacing, directivity, Design
procedure 8hrs.

SLE: Planar array, Circular array, Three-dimensional characteristics, Simulation of Dipole

Antenna.

Unit 2: Transmission Lines

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Introduction transmission lines, The Lumped-element circuit model for a transmission line,
Wave Propagation on a Transmission Line, The Lossless Line, The terminated lossless
line, Special Cases of Lossless Terminated Lines, Reflection and transmission coefficients,
Standing waves and SWR, The Smith Chart, Basic Smith Chart operations, Lossy Transmission
Lines
9 Hrs
SLE: The Low-Loss Line , The Distortionless Line, The Terminated Lossy Line, Simulation
of Transmission Lines for lossless and lossy conditions.

Unit 3: Microwave network Theory and Passive Devices

Microwave Network Analysis, Basics of Impedance and Admittance Matrices, The Scattering
Matrix, Reciprocal Networks and Lossless Networks, A Shift in Reference Planes,
Generalized Scattering Parameters, The transmission (ABCD) matrix, ABCD matrix to/from
S-Matrix, Passive Devices---Three-Port Networks (Circulators), Four-Port Networks.
10 Hrs
SLE: Two-Port Networks (Isolators), Directional couplers, Simulating and plotting S
parameters for Circulator, Isolator and Magic Tee.

Unit 4: Noise in Microwave Circuits

Noise in Microwave Circuits, Dynamic Range and Sources of Noise, Noise Power and
Equivalent Noise Temperature, Measurement of Noise Temperature, Noise Figure, Definition
of noise figure, Noise figure of a cascaded system.
5 Hrs
SLE: Noise Figure of a Passive Two-Port Network and related numerical

Unit 5: An Introduction to Radar

Basic Radar, The simple form of the Radar equation, Radar transmitter and receiver block
diagram, Radar frequencies, applications of Radar, Pulse Repetition Frequency (PRF),
Introduction to Doppler and MTI Radar.
7 Hrs
SLE: Delay line Cancellers, Staggered PRF, Simulation of Doppler Radar.

Text Books:
1. Constantine A. Balanis, “Antenna Theory: Analysis and Design”,4th Edition, 2016.
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2. David M Pozar, “Microwave Engineering”, John Wiley,3rd Edition, 2005.
3. Merrill I Skolnik, “Introduction to Radar systems”, TMH, 4th Edition, 2004.

Reference Book:
1 Samuel Y Liao, “Microwave Devices and circuits”, Prentice Hall,3rd Edition, 2004

WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS (3:2:0)

Sub. Code: EC7C02 CIE: 50% Marks

Hrs. /Week: 3 Hrs. SEE: 50% Marks
SEE Hrs: 3 Hrs. Max. Marks: 100

Course Outcome:

On successful completion of the course, the students will be able to:

1. Review and classify the different generations of wireless cellular communication

systems and fading concepts.
2. Apply and study the cellular communication concepts.
3. Apply and examine the multiple antennas systems using symbolic representations
4. Research on Multicarrier modulation (OFDM) and its implementation
5. Examine the LTE architecture and its channel specifications

Module 1: Evolution of Mobile Radio Communication and Fading Concepts

Evolution and Deployment of cellular Telephone systems: Different generations of wireless
cellular networks, 1G cellular systems, 2G cellular systems, 2.5G cellular systems, 3G cellular
systems, 4G cellular systems and beyond, wireless standard organizations, fading: Delay
Spread and Coherence Bandwidth, Doppler Spread and Coherence Time, Angular Spread and
Coherence Distance
8Hrs
SLE: LTE Advanced and 5G cellular systems

Module 2:Mobile Communication Concepts

Introduction, Concept of cellular communications, Cell Fundamentals, Frequency Reuse
concepts, Concept of cell cluster, Cellular layout for frequency reuse, Geometry of hexagonal
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cell, Frequency Reuse Ratio, Co-channel and Adjacent Channel Interference, Various
mechanism for capacity increase, Cell Splitting, Sectoring, Microcell Zone Concept, Channel
Assignment Strategies, Handoff Strategies.
8Hrs.
SLE: Concepts of femto, Pico, micro, macro cells and umbrella cell approach

Module 3: Multiple Antennas

Narrowband MIMO Model, Parallel Decomposition of the MIMO Channel, MIMO Channel
Capacity, MIMO Diversity Gain: Beamforming, Diversity-Multiplexing Trade-offs,
Frequency-Selective MIMO Channels, Smart Antennas
8Hrs
SLE: Space-Time Modulation and Coding, Cooperative MIMO

Module 4: Multicarrier Modulation

Data Transmission using Multiple Carriers, Multicarrier Modulation with Overlapping
Subchannels, Mitigation of Subcarrier Fading, Discrete Implementation of Multicarrier
Modulation, Challenges in Multicarrier Systems
8Hrs
SLE: OFDMA, SC-FDMA, NOMA

Module 5: Overview and Channel Structure of LTE

Introduction to LTE, Channel Structure of LTE, Downlink OFDMA Radio Resource,
UplinkSC-FDMA Radio Resource.
7Hrs.
SLE: DL and UL Transport channel processing overview

Text Books:
1. Andrea Goldsmith, “Wireless Communications”,1st edition, Cambridge University
Press, 2005
2. Arunabha Ghosh, Jan Zhang, Jefferey Andrews, Riaz Mohammed, “Fundamentals of
LTE”, 1st edition, Pearson, 2010
3. Sanjay Sharma, “Wireless Cellular Communications”, 2nd Edition, Katson, 2007.

Reference books:
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1. William C.Y. Lee, “Wireless & cellular Telecommunication systems”, 3 edition,rd

McGraw Hill, 2006

2. Mullet, “Introduction to Wireless Telecommunications Systems and Networks”,
6thEdition, Cengage Learning, 2010.
3. Rappaport Theodore, “Wireless Communications: Principles and Practice”, 2nd
Edition, Pearson Education India, 2009.

MIXED MODE VLSI DESIGN LABORATORY (0:0:3)

Course Code: EC7L01 CIE: 50% Marks
Hrs./Week : 3 Hrs SEE: 50% Marks
SETHrs. : 3 Hrs Max. Marks : 50

Course Outcome:
On successful completion of the course, the students will be able to
1. Design and simulate building blocks of data conversion system
2. Design, simulate and test ADC and DAC.

LIST OF EXPERIMENTS
Design, Analyse(AC, DC and Transient) response and Generate& implement the Layout for
the following circuits using Cadence Virtuoso.

1. CMOS inverter
2. Clock driver circuit using CMOS gates
3. Sample and hold circuit
4. Static and Dynamic comparator circuit
5. Dickson charge pump circuit.
6. Common source amplifier
7. MOSFET based differential amplifier
8. two-stage operational amplifier circuit.
9. Supply-independent biasing circuit
10. Bandgap reference circuit
11. Two-bit R-2R Digital to Analog Converter and its characterization.
12. Three-bit Flash Analog to Digital Converter and its characterization.
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13. Willson current Mirror Circuit.

ADVANCED COMMUNICATION LABORATORY (0:0:2)1

Course Code: EC7L02 CIE :50% Marks

Hrs./Week : 3 Hrs SET: 50% Marks
SETHrs. : 3 Hrs Max. Marks : 50

Course Outcome:
On successful completion of the course, the students will be able to
1. Performance analysis of various advanced digital modulation techniques such as
MSK, GMSK, GFSK.
2. Experimentally find the performance parameters of Couplers, Power dividers using
Microwave Striplines.
3. Performance analysis of various CODECs
4. Design, simulate and implement various Digital Communication circuits
5. Perform analysis on Fiber optic Link

LIST OF EXPERIMENTS

1. Study of data coding technique of NRZ-L Data Format

2. Observation of Constellation Diagram and study of Bandwidth efficiency of QAM
3. Study of PAM of Digital Data for base band transmission.
4. Study of Transmission and Reception of Band limited Pulse Train in Base band Digital
Transmission System
5. Study of Eye-pattern and Observation of Noise margin percentage in Digital
Communication Systems
6. Measurement of Bit Error Rate using Binary Data
7. Study on Message Scramblers and Unscrambles
8. Study of GFSK Modulation and Demodulation
9. Study of GMSK Modulation and Demodulation
10. Study of Convolution encoding and decoding
11. Study of Minimum Shift Keying
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12. Study of CRC Encoder /Decoder
13. Performance analysis of Fiber Optic link
14. Implementation of CODECs using Hamming, cyclic and convolution codes.
15. Measurement of transmission loss and reflection loss of a 50-ohm microstrip
transmission line.
16. Measurement of power division, isolation and return loss characteristics of a 3dB power
divider.
17. Measurement of characteristics of a branch line and backward wave directional coupler.

