VISVESVARAYA TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY

Jnana Sangama, Belagavi, Karnataka - 590 018

A DBMS Laboratory mini- Project Report

on
“Online Voting System”
Submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the award of Course
completion in degree of
Bachelor of Engineering in
Computer Science and Engineering
Submitted By
Student Names: Sindhu Kalyani BU USN: 1KI21CS105
Spoorthi L S 1KI21CS108
Supriya P S 1KI21CS112
Vinutha C O 1KI21CS120

Under the Guidance of

Dr. Raviprakash M L
Professor

Department of Computer Science and

Engineering Kalpataru Institute of Technology
Tiptur - 572 201
 VISVESVARAYA TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY
Jnana Sangama, Belagavi-590 018.

KALPATARU INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

Department of Computer Science and Engineering
Tiptur-572 201.

CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that the DBMS Laboratory mini- Project report entitled “Online
Voting System” is a bonafied work carried out by

Student Name: Sindhu Kalyani B U USN: 1KI21CS105

Spoorthi L S 1KI21CS108
Supriya P S 1KI21CS112
Vinutha C O 1KI21CS120

in partial fulfilment for the completion of the laboratory work of the course subject
“DATA BASE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM ” with course code “21CSL55”,
during the year 2023-2024. It is certified that all the corrections/suggestions
indicated for internal assessment have been incorporated in the report deposited in
the departmental library. The project report has been approved as it satisfies the
academic requirements in respect of course activity work prescribed for the said
degree.

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 KALPATARU INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

Department of Computer Science and Engineering

Tiptur-572 201.

Acknowledgement
The satisfaction and great happiness that accompany the successful completion of any task
would be incomplete without mentioning about the people who made it possible. Here we
make an honest attempt to express our deepest gratitude to all those who have been helpful
and responsible for the successful completion of our project.

We would like to thank Dr. GURUMURTHY G D, Principal, Kalpataru Institute of

Technology, Tiptur for his continuous support and encouragement throughout the course of
this project.

We would like to thank Prof. SHASHIDHARA M S, Head of Department, Department of

Computer Science and Engineering, Kalpataru Institute of Technology, Tiptur for his
continuous support and encouragement throughout the course of this project.

We are immensely indebted to our internal guide Dr. Raviprakash M L,Professor,

Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Kalpataru Institute of Technology, Tiptur
for his support, technical assistance and constructive suggestions and guidance for successful
completion of our project. We are very much thankful to him for the encouragement that has
infused at most real into us to complete the project work.

We would like to thank all faculty members of Department of Computer Science and
Engineering, KIT, Tiptur, our family members, and to our friends who are directly or
indirectly responsible for our success.
Name

2
USN Thanking you

KALPATARU INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

Department of Computer Science and Engineering
Tiptur-572 201.

Declaration
I, STUDENT NAME, student of Fifth semester Bachelor of Engineering, Department of
Computer Science and Engineering, Kalpataru Institute of Technology, Tiptur, would
hereby declare that the Course Activity work entitled “DATA BASE MANAGEMENT
SYSTEM LABORATORY – “21CSL55” has been carried out by me at Kalpataru
Institute of Technology and submitted in partial fulfillment of the course requirement for
the award of degree of Bachelor of Engineering in Computer Science and Engineering of
Visvesvaraya Technological University, Belagavi, during the academic year 2023-2024. I
further declare that the work embodied in this report has not been submitted to any other
university or institution for the award of any other degree.

Place: Tiptur
Date :

