Ambo University Information Technology 2007

Chapter One
1.1 Introduction

Ghion tour and travel operator is an emerging tour company that is pioneering a new and
professional way of tour operations in Ethiopia. Ghion tour and travel operator is engaged in a
wide range of tour operations that touches the most basic and far advanced aspects of tourism. Its
tour operations include cultural, historical, adventurous and many more. Ghion is a word from
the Bible; '' A river went out of Eden to water the garden, and from thence it was parted, and
became into four heads and the name of the second river is Ghion: this encompasses the whole
land of Ethiopia." Ghion is the majestic Abbay or commonly known as the Blue Nile with its
thunderous and misty falls. The Nile is blue and grand. Blue is a sign of peace. Peace is the very
fabric of GTT.Established in 2006, Ghion tour and travel operator Company continue to
maintain or exceed standards that are demanded by tourists all around the world. It employ well
trained and eager to serve staff, experienced language specific guides .they are a professionally
managed company that believes in sustainable, and enjoyable long-term relationships with all its
key stakeholders including employees, customers, local community members, and all the
companies that we work with.

The Online Tours and Travels website is useful for the customers who like to book the
Ticket online without going to booking office and dealing face to face. It provides the facility to
the customers or the users to have complete information about the Tours and Travels at one
place. This website is very dynamic and very easy to understand, the interface of the website is
very easy and anybody can easily work in our website, this website can provide all the
description about the packages and tours such as tour images, description and some important
information about the tours.

1.2 Project area description

Online Tours and Travels Project is web based application specially designed for travel agents to
book tickets through online and provide travels information. A tour and travel guide operators
one who provides the services of planning and organizing of a tour for its customers. People
travel from one place to another for spending vacations business
enhancement, education purpose, sightseeing, etc. and depend on tour operators for the
arrangement of their tours. The business of tour operators is a very rewarding option because of
the high returns and huge demand associated with it. However there is a lot of competition
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involved in the travel business. The online tours and travels website is also very useful because
the customer don’t have to visit to booking office, he can easily book his ticket via this website
and he can also pay the payment with two popular way of payment that is PayPal and the credit
card, so he can book ticket without any kind of harassment. To make this website work
successfully we have used some latest technology such as PHP as the Development Platform,
PHP frame work as the development and MYSQL as the Database Management environment.

1.3 Statement of the problem

 Customer can not able to get detail information about the place they want to visit
 Customer faced many problem due to absences of the website that they to get information
about their travel
 Customer faced many of problem related with finance
 Many of Ethiopian historical place hide from society for the reason of the lack of website
to release information of those historical place

1.4 Objective of the project

1.4.1 General objective of the system:
 The main objectives of this project are developing a dynamic website for Ghion tour and
travel guide Company.

1.4.2 Specific objective

 The objective of this system is to allow various passengers to register online for
travel depending on their proposed destination.
 The user can easily get idea as where to book the tickets and choose the
destination where they want to visit.
 The user easily understands about area and place to travel.
 The search task is made easy as one can search through travels place and city.

1.5 Significant of the project

 Due to online user registration of different tours and travel management. The
system itself expands its business.
 As user can view different tour and travel on internet they get better idea of
place and which place to book and choose the closest place to their desire area.
 In Tour & Travels system the client can get advantage as no more
advertisements are required as it puts up its advertisements on Internet.
 By searching through city and travels the user can get all details of their tour
planning and its related area just by sitting in their home using Internet.
 Client who is holding an account for booking detail can insert and delete its
category as well as all data easily through its profile editing.

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 Customer can get information about particular place

 Customer can get Information regarding hotels can also be obtained

1.6 Scope and limitation of the project

1.6.1 Scope of the project

Determination of the scope is the basic step of the development of the system and
therefore the understanding of the Organization and System is important things to
determining its scope.