OPTICAL FIBER COMMUNICATION (3:0:0)

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Sub. Code: EC7E201 CIE: 50% Marks

Hrs. /Week: 3 Hrs. SEE: 50% Marks
SEE Hrs: 3 Hrs. Max. Marks: 100

Course Outcome:
On successful completion of the course, the students will be able to
1. Identify the basic elements of optical fibertransmission link, fiber modes configurations
and structures.
2. Analyse the different kind of losses, signal distortion in optical wave-guides and their
signal degradation factors and the various optical source materials, LED
structures, Laser diodes. Principles of Photo diodes.
3. Apply the fiber opticalreceiver’s concepts in communication, basics of optical
amplifiers, receiver operation and configuration.
4. Analyse the fiber optical networks like SONET/SDH and Operational principles of
WDM.

Module 1: Overview of optical fiber communication:

Key elements of optical fiber systems, Advantages and Disadvantages of optical fiber
Communication, Basic optical laws and definitions, optical fiber modes and configuration,
Mode theory of circular wave-guides: Overview, summery of key modal concepts, single mode
fibers, graded index fibers, fiber materials.
10 Hrs
SLE: Fiber fabrication.

Module 2: Signal Degradation in Optical Fibers

Attenuation, signal losses in optical wave-guides: Absorption, Scattering losses, Bending
losses. Signal distortion in Fibers.
6 Hrs
SLE: Characteristics of single mode fibres.

Module 3: Optical Sources and Detectors

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Introduction, LED’s, LASER diodes: LASER diodes Modes and threshold conditions, single
mode Lasers, Principles of Photo diodes.
8 Hrs
SLE: Photo detector noise.

Module 4: Optical Receiver and Digital Transmission System

Fundamental receiver operation: Digital signal transmission, error sources, receiver
configurations. Overview of analog links
8 Hrs
SLE: Burst mode receivers.

Module 5: Optical Amplifiers and Optical Networks

Basic applications and types of optical amplifiers, semiconductor optical amplifiers, Erbium
doped fiber amplifiers. SONET / SDH. Operational principles of WDM.
7 Hrs
SLE: Nonlinear effects on network performance.

Text Book:
1. Gerd Keiser, “Optical Fiber Communication”, MGH, 4th Ed., 2011.

Reference Book:
2. John M. Senior, “Optical Fiber Communications”, Pearson Education. 3rd
Impression, 2007.

MULTIMEDIA COMMUNICATION (3:0:0)

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Sub. Code: EC7E202 CIE: 50% Marks

Hrs. /Week: 3 Hrs. SEE: 50% Marks
SEE Hrs: 3 Hrs. Max. Marks: 100

Course Outcomes:
On successful completion of the course the students will be able to:
1. Identify various Multimedia Communication Models.
2. Apply compression methods and standards for Multimedia communication.
3. Apply compression methods and standards for video signals.
4. Analyse synchronisation issues in multimedia communication.

Module 1: Introduction to Multimedia

Introduction to multimedia information representation, multimedia networks, multimedia
applications, Application and networking terminology, network QoS and application QoS,
Text, images, audio and video.
8 Hrs.
SLE: Digitization principles.

Module 2: Text and Image Compressions

Text and image compression, compression principles, text compression- modified Huffman,
LZW, Embedded zerotree wavelet (EZW), Document Image compression using T2 and T3
coding, image compression- GIF, TIFF and JPEG.
8 Hrs.

SLE: Runlength and Huffmancoding.

Module 3: Audio and Video Compressions
Audio and video compression, audio compression - principles, DPCM, ADPCM, Adaptive
and Linear predictive coding, Code-Excited LPC, Perceptual coding, MPEG and video
compression, video compression principles.
SLE: Dolby coders. 8 Hrs.

Module 4: Video Compression Standards

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H.261, H.263, MPEG, MPEG 1, MPEG 2, MPEG-4 and Reversible VLCs, MPEG 7,
standardization process of multimedia content description, MPEG 21 multimedia framework.
8 Hrs.
SLE: MPEG 2000 compression technique.

Module 5: Synchronization:
Notion of synchronization, presentation requirements, reference model for synchronization,
Introduction to SMIL, Multimedia operating systems, Resource management, and process
management techniques.
7 Hrs.
SLE: Case Studies like MHEG, HyTime.

Text Books:

1. Fred Halsall, “Multimedia Communications”, Pearson education, 2001.

2. Raif Steinmetz, Klara NaHrs.tedt, “Multimedia Computing, Communications and
Applications”, , Pearson education, 2002.

Reference Books:

3. K. R. Rao, Zoran S. Bojkovic, Dragorad A. Milovanovic, “Multimedia

Communication Systems”, Pearson education, 2004.
4. John Billamil, Louis Molina, “Multimedia: An Introduction”, PHI, 2002.

NETWORK SECURITY (3:0:0)

Sub. Code: EC7E203 CIE: 50% Marks

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Hrs. /Week: 3 Hrs. SEE: 50% Marks
SEE Hrs: 3 Hrs. Max. Marks: 100

Course Outcome:
On successful completion of the course, the students will be able to:
1. Apply the symmetric key crypto systems.
2. Apply the concepts of public key encryption techniques and explain applications of
hash functions.
3. Explain Digital Signatures along with Web and IP security.
4. Explain Firewall and Cloud security concepts.

Module 1: Introduction to Network Security and Symmetric Ciphers

Need for network security, Services, mechanisms and attacks, Model of symmetric
cryptosystem, Cryptanalysis and Brute-Force Attack, Substitution Techniques; Caesar Cipher,
additive cipher, Multiplicative Ciphers, Affine Ciphers, Monoalphabetic Cipher,
Frequency/Statistical analysis, Homophones, Playfair Cipher, Hill Cipher; involving both 2x2
and 3x3 matrices, Polyalphabetic Cipher, Vigenère Cipher, Autokey Cipher,
VernamCipher, One Time Pad.
8 Hrs.
SLE: Single and Double transposition ciphers,Steganography, Privacy preservation
techniques.
Module 2: Block Cipher and Encryption Standards
Stream Ciphers and block Ciphers, Data Encryption Standard (DES), avalanche effect,
Diffusion and Confusion, strength of DES; use of 56-Bit Keys, plaintext, Nature of DES
algorithm, timing attacks, Cryptanalytic attacks; Differential cryptanalysis and Linear
cryptanalysis. DES Design Criteria: Criteria for the S-boxes, overview of criteria for the
permutation P. Block cipher modes of operation. Simplified Advanced Encryption Standard
(AES) cipher.
10 Hrs.

SLE: Block cipher design principles; Number of rounds, design of function F; strict avalanche
criterion (SAC), bit independence criterion (BIC), S-BOX Design, guaranteed avalanche (GA)
criterion, Key Schedule Algorithm.

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Module 3: Public-Key Encryption and Hash Functions
Principles and applications of public-key cryptosystems, requirements for public-key
cryptosystems, One-way function, Trap-door one-way function, public-key cryptanalysis,
brute-force attack, Probable-message attack. Rivest-Shamir-Adleman (RSA) algorithm,
description of the algorithm, computational aspects, security of RSA. Other Public-Key
Cryptosystems; Diffie-Hellman key exchange algorithm, discrete logarithm, Key exchange
protocol, man in the middle attack, Elliptic Curve Cryptography (ECC), security of Elliptic
curve cryptography, Applications of Cryptographic Hash Functions.
8 Hrs.
SLE: Applications of Message Authentication Functions.

Module 4: Digital Signatures, Web and IP Security

Digital signatures; Requirements, Generic Model, Properties, Direct Digital Signature,
Arbitrated Digital Signature, Digital Signature Standard; RSA approach and DSS approach,
Elgamal digital signature scheme, web security consideration, security socket layer (SSL) and
transport layer security, secure electronic transaction, IP Security: Overview of IP Security
(IPSec), IP Security Architecture, Security Associations (SA), Transport and Tunnel Modes,
Authentication Header (AH), Encapsulating Security Payload (ESP).
7 Hrs.
SLE: Wireless Network threats, Wireless security measures, Mobile Device security threats,
Mobile Device security strategy.

Module 5: Firewalls and Cloud security:

Need for Firewalls, Firewall characteristics, Firewall control techniques, types of Firewalls;
Packet filters, Stateful Inspection Firewalls, Application-level gateways and Circuit-level
gateways. Cloud Computing, Cloud Computing Elements, Cloud Computing Reference
Architecture, cloud security risks and countermeasures, data protection in the cloud, An
Encryption Scheme for a Cloud-Based Database, cloud security as a service.
6 Hrs.
SLE: Firewall configurations, Intruders; classes of intruders, Intrusion detection techniques;
Statistical anomaly detection, Rule-based detection.