Signature of student

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 Abstract
Over the last few years, there have been a number of election observers who have
suggested introducing electronic voting election processes. A general observation is that
as more business is don using electronic mediums, it should not be difficult to carry out
voting using electronic equipment rather than turning up at the polling place on voting
day to use paper and pen. Electronic voting using the should be cheaper than the present
paper based arrangement. The phenomenal use of the Internet as a vehicle for improving
communication, access to information and electronic commerce has led to the claim that
the Internet could be used as either a replacement to attendance voting or as an additional
voting option. Throughout history, election fraud has occurred in many electoral
processes from which experience shows that the manual voting process is a major source
of such vices and violence in many Organizations.
The mechanism leading to fraud is manifested in registration places by corrupt officials
who are in a position to issue voter registration data capture forms to illegitimate
individuals, stuff ballot boxes, invalidate registration for opposition voters or even coerce
voters. Therefore OVS shall reduce the time spend making long queues at the polling
stations during voting. It shall also enable the voters to vote from any branch of the globe
since this is an online application available on the internet. Cases of vote miscounts shall
also be solved since at the backend of this system resides a well developed database using
MYSQL that can provide the correct data once it’s correctly queried. Since the voting
process shall be open as early as possible, the voters shall have ample time to decide
when and whom to vote for.
The main aspect behind OVS is that it enabled us to bring out the new ideas that were
sustained within us for many for many days. This project offers the voters to cast easily
through internet. Vote counting is also made easy by the OVS since it’s just a matter of
querying the database. OVS is used by a number of countries today. Developing a good
system is critical to the success of the system to prevent system failures and to gain wide
acceptance as the best method available. OVS serves to be the best in use especially in
the 21st century where human beings are embracing technology and where there is
malicious struggle for power by leaders all over the world. This struggle for power has
resulted in the use of all approaches by the leaders in power to remain in their positions at

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whatever costs even if it means applying vote rigging to win elections. With this system
in place, a number of such problems shall be forgotten. I therefore hope that every
organization should put the OVS technology at practice to phase out some of the
problems they go through during manual voting.
CONTENTS
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT I
LIST OF FIGURES II
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY III

CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION 1
1.1 Background ................................................................................................................ .1
1.2 Introduction of Organization.........................................................................................
2
1.3 Current Situation of the Organization .......................................................................... 2
1.4 Security Issues of Online Voting ................................................................................. 3
1.5 Objectives of the Project ............................................................................................. 3
1.6 Scope of the Project...................................................................................................... 3
1.7 Features......................................................................................................................... 3
1.8 Methodology/Procedure................................................................................................ 3
1.9 Project Framework ...................................................................................................... 4
1.10 Data and Information .................................................................................................4
1.10.1 Primary Source of Data............................................................................................4
1.10.2 Secondary Source of Data ....................................................................................... 4
1.11 Tools Used ................................................................................................................. 4
1.12 Testing ........................................................................................................................
5
1.12.1 Unit Testing............................................................................................................. 5
1.12.2 Integration Testi...................................................................................................... 5
1.12.3 System Testing..........................................................................................................5

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CHAPTER II: TASK AND ACTIVITIES PERFORMED 6
2.1 System Analysis...........................................................................................................................
2.2 Preliminary Analysis...................................................................................................................6
2.3 ProblemAnalysis.........................................................................................................................6
2.3.1 Design and Development Problem ........................................................................................ 7
2.4 Feasibility Analysis....................................................................................................................7
2.4.1 Economical Analysis............................................................................................................. 7
2.4.2 Software Analysis ................................................................................................................. 7
2.4.3 Data Conversion .................................................................................................................... 7
2.4.4 Operational Feasibility .......................................................................................................... 7
2.5 Use case Diagram ......................................................................................................................8
2.6 Sequence Diagram.....................................................................................................................9
2.7 Data Flow Diagram..................................................................................................................10
2.8 Activity Diagram......................................................................................................................11
2.9 ER Diagram..............................................................................................................................12
2.10 Gantt Chart ........................................................................................................................... 13
2.11 Test Case............................................................................................................................... 14
2.12 Findings..................................................................................................................................16
2.12.1.1 Application’s Output……………………………………………………………………16
2.12.1.2 Backend.................................................................................................................... .…..16
2.12.1.3 Frontend............................................................................................................................ 1

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CHAPTER III: CONCLUSION AND DISCUSSION 19
3.1 Conclusion................................................................................................................................19
3.2 Future Enhancement.................................................................................................................19
REFERENCE .................................................................................................................................20

