Journal of Engineering Sciences Vol 14 Issue 05,2023

AUTOMATIC TEMPERATURE BASED FAN CONTROLLER

1
K Sai Kumar,2Sirolla Rajasekhar,3Shaik Haseeb Tanveer,4S Venkata Prasad
Reddy,5Valthati Allababu, 6K A Rahman
12345
B.Tech Students,6Assistant Professor
Dept of ECE
Dr.K.V.Subbareddy Institute of Technology, Kurnool
ABSTRACT microprocessor suited for control and
This project is a standalone automatic fan speed automation of machines and processes. Today,
controller that controls the speed of an electric microcontrollers are used in many disciplines of
fan according to our requirement. Use of life for carrying out automated tasks in a more
embedded technology makes this closed loop accurate manner. Almost every modern day
feedback control system efficient and reliable. device including air conditioners, power tools,
Microcontroller (ATMega8 / 168 / 328) allows toys, office machines employ microcontrollers
dynamic and faster control. Liquid crystal for their operation. Microcontroller essentially
display (LCD) makes the system user-friendly. consists of Central Processing Unit (CPU),
The sensed temperature and fan speed level timers and counters, interrupts, memory,
values are simultaneously displayed on the LCD input/output ports, analog to digital converters
panel. It is very compact using few components (ADC) on a single chip. With this single chip
and can be implemented for several applications integrated circuit design of the microcontroller
including air-conditioners, waterheaters, snow- the size of control board is reduced and power
melters, ovens, heat-exchangers, mixers, consumption is low. This project presents the
furnaces, incubators, thermal baths and design and simulation of the fan speed control
veterinary operating tables. ARDUINO micro system using PWM technique based on the room
controller is the heart of the circuit as it controls temperature. A temperature sensor has been used
all the functions. The temperature sensor DHT11 to measure the temperature of the room and the
senses the temperature and converts it into an speed of the fan is varied according to the room
electrical (analog) signal, which is applied to the temperature using PWM technique. The duty
microcontroller. The sensed and set values of the cycle is varied from 0 to 100 to control the fan
temperature are displayed on the 16x2-line LCD. speed depending upon the room temperature,
The micro controller drives Transistor to control which is displayed on Liquid Crystal Display.
the fan speed. This project uses regulated 12V, Nowadays, everyone is looking towards the new
2A power supply. This project is useful in technologies by replacing the manual operations
process industries for maintenance and to automatic controlled devices. One of the basic
controlling of Boilers temperature. Here we are requirements of the people during summer is a
controlling manually through Mobile App using cooling fan. But, the speed of the fan can be
Wifi and Automatically controlled through controlled by manual operation using a manual
sensor. It will Operated mode beased on set up switch i.e. fan regulator or dimmer. By turning
switch.I the dimmer, the fan speed can be altered. It can
. INTRODUCTION be observed that during daylight temperature
With the advancement in technology, usually rises and during night the temperature
intelligent systems are introduced every day. falls. The users do not understand the difference
Everything is getting more sophisticated and in temperature. So to overcome the speed of the
intelligible.There is an increase in the demand of fan here is a solution to vary according to
cutting edge technology and smart electronic temperature. This concept is particularly
systems. Microcontrollers play a very important applicable for the areas like where temperature
role in the development of the smart systems as changes radically during day and night time.
brain is given to the system. Microcontrollers This work will convert the manual fan into
have become the heart of the new technologies automatic fan. The automatic fan will change its
that are being introduced daily. A speed according to the temperature in the room.
microcontroller is mainly a single chip Automated systems that have less manual

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Journal of Engineering Sciences Vol 14 Issue 05,2023

