WEST BENGAL COUNCIL OF HIGHER SECONDARY EDUCATION
SYLLABUS FOR CLASS XI AND XII
SUBJECT : BIOLOGICAL SCIENCE ( BIOS )
CLASS - XI
SEMESTER – I
FULL MARKS : 35 CONTACT HOURS : 55 Hours
COURSE CODE: THEORY
UNIT No. TOPICS CONTACT MARKS
HOURS
UNIT I Chapter-1: The Living World
(DIVERSITY Biodiversity; need for classification; three domains of life;
OF LIVING Taxonomy and Systematics; concept of species; and taxonomical
ORGANISM) hierarchy; binomial nomenclature; Tools for study of Biodiversity; 2
Museums; Zoological and Botanical Gardens; Herbaria (Definition:
World’s largest herbarium, name of the herbarium in Bengal,
Importance of herbarium)
Chapter-2: Biological Classification
Five Kingdoms of Classification; Salient features and classification
5 19
of Monera; Protista and Fungi into major groups; Lichens, Viruses,
Viroids and Prions.
Chapter-3: Plant Kingdom
Classification of Plants into major Groups, Salient and
5
distinguishing features and a few examples of Algae, Bryophyta,
Pteridophyta, Gymnosperm.
Chapter-4: Animal Kingdom
Salient features and classification of animals, non-chordates up to 7
phyla level and chordates up to class level.
UNIT II Chapter-5: Morphology of Flowering Plants
STRUCTURAL Morphology of different parts of flowering plants: root, stem, leaf,
ORGANIZATIONS 8
inflorescence, flower, fruit, and seed. Description of families :
IN PLANTS
Malvaceae, Solanaceae, Brassicaceae, Compositae, Leguminosae
AND ANIMALS)
(Dicots), Poaceae, Liliaceae (Monocots).
Chapter-6: Anatomy of Flowering Plants
Plant tissue systems including Mechanical tissue systems, anatomy 4
16
and functions of tissue systems in dicots and monocots.
Chapter-7: Structural Organization in Animals
Animal Tissue Systems: epithelial, connective, muscular and
nervous systems (structure, organization and function);
4
morphology, anatomy and functions of different systems;
digestive, circulatory, respiratory, nervous, and reproductive
systems of frog.
UNIT No. TOPICS CONTACT MARKS
HOURS
UNIT III
(CELL STRUCTURE Chapter-8: Cell- The Unit of Life
AND FUNCTIONS) Cell theory and cell as the basic unit of life; structure of prokaryotic
and eukaryotic cells; Plant cell and Animal cell; cell envelope; cell
membrane, cell wall; cell organelles — structure and function;
7
endo-membrane system, nucleus, endoplasmic reticulum, golgi
bodies, lysosomes, vacuoles, mitochondria, ribosomes, plastids,
microbodies, cytoskeleton, cilia, flagella, centrioles (ultra-structure
and function). 20
Chapter-9: Biomolecules
Chemical constituents of living cells: biomolecules; structure and
9
function of proteins; carbohydrates; lipids; and nucleic acids;
Enzyme — types; properties; enzyme action.
Chapter-10: Cell Cycle and Cell Division
Cell cycle; mitosis; meiosis; and their significance. 4
CLASS - XI
SEMESTER – II
SUBJECT : BIOLOGICAL SCIENCE ( BIOS )
FULL MARKS : 35 CONTACT HOURS : 97 HOURS
COURSE CODE : THEORY
UNIT No. TOPICS CONTACT MARKS
HOURS
UNIT IV Chapter-11: Photosynthesis in Higher Plants
(PLANT Photosynthesis as a means of autotrophic nutrition; site of photosynthesis,
PHYSIOLOGY) pigments involved in photosynthesis (structure of chlorophyll; empirical
formula of chlorophyll a, b, c, d, e, bacteriochlorophyll, carotene and
14
xanthophyll); photochemical and biosynthetic phases of photosynthesis;
cyclic and non-cyclic photophosphorylation; chemiosmotic hypothesis,
photorespiration, C3 and C4 pathways, CAM Cycle (schematic pathway
only), factors affecting photosynthesis.
Chapter-12: Respiration in Plants
Exchange of gases; cellular respiration — glycolysis, fermentation 34
(anaerobic), TCA cycle and electron transport system (aerobic); energy 14
relations — number of ATP molecules generated; amphibolic pathways;
respiratory quotient.
Chapter-13: Plant Growth and Development
Seed germination; phases of plant growth and plant growth rate;
conditions of growth; differentiation, dedifferentiation and
6
redifferentiation; sequence of developmental processes in a plant cell;
plant growth regulators — auxin, gibberellin, cytokinin, ethylene, ABA,
Photoperiodism — Definition and different types.