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 LIST OF FIGURES
Figure 1 Use case Diagram ..............................................................................................................8
Figure 2 Sequence Diagram..............................................................................................................9
Figure 3 Data Flow Diagram .........................................................................................................10
Figure 4 Activity Diagram .............................................................................................................11
Figure 5 ER Diagarm..................................................................................................................... 12
Figure 6 Gantt Chart ......................................................................................................................13
Figure 7 Admin
Login.....................................................................................................................16 Figure 8
Manage Admin ................................................................................................................17 Figure 9
Manage Position ..............................................................................................................17 Figure
10 Manage Candidate .........................................................................................................18 Figure
11 View Results ..................................................................................................................18 Figure
12 Member Login................................................................................................................19 Figure
13 Add Member...................................................................................................................19 Figure
14 View Candidate .............................................................................................................20 Figure
15 View/ Update Profile .....................................................................................................20

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CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION
1.1Background
The Voting System (OVS) also known as e-voting is a term encompassing several
different types of voting embracing both electronic means of counting votes. Electronic
voting technology can include punched cards, optical scan voting systems and specialized
voting kiosks (including self contained direct-recording electronic voting systems or
DRE). It can also involve transmission of ballots and votes via telephones, private
computer networks, or the internet.

Online voting is an electronic way of choosing leaders via a web driven application. The
advantage of online voting over the common “queue method” is that the voters have the
choice of voting at their own free time and there is reduced congestion. It also minimizes
on errors of vote counting. The individual votes are submitted in a database which can be
queried to find out who of the aspirants for a given post has the highest number of votes.
This system is geared towards increasing the voting percentage in Nepal since it has
been noted that with the old voting method {the Queue System}, the voter turnout has
been a wanting case. With system in place also, if high security is applied, cases of false
votes shall be reduced.
With the “VOTING SYSTEM”, a voter can use his\her voting right online without any
difficulty. He\She has to register as a voter first before being authorized to vote. The
registration should be done prior to the voting date to enable data update in the database.
However, not just anybody can vote. For one to participate in the elections, he/she must
have the requirements. For instance, he/she must be a registered citizen i.e. must be 18
and above years old. As already stated, the project ‘Online Voting' provides means for
fast and convenient voting and access to this system is limited only to registered voters.
Internet voting systems are appealing for several reasons which include; People are
getting more used to work with computers to do all sorts of things, namely sensitive

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operations such as shopping and home banking and they allow people to vote far from
where they usually live, helping to reduce absenteeism rate

1.2 Introduction of Organization

“VOTING SYSTEM” is an online voting technique. In this system people who have been
in an organization and those who participated in election can give his\her vote online without
going to any physical polling station. There is a database which is maintained in which all the
names of voters with complete information are stored.
In “VOTING SYSTEM” a voter can use his\her voting right online without any difficulty.
He\She has to be registered first for him/her to vote. Registration is mainly done by the
system administrator for security reasons. The system Administrator registers the voters on a
special site of the system visited by him only by simply filling a registration form to register
voter.
Employees seeking registration are expected to contact the system administrator to submit
their details. After the validity of them being employees of organization has been confirmed
by the system administrator by comparing their details submitted with those in existing
databases such as those as the Registrar of Persons, the citizen is then registered as a voter.
After registration, the voter is assigned a secret Voter ID with which he/she can use to log
into the system and enjoy services provided by the system such as voting. If invalid/wrong
details are submitted, then the citizen is not registered to vote.
1.3 Current Situation of the Organization
The current situation of the existing manual system of voting include among others the
following:
1. Expensive and Time consuming: The process of collecting data and entering this data
into the database takes too much time and is expensive to conduct, for example, time and
money is spent in printing data capture forms, in preparing registration stations together with
human resources, and there after advertising the days set for registration process including
sensitizing voters on the need for registration, as well as time spent on entering this data to
the database.
2. Too much paper work: The process involves too much paper work and paper storage
which is difficult as papers become bulky with the population size.

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 3. Errors during data entry: Errors are part of all human beings; it is very unlikely for
humans to be 100 percent efficient in data entry.
4. Loss of registration forms: Some times, registration forms get lost after being filled in
with voters’ details, in most cases these are difficult to follow-up and therefore many remain
unregistered even though they are voting age nationals and interested in exercising their right
to vote.
5. Short time provided to view the voter register: This is a very big problem since not all
people have free time during the given short period of time to check and update the voter
register.
6. Above all, a number of voters end up being locked out from voting.