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Textbook:

1. William Stalling, “Cryptography and Network Security”, 4th Edition, Pearson

Education, 2011.
Reference Books:
1. William Stalling, “Cryptography and Network Security”, 6th Edition, Pearson
Education, 2014
2. Behrouz A. Forouzan, “Cryptography and Network Security”, 3rd Edition,TMH,
2015.
3. Ronald L. Krutz, Russell Dean Vines, “Cloud Security: A Comprehensive Guide to
Secure Cloud Computing”, Wiley- India, 2010

SYSTEM VERILOG(3:0:0)
Sub Code: EC7E204 CIE: 50% Marks
Hrs./Week: 03 Hrs SEE: 50% Marks

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SEE Hrs: 3 Hrs. Max. Marks: 100

Course Outcomes:
On successful completion of the course the students will be able to:
1. Apply object oriented techniques for digital system verification.
2. Develop the System Verilog codes for digital system design and verification.
3. Create/build test benches for the basic design/methodology.
4. Construct the constrained random tests for verification of the functional coverage.
5. Design and build the ATM as an example.

Case study: Design a synchronous and asynchronous counters

Module 1:Verification Guidelines

The verification process, basic test bench functionality, directed testing, methodology basics,
constrained random stimulus, randomization, functional coverage, test bench components.
Data Types
Built in Data types, fixed and dynamic arrays, Queues, associative arrays, linked lists, array
methods, choosing a storage type, creating new types with type def, creating user defined
structures, type conversion, Enumerated types, constants and strings, Expression width.
10 Hrs
SLE: Net Types

Module 2:Procedural Statements and Routines

Procedural statements, Tasks, Functions and void functions, Task and function overview,
Routine arguments, returning from a routine, time values.
Converting the test bench and design:
Separating the test bench and design, The interface construct, Stimulus timing, Interface
driving and sampling, System Verilog assertions.
8 Hrs
SLE: Local data storage and Connecting It All Together and Program – Module Interactions

Module 3: Randomization:

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Introduction, Randomization in System Verilog, Constraint details, Solution probabilities,
Valid constraints, In-line constraints, Random number functions, Common randomization
problems, Iterative and array constraints, Random control.
8 Hrs
SLE: Random Generators and Random Device Configuration

Module 4:Threads, InterprocessCommunication, and coverage Types:

Working with threads, Disabling threads, Interprocess communication, Events, semaphores,
Mailboxes, Building a test bench with threads and Interprocess Communication, Coverage
types, Coverage strategies, Simple coverage example, Anatomy of Cover group and Triggering
a Cover group, Coverage options.
7 Hrs
SLE:Verification with interfaces

Module 5: Synthesis and a complete Design Modeled with SV:

Synthesis guidelines for interface methods, SV ATM example, Data abstraction, Interface
encapsulation, Design top level, Receivers and transmitters, Testbench.
6 Hrs
SLE: Analysing coverage data, measuring coverage statistics during simulation.

Text Book:
1. Chris Spear, “System Verilog for Verification – A guide to learning the Test
bench language features”, 2ndEdition,Springer Publications, 2010.
2. Stuart Sutherland, Simon Davidmann, Peter Flake, “System Verilog for Design A
guide to using system Verilog for Hardware design and modelling”, 2nd
Edition,Springer Publications,2006
3. Stuart Sutherland, “RTL modeling with System Verilog for simulation and
synthesis: using System Verilog for ASIC and FPGA design” Tualatin, 2017

RF ELECTRONICS (3:0:0)

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Sub. Code: EC7E302 CIE: 50% Marks
Hrs. /Week: 3 Hrs. SEE: 50% Marks
SEE Hrs: 3 Hrs. Max. Marks: 100

Course Outcome:

On successful completion of the course, the students will be able to:

1. Calculate radio, microwave and link power and noise budgets.

2. Design and analyse LNA topologies, switching and non-linearity behaviour of the
system.
3. Understand the various types of RF mixers
4. Illustrate the characteristics of PLL and Synthesizers.
5. Interpret and Deploy different RF transceiver architectures.

Module 1:Introduction to RF and Wireless Technology

Complexity, design and applications. Choice of Technology. Basic concepts in RF Design:
Nonlinearly and Time Variance, inter symbol Interference, random processes and Noise.
Definitions of sensitivity and dynamic range, conversion Gains and Distortion. Analog and
Digital Modulation for RF circuits: Comparison of various techniques for power efficiency.
Coherent and Non coherent detection. Mobile RF Communication systems. Basic MOSFET
RF Equivalent Circuit Model, Advanced MOSFET RF Equivalent Circuit Model, MOSFET
Weak Inversion and Accumulation Operation.
Passive components:Capacitors
Metal-Insulator-Metal Capacitors, RFIC Capacitance RF Equivalent Circuit Model, Concept
of Top/Bottom Plate, Modeling Example, Inductors: On-Chip Inductor Types, Planar Spiral
Inductor RF Equivalent Circuit Model, Reduction of Inductor Parasitics, Modeling Example,
Transformers, Transmission Lines and Equivalents, Interconnections: Simple RC Models,
Transmission Line Models.
10 Hrs.
SLE: basics of Multiple Access techniques and RF Packaging.

Module 2: LOW-NOISE AMPLIFIERS

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General Considerations: Problem of Input Matching, LNA Topologies, Gain Switching, Band
Switching, High-IP2 LNAs, Nonlinearity Calculations.
8 Hrs.
SLE: Design Examples

Module 3: MIXERS: General Considerations, Passive and active Down conversion Mixers,
Improved Mixer Topologies, Upconversion Mixers.
8 Hrs.
SLE: Upconversion Mixer Topologies.

Module 4: PHASE-LOCKED LOOPS and Synthesizers: Basic Concepts, Type-I PLLs,

Type-II PLLs, Design Procedures.
INTEGER-N FREQUENCY SYNTHESIZERS: General Considerations: Basic Integer-N
Synthesizer, Settling Behaviour, Spur Reduction Techniques, Divider Design, Pulse Swallow
Divider, Divider Logic Styles, Miller Divider.
7 Hrs
SLE: Phase Noise in PLLs and injection-Locked Dividers

Module 5: TRANSCEIVER ARCHITECTURES: General Considerations, Receiver

Architectures: Basic and Modern Hetrodynerecievers, Transmitter Architectures: Direct and
Hetrodyne Transmitters.
TRANSCEIVER DESIGN EXAMPLE: System-Level Considerations, Receiver Design, TX
Design, Synthesizer Design.
6 Hrs
SLE: OOK Transceivers and CDMA receiver.

Text Books:
1. Behzad Razavi,“RF Microelectronics”, Prentice Hall Communications Engineering
And Emerging Technologies Series, 2011.
2. Lee Thomas H, “The Design of Cmos Radio-Frequency Integrated Circuits”,
Cambridge Univ Press, 2nd edition, 2003
3. Kiat Seng YEO, Manh Anh DO, ChirnChye BOON, “CMOS RF Integrated
Circuits and Systems”, world scientific publishing, 2010.

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Reference Books:

1. Reinhold Ludwig, Pavel bretchko, “RF circuit design: Theory and applications”
Prentice Hall Publications, 2000.
2. For Design Examples:

https://ocw.mit.edu/courses/electrical-engineering-and-computer-science/6-776-high-
speed-communication-circuits-spring-2005/lecture-notes/

MIXED SIGNAL DESIGN(3:0:0)

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Sub. Code: EC7E303 CIE: 50% Marks
Hrs. /Week: 3 Hrs. SEE: 50% Marks
SEE Hrs: 3 Hrs. Max. Marks: 100
Prerequisite: Analog CMOS IC 1 & 2

Course Outcome :
On successful completion of the course, the students will be able to,
1. Design the building blocks of data conversion systems.
2. Explain the working of data converters
3. Design digital to analog converters and analog to digital converters.
4. Identify the characteristics and quantify the performance of data converters.

Module 1: Building Blocks of Data Conversion Systems – 1

Sample and Hold Circuits: Sampling Switches, Architectures, Comparators: Static and
Dynamic Characteristics, Static Comparator, Dynamic Comparator, Charge Pump (Voltage
generation): Basic Charge pump, The Dickson Charge Pump. 8Hrs.
SLE: Switched capacitor Comparators.

Module 2: Building Blocks of Data Conversion Systems – 2

Amplifiers: Two-stage Amplifier Design, Frequency compensation, biasing circuits: Supply-
Independent Biasing, Bandgap References, and Constant Gm Biasing. 8Hrs.
SLE: Folded Cascode Amplifier.