 Tour planning and organizing services related to tour travel with leisure travel.
 As it is web based it will provide services in almost each and every city the world.
 It provide the most suitably designed as well as the customized travel packages to the
customers
 Enabling user to get better idea and information about historical place
 Enable customer to easily register for travel via in our dynamic website
 Enabling Customer to get information about particular place
 Enabling Customer to get Information regarding with hotels
 Guiding the passenger of their best rout of the destination
 Introduce the Ethiopian historical place

 Reduce the manual efforts to the maximum extent for all activities.
1.6.2 Limitation of the project

 Due to security for bank system we have not a permit ion on bank database so the
payment conducted on physically on the office .

• Element of Uncertainty: In the business of tour operators, everything does not fall into the
category of controllable factors. There is an element of uncertainty attached to various things in
the said business, for example uncertainty in the airline schedules, uncertainty in weather
conditions, uncertainty in government regulations, uncertainty in hotel room availability, etc.
This element of uncertainty comes brings with it a lot of constraints.

• Different interests of travelers: Travelers across the globe have varied interests. The level of
interest of travelers in visiting a particular location decides whether or not that location will
attract tourists. Thus the dependency on the level of interest of the travelers is another limitation
for the tour operators business.

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• Fluctuations in demand: The demand for visiting one or the other destination keeps fluctuating
depending upon various factors like weather conditions, effect of advertisements, price
associated with the travel, economic conditions. This fluctuation in demand affects the business
of a tour operator to a great extent.

1.7 Methodology
1.7.1 Document analysis

To have detailed awareness about our project we will use documents such as e-books and some
related previously done website which are very important to develop our project. During the
analysis of documents, we give a special consideration to those documents which can bring more
features to our system.
 Our methodology for collecting the data and fact finding is mostly on performing the
dogument analysis from some of the website wich provide the information releted to
travel guide system .

1.7.2. INTERVIEW
The other most important method that helps us to get most important and critical
information about the general view of the hotel is by interviewing manager of Leola
Ethiopia tour and travel Guide Company. how do they work currently? Have they any
computerized system?)

1.7.2 Information Exchange

Communicating within ourselves exposed us to the basic functionality to be executed

by our system. All of us got aware of our target to be met within the predefined
deadline. We set the milestones and baseline so that we could proceed with the
system development on schedule.

1.7.3 Requirement modelling

Requirement model can be considered in two ways:-

A) Requirement modelling for system analysis is conducted by:-

 Use case diagram
 Sequence diagram
 Class diagram
 Activity diagram… Those diagrams can be used in the system
analysis requirement model for our projects.
B) Requirement model for the design

After analysing the design model is conducted by:-

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 Deployment diagram
 Component diagram
 State machine diagram
 Collaboration diagram
 Refined class diagram… Those diagrams are used in designing requirement model for
our project.

1.8 Development Tools

Hardware tool:

 Computer
 CD /DVD

 Flash disc

Software TOOLS

 XAMPP soft ware

 Ms Visio 2008
 Ms word 2010
 Notepad++
 Different browsers (e.g. Mozilla Firefox, Google Chrome and Internet explorer)

OS : Windows 7

Front end : PHP 5.3.5

Back End : MYSQL 5.3.8

Client Side Tool

 Web browser
 Internet Explorer 6.6, Mozilla Firefox 1.5 it may be use any web
browser
 Microsoft Windows 7

Server side Tools

 XAMPP soft ware

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PHP
 Definition: PHP is a Widely-used general-purpose scripting language that is
especially for development and can be embedded into HTML.
 The PHP (Hypertext Processor) Allows web developers to create dynamic content
that interacts with database.
 PHP Stands for : Hypertext Preprocessor
 PHP is server-side scripting language.
 PHP scripting is executed on server.
 PHP is free to download and use.
 PHP is open source.
 Reasons for use PHP:

 PHP runs on different platforms (Window, UNIX, Linux, etc).