1.4 Security Issues of Online Voting

Foreign experience revealed that they are often confronted by security issues while the Voting
System is running. The origin of the security issues was due to not only outsider (such as voters
and attackers) but also insider (such as system developers and administrators), even just because
the inheritance of some objects in the source code are unsuitable. These errors caused the voting
system to crash.
The proposed solutions were correspondingly outlined to hold back these attacks. For example, to
avoid hacker making incursion into the voting system via network, we can design our system to
transmit data without network. Another example is to limit voter to input particular data, so that
we can prevent the command injection from running.
1.5 Objectives of the Project
The specific objectives of the project include:
1.Reviewing the existing/current voting process or approach in Organization ;
2.Coming up with an automated voting system in Organization;
3.Implementing a an automated/Voting System;
4.Validating the system to ensure that only legible voters are allowed to vote.
1.6 Scope of the Project
It is focused on studying the existing system of voting in and to make sure that the peoples vote is
counts, for fairness in the elective positions. This is also will produce:

 Less effort and less labor intensive, as the primary cost and focus primary on creating,
managing, and running a secure web voting portal.

 Increasing number of voters as individuals will find it easier and more convenient to vote,
especially those who are abroad having name on voter list.

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1.7 Features

 Require less number of staff during the election.

 This system is a lot easier to independently moderate the elections and subsequently reinforce
its transparency and fairness.

 Less capital, less effort, and less labor intensive, as the primary cost and effort will focus
primarily on creating, managing, and running a secure online portal.

 Increased number of voters as individual will find it easier and more convenient to vote,
especially those abroad.
1.8 Methodology/Procedure
1. For the development of project the designing of database was done on PHPMYADMIN, back
end was coded in basic PHP and for frontend we used the same basic PHP codes.

2.Software methodologies are concerned with the process of creating software – not so much the
technical side but the organizational aspects. Several software development approaches have been
used since the origin of information technology.
1.9 Project Framework
A framework is a standardized set of concepts, practices, and criteria for dealing with a common
type of problem, which can be used as a reference to help us approach and resolve new problems
of a similar nature.
The aim of framework is to provide a common structure so that developers don’t have to redo it
from scratch and can reuse the code provided. In this way, frameworks allows us to cut out much
of the work and save a lot of time.
1.10 Data and Information
Data collection plays an important role in a projects succession and also it plays an inevitable role
in the timely completion of the project. The data in the project includes contact information of the
clients and their respective feedbacks/complaints which is stored in a database. To assure safety,
only the admin has proper access to the information provided by the clients.
1.10.1 Primary Source of Data
Primary data are the first hand data. The necessary information was collected from day to day
observation, problems, instructions of supervisor. queries. and personal discussion with the staff
of the organization.

 Observation of working environment.

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 Informal discussion and interaction with the staff of the library department.

1.10.2 Secondary Source of Data

The Secondary sources of data were collected in order to achieve the real and fact data as far as
available. The major sources of secondary data are as follows:

 Annual reports of the concerned organization

 Related websites

1.11 Tools Used

 Xampp:
o Apache:

 (Application Server) Apache, often referred to as Server, is an open-source Java Servlet

Container developed by the Apache Software Foundation.
o MySQL Server:

 It handles large databases much faster than existing solutions.

 It consists of multi-threaded SQL server that supports different back ends, several different
client programs and libraries, administrative tools, and application programming interfaces
(APIs)

 Its connectivity, speed, and security make MySQL Server highly suited for accessing
databases on the Internet.
 Sublime Text 3.1.1- Sublime Text is a sophisticated text editor for code, markup and
prose. You'll love the slick user interface, extraordinary features and amazing
performance.
 Web browsers: Google Chrome, Mozilla Firefox, Opera and Internet Explorer.
 Git Hub: GitHub Inc. is a web-based hosting service for version control using Git. It is
mostly used for computer code. It offers all of the distributed version control and source
code management functionality of Git as well as adding its own features.
 1.12 Testing
 Testing is evaluation of the software against requirements gathered from users and
system specifications. Testing identifies important defects, flaws, or an error in the
application code that must be fixed. It also assesses the feature of a system. Testing
assesses the quality of the product.
 1.12.1 Unit Testing
 Unit testing refers to the testing certain functions and areas of the code. It gives the
ability to verify that all the functions work as expected. Eventually, it helps to identify