Module 3: Digital to Analog Converters (DACs)

Fundamentals: Non-Idealities and Performance Metrics, DAC Architectures: Resistor-string
DAC, R-2R DAC, Current-steering DAC, Charge-Scaling DAC, Review of state-of-the-art
Architectures. 8Hrs.
SLE: Pipeline DAC, Cyclic DAC.

Module 4: Analog to Digital Converters (ADCs)

Fundamentals: Non-Idealities and Performance Metrics, ADC Architectures: Flash ADC,
Integrating ADCs, SAR ADC, Oversampling ADC (DSM), Review of state-of-the-art
Architectures. 8Hrs.
SLE: Nyquist Rate ADC, Pipeline ADC.
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Module 5: Precision Techniques, Testing and Characterization

Op Amp offset cancellation: Input offset storage, Output offset storage, Comparator offset
cancellation: Input offset storage, Output offset storage, Testing & Characterization: General
considerations, DAC and ADC testing. 7Hrs.
SLE: Calibration Techniques, Code Density Test

Text Books:
1. Behzad Razavi.” Design of Analog CMOS Integrated Circuits”,McGrawHill, 2002.
2. R. Jacob Baker, Harry W. Li and David E. Boyce, ”CMOS Circuit Design, Layout
and Simulation”

References:
1. Behzad Razavi,”Fundamentals of Microelectronics”, Wiley, 1st Edition, 2008.
2. R. Jacob Baker, Harry W. Li and David E. Boyce,”Principles of Data Conversion
System Design”, 1995.

PATTERN RECOGNITION AND MACHINE LEARNING (3:0:0)

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The National Institute of Engineering, Mysuru 2022-23
Sub. Code: EC7E304 CIE: 50% Marks
Hrs./week: 3 Hrs SEE: 50% Marks
SEE Hrs: 3 Hrs Max Marks: 100

Course Outcome:

On successful completion of the course, the students will be able to:

1. Extract features for Pattern recognition.
2. Analyze the Parameter Estimation techniques.
3. Apply neural network models for pattern recognition.
4. Analyse the deep learning concepts.

Module 1: Introduction to Pattern Recognition

Overview of: Pattern Recognition, Artificial Neural Network and Machine Learning. Feature
Extraction, Bayes Decision Theory, Binary Features.
8Hrs.
SLE: Normal Density and Discriminant Function.

Module 2: Parameter Estimation

Maximum Likelihood Estimation, Probability Density Estimation, Dimensionality Problem,
Multiple Discriminant Analysis, Principal Component Analysis.
8Hrs.
SLE: Affine transformation.

Module 3: Perceptron and Multi Layer Neural Networks

Perceptron Criteria, Relaxation Criteria, Minimum Squared Error (MSE) Criteria, Neural
Networks for Pattern Recognition.
8Hrs.
SLE: Hopfield Network.

Module 4: Models for Representation, classification and Clustering

Support Vector Machine, Clustering, Clustering using minimal spanning tree, SOM,
Autoencoder, Autoencoder Vs. PCA, Autoencoder applications.
8Hrs.
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SLE: Temporal Pattern recognition.

Module 5:Deep learning

Introduction to Deep Learning, Deep Neural Network and approaches, Convolution, Cross
Correlation, CNN Architecture, MLP versus CNN, AlexNet, Deconvolution Layer, Semantic
Segmentation, loss function, Image Denoising.
7Hrs.
SLE: Generative Adversarial Network.

Note: Tutorial/ Exercise/ Handson using software tools as provided by the course instructor
will be part of the course, CIE and SEE.

Text Books:
1. Sergios Theodoridis, Konstantinos Koutroumbas, “Pattern Recognition”, Fourth edition,
Elsevier India Pvt. Ltd., 2009.
2. Christopher M. Bishop, “Pattern Recognition and Machine Learning”, Springer, 2006.

Reference Books:
1. Earl Gose, Richard Johnson Baugh, Steve Jost, “Pattern Recognition and Image
Analysis”, PHI, 2000.
2. TrevoHastie, Robert Tibshirani, Jerome Friedman, “The Elements of Statistical
Learning, Data Mining, Inference, and Prediction”, Second edition, Springer, 2008.

INTERNET OF THINGS (2:0:0)

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Dept of Electronics and Communication Engineering
The National Institute of Engineering, Mysuru 2022-23
Sub Code: EC7O01 CIE: 50% Marks
Hrs./Week: 02 Hrs SEE: 50% Marks
SEE Hrs: 2 Hrs. Max. Marks: 50

Course Outcome:

On successful completion of the course, the students will be able to

1. Explain the application, challenges and architecture of IoT.

2. Use sensors and actuators with Controllers
3. Investigate various protocols and wireless technologies.

Module 1: Introduction to Internet of Things

IoT Definitions, IoT Frameworks, Internet of things application examples, Identification of IoT
Objects and Services, Structural Aspects of the IoT, Key IoT Technologies, IoT Network
Architecture and Design, Drivers Behind New Network Architectures, Comparing IoT
Architectures, A Simplified IoT Architecture.
9 Hrs

SLE: M2M

Module 2: Sensors, actuators and IoT Protocols

Parameters for selection of sensors, Proximity sensor, photoelectric sensor, temperature sensor,
position sensor, pressure sensor, smart sensor, Linear actuator, circular actuator, Controllers.
Application Protocols – MQTT, REST/HTTP, LORa, CoAP, XMPP, Infrastructure
Protocols- Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, Zigbee, RFID.
9
Hrs
SLE: BLE, Z-Wave

Module 3: Wireless communication: Introduction to V2X. Introduction to Cloud computing,

Sensor-cloud, Fog computing, case studies :Smart Homes and Smart cities.
8 Hrs

SLE: IOT in healthcare

Text Books:
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1. Vijay Madisetti, ArshdeepBahga,“Internet of Things A Hands-On- Approach”,
2014.
2. Pethuru Raj and Anupama C. Raman, "The Internet of Things: Enabling
Technologies, Platforms, and Use Cases".
3. Daniel Minoli, “Building the Internet of Things with IPv6 and MIPv6”,Wiley
Publisher.

Reference Books:

1. Adrian McEwen,“Designing the Internet of Things”, Wiley Publishers, 2013,

2. ArshdeepBhaga and Vijay Madisetti, “Big Data Science & Analytics”.

FPGA BASED EMBEDDED SYSTEMS (2:0:0)

Sub Code: EC7O02 CIE: 50% Marks

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Dept of Electronics and Communication Engineering
The National Institute of Engineering, Mysuru 2022-23
Hrs./Week: 2 Hrs SEE: 50% Marks
SEE Hrs: 2 Hrs. Max. Marks: 50

Course Outcomes:
On successful completion of the course, the students will be able to:
1. Summarize on Digital system design.
2. Understanding the concept of programming an embedded system.
3. Identify FPGA architecture, interconnect and technologies.
4. Recognize different FPGAs and implementation methodologies.

Module 1: Revision of Digital systems

Digital system design options and tradeoffs, Number System, Boolean Algebra, Demorgan’s
Theorem, Logic Gates, SOP and POS forms, MVP techniques, Combinational circuits: Adders,
Mux &Demux, Sequential design: Latches, Flip-Flops, Counters (Synchronous and
Asynchronous), state machine design: FSM, Different kinds of programmable logic devices:
Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA), Programmable Logic Device (PLD), FPGA
applications. Adjoining devices. Instruments and software.

8 Hrs

SLE: Encoders and Decoders

Module 2: Programming of Embedded systems

Assembly Language Programming, Embedded C Programming, Your First Embedded

Program: Hello, World!, The Blinking LED Program, The Role of the Infinite Loop,
Compiling, Linking, and Locating: The Build Process, Compiling, Linking, Startup code,
Locating, Format the Output File, A Quick Look at Makefiles, Downloading and Debugging,
Emulators, Other Useful Tools: Simulators, Hardware Tools.

8 Hrs

SLE: Lint, Version Control.

Module 3:FPGA Configuration:

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Introduction,Design methodology and technology overview, High Level System Architecture
and Specification: Behavioral modelling and simulation, Defining testing methodology and
testbench design. RTL simulation, synthesizing, implementation, gate level simulation of
design. Reusing of internal hard modules during design and implementation, Different types of
FPGA configuration files. Generation of configuration file and its loading into FPGA,
Functional and gate level testing. SDF file description and usage.

Overview of FPGA architectures and technologies

FPGA Architectural options, granularity of function and wiring resources, coarse V/s fine
grained, Logic block architecture: FPGA logic cells, timing models, power dissipation I/O
block architecture: Input and Output cell characteristics, clock input, Timing, Power
dissipation, Programmable interconnect - Partitioning and Placement, Routing resources,
delays; Applications-Embedded system design using FPGAs.