 PHP is compatible with almost all servers used today (Apache, IIs, etc).
 PHP is Free to DOWNLODE from the official PHP resources:
 PHP is easy to learn and runs efficiently on the server side.
 PHP can be run on all major operating system with most server
 MYSQL:-

‘MYSQL’ is a database management system. A database is a structured collection of a data. It

may be anything from a simple shopping list to a picture gallery or the vast amount of
information in the corporate network. To add, access, and process data store in a computer
database.

 Reasen to use MYSQL database server:

The ‘MYSQL’ database server is very fast, reliable and easy to use.

 MYSQL is ideal for both small and large application.

 MYSQL support standard SQL.
 MYSQL complies on a number of platforms.
 MYSQL is free to download and use.

1.9 Project budget

1.9.1 Hardware development cost

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Since the system is developed for online tour and travel guide purpose, The University covers
some of the hardware expenses. Example: dell computer

Miscellaneous Cost

The following table lists the different miscellanies costs that we spent in the process of the
development of the system.

Material Amount Price

Printing 50 pages 40 Birr

Pen 5 17.50 Birr

Flash disk 5 600 Birr

Transportation and other 600 birr

service during data
collection

Laptop 1 1300 birr

CD 2 16 Birr

Other 2000 Birr

Total 5360 Birr

Table 1.2 Miscellanies Costs

1.9.2 Software development cost

For this particular project we will be using different software but the software is provided by the
university.

Software Description Price

Microsoft windows XP by the university

Microsoft office by the university

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Apache Xampp Free down load

Microsoft Visio by the university

Total 0.00birr

1.10 PROJECT SCHEDULE

Time evaluation is the most important consideration in the development of any project. The
time schedule required for the development of this project is very important since more
development time affect effort, cost and cause delaying development of other system. A
reliable Inventory management system developed in considerable amount of time.
The total time needed to develop this project is approximately 2345 hours per person in
seven months with the assumption we planned to spend 77 hours person per week and the
project is completed in approximately seven months. The dedicated project duration is listed
in the following table:

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1.11 Organization
1.11.1 TEAM COMPOSITION
Project organization means the way the project developer or system developer communicate
each other in case to exchange or share information. And also this is known by the name of the
team organization. This method of communication can be categorized into three .those are

 Centralized
 Decentralized
 Mixed control team organization.

Among the three team organization types we selected the decentralized team organization to
develop our project. Because

 Our team member found on the same level of knowledge stage

 We have equal professions on the on our project (knowledge, programming
skill,expriance)
 We believe this method is strongly important to work our project

The team that develops the project consists of five persons. The team members meet in daily
bases to discuses about the project, and to asses where each member is on his prospective task in
reference to the schedule. The time composition or work breakdown is shown in the following
table.

Team members Tasks

All Analysis/ Requirement Gathering

All Implementation

All Design/Testing

All Requirement Gathering/Testing

Table 1.1 team composition

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Chapter two
2. Analysis

2.0 Introduction

This chapter contains the requirements of the system and the problem that we are going to
solve. This phase is broad and contains many diverse activities and tasks that are extremely
important to the overall success of the organization .This phase includes requirement analysis,
current system description, problem analysis and user need, requirement modeling ,system
analysis, alternative solution, feasibility analysis, proposed system description and Analysis
modeling.

2.1 Major function of the current system

The current system of Ghion tour and travel guide service is manual system. It means customers
come to the organization registered and make a payment.

2.2 Problem analysis definition

Manual system is not secured because of the document is paper based; the document is lost or
damaged. If the documents are lost, damaged or theft by other person leads to endangers the
customers .this means customer information are lost. Even the organization also endangers by
the cause of left their communication with the organization.
Customer must go to the organization from anywhere. So this system consumes time and money.
If traveler wants to tack part the departure they must go to the organization, they may use a
transport like taxi, this causes for extravagance of time and money.

2.3 User needs

When the uses come to the users’ requirement first of all users are travel operator, passenger,
webmaster. All thus are needs effective and efficient access within time, within minimum cost.

 When come to passenger need. They need to reduce cost by tacking best rout
of their destination. And they need to know detail information about their
destination online or their travel guide.
 Finally the organization needs all the above effective activities to facilitate
tour processes as scheduled.