UNIT No. TOPICS CONTACT MARKS
HOURS
UNIT V Chapter – 14: Digestion and Absorption
(HUMAN Introduction; Structure of human alimentary canal (drawing, labelling and
PHYSIOLOGY) function of different parts including dental arrangement and digestive
glands); Role of digestive enzymes and the GI hormone in digestion;
9
Peristalsis; Digestion, absorption and assimilation of protein, carbohydrate
and fat; egestion; Nutritional and digestive disorders — PEM (protein
energy malnutrition) indigestion, constipation, vomiting, jaundice,
diarrhoea.
Chapter-15: Breathing and Exchange of Gases
Respiratory organs in animals (name only); Respiratory system in humans;
mechanism of breathing and its regulation in humans - exchange of gases,
9
transport of gases and regulation of respiration, respiratory volume;
disorders related to respiration — asthma, emphysema, occupational
respiratory disorders.
Chapter-16: Body Fluids and Circulation
Composition of blood, blood groups, coagulation of blood; composition of
lymph and its function; human circulatory system - Structure of human
9
heart and blood vessels; cardiac cycle, cardiac output, ECG; double
circulation; regulation of cardiac activity; disorders of circulatory system —
hypertension, coronary artery disease, angina pectoris, heart failure.
Chapter-17: Excretory Products and their Elimination
Modes of excretion — ammonotelism, ureotelism, uricotelism; human
excretory system – structure and function; urine formation,
osmoregulation; counter-current mechanism; regulation of kidney
7
function — renin-angiotensin system, atrialnatriuretic factor, ADH and
diabetes insipidus; role of other organs in excretion; disorders — uremia,
renal failure, renal calculi, nephritis; dialysis and artificial kidney, kidney 63
transplant.
Chapter-18: Locomotion and Movement
Types of movement - ciliary, flagellar, muscular; skeletal muscle,
contractile proteins and muscle contraction; skeletal system and its 8
functions; joints; disorders of muscular and skeletal systems - myasthenia
gravis, tetany, muscular dystrophy, arthritis, osteoporosis, gout.
Chapter-19: Neural Control and Coordination
Mechanism of neural control and co-ordination; Neuron and nerves;
Nervous system in humans - central nervous system; peripheral nervous
system and visceral nervous system; Brain and its major parts- cerebral
cortex, thalamus, hypothalamus and limbic system; mid-brain, pons,
medulla, cerebellum and spinal cord (function only); Modes of
12
distribution and function of P.N.S. and autonomic nervous system;
Generation and conduction of nerve impulse; reflex action and reflex arc;
Sense organs – Sensory perception, outline structure and function of eye
and ear; Disorders — Parkinson’s and Alzheimer’s diseases.
Chapter-20: Chemical Coordination and Integration
Endocrine glands and hormones; human endocrine system —
hypothalamus, pituitary, pineal, thyroid, parathyroid, adrenal, pancreas,
gonads; mechanism of hormone action (protein and steroid hormones); 9
role of hormones as messengers and regulators, hypo- and hyperactivity
and related disorders; dwarfism, acromegaly, cretinism, goitre,
exophthalmic goitre, diabetes, Addison's disease.
CLASS: XI
SUBJECT : BIOLOGICAL SCIENCE ( BIOS )
COURSE CODE : PRACTICAL
FULL MARKS : 30 CONTACT HOURS: 30 HOURS
Time allowed : 3 hours. Max. Marks : 30
EVALUATION SCHEME MARKS
One major experiment Part A.(experiment no-1,3,7) 6
One minor experiment Part A.(experiment no-6,8,9,10,11) 5
Slide preparation Part A.(experiment no-2,4,5) 3
(any one)
Spotting. Part – B ( three) 6(2x3)
Practical record+Viva voce 5(3+2)
Investigatory project viva voce 5(3+2)
Total: SEM-I = 14 PRACTICAL CLASSES + SEM-II = 22 PRACTICAL CLASSES ( 24HRS.) 30
A. List of Experiments
1. Study and describe locally available common flowering plants from family Malvaceae, Solanaceae,Brassicaceae,
Asteraceae,Leguminosae including dissection and display of floral whorls,Anther and Ovary to show number of
chambers(Placentation).(Floral formula and floral diagrams.),Type of root.(Tap and adventitious.);Type of
stem.(Herbaceous and woody); Leaf (Arrangement,shape,venation,simple and compound)