10 Hrs

SLE: DSP using FPGAs, Dynamic architecture using FPGAs.

Lab Components: Simulation/implementation exercises of combinational, sequential circuits

on Xilinx/Altera boards.

Text Books:

1. M Morris Mano and Michael D Ciletti, “Digital Design”, 6th edition,Pearson, 2018.
2. Clive Maxfield, “The Design Warrior's Guide to FPGAs”, Elsevier, 2004
3. D. Amos, Au. Lesea, R. Richter. "FPGA-Based Prototyping Methodology Manual",
2011.
4. Michael Barr, Anthony Massa, “Programming Embedded Systems, 2nd Edition”,
O'Reilly Media, Inc., 2006.

Reference Books:

1. M.J.S. Smith, “Application Specific Integrated Circuits”, Pearson, 2000.

2. Peter Ashenden, “Digital Design using Verilog”, Elsevier, 2007.
3. W.Wolf, “FPGA based system design”, Pearson, 2004.
4. V. Sklyarov, L. Skliarova, A. Barkalov, L. Titarenko, “Synthesis and Optimization
of FPGA-Based Systems”, Springer; 2014.

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5. P. Chu Pong, “FPGA Prototyping by Verilog Examples”, Xilinx Spartan, 3rd
version, 2008.
6. High-performance ASIC Prototyping Systems (HAPS) Datasheets.
7. Spartan-3A/3AN FPGA Starter Kit Board User Guide, 2010.

ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE

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Dept of Electronics and Communication Engineering
The National Institute of Engineering, Mysuru 2022-23
Sub Code: EC8E401 CIE: 50% Marks
Hrs./Week: 3 Hrs SEE: 50% Marks
SEE Hrs: 3 Hrs. Max. Marks: 100

Course Outcomes:

On successful completion of the course the students will be able to:

1. Justify the need of Artificial Intelligence in problem solving.
2. Analyze different search techniques, Rules and Rule-based systems,
3. Solve Constraint Satisfaction Problems and Machine Gaming Systems
4. Identify the different ways of Solving Decision systems in Supervised Learning.
5. Classify and Identify data in Unsupervised Learning.

Note: YouTube Links are proposed at the time of preparing the Syllabus and might change.

Module 1: Introduction to Artificial Intelligence

Introduction to AI: What is Artificial Intelligence. Foundations and history of AI. Intelligent
Agents: Agents and Environments, Good Behaviour-The concept of Rationality, The Nature
of Environments, The structure of Agents.
8 Hrs

SLE: Turing Test, Alternative to Turing Tests (https://gizmodo.com/8-possible-alternatives-

to-the-turing-test-1697983985 Accessed on July 18th, 2021), Introduction to Deep Learning
(https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=njKP3FqW3Sk )

Module 2: Searches and Rule Based Systems

Basic Search, Optimal Search – British Museum, Depth First, Breadth First, Hill Climbing and
Beam, Branch & Bound and A* Algorithm. Rule and Rule Chaining – Rule-Based deduction
systems, Procedures for Forward and Backward chaining, Best First Search.
8 Hrs

SLE:Deep Sequence Modelling (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SEnXr6v2ifU)

Module 3: Trees, Adversarial Search and CSP and Learning by Machines

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The National Institute of Engineering, Mysuru 2022-23
Genetic Algorithm (Optimization), MINMAX Gaming, Alpha-Beta Pruning, Constraint
Satisfaction Problems, Introduction, Nearest Neighbours (kNN), Numeric constraints (Crypto
Arithmetic)
8 Hrs
SLE:Deep Computer Vision (https://tinyurl.com/4yy6vxmb)

Module 4: Machine Learning – Supervised Learning

Learning through: Identification Trees and Disorders, Linear Classification, Classifying using:
Naïve Bayes ,Logistic Regression, Linear Regression, Support Vector Machines
8 Hrs

SLE:Deep Generative Modelling (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rZufA635dq4 )

Module 5: Neural Nets

Training by Neural Nets, Deep Neural Nets, Back Propagation in NN, Convolution Neural
Network (CNN), Grouping un-labelled items using k-means clustering Deep
7 Hrs

SLE:Reinforcement Learning (https://tinyurl.com/54tru7nc)

Text Books:
1. Stuart Russel and Peter Norvig, “Artificial Intelligence – A Modern
approach”,3rdedidtion, Pearson
2. Peter Harrington, “Machine Learning in Action”,Manning Publications, 2012

Reference Books:
1. Efraim Turban, Ramesh Sharda, DursunDelen,“Decision Support and Business
Intelligence System”, 9th edition,Pearson.
2. Deep Learning - http://introtodeeplearning.com/2020/index.html
3. Machine Learning and Deep Learning Fundamentals –
https://deeplizard.com/learn/video/OT1jslLoCyA
4. Jason Bell, “Machine Learning Hands-On for Developers and Technical
Professionals”, Wiley 2015.

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Dept of Electronics and Communication Engineering
The National Institute of Engineering, Mysuru 2022-23
SPEECH PROCESSING (3:0:0)

Sub Code: EC8E402 CIE: 50% Marks

Hrs./Week: 3 Hrs SEE: 50% Marks
SEE Hrs: 3 Hrs. Max. Marks: 100

Course Outcome:
On successful completion of the course, the students will be able to:
1. Analyze the basic concepts of speech processing and mathematical foundations needed
for speech processing.
2. Process and visualize speech signals.
3. Apply predictive technique for speech compression.
4. Apply the concepts and algorithms of speech processing for speech and speaker
recognition.

Module 1: Basic Concepts

Process of speech production, Time Domain Models for Speech Processing: Time dependent
processing of speech, Short time energy and average magnitude, Speech vs silence
discrimination using energy & zero crossings, Sampling speech signals.
8 Hrs.
SLE: Pitch period estimation and Median smoothing, Adaptive quantization, Differential
quantization.

Module 2: Short Time Fourier analysis

Fourier Transform Interpretation, Linear Filtering interpretation, Filter bank summation
method, overlap-add method, Design of digital filter banks, Implementation using FFT,
Spectrographic displays.
8 Hrs.
SLE: Analysis synthesis systems.

Module 3: LPC and Speech Enhancement

Basic principles of linear predictive analysis, Pitch Detection using LPC parameters, Formant
Analysis using LPC parameters, LPC Vocoder, Voice Excited LPC vocoder. Speech

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Enhancement: Spectral subtraction & filtering, Harmonic filtering, parametric re-
synthesis. 8 Hrs.
SLE: Adaptive noise cancellation, Enhancement by resynthesize.

Module 4: Speech Synthesis: Principles of speech synthesis, Synthesizer methods, Synthesis

of intonation, Speech synthesis for different speakers, Speech synthesis in other languages,
Evaluation.
8 Hrs.
SLE: Practical speech synthesis.

Module 5: Automatic Speech Recognition

Introduction to Automatic Speech Recognition, Speech recognition vs. Speaker recognition,
Signal processing and analysis methods, Hidden Markov Models, Artificial Neural Networks.
7 Hrs.
SLE: Pattern comparison techniques.

Note: Practical assignments as provided by the course instructor will be part of the course.

Text Books:
1. L. R. Rabiner and R. W. Schafer, “Digital Processing of Speech Signals", Pearson
Education, 2004.
2. D. O’Shaughnessy, “Speech Communications: Human and Machine”, Universities
Press, 2001.

Reference Books:
1. Thomas F Quatieri, “Discrete Time Speech Signal Processing, Principles and
Practice”, Pearson Education (Asia) Pte. Ltd., 2004.
2. L. R. Rabiner and B. Juang, “Fundamentals of Speech Recognition”,Pearson
Education, 2004.

SIGNAL PROCESSING AND MACHINE LEARNING (3:0:0)

Subject code: EC8E403 CIE: 50% Marks

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Dept of Electronics and Communication Engineering
The National Institute of Engineering, Mysuru 2022-23
Hrs./Week: 3 Hrs SEE: 50% Marks
SEE Hrs: 3 Hrs. Max. Marks: 100

Course Outcome:
On successful completion of the course, the students will be able to:
1. Convert a sampled signal to a different sampling rate.
2. Design an adaptive filter.
3. Estimate spectral characteristics of signals.
4. Explain the use of Wavelets and multiresolution.
5. Apply ML algorithm for signal processing.

Module-1 Multirate signal processing:

Review of sampling, Nyquist rate, aliasing, reconstruction, anti-aliasing filters. Decimation
and interpolation, Sampling rate conversion and implementation, Digital filter
banks, Sampling rate conversion for multistage and bandpass signals.