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2.4 Requirement analysis of the existing system

Requirement analysis is a process used by system analyst to analyze and identify the system
problems and solutions requirement provide by the users of the system. Requirement analysis is
done in order to acquire a complete and in depth knowledge of the business system. It helps for
as to split complex requirements into smaller units that can be clearly defined and reviewed. To
take part the tour, the passenger must fulfill their requirement, they should fill passenger
registration form. Traveler first get full information about their destination by their travel
operator or the website.

2.4.1 Requirement modelling

Requirement model can be considered in two ways:-

C) Requirement modelling for system analysis is conducted by:-

 Use case diagram
 Sequence diagram
 Class diagram
 Activity diagram… Those diagrams can be used in the system
analysis requirement model for our projects.
D) Requirement model for the design

After analysing the design model is conducted by:-

 Deployment diagram
 Component diagram
 State machine diagram
 Collaboration diagram
 Refined class diagram… Those diagrams are used in designing requirement model for
our project.

2.4.2 The supplementary specification

 The system GUI should be consistent with all programs (browsers).
 All the icons and buttons used in the program should be consistent throughout the
program.
 The GUI should be easily customizable.
 The GUI should be easily understandable.
 The systems in general have a good graphical user interface that enables the users to
Use it easily and in efficient manner.

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2.5 Alternative solution

The existing tour and travel guide system in the company is paper based, time consuming, less
flexible. The chance of loss of passenger records is high and also passenger face many problems.
Maintenance of the system is also very difficult and takes lot of time. tour Processing is slow due
to paper work and requirement of tour operator . To solve these problems they required a
computerized system, which is used as a core alternative solution to handle all the works. This
alternative solution is the system we are going to develop that will provide a working
environment that will be flexible and will provide ease of work and will reduce the time for tour
process and other paper works.

2.5.1 Proposed system

Based on the above problem of the current system as we mentioned, our proposed system will
perform the following.

 Developing web based tour and travel guide system.

 Developing web based booking ticket system.
 The above two solutions are help to increase performance (time save, security, and
reduce costs).

2.6 Feasibility of the system

Feasibility study is carried out when there is a complex problem or opportunity. It is
considered as the primary investigation which emphasizes on “Look before You Loop”
approach to any project.

A Feasibility study is undertaken to determine the possibility of either improving the

existing system or developing a completely new system.

2.6.1 Technical Feasibility Study:

In this type of study the current technology in used in an organization is checked

such as the existing software, hardware, and personnel staff to determine whether it
will work for the proposed system or completely new ones is to be used.

 The technology that was important in developing a new system such as

Development tools, back-end database system were available from within the
organization.
 The proposed system is capable of adding, changing, enhancing the
functionality, features etc.
 The proposed system is capable of handling large storage of data.
 The back-end and front-end technology has greater important for providing an
accurate, error-free, frequencies of data to be used.

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2.6.2 Economic Feasibility Study:

For proving that system developed is economical, the economic feasibility study takes
place to check the cost of developing a system against the benefits that it provides. If the
cost are less and benefits are more than we can define our system to be economically
developed.

 User save time in searching for a particular product to be purchased by simply

few mouse clicks.
 The registration processing is more speedier than the registered manually
 The saving of papers as all data are stored computerized.
 The record is of free of human errors as there is less chance of mistakes.

The above benefits are in terms of saving time, minimize errors and provide efficiency in
work done.

2.6.3 Operational Feasibility Study:

The operational feasibility is concerned with the operability of the system after it has
been installed. That is, some programmer may not like changes in their routine method of
work or has fear that they will lose their peer group.

The following areas will have the operational feasibility in the proposed project:

 The organization has approved this system as their working system.

 The User of the system has accepted the proposed system as their new working
system and realized the benefits of it.
 The system will work in a proper way after it has been installed and the
installation process is easy to use.