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 failures in the algorithms as well as logic to help improve the quality of the code that
composes a certain function.
 1.12.2 Integration Testing
 Integration testing is basically a logical extension of unit testing. In simple words, two
tested units are combined into a component and the interface between them is tested. It
identifies problems that occur when different units are combined the different modules of
this project have undergone integration testing while being merged.
 1.12.3 System Testing
 System testing tests the behavior of whole system as defined by the scope of the
development project. It might include tests based on risks as well as requirement
specifications, business process, use casesor other high level descriptions of system
behavior, interactions with the operating systems and system resources. It is most often
the final test performed to verify that the system meets the specification and its
objectives. System testing has been performed at the completion of each feature and is
still taking place to make improvements on the existing system

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CHAPTER II
TASK AND ACTIVITIES PERFORMED
2.1 System Analysis
System Analysis is a detailed study of the various operations performed by a system and their
relationships within and outside of the system. Here the key question is- why all problems exist in
the present system? What must be done to solve the problem? Analysis begins when a user or
manager begins a study of the program using existing system. During analysis, data collected on
the various files, decision points and transactions handled by the present system. The commonly
used tools in the system are Data Flow Diagram etc. Training, experience and common sense are
required for collection of relevant information needed to develop the system. The success of the
system depends largely on how clearly the problem is defined, thoroughly investigated and
properly carried out through the choice of solution. A good analysis model should provide not
only the mechanisms of problem understanding but also the frame work of the solution. Thus it
should be studied thoroughly by collecting data about the system. Then the proposed system
should be analyzed thoroughly in accordance with the needs. System analysis can be categorized
into four parts.

 System planning and initial investigation

 Information Gathering

 Applying analysis tools for structured analysis

 Feasibility study

 Cost/ Benefit analysis.

In our existing system the recording of user’s information is done manually, so taking more time
for searching the information of the users. Another major disadvantage is that preparing the list of
members that viewed any user’s information takes more time. So, after conducting the feasibility
study I decided to make the manual Voting System to be computerized.
2.2 Preliminary Analysis
In the analysis the scope of project and risk associated with it was investigated and found out that
Voting System is one of the most demanding software in the field of politics. It was learnt that
rather than using flexible and user-friendly computerized system, they are maintaining all their

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activities manually with wastage of valuable time. I tried to figured out that some employees
were using excel to enter their data. So, through research it was found that the development will
surely overcome the overall problems related with the cost and time
2.3 Problem Analysis
It is related with the accessing the detailed information of a user and a candidate. So, I have
initiated this project with simple requirements regarding the user and candidate information.
Some of the problems for designing and developing this project are discussed below:

2.3.1 Design and Development Problem

 Problem in running XAMPP.

 To debug the error during the development.

 To show a relationship between entity.

 Minor error with database table.

2.4 Feasibility Analysis

A feasibility analysis is conducted once the problem is clearly understood. The purpose of the
study is to determine whether the problem is worth solving. It is an analysis and evaluation of a
proposed project to determine if it is technically feasible, feasible with the estimated cost and
profitable.
2.4.1 EconomicalAnalysis
The economic feasibility of a system is used to evaluate the benefits achieved from and the costs
incurred for the project or system. This is done by a process called cost benefit analysis. It
provides tangible and intangible benefits like reduction in cost, more flexibility, faster activities,
proper database management, etc.
The application is medium scale application and is economically feasible for us to accomplish it.
This involves cost benefits analysis. Thus there is no problem of high cost and cost benefits
analysis.
2.4.2 Software Analysis

 Consumes a long-time for development of web application.

 Research and analysis cost to determine the actual need in real world.

 Implementation of application in the server and cost associated with the space in server.