8Hrs.

SLE: Applications of multirate signal processing, Implementation of sampling rate conversion.

Module-2 Adaptive filters:

Adaptive filter applications – System identification, Adaptive channel equalization, Echo
cancellation, Adaptive line enhancer, Adaptive noise cancellation, LPC of speech signals, LMS
and RLS algorithms.
8Hrs.
SLE: Echo cancellation, k-means clustering, LMS using matlab

Module-3 Power spectral estimation:

Estimation of power spectra, Non-parametric estimation – Barlet, Welch methods,
characteristics of nonparametric power spectrum estimators, parametric power spectrum
estimation – Auto correlation model parameters, Yule-walker method, unconstrained least
squares, AR model parameters.
8Hrs.
SLE: Selection of AR model, MA and ARMA models

Module -4 Wavelets:
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Continuous time wavelets, CWT as operator, inverse CWT, DWT and vector subspaces, MRA,
Formal definition, scaling functions and subspaces Wavelet basis for MRA.
8Hrs.
SLE: CWT as correlation, Direct sum decomposition of MRA.

Module -5 Machine learning for Signal processing:

Supervised learning, Classification models to predict class models, regression
models, classifying iris species.
7 Hrs.
SLE: Representing data and features.

Text Books:
1. John G Proakis, Dimitris G Manolakis,“Digital Signal Processing, Principles,
Algorithms and applications”,4th Edition, Pearson Education, 2007.
2. Raghuveer Rao and AjitBopardikar,“Wavelet transforms – introduction to theory
and applications”, Pearson education/ Addison-Wesley, Delhi,2000.
3. Michael Beyeler, “Machine learning for OpenCV”, Packt, 2017.

Reference Books/Links:
1. Tarun Kumar Rawat “Digital Signal Processing”, Oxford university press, New Delhi,
2015.
2. Jaideva C Goswami and Andres K Chan, “Fundamentals of Wavelets theory,
algorithms and applications”, Wiley India 2006.
3. Christopher M Bishop “Pattern Recognition and Machine Learning”, Springer,
2011.
4. https://www.deeplearningbook.org/
5. NPTEL Course:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HVGW85eGPQQ&list=PLyqSpQzTE6M_h5Ug
ZWpybzBVDGmHGhQQb
6. https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/research/people/cmbishop/prml-book/

7. https://www.sp4comm.org/

SATELLITE COMMUNICATION (3:0:0)

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Dept of Electronics and Communication Engineering
The National Institute of Engineering, Mysuru 2022-23
Sub Code: EC8E501 CIE: 50% Marks
Hrs./Week: 3 Hrs SEE: 50% Marks
SEE Hrs: 3 Hrs. Max. Marks: 100

Course Outcome:
On successful completion of the course, the students will be able to:
1. Inspect the fundamentals of satellite communication.
2. Categorize the several noises and apply signal loss factors in satellite communication.
3. Apply Kepler laws and examine various satellite terminologies.
4. Distinguish between the working of earth segment and space segment of satellite
communication.
5. Examine the various satellite services.

Module1:FUNDAMENTALS OF SATELLITE AND PROPAGATION

IMPAIRMENTS

Introduction, frequency allocation, INTELSAT, Indian Satellite systems. Propagation

impairment: Introduction, atmospheric loss, ionosphere effects, rain attenuation, other
propagation impairments.
8Hrs.
SLE: Tropospheric Impairments, noise and multipath interference.

Module 2: ORBITS
Introduction, Kepler laws, definitions, orbital element, apogee and perigee heights, orbit
perturbations, inclined orbits, calendars, universal time, sidereal time, orbital plane and sun
synchronous orbits.
Geostationary orbit: Introduction, antenna look angles, polar mount antenna, limits of visibility,
earth eclipse of satellite, sun transit outage.
8Hrs.
SLE: launching vehicles, polar orbits, polar orbiting satellite.

Module 3: SPACE SEGMENT and SPACE LINK

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Introduction, power supply units, altitude control, station keeping, thermal control, TT&C
Subsystem, transponders, antenna subsystem.
SPACE LINK: Introduction, EIRP, transmission losses, link power budget Equation, system
noise, CNR, uplink and downlink, combined CNR.
8Hrs.
SLE: Combined CNR, Equipment reliability and space qualification.

Module 4: EARTH SEGMENT

Introduction, receive only home TV system, outdoor unit, indoor unit, MATV, CATV, Tx–Rx
earth station.
8Hrs.
SLE: Hybrid Satellite Terrestrial Network (HSTN), Satellite communication in 5G Mobile
services.
Module 5: DBS, SATELLITE MOBILE AND SPECIALIZED SERVICES
Introduction, orbital spacing, power ratio, frequency and polarization, transponder capacity, bit
rates for digital TV, satellite mobile services, VSAT, RadarSat. GPS: Introduction, GPS
position and location principles, GPS receiver and codes, Orbcomm.
7Hrs.
SLE: Iridium, Satellite Navigation Systems

Text Books:
1. Dennis Roddy, “Satellite Communications”, 4thedition, McGraw-Hill,2006.
Reference books:
1. Louis J. Ippolito Jr., “Satellite Communication Systems Engineering”,2nd edition,
John Wiley & Sons Ltd,2017.
2. Timothy Pratt, Charles Bostian and Jeremy Allnutt, “Satellite Communications”,2nd
Edition, John Wiley Pvt. Ltd & Sons,2008.
3. W. L. Pitchand, H. L. Suyderhoud, R. A. Nelson, “Satellite Communication Systems
Engineering”,2nd edition, Pearson Education, 2007.

MOBILE COMPUTING (3:0:0)

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Dept of Electronics and Communication Engineering
The National Institute of Engineering, Mysuru 2022-23
Sub. Code: EC08E502 CIE: 50% Marks
Hrs./Week: 3 Hrs SEE: 50% Marks
SEE Hrs: 3 Hrs. Max. Marks: 100

Course Outcome:
On successful completion of the course, the students will be able to:
1. Explain components of wireless communication.
2. Compare and contrast different techniques in mobile communication.
3. Explain the Workflow of Mobile OS.
4. Illustrate various Markup Languages for mobile computing.
5. Program Mobile Apps using architecture like J2ME.

Module 1: Mobile Computing Architecture

Architecture for Mobile Computing, 3-tier Architecture, Design Considerations for Mobile
Computing. Emerging Technologies: Wireless broadband (WiFi), Mobile IP: Introduction,
discovery, Registration, Tunneling, Cellular IP, Mobile IP with IPv6. Wireless Networks :
Global Systems for Mobile Communication (GSM): GSM Architecture, Entities, Call routing
in GSM, PLMN Interface, GSM Addresses and Identities, Network Aspects in GSM, Mobility
Management, GSM Frequency allocation. Short Service Messages (SMS): Introduction to
SMS, SMS Architecture, SMMT.
8 Hrs.
SLE: SMMO, SMS as Information bearer, Introduction to Java, Bytecode

Module 2: GPRS and Packet Data Network

GPRS Network Architecture, GPRS Network Operations, Data Services in GPRS,
Applications for GPRS, Billing and Charging in GPRS. Spread Spectrum technology, IS-95,
CDMA versus GSM, Wireless Data, Third Generation Networks, Applications on 3G, Mobile
Client: Moving beyond desktop, Mobile handset overview, Mobile phones and their features,
PDA.
8 Hrs.
SLE: Design Constraints in applications for handheld devices, Class files, Compilation process

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Module 3: Mobile OS and Computing Environment
Smart Client Architecture, The Client: User Interface, Data Storage, Performance, Data
Synchronization, Messaging. The Server: Data Synchronization, Enterprise Data Source,
Messaging. Mobile Operating Systems: Android OS, Linux, Proprietary OS Client
Development: The development process, Need analysis phase, Design phase, Implementation
and Testing phase, Deployment phase, Development Tools, Device Emulators.
8 Hrs.

SLE: Data types, and Operations, conditional statements and loops.

Module 4: Building Wireless Internet Applications and Markup Languages

Thin client overview: Architecture, the client, Middleware, messaging Servers, Processing a
Wireless request, Wireless Applications Protocol (WAP) Overview, Wireless Languages:
Markup Languages, HDML, WML, HTML, VoiceXML.
8 Hrs
SLE: cHTML, XHTML, servlets, JSP, spring, Java collections, JDK.

Module 5: J2ME
Introduction, CDC, CLDC, MIDP; Programming for CLDC, MIDlet model, Provisioning,
MIDlet life-cycle, Creating new application, MIDlet event handling, GUI in MIDP, Low level
GUI Components, Multimedia APIs; Communication in MIDP.
7 Hrs.
SLE: Security Considerations in MIDP.