2.6.4 Schedule feasibility

Time evaluation is the most important consideration in the development of project. Thetime
schedule required for the developed of this project is very important since moredevelopment
time effect machine time, cost and cause delay in the development ofother systems.

2.7 Requirement analysis for the new system

2.7.1 Functional requirements
The new system should provide the following functional requirements.

 Allows the end user to search the best destination place information and get detail
information about a particular place.
 Allows the customer to register without going to the organization office..
 Allows the webmaster update the webpage .teacher to add, delete and edit the students
result.

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 Allows the admin to manage overall activities of the organization.

2.7.2 Nonfunctional requirement

A Non-Functional Requirement is usually some form of constraint or restriction that must be
considered when designing the solution. Such as:

Hardware Consideration

The new system is a client-server system it will be installed on the server. And in the most
client server systems there is a dedicated server which responds to the different requests of
the clients from different locations, which might also have their own hardware specifications.
In addition to the above points the hardware requirements also depends on the requirements of
the Programming Language, Database Language selected and also the networking environment
used. The system that we develop is accessed in the web and it is platform independent, so it
can be accessed in different platform, therefore we do not need any hardware to implement.
User interface: the system interface that will be developed must be interactive and easily
understandable.

Hardware Interfaces

Server side hardware

 Hardware recommended by all the software needed.

 RAM: 256 Mb or more

 Hard Drive: 10 GB or more

 Communication hardware to serve client requests

Software Interface

Server side software

 Web server software, Apache TomcatxampServer or xamp server.

 Server side scripting tools: PHP

 Database tools: MYSQL DBMS.

 Compatible operating system: Windows

Client side software

Web browser supporting JavaScript

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Response time: the response time of the system should be short

Security Issues

Security of the system must be given the outmost consideration in a database intensive system.
This document is defined to serve all application parts, to make authentication of users and
authorization on and incorporate functionality that the system need to have:
 All the system must be secured: user must be able to give right or deny for all user based
on his or her position by the administration of the system.
 The system has session control: when the user registered once the system can save the
user data.
Updating, retrieving of information must be only for the manager of the company and some
travel operator.

Performance Characteristics

The new system minimizes the work load of the employers and also it minimizes wastage of time
by facilitate services in understandable way and also its effectiveness is very high because the
newly developed system helps users to use or access the information and book ticket at a time in
anywhere . So that, the new system compatibility and effectiveness is unambiguous. And also the
new system uses apache server, so the process speed is fast.

2.8 Actors and use case identification

2.8.1 Actors identification
1. Administrator:

o Administrator is the super-user of the system

o He / She control the overall system as they possess all rights of system.
o He / She has all the details of the authenticated user / client
o He / She can change the password and other details related to a system.
o He / She manages all the information of their all customers through databases
o He / She can view, reply the feedback and inquiries that has been posted by their
clients as they are the super users and possess all rights required for managing the
system.

2. Web masters:-

o Administering the company website

o Modifying updating the webpage
o Watching the customer e-mail
o Posting the newly arrival event

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3. Customers:-

o Fill form for tour package

o View schedule ,information
o Search company website for best destination, hotel information ,best rout and
transportation information

4. Travel operator

o Give information for the new passengers

o Arranging and organizing the departure
o Checking the customer registration for travel
o Directly contact the passenger through contact module for any difficulty and help
through contact number.

2.8.2 Use case identification

 Add, delete package
 Watching customer email
 Arranging and organizing tour
 View, info, image, schedule
 Register user

Importance of use case diagram

The technical definition of a use case is that it is a description of a system’s behavior or a

particular scenario in which a system responds to an external request that originates. An
example of an external request is a user input. Basically, a use case is helpful to
understand the system from the end-user who is ultimately to actually use the system’s
point of view. Use cases help to specify and explain the interaction between the actors
and the system. Use case diagram is a diagram that shows the relationship among actors
and use case within a system.