operation are flexible, reliable and accurate. Due The Arduino Uno is a microcontroller
to these demands every field prefer automated board based on the ATmega328 (datasheet). It
control systems especially in the field of has 14 digital input/output pins (of which 6 can
electronics where automated systems are giving be used as PWM outputs), 6 analog inputs, a 16
good result. Microcontroller is one of the major MHz ceramic resonator, a USB connection, a
devices in the field of electronics. power jack, an ICSP header, and a reset button.
II.LITERATURE REVIEW It contains everything needed to support the
The circuit exploits the property of microcontroller; simply connect it to a computer
sensor to operate the DC Fan. A sensor is a type with a USB cable or power it with a AC-to-DC
of transducer. In a broader sense, a transducer is adapter or battery to get started.
sometimes defined as any device that converts The Uno differs from all preceding
energy from one form to another. Besides that, boards in that it does not use the FTDI USB-to-
the component that made up the temperature serial driver chip. Instead, it features the
sensor is known as thermistor. Thermistor is a Atmega16U2 (Atmega8U2 up to version R2)
kind of temperature dependent resistor and its programmed as a USB-to-serial converter. Uno
resistance varies depending on the temperature board has a resistor pulling the 8U2 HWB line to
in its vicinity. There are two types of ground, making it easier to put into DFU mode.
Thermistors- Negative Temperature Coefficient Arduino board has the following new features:
Thermistor (NTC) and Positive Temperature • 1.0 pin out: added SDA and SCL pins
Coefficient Thermistor (PTC). that are near to the AREF pin and two other new
NTC Thermistor decreases its resistance when pins placed near to the RESET pin, the IOREF
the temperature increases while PTC Thermistor that allow the shields to adapt to the voltage
increases its resistance when the temperature provided from the board. In future, shields will
increases. Thermistors are bead like resistors be compatible both with the board that use the
available from 100 ohms to 10K or more values. AVR, which operate with 5V and with the
In this circuit, a 1K (25°C) NTC Thermistor is Arduino Due that operate with 3.3V. The second
used. A small DC fan increases or decreases its one is a not connected pin, that is reserved for
speed as per the temperature change. When the future purposes.
temperature decreases below a certain level, Fan • Stronger RESET circuit.
automatically turns off. • Atmega 16U2 replace the 8U2.
PROPOSED SYSTEM "Uno" means one in Italian and is named to
In the proposed systems, microcontroller plays mark the upcoming release of Arduino 1.0. The
a vital role in the smart systems Uno and version 1.0 will be the reference
development.Microcontrollers have become an versions of Arduino, moving forward. The Uno
essential part in the present technologies that are is the latest in a series of USB Arduino boards,
being presented daily. This article discusses and the reference model for the Arduino
temperature based fan speed control and platform; for a comparison with previous
monitoring system using an Arduino versions, see the index of Arduino boards.
system.This system is used to control the
cooling system automatically based on the room
temperature.The system uses an Arduino board
to implement a control system. Since this system
is proposed to control the cooling system and it
is very important to know Arduino controlled
system well.
III.DESIGN OF HARDWARE
This chapter briefly explains about the
Hardware. It discuss the circuit diagram of each
module in detail. Fig: ARDUINO UNO
ARDUINO UNO

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Journal of Engineering Sciences Vol 14 Issue 05,2023

POWER SUPPLY:
The power supplies are designed to
convert high voltage AC mains electricity to a
suitable low voltage supply for electronic circuits
and other devices. A power supply can by broken
down into a series of blocks, each of which
performs a particular function. A d.c power supply
which maintains the output voltage constant
irrespective of a.c mains fluctuations or load
variations is known as “Regulated D.C Power WIFI MODULE:
Supply”. The ESP8266 is a low-cost Wi-Fi microchip
with full TCP/IP
stack and microcontroller capability produced by
Shanghai-based Chinese manufacturer, Espressif
Systems.[1]
The chip first came to the attention of
western makers in August 2014 with the ESP-
01 module, made by a third-party manufacturer,
Fig: Block Diagram of Power Supply Ai-Thinker. This small module allows
microcontrollers to connect to a Wi-Fi network
LCD DISPLAY and make simple TCP/IP connections
A model described here is for its low using Hayes-style commands. However, at the
price and great possibilities most frequently used time there was almost no English-language
in practice. It is based on the HD44780 documentation on the chip and the commands it
microcontroller (Hitachi) and can display accepted.[2] The very low price and the fact that
messages in two lines with 16 characters each. It there were very few external components on the
displays all the alphabets, Greek letters, module which suggested that it could eventually
punctuation marks, mathematical symbols etc. In be very inexpensive in volume, attracted many
addition, it is possible to display symbols that hackers to explore the module, chip, and the
user makes up on its own. Automatic shifting software on it, as well as to translate the Chinese
message on display (shift left and right), documentation.[3]
appearance of the pointer, backlight etc. are The ESP8285 is an ESP8266 with 1 MiB of
considered as useful characteristics. built-in flash, allowing for single-chip devices
capable of connecting to Wi-Fi.[4]
The successor to these microcontroller chips is
the ESP32.

Fig: LCD
BUZZER
Digital systems and microcontroller pins
lack sufficient current to drive the circuits like
relays, buzzer circuits etc. While these circuits
require around 10milli amps to be operated, the
microcontroller’s pin can provide a maximum of
1-2milli amps current. For this reason, a driver TEMPERATURE SENSOR (LM35):
such as a power transistor is placed in between
the microcontroller and the buzzer circuit.