2. Preparation and study of TS of dicot and monocot roots and stems.(Primary.)
3. Study of osmosis by Potato Osmometer.
4. Study of plasmolysis in epidermal peels ( e.g..Rheo/lily or fleshy scale leaves of onion bulb )
5. Study of distribution of stomata on the upper and lower surfaces of leaves.
6. Comparative study of the rates of transpiration in the upper and lower surfaces of leaves.
7. Test for the presence of sugar. starch, proteins and fats in suitable plant and animal materials.
8. Test for presence of urea in urine.
9. Test for presence of sugar in urine.
10. Test for presence of Albumin in urine.
11. Test for presence of Bile salts in urine.
B. Study and observe the following (Spotting)
1. Parts of a compound microscope.
2. Specimens./Slides./Models. Identify with reasons.—Bacteria, Spirogyra,Rhizopus,mushroom,yeast,liverwort,
moss, fern,pine cone: male and female,one monocotyledonous plant, one dicotyledonous plant, one
lichen.Different types of inflorescence.(Racemose and Cymose)
3. Virtual specimens/Slides/Models. Identifying features of Amoeba, Hydra, Liver Fluke, Ascaris, Leech, Earthworm,
Prawn, Silkworm, Honeybee, Snail, Starfish, Shark, Rohu, Frog, Lizard, Pigeon and Rabbit. Human blood, and
Toad blood
4. Mitosis in onion root tip cells and animal cells (Grasshopper) from permanent slides.
5. Human skeleton and different types of joints with the help of Virtual image/Models only.
[Note:*18 Hours reserved for Remedial classes, Tutorials and Home Assignments.]
CLASS - XII
SEMESTER – III
SUBJECT : BIOLOGICAL SCIENCE ( BIOS )
FULL MARKS : 35 CONTACT HOURS : 90 Hours
COURSE CODE : THEORY
UNIT No. TOPICS CONTACT MARKS
HOURS
UNIT VI Chapter 1: Sexual Reproduction in flowering plants
REPRODUCTION Flower structure;Development of male and female Gametophytes;
Pollination — Types, Agencies and examples; Out breeding
devices;Pollen pistil interaction; Double fertilization; Post-fertilization
15
events-development of endosperm and embryo, development of
seed and formation of fruit; Special modes — Apomixis;
Parthenocarpy; Polyembryony; Seed dispersal and fruit formation
and their significance.
Chapter 2: Human reproduction
Male and female reproductive systems; Anatomy and Histology of
testis and ovary, Gametogenesis-Spermatogenesis and Oogenesis; 33
Menstrual cycle; Fertilization,embryo development up to blastocyst, 15
formation and implantation; Pregnancy and placenta formation and
function;Parturition: mechanism and neuroendocrine system
involved in this mechanism, Lactation.
Chapter 3: Reproductive health
Need for reproductive health and prevention of sexually transmitted
diseases (STDs); Birth control-need and methods, Contraception and
3
medical termination of pregnancy(MTP); Amniocentesis;Infertility
and Assisted reproductive technologies-IVF,ZIFT,GIFT(elementary
idea for general awareness).
UNIT-VII Chapter 4: Principles of Inheritance and variation.
(GENETICS AND Heredity and Variation: Mendelian inheritance, Deviations from
EVOLUTION) Mendelism-Incomplete dominance, Co-dominance, Multiple alleles
and inheritance of blood groups, Pleiotropy; Elementary idea of
polygenic inheritance; Chromosome theory of inheritance;
Chromosomes and genes, sex determination in humans, birds and 20 57
honeybees; Linkage and crossing over; Sex linked inheritance-
hemophilia,colour blindness; Mendelian disorders in humans-
Thalassemia; Pedigree Analysis; chromosomal disorders in humans;
Down’s syndrome, Turner’s syndrome and Klinefelter’s syndrome.
UNIT No. TOPICS CONTACT MARKS
HOURS
Chapter 5: Molecular basis of inheritance
Search for genetic material and DNA as genetic material(experiments
on bacterial transformation by F. Griffith; Avery, MacLeod and
McCarty; Experiment by Hershey and Chase; Structure of DNA and
25
RNA, DNA packaging, DNA replication; Central Dogma; Genetic Code,
Translation, gene expression and regulation-lac operon; Genome,
Human and Rice genome projects; DNA fingerprinting.
Chapter 6: Evolution
Origin of life;Biological evolution and evidences for biological
evolution(Palaeontology, Embryology and molecular evidence);
Darwin's contribution, modern synthetic theory; Mechanism of
evolution – Variation (Mutation and Recombination) and Natural 12
selection with examples, types of natural selection; Gene flow and
genetic drift; Hardy-Weinberg Principle; Adaptive radiation; Human
evolution.