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2.9 Essential use case diagram and its description

Use Case Diagram represents user requirements gathered during requirement elicitation,
contains use case, actors, system boundary and their relationships. Use Case diagram of our
system is shown as follows with respective description.

2.9.1 Use case Diagram of the system

The purpose of use case diagram is to identify the user or how the user interact with the new
system, in other words to identify how the system will be used. The use case diagram is
graphical model that summaries the information about actor and use case.

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Fig1: use case diagram

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Use case diagram documentation and form.

Name Login
Actor(s) Admin,Webmaster, customer,travloperater

Description Used for security, retrieve information as they

want.
pre-condition They should have web address, account.

Post condition The system will open and retrieve necessary

info.
Basic course of action Actor action System response
Step1: owner and Step 2:system should
manager should validate the password
enter password and and user name to access
user name to Step4: travel operator
access and update enters the web
everything. address& account to
Step3:customer retrieve customer
enters the web wants.
address to register System validates the
and send customer account.
Alternate course action If the password and username and web
address is not correct there is no access

Table2:1 Description for log in

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Use case name Update

Actor Admin, webmaster
Description To add or modify about customer travel,
overall service of the company.
Precondition They should enter valid password and user
name
Post condition The system displays the data to update.
Basic course of action Owner: Manager:
Enter the password Enter the password to
to update in the data update and go to the
for better service. data.
Alternate course of action If there is invalid password and user name
they can’t access to update
Table2:2 Description for update

Use case name Register

Actor(s) Customer
Description In order to book ticket online.
Precondition Customer is accessing the online tour and
travel guide system website via Internet.
Post condition Customer receives a confirmation message
informing him successful registration from the
system.

Basic course of action 1. Customer requests for ticket

availability.
2. System receives the request and sends
the registration form to customer if
ticket is available.
3. Customer completes the form and click
at proceed button.
4. System verifies the information in the
form, check the validity of the
information. if the information is not
valid, e.g. if there is missing of address
the system will send a message to enter
full information

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Alternate course action 1. User select a duplicated username or

invalid address or miss some
information in registration form:
a. System will send a notification
to user.
2. User clicks cancel or close webpage:
System terminates the connection with user
due to some errors.
Table2:3 Description for register

Use case name Feedback

Actor(s) Webmaster
Description For responding the customer request
giving suggestion.
Precondition Webmaster fills the Feedback form.
Post condition Webmaster has received a message, a
comment from the system.
Basic course of action Webmaster clicks the send button.
System receive request and send the
feedback form to customer.
He/she fills the feedback form and
submits.
System receives feedback form.
System sends thank you message to
customer.

Alternate course action webmaster clicks cancel button or close

the webpage: System will terminates .
Table2:4 Description for feedback

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Name Search info

Actors Customer
Description To search necessary information
Precondition Inter the web address
Post condition The web page should be displayed
The system should display the necessary
Basic course of action information that is free use for users.
Alternate course of action If it needs permission, there is notice message
Table2:8Description for search info

Name Change password

Actor(s) Manager

Description To change password for security purpose.

pre condition Manager should have an authority and have his
own login password.
Post condition The system should confirm the password and then
open the update interface.
Basic course of action Manager enters the security password and
update or change the password.
Alternate course action If there is error password the system displays
message to the actor (manager).
Table2:10 Description for change password

2.10 User interface identification

Every web website has two parts static and dynamic. Most of the pages are documentations or
static pages but there are also dynamics pages.in general this website includes css, JavaScript,
php, and MySQL the interface is no direct login page but one user directly enters into the home
page then if he or she wants to gather other information he/she can login to secure part.

Home Page

All user firstly can get the home page .This page consists of about as, reserve car page, view
car page, contact as page ,rule page, help page, comment page and login page .the user can see
this pages and select their needs and continues to next session.

Login Page

The home page consists the login page and there is a privilege to use, that is the manager and the
webmaster use the login page to pass for their home page. The login page contains user name
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and password especially the password is uniquely identified by the login page .the home page of
the travel operator is different from the manager homepage.