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Journal of Engineering Sciences Vol 14 Issue 05,2023

in order to monitor the temperature voltage, which you adjust to control the ratio of
continuously and compare this with the set on to off time that you require. When the
temperature preprogrammed in the triangle is above the 'demand' voltage, the output
microcontroller, initially this temperature value goes high. When the triangle is below the
has to be read and fed to the microcontroller. demand voltage, the
This temperature value has to be sensed. Thus a
sensor has to be used and the sensor used in this
project is LM35. It converts temperature value
into electrical signals.

LM35 series sensors are precision

integrated-circuit temperature sensors whose
output voltage is linearly proportional to the
Celsius temperature. The LM35 requires no
external calibration since it is internally
calibrated. . The LM35 does not require any
external calibration or trimming to provide DC FAN:
typical accuracies of ±1⁄4°C at room temperature
A fan is a powered machine used to
and ±3⁄4°C over a full −55 to +150°C
create flow within a fluid, typically a gas such
temperature range.
as air. A fan consists of a rotating arrangement
of vanes or blades which act on the air. The
The LM35’s low output impedance,
rotating assembly of blades and hub is known as
linear output, and precise inherent calibration
an impeller, a rotor, or a runner. Usually, it is
make interfacing to readout or control circuitry
contained within some form of housing or
especially easy. It can be used with single power
case.[1] This may direct the airflow or increase
supplies, or with plus and minus supplies. As it safety by preventing objects from contacting the
draws only 60 μA from its supply, it has very
fan blades. Most fans are powered
low self-heating, less than 0.1°C in still air. by electric motors, but other sources of power
Pulse width Modulation may be used, including hydraulic
Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) is the
motors, handcranks, internal combustion
most effective means to achieve constant voltage engines, and solar power.
battery charging by switching the solar system
controller’s power devices. When in PWM Mechanically, a fan can be any
regulation, the current from the solar array revolving vane or vanes used for
tapers according to the battery’s condition and producing currents of air. Fans produce air flows
recharging needs Consider a waveform such as with high volume and low pressure(although
this: it is a voltage switching between 0v and higher than ambient pressure), as opposed
12v. It is fairly obvious that, since the voltage is to compressors which produce high pressures at
at 12v for exactly as long as it is at 0v, then a a comparatively low volume. A fan blade will
'suitable device' connected to its output will see often rotate when exposed to an air fluid stream,
the average voltage and think it is being fed 6v - and devices that take advantage of this, such
exactly half of 12v. So by varying the width of as anemometers and wind turbines, often have
the positive pulse - we can vary the 'average' designs similar to that of a fan.
voltage. Typical applications include climate control and
personal thermal comfort (e.g., an electric table
Pulse Width modulator or floor fan), vehicle engine cooling systems
So, how do we generate a PWM (e.g., in front of a radiator), machinery cooling
waveform? It's actually very easy, there are systems (e.g., inside computers and audio power
circuits available in the TEC site. First you amplifiers), ventilation, fume
generate a triangle waveform as shown in the extraction, winnowing (e.g., separating chaff
diagram below. You compare this with a d.c

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Journal of Engineering Sciences Vol 14 Issue 05,2023