CLASS - XII
SEMESTER – IV
SUBJECT : BIOLOGICAL SCIENCE ( BIOS )
FULL MARKS : 35 CONTACT HOURS : 58 Hours
COURSE CODE : THEORY
UNIT No. TOPICS CONTACT MARKS
HOURS
UNIT-VIII Chapter 7: Human health and diseases
(BIOLOGY AND Basic concept of immunology.-Immune system, Antigen, Antibody,
HUMAN antigen-antibody reaction, Types of immunity - vaccine and
WELFARE) vaccinations; Pathogens: Parasites causing human diseases: Malaria,
Filariasis, Chikungunya, Dengue, Ascariasis, Typhoid, Pneumonia,
Common Cold, Amoebiasis, Ringworm, SARS (COVID), Allergy and 13
Autoimmune disorders –Symptoms of disease, Name of causative
agents, Mode of transmission. Preventive measures. Cancer, HIV and
AIDS — Symptoms of diseases; Causative agents, Mode of
transmissions, Preventive measures. Adolescence: Drug and alcohol 20
abuse.
Chapter 8.Improvement In food production
Plant breeding, Tissue culture, Single cell Protein. 2
Chapter 9: Microbes in Human Welfare
Microbes in food processing, Industrial production, Sewage treatment,
Energy generation, Microbes as bio-control agents and biofertilizers, 5
Antibiotics: Production and judicious use.
UNIT –IX Chapter 10: Biotechnology and its applications
(BIOTECHNO- Principle, Process of genetic engineering. (Recombinant DNA
LOGY AND ITS technology), Application of biotechnology in health and agriculture,
APPLICATION) Human Insulin and vaccine production, Stem cell therapy, Gene 15 15
therapy; Genetically modified organisms: Bt Crops; Transgenic animals.
Biosafety issues, Biopiracy and patents.
UNIT- X Chapter 11: Organisms and Populations
(ECOLOGY Meaning of Environment. Habitat and niche, Population interactions –
AND Mutualism; Competition; Predation; Parasitism. 10
ENVIRON- Population attributes – Growth, birth rate and death rate, age
MENT) distribution.
Chapter 12: Ecosystem.
Ecosystem and its pattern; Components of ecosystem. Productivity and
Decomposition. Energy flow, Pyramids of number, Biomass and energy, 5 23
Ecological succession.
Chapter 13: Biodiversity and its conservation
Biodiversity — concept, Patterns, Importance; Loss of biodiversity;
Biodiversity conservation; Hotspots, Endangered organisms, Extinction, 4
Red Data book. Sacred Groves, Biosphere reserves, National Parks,
Wildlife Sanctuaries and Ramsar sites.
UNIT No. TOPICS CONTACT MARKS
HOURS
Chapter 14: Environmental issues
Solid waste management; Radioactive waste management; Success
stories addressing environmental issues-Chipko movement, Dasholi 4
Gram Swarajya Mandal movement (DGSM) Silent Valley movement,
Amrita Devi Bishnoi (Jaipur)Movement.
CLASS : XII
SUBJECT : BIOLOGICAL SCIENCE ( BIOS )
COURSE CODE : PRACTICAL
FULL MARKS : 30 CONTACT HOURS : 30 HOURS
Time allowed : 3 hours. Max. Marks : 30
EVALUATION SCHEME. MARKS
One major experiment. 5. 6
One minor experiment. 2 and 3. 5
Slide preparation. 1 and 4. (Any one) 3
Spotting. (three) 6(2x3)
Practical record+Viva voce 5(3+2)
Investigatory project viva voce 5(3+2)
Total : SEM-I= 12 PRACTICAL CLASSES + SEM-II = 10 PRACTICAL CLASSES ( 14.66 HRS). 30
A. List of experiments.
1. Prepare a temporary mount to observe pollen germination.
2. Study the plant population density by quadrat method.
3. Study the plant population frequency by quadrat method.
4. Prepare a temporary mount on onion root tip to study mitosis.
5. Isolate DNA from available plant material, such as Spinach, Green pea seeds, Papaya or any other
suitable materials.
B. Study and observe the following. (Spotting)
1. Flowers adapted to pollination by different agencies (Wind, Insects, Birds,etc.).
2. Pollen germination on stigma through a permanent slide.
3. Identification of stages of gamete development i.e.,T.S. of Mammalian Testis and TS of Mammalian
Ovary through permanent slides.
4. Meiosis in Onion Bud cell or Grasshopper testis through permanent slides.
5. TS of Blastula through permanent slides (Mammalian.)
6. Prepare pedigree charts of any one of the genetic traits, such as rolling of tongue, blood groups, ear
lobes, Widow's peak and colour blindness.
7. Common disease causing organisms like Ascaris, Entamoeba, Plasmodium , any fungus causing
ringworm through Permanent slides/Models or virtual images or specimens, Comment on symptoms
of diseases that they cause
8. Models, specimen showing symbolic association in root nodules of leguminous plants, Cuscuta on
host, Lichens.
9. Flash card models showing examples of homologous and analogous organs.
[Note:*22 Hours reserved for Remedial classes, Tutorials and Home Assignments.]