2.4.3 Data Conversion

Another cost associated while implementing this web application is the data conversion. The
previously used software database must be stored and backup such that there will be no loss in

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implementing a new web application which consumes time as well as money.
2.4.4 Operational Feasibility
The system is operational feasible as the system can be operate by normal users with basic
computer skills without any additional trainings. We have developed this system with the
willingness and ability to create, manage and operate the system which is easy for the end users
to operate it

2.5 Use case Diagram

Above figure represents Use Case Diagram of the project and is a useful technique for
identifying, clarifying, and organizing system requirements. It describes how a user uses a system
to accomplish a particular goal. Use cases help ensure that the correct system is developed by
capturing the requirements from the user's point of view.
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2.6 Sequence Diagram
A sequence diagram is a type of interaction diagram because it describes how—and in what order
—a group of objects works together. A sequence diagram specifically focuses on lifelines, or the
processes and objects that live simultaneously, and the messages exchanged between them to
perform a function before the lifeline ends.

Above diagram represents Sequence Diagram of the project which is a type of interaction
diagram because it describes how—and in what order—a group of objects works together. A
sequence diagram specifically focuses on lifelines, or the processes and objects that live
simultaneously, and the messages exchanged between them to perform a function before the
lifeline ends.

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2.7 Data Flow Diagram

Figure 3: Dataflow Diagram

Above Data Flow Diagram, explains the overall structure of the system. It shows how and what
types of services the client chooses and the amount of admin interaction in it.

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2.8 Activity Diagram

Figure 4: Activity Diagram

Above diagram describes the flow of control of a system. The flow can be sequential, concurrent
or branched showing the overall functions of the system

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2.9 ER Diagram

Figure 5: ER Diagram
ER diagram show all the relationships between entity sets stored in the database. It illustrates
thelogical structure of the database. It helps to visualize how data is connected in general ways

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2.10 Gantt Chart

Figure 6: Gantt Chart

A Gantt chart illustrates how the project will run. It communicates with the client and shows
them the expected date of project completion. It helps you assess how long a project should take,
determine the resources needed, and plan the order in which you'll complete task

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2.11 Test Case

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A test case is a specification of the inputs, execution conditions, testing procedure, and expected
results that define a single test to be executed to achieve a particular software testing objective,
such as to exercise a particular program path or to verify compliance with a specific requirement

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2.12 Findings
After a series of testing and debugging, the project was ready for projection and is believed that
it will achieve the goals that it is designed to get, which is to vote in ease.
2.12.1 Application’s Output
2.12.1.1 Backend

Figure 7: Admin Login

Figure 8: Manage Admin

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 Figure 9: Manage Position

Figure 10: Manage Candidate

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 Figure 11: View Result

Figure 7: Member Login

Figure 13: Vote Candidate

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 Chapter III: CONCLUSION & DISCUSSION
3.1 Conclusion

This Voting System will manage the Voter’s information by which voter can login and use his voting
rights. The system will incorporate all features of voting system. It provides the tools for maintaining
voters vote to every party and it count total no of votes of every party

In this member who had registered his/her information on the database and when he/she want to vote
he/she has to login by his username and password and can vote to any candidate only single time.

Voting detail store in database and the result is displayed by calculation. By Voting System
percentageof voting is increases. It decreases the cost and time of voting process. It is very easy to use
and it is vary less time consuming. It is very easy to debug.

3.2 Future Enhancement

With the existing constraints, the developed systems is not what was planned initially. The primary
aim of this project has been met. All the objectives that were set out have been completed and giving
positive results in the ends. In the future some features that can be added will be about the two factor
authentication. Although the user requirements were successfully met the application is not yet fully
utilized because the users of this website are just learning about the benefits and working of the
website. The user testing and evaluation of the application did however highlight rooms for the
expansion. The application could therefore be developed further as soon as the user is fully aware of
its working

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 REFERENCE

 https://www.w3schools.com/php/default.asp

 https://www.youtube.com/c/codewithharry

 https://www.studenttutorials.com/php

 http://www.tizag.com/cssT/ (for CSS coding reference)

 http://www.bootstrap.com

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