Text Books:
1. Ashok Talukder, Roopa Yavagal, Hasan Ahmed: Mobile Computing, Technology,
Applications and Service Creation, 2nd Edition, Tata McGraw Hill, 2010.
2. Martyn Mallik: Mobile and Wireless Design Essentials, Wiley India, 2003
Reference books:
1. Rappaport Theodore, “Wireless Communications: Principles and Practice” Pearson
Education India, 2009.

WIRELESS NETWORKS (3:0:0)

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The National Institute of Engineering, Mysuru 2022-23
Sub Code: EC8E503 CIE: 50% Marks
Hrs./Week: 3 Hrs SEE: 50% Marks
SEE Hrs: 3 Hrs. Max. Marks: 100

Course Outcomes:

On successful completion of the course, the students will be able to:

1. To learn the basic architecture of GSM and CDMA.

2. To have an understanding of wireless protocols.
3. To examine the various Wireless Networks like LAN, WAN, PAN
4. Describe and compare Broadband Satellite and Microwave Systems.

Module 1: Evolution of Wireless Networks

Review of cellular standards, migration and advancement of GSM architecture and CDMA
architecture
7 Hrs.
SLE: Long Term Evolution (LTE) telecommunication technology, IEEE 802.16 WMAN’s.

Module 2: Wireless Protocols

Mobile network layer- Fundamentals of Mobile IP, data forwarding procedures in mobile IP,
IPv4, IPv6, IP mobility management, IP addressing - DHCP, Mobile transport layer-Traditional
TCP, congestion control, slow start, fast recovery/fast retransmission,
8 Hrs.
SLE: classical TCP improvements Indirect TCP, snooping TCP, Mobile TCP

Module 3: Wireless LANs /IEEE 802.11x

Introduction, wireless LAN Network components and standards, IEEE 802.11 design issue,
design requirements of WLAN, network architecture, MAC layer operations, higher rate
standards, wireless LAN security, WLAN applications.
8 Hrs.
SLE: WAVE (Vehicular Environments), WLAN Hardware.

Module 4: Wireless PANs/IEEE 802.15x

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Introduction, wireless PAN architecture, WPAN components, technologies and protocols,
Bluetooth (IEEE 802.15.1), Bluetooth Link Controller basics, IEEE 802.15.1 protocols and
Host Control Interface, standards, WPAN applications.
8 Hrs.
SLE: Zigbee, WPAN applications.

Module 5: Broadband Satellite and Microwave Systems

Introduction, line-of sight propagation, fundamentals of satellite systems, broadband satellite
networks.
8 Hrs.
SLE: Microwave Internet or Wireless Access (WLA), Satellite Ventures and Future Prospects.

Textbook:
1. Gary J Mullet, “Introduction to Wireless Telecommunications Systems and
Networks”, 1st Edition (India Edition), Cengage Learning,, 2006.
2. Kaveh Pahlavan, “Principles of wireless networks”, 2nd edition Prentice-Hall of
India, 2008.
3. Jochen H.Schiller, “Mobile Communications”, 2/e, Pearson, 2014.
Reference Books:
1. Vijay K Garg,“IS-95 CDMA and CDMA 2000 Cellular/PCS System
Implementation”, 1st edition, Pearson Education, 2000.

LOW POWER VLSI DESIGN (3:0:0)

Sub Code: EC8E601 CIE: 50% Marks
Hrs./Week: 3 Hrs SEE: 50% Marks
SEE Hrs: 3 Hrs. Max. Marks: 100

Course Outcomes:

At the end of the course, the student should be able to:

1. Identify the source of power dissipation in VLSI Circuits.

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2. Understand the power optimization at circuit and logic level.
3. Applying the power optimization approaches to VLSI architecture and systems.
4. Illustrate the different techniques involved in special circuits like memory, adder,
and multiplier with reference to speed and power
5. Analyze various approaches of power dissipation at different levels of abstraction
through simulation for power efficient circuit design

Module 1: Device & Technology Impact on Low Power:

Need for low power VLSI chips, Sources of power dissipation on Digital Integrated circuits.
Emerging Low power approaches, Dynamic dissipation in CMOS, Transistor sizing & gate
oxide thickness, Impact of technology Scaling, Technology & Device innovation.
8Hrs
SLE: Physics of power dissipation in CMOS devices, Low power figure of merits

Module 2: Low Power Design at Circuit level:

Transistor and Gate sizing, Equivalent pin ordering, special latches and Flip Flops, network
restructuring and reorganization, low power digital cell library.

Low Power Design at logic level: Gate reorganization, signal gating, logic encoding,
state machine encoding. 8Hrs

SLE: Precomputation logic, adjustable device threshold voltage

Module 3: Low Power Architecture and systems:

Power and performance management, switching activity reduction, parallel architecture with
voltage reduction, flow graph transformation

Algorithmic low power methods: Introduction, design flow, Algorithmic level analysis
and optimization.

8Hrs

SLE: Adaptive filtering, power reduction in clock networks

Module 4: Low power Memory Design:

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Introduction, sources and reductions of power dissipation in memory subsystems, sources of
power dissipation in SRAM, DRAM, low power SRAM and DRAM circuits.
Low power Arithmetic components: Introduction. Circuit design style, adders,
multipliers, division.
8Hrs
SLE: Battery aware task scheduling, adiabatic computation

Module 5: Power estimation, Simulation Power analysis:

SPICE circuit simulation, gate level logic simulation, capacitive power dissipation, static
state power, gate level capacitance estimation, architecture level analysis, Data Correlation
Analysis in DSP Systems.
7Hrs
SLE: Monte Carlo simulation, signal entropy

Text Books:
1. Gary K. Yeap, “Practical Low Power Digital VLSI Design”, KAP, 2002.
2. Rabaey, Pedram, “Low Power Design Methodologies”, Kluwer Academic, 1997.
Reference Books:

1. Kaushik Roy, Sharat Prasad, “Low-Power CMOS VLSI Circuit Design”, Wiley,
2000.
2. Anantha P. Chandrakasan& Robert W. Brodersen, “Low Power Digital CMOS
Design”, Kluwer AcademicPublications, 1994.

AUTOMOTIVE ELECTRONICS(3:0:0)

Sub. Code: EC8E602 CIE: 50% Marks

Hrs./Week: 3 Hrs SEE: 50% Marks
SEE Hrs: 3 Hrs. Max. Marks: 100

Course Outcome:
On successful completion of the course, the students will be able to:
1. Explain the need of electronics in Automobiles.

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2. Identify the sensors and actuators used in modern vehicles.
3. Measure and control Electronic Engines.
4. Apply the networking and communication concepts for Automotive systems.
5. Analysis of various battery systems and Diagnostics techniques used in automobiles.
6. Paraphrase the performance and configuration of Electric, Hybrid and Fuel cell
vehicles.

Module 1:Introduction to Automotive Systems

Automotive fundamentals overview: four stroke cycle, engine control, ignition system, spark
plug, spark pulse generation, ignition timing, drive train, transmission, brakes, steering system,
Power Brakes, Anti-Lock Brake System (ABS), Electronic Steering Control, Power Steering,
Traction Control, Electronically controlled suspension, starting system.
8 Hrs.
SLE: Air/fuel management

Module 2:Sensors and Actuators

Sensors: Oxygen (O2/EGO) Sensors, Throttle Position Sensor (TPS), Engine Crankshaft
Angular Position (CKP) Sensor, magnetic reluctance, position sensor, engine speed sensor,
ignition timing sensor, hall effect position sensor, shielded field sensor, optical crankshaft
position, sensor, Manifold Absolute Pressure (MAP) Sensor - strain gauge and capacitor
capsule, Engine Coolant Temperature (ECT) sensor, Intake Air Temperature (IAT) sensor,
knock sensor, airflow rate sensor, Operating Principles of Fuel Cells, Electrode Potential and
Current–Voltage Curve.
Actuators:Automotive Engine Control Actuators, Fuel Injection, Exhaust Gas Recirculation
Actuator, Variable Valve Timing, Electric Motor Actuators, fuel metering actuator, Ignition
actuator, catalytic converter.
8 Hrs.
SLE: Throttle angle sensor and Evaporative emission systems

Module 3: Electronic Engine Control and Automotive Networking

Electronic Engine Control: Engine parameters, variables, engine performance terms, electronic
fuel control system, electronic ignition control, idle speed control, air/fuel systems fuel
handling, air intake system, Protection, Remote Keyless Entry

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Automotive communication/networking: Automotive networking, cross system function,
Requirements for bus systems, Classification of bus systems, Applications in the vehicle,
Coupling of networks, Examples of networked vehicles. Bus systems: CAN, LIN.
8 Hrs.
SLE: EGR control and MOST bus.

