Mastering Linux Command Line 11/19/2019
Mastering Linux Command-line
The Process
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The Process
What is a PROCESS? “time” command
Parent & Child Processes Signals
Program Vs Process “stty” command
Types of Processes “kill” command
Foreground Processes
Background Processes $ and $$ System Variables
Daemons
“wait” command
Internal and External Commands Job Control (jobs, fg and bg)
“ps” command
How is a process created?
“nohup” command
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Process
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Mastering Linux Command Line 11/19/2019
Process
A program in execution is called a process.
Linux is a multi-user and multi-tasking system.
Multiple processes
Each process is allocated a unique number process identifier (PID)
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Parent & Child Processes
Process A creates another process B
A Parent Process
B Child Process
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PID 0 and PID 1
PID 0
init is the first process started by
Swapper or sched
Starts init or systemd
the swapper (or scheduler)
PID 1 “systemd” is the replacement for
init or systemd
the init process
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Mastering Linux Command Line 11/19/2019
Types of Processes
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Types of Processes
Interactive Process (or Foreground Process)
Non-Interactive Process (or Background Process)
Daemons
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Run a command in the background
Use & (ampersand) after the command.
Example: $ find / -name global* > found.txt &
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Mastering Linux Command Line 11/19/2019
Process related commands
Command Purpose
ps View the list of processes
kill To kill a process
nohup To make a process run, after logging out
nice Set the priority of a process
time Get time stats of a command/process.
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$! and $$
Variable Purpose
$! PID of the last background process
$$ PID of the current shell
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Signals
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Mastering Linux Command Line 11/19/2019
Signals
A signal is a message sent to a process.
A parent process and child process could send signals to each other.
Signals have:
Name
Number
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Signals
SIGNAL Name Meaning
1 SIGUP Hang up
2 SIGINT Interrupt
3 SIGQUIT Quit
9 SIGKILL Sure Kill
15 SIGTERM Software Termination
24 SIGSTOP Stopped
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Job Control Commands
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Mastering Linux Command Line 11/19/2019
Job Control Commands
Command Purpose
jobs Display the list of current jobs
fg Brings the background job to foreground
bg & Put ampersand at the end of the command to run it in the
background
Ctrl-z Suspend the foreground process, and then use “bg”
command to run the process in the background.
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__ DONE __
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