of cereal grains), removing dust (e.g. sucking as temp was reached. For example if you set
in a vacuum cleaner), drying (usually in tempMin at 30 and tempMax at 35 then the fan
combination with a heat source) and to provide will start spinning at 30°C and reach its
draft for a fire. maximum speed at 35°C. We store the
IV. PROJECT DESCRIPTION temperature value in the temp variable and then
This chapter deals with working and use some if() functions to check if temp is lower
circuits of “IOT BASED Speed control of Fan than tempMin and if so let the fan OFF (LOW).
”. It can be simply understood by its block The next if() is to check if temperature is higher
diagram &circuit diagram. than the minTemp and lower than the tempMax
BLOCK DIAGRAM: and if so then use the map() function to re-map
the temp value from one value to another. In our
case fanSpeed will have a value of 32 at
tempMin and 255 at tempMax. These values are
Temperature based fan speed controller 28 used
to control the speed of the fan using PWM and
the analog Write(). The fan LCD re-maps the
temp to allow the display of fanSpeed in a 0 to
100% range so you can say that the speed of the
fan is directly dependent of the LM35’s
temperature. When the temperature reaches the
value set in tempMax the fan will be at its
maximum spinning velocity and the LCD will
display FANS: 100% even though the
Fig block diagram temperature might increase above tempMax.
SOFTWARE REQUIREMENTS: The rest of the explanation can be read in the
 Arduino comments area of the Arduino sketch. In the
 Embedded c language next project I will make a temperature protection
HARDWARE REQUIREMENTS: circuit that will turn off the power of equipment
LM 35 when its temperature has reached a certain
ARDUINO value.
DC FAN In this work we are designing the temperature
WORKING based speed controlled fan. The surrounding
I used an LCD shield to display the temperature is sensed by LM35 sensor the
current temperature and speed of the fan, but sensed signal is sent as voltage pulses to
you can use the circuit without the LCD display. microcontroller ATMEGA 328P and converts
You also need to select the transistor by the type into an electrical signal which is applied to
of fan that you use. In my case I used the well- micro controller. The micro controller on
known BD139 transistor and a 9V battery to arduino drives the motor driver to control the
provide power to the fan and transistor. The fan. ESP8266 Wi-Fi module is interfaced with
LM35 temperature sensor and red led are arduino by using UBIDOTS free cloud storage
powered with 5V from the Arduino board. As website it is possible to switch the fan using
you can see in the sketch on the first line I mobile phone or laptop. Firstly when the supply
included the LiquidCrystal library (header) that is given to arduino, ESP8266 Wi-Fi module is
includes useful functions to use when an LCD is connected to the specified network and by using
connected to the Arduino board. Then I set the mobile ,fan can be switched. When fan is turned
pins for the sensor, led and fan. The most ON using phone the fan starts running LM35
important part is to set the variables temp Min sensor senses the surrounding temperature and
and temp Max with your desired values. Temp according to temperature it controls the speed of
Min is the temperature at which the fan starts to the fan as specified in the arduino program.
spin andtemp Max is the temperature when the Application:
red led lights warning you that the maximum

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Journal of Engineering Sciences Vol 14 Issue 05,2023

1. Temperature based fan speed controller performing rescue operation for miners safety
is useful for cooling the processor in the made easy with this project. In this project we
laptops and personal computers “more used FAN For control the heat in coal miners.
efficiently”. Generally fan in laptop All the sensors can be easily place on coal mines
comes with only two or three possible that helps in continuous monitoring.
speeds. So it results in more power
consumption. 2. The fan designed in this REFERENCES
project, has different values of speed [1] M. A. Hermanus, ―Occupational health and
according to temperature change. This safety in mining—status, new developments,
can be also used in small scale industries and concerns,‖ The Journal of The Southern
for cooling the electrical/mechanical African Institute of Mining and Metallurgy, vol.
equipment. The whole circuit except 107, pp. 531-538, Aug. 2007.
motor and fan can be manufactured on a [2] CHENG Qiang, SUN Ji-ping, ZHANG Zhe,
single PCB, and it can be used for ZHANG Fan “ZigBee Based Intelligent Helmet
temperature based control operations. for Coal Miners” World Congress on Computer
Advantages: Science and Information Engineering 2009
1. This project can be used in Home. 2. This [3]. D. Kock and J. W. Oberholzer, “The
project can be used in Industry. 3. This will development and application of electronic
help in saving the energy / electricity. 4. To technology to increase health, safety, and
monitor the environments that is not productivity in the South African coal mining
comfortable, or possible, for humans to industry,” IEEE Trans. on Industry Applications,
monitor, especially for extended periods of vol. 33, no. 1, pp. 100- 105, Jan/Feb. 1997.
time. 5. Prevents waste of energy when it’s [4] “Head and neck injury criteria a consensus
not hot enough for a fan to be needed. 6. To workshop” Research information and
assist people who are disabled to adjust the publications center. University of Michigan
fan speed automatically. transportation research institute.
Disadvantages: [5] R. S. Nutter, ―Hazard evaluation
1. It can only be maintained by technical methodology for computer-controlled mine
person. Thus, it becomes difficult to monitoring/control systems,‖ IEEE Trans. on
be maintained. 2. Due to temperature Industry Applications, vol. IA-19, no. 3, pp.
variation, after sometimes its 445-449, May/June 1983
efficiency may decrease.
Future Scope:
1. We can monitor more parameters like
humidity, light and at the same time control
them. 2. We can send this data to a remote
location using mobile or internet. 3. We can
draw graphs of variations in these
parameters using computer. 4. When
temperature exceeds the limit, a call will be
dialed to the respective given number by an
automatic Dialer system.
V.CONCLUSION
This fan designed for reducing the
manual operation of fan that is altering the speed
of fan automatically. This fan can be switched
from different places using mobile phones
through IoT technology. Aim of this project is to
increase the safety feature for coal miners. This
system can monitor most important dangerous
events. Monitoring the dangerous event and

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