Manager Page

In manager home page also there is vehicle page, employee page, customer page and account
page. This page helps to the manager to access the system it is different from the employee by
generate the tour report.

2.11 Activity diagram

Activity diagram are graphical representation of work flows of stepwise architecture and action
with support for choice iteration and concurrency. In unified modeling language, activity
diagram can be used to describe the business and operational step by step work flows of the
system. An activity diagram shows the overall flow of control.
Log in to the system

Fill Username and

Incorrect

If user name
and

Correct

Login in the
system

Fig 2.1: activity diagram for login

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Fig2.2: Activity diagram for admin

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Fig2.3: activity diagram for passenger register

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Fig2.4: Activity diagram for operator

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Fig2.5: Activity diagram for hotel info

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Fig 2.6: Activity diagram for customer

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2.12 Sequence diagram

Sequence diagrams show a detailed flow for a specific use case or even just part of a specific use
case. They are almost self-explanatory; they show the calls between the different objects in their
sequence and can show, at a detailed level, different calls to different objects.

Fig 2.7: Sequence diagram for update the webpage

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Fig2.8: Sequence Diagram for login

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Fig 2.9: Sequence Diagram for Client

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Fig2.10 Sequence Diagram for customer registration

2.13 Class diagram

A class is presentation of an object and in many ways; it is simple template from which object
are created. Classes from the main building block of an object oriented application. Class model
shows the class of the system, their interrelationship (including inheritance, aggregate and
association) and the operation and the attribute of the class

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Fig2.11 Sequence Diagram for customer registration

Chapter three

Interaction (dynamic, model) diagram

3.1 Collaboration/communication diagram

Collaboration diagrams are interaction digrams.They conveys the same information as sequence
diagrams, but they focus on object roles instead of the items that messages are sent. The primary use of
collaboration diagram is to quickly gate an over view of all of the objects that collaborate to support a
given scenario

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Fig 2.12: collaboration diagram for booking ticket

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Fig3.1: collaboration diagram for request tour information

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3.2 STATE CHART DIAGRAM

In this part the team used to model the behaviors of the objects by drawing the state diagram.
The state diagram depicts the state of objects as their attributes change from one state to the other
state. State chart modeling is used to show the sequence of states that an object goes through, the
events that cause the transition from one state to the other and the actions that result from a state
change. The following figure shows the modeling of the system.State chart diagram describes an
object as it passes through different states The admin object has the following identified states as
shown in figure below:-

 Admin being in the state of initiating the machine.

 Admin being opening the pages and checking the customer registration.
 Admin performs giving feedback and update the packages.

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Fig3.2: State chart diagram for admin

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The webmaster object has the following identified states as shown in Figure below:-

 Webmaster creates account.

 Webmaster accessed all information.
 Webmaster gives feedback and update web pages.

Fig3.3: State chart diagram for webmaster

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3.3 Component diagram

A component diagram provides a physical view of the system. Its purpose is to show the
dependencies that the software has on the other software components (e.g., software libraries) in
the system.

A component is a physical, replaceable part that conforms to and provides the realization of a set
of interfaces.

Fig3.4: Sequence Diagram for customer registration

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3.4 Deployment diagram

DEPLOYMENT MODELING

Deployment modeling is used to show software that is installed in the hardware and also the
middleware that is used to connect the disparate machines to one and other. It also shows how
the software and the hardware components work to gather.

Fig3.5: Refined class diagram model

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3.5 User interface flow diagram

3.5.1 Home page interface

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3.5.2 admin home page

3.5.User login page interface

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3.5.1 web master Home page interface

3.5.4 passenger home page interface

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References
1. Project Management Institute (2004), “Guide to the Project Management Body of
Knowledge”, third edition, PMI press.
2. Software Engineering (2009), “A Practitioner’s Approach”, Seventh Edition, Roger S.
Pressman, Ph.D.
3. Software Engineering for Students (2005), “A Programming Approach”, Fourth
Edition, Douglas Bell.

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