Module 4:Diagnostics and Battery systems

On and Off board diagnostics: Electronic Control System Diagnostics, Service Bay Diagnostic
Tool, Onboard Diagnostics, Model-Based Sensor Failure Detection, Expert Systems in
Automotive Diagnosis, Occupant Protection Systems.
Battery Systems: Energy Storages: Batteries in Electric and Hybrid Vehicles, Battery Basics,
Battery Parameters, Electrochemical Cell Fundamentals, Battery Modelling, Electrochemical
Batteries, Ultracapacitors, Battery Pack Management.
8 Hrs.
SLE: Traction Batteries and Diagnostic Fault Codes

Module 5:Electric and Hybrid Vehicles

Electric Vehicles: Configurations of Electric Vehicles, Performance of Electric Vehicles,
Tractive Effort in Normal Driving.
Hybrid Electric Vehicles: Concept of Hybrid Electric Drive Trains, Architectures of Hybrid
Electric Drive Trains.
Fuel Cell Vehicles: Fuel and Oxidant Consumption, Fuel Cell System Characteristics, Fuel
Cell Technologies, Fuel Supply, Non Hydrogen Fuel Cells.
7 Hrs

SLE: Energy Consumption.

Text Books:
1. William B. Ribbens,“Understanding Automotive Electronics”,6thEdition,
SAMS/Elsevier Publisher, 2010.
2. Robert Bosch Gambh, “Automotive Electrics Automotive Electronics Systems and
Components”, 5thEdition, John Wiley& Sons Ltd., 2007.

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3. Mehrdad Ehsani, Yimin Gao, Sebastien E. Gay, Ali Emadi, “Modern Electric,
Hybrid Electric, and Fuel Cell Vehicles- Fundamentals, Theory, and Design”,
CRC Press, 2004.
4. Iqbal Husain, “Electric and Hybrid Vehicles Design Fundamentals”, 2ndedition,
CRC press.

NANO ELECTRONICS (3:0:0)

Sub Code:EC8E603 CIE: 50% Marks

Hrs./Week: 3 Hrs SEE: 50% Marks
SEE Hrs: 3 Hrs. Max. Marks: 100

Course Outcome:
On successful completion of the course the students will be able to:

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1. Apply the concepts of nanotechnology and new trends in microelectronics and opto-
electronics.
2. Understand the basic concepts of nano-electronic devices.
3. Demonstrate the Fabrication process flow of nano-devices.
4. Characterize the nano-electronic devices.
5. Apply the basic concepts of Quantum mechanics

Module 1: Introduction to nanotechnology

Introduction to nanotechnology, Impacts, Limitations of conventional microelectronics, Trends
in microelectronics and optoelectronics. Classification of Nanostructures, Low dimensional
structures Quantum wells, wires and dots, Density of states and dimensionality. Basic
properties of two-dimensional semiconductor nanostructures, square quantum wells of finite
depth, parabolic and triangular quantum wells Quantum wires and quantum dots, carbon
nanotube, graphene
8 Hrs.
SLE: Mesoscopic physics, trends in microelectronics and optoelectronics, Quantum
mechanical coherence

Module 2: Fabrication methods

Introduction to methods of fabrication of nano-layers, different approaches, Formation of
Silicon Dioxide- dry and wet oxidation methods. Fabrication of nanoparticles- grinding with
iron balls, laser ablation, reduction methods, sol gel, self-assembly, precipitation of quantum
dots.
8 Hrs

SLE: Fabrication Process Steps in MOSFET

Module 3:Characterization of nanomaterials

Introduction to characterization of nanostructures, tools used for nano materials
characterization, microscope-optical, electron, and electron microscope. Principle of operation
of Scanning Tunnelling Microscope, Atomic Force Microscope, Scanning Electron
microscope, Specimen interaction. Transmission Electron Microscope, Particle size analyser
8 Hrs
SLE: X-Ray Diffraction analysis, PL & UV Spectroscopy
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Module 4: Introduction toQuantum mechanics

Two-dimensional electronic system, two-dimensional behaviour, MOSFET structures,
Heterojunctions, Quantum wells, modulation doped quantum wells, multiple quantum wells
8 Hrs
SLE: The concept of super lattices- Kronig - Penney model of super lattice.

Module 5:Nanoelectronics devices

Nanoelectronics devices- MODFETS, heterojunction bipolar transistors Resonant tunnel

effect, RTD, RTT, Hot electron transistors Coulomb blockade effect and single electron
transistor, CNT transistors Heterostructure semiconductor laser Quantum well laser, Quantum
well optical modulator, quantum well subband photo detectors, principle of NEMS.
7Hrs

SLE: quantum dot LED, quantum dot laser

Text Book:
1. T. Pradeep,“Nano: The Essentials: Understanding Nanoscience and
Nanotechnology”, Tata McGraw-Hill Publishing Company Limited, New Delhi,
2008.
2. 2. Robert W. Kelsall, Ian W. Hamley and MarkGeoghegan, “Nanoscale Science and
Technology”,John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., UK, 2005

Reference Books:

1. J.M. Martinez-Duart, R.J. Martin Palma, F. Agulle Rueda, “Nanotechnology for

Microelectronics and optoelectronics”, Elsevier, 2006

2. W.R. Fahrner, “Nanotechnology and Nanoelectronics”, Springer, 2005

3. Chattopadhyay, Banerjee, “Introduction to Nanoscience & Technology”, PHI, 2012

4. Murty, Shankar, “Text book of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology”, Universities

Press, 2012
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RECONFIGURABLE COMPUTING(3:0:0)

Sub Code:EC8E604 CIE: 50% Marks

Hrs./Week: 3 Hrs SEE: 50% Marks
SEE Hrs: 3 Hrs. Max. Marks: 100

Course Outcomes:
On successful completion of the course the students will be able to:
1. Understand the fundamental principles and practices in reconfigurable architecture.
2. Simulate and synthesize the reconfigurable computing architectures.
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3. Illustrate the FPGA design principles, and logic synthesis.
4. Integrate hardware and software technologies for reconfiguration computing focusing
on partial reconfiguration design.
5. Design digital systems for a variety of applications on signal processing and system on
chip configurations.

Module 1: Introduction to Reconfigurable Computing

History, Reconfigurable vs Processor based system, RC Architecture. Reconfigurable Logic
Devices: Field Programmable Gate Array, Coarse Grained Reconfigurable Arrays.
Reconfigurable Computing System: Parallel Processing on Reconfigurable Computers, A
survey of Reconfigurable Computing System.
8 Hrs.
SLE: Reconfigurable Logic Co-processor
Module 2: Languages,Compilation and Implementation
Design Cycle, Languages, HDL, High Level Compilation, Low level Design flow, Integration,
FPGA Design flow, Logic Synthesis.
8 Hrs.
SLE: Debugging Reconfigurable Computing Applications
Module 3: Synthesis, Placement and on-line communication
High Level Synthesis for Reconfigurable Devices: Modelling, Temporal Partitioning
Algorithms, TEMPORAL PLACEMENT: Offline and Online Temporal Placement, Managing
the Device’s Free Space with Empty Rectangles, Managing the Device’s Occupied Space,
NoC, Dynamic NoC.
8 Hrs.
SLE: Communication over third party
Module 4: Partial Reconfiguration Design
Partial Reconfiguration Design, Bitstream Manipulation with JBits, The modular Design flow,
The Early Access Design Flow, Creating Partially Reconfigurable Designs, Partial
Reconfiguration using Hansel-C Designs, Platform Design.
8 Hrs.
SLE: Enhancement in the Platform Design

Module 5: Signal Processing Applications

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Reconfigurable computing for DSP, DSP application building blocks, Examples:
Beamforming, Software Radio, Image and video processing, Local Neighbourhood functions,
Convolution.
7 Hrs.
SLE: SOPC
Text Books:
1. M. Gokhale and P. Graham, “Reconfigurable Computing: Accelerating
Computation with Field-Programmable Gate Arrays”, Springer, ISBN: 978-0-387-
26105-8, 2005.
2. C. Bobda, “Introduction to Reconfigurable Computing: Architectures,
Algorithms and Applications”, Springer, ISBN: 978-1-4020-6088-5, 2007
Reference Books:

1. Pellerin and S. Thibault, “Practical FPGA Programming in C D”, Prentice-Hall

2005.
2. W. Wolf, “FPGA Based System Design”, Prentice-Hall, 2004.
3. R. Cofer and B. Harding, “Rapid System Prototyping with FPGAs: Accelerating the
Design Process”, Newnes, 2005.

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