International Journal of Advanced Engineering Research and

Science (IJAERS)
Peer-Reviewed Journal
ISSN: 2349-6495(P) | 2456-1908(O)
Vol-11, Issue-3; Mar, 2024
Journal Home Page Available: https://ijaers.com/
Article DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.22161/ijaers.113.1

Analysis of mainstay discharge in the Way Batumerah

Watershed for annual water allocation plans
Godfried Lewakabessy, Obednego D. Nara

Department of Civil Engineering Ambon State Polytechnic

Received: 15 Jan 2024, Abstract— This water shortage has caused drought disasters whose
Receive in revised form: 01 Mar 2024, impact is felt both in rural areas in decreasing food production and in
urban areas experiencing raw water difficulties. In the implementation of
Accepted: 08 Mar 2024,
the "Water Allocation Preparation" activity, several technical approaches
Available online: 15 Mar 2024 will be carried out including: Data Collection; Data Analysis;
©2024 The Author(s). Published by AI Prioritization of water users; Calculation of water balance; Calculation
Publication. This is an open access article of water allocation plan; and Implementation, Monitoring and Evaluation
under the CC BY license of the Implementation of the Annual Water Allocation Plan. In the
(https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) watershed of Way Batumerah, the intake area has a watershed area of 6.97
Km2 where the Batumerah Intake; Sedimentation occurs in the distribution
Keywords— Raw Water, Water Allocation,
pipe; There are two villages that are drained by intakes; There are
Mainstay Discharge, Maintenance Flow.
community channels around the intake; and During the dry season, water
is not enough to meet the needs of the community.The availability of water
in the Batumerah River can be calculated in a period of half a month. In
wet year conditions, the largest mainstay discharge (Q30%) of 1.83 m 3 /s
occurred in October II. In normal year conditions, the largest mainstay
discharge (Q50%) was obtained at 0.89 m3/s in September II. In dry years,
the largest mainstay discharge (Q80%) was obtained at 0.35 m3/s in June
I. The calculation of maintenance flow needs must follow KP 02/2013
which is 5% of the existing discharge in the relevant period or Q95
according to SE Director General of Natural Resources 05/2016.The
water allocation unit and allocation limit for PDAMs in the Batumerah
watershed are assumed to be in accordance with the value of PDAM's
water needs for the dry condition half-month, which is 0.105 m3/s.
However, in certain months there is a deficit, so PDAM's water demand is
the result of reducing water availability with minimum maintenance flow
needs (0.001 m3/s). Water use priority is a policy that regulates the order
of water allocation based on applicable laws and regulations.

I. INTRODUCTION generally occurs in the rainy season, and often causes

Water is the source of life for humans and other living floods; 2) Too dirty water, that is, water pollution, occurs
things. The nature of water is very different compared to mostly due to industrial, household and agricultural waste;
other resources, because water is a flowing resource, knows and 3) Too little water. This water shortage has caused
no administrative boundaries, and its needs depend on time, drought disasters whose impact is felt both in rural areas in
space, quantity and quality. Water problems can be broadly decreasing food production and in urban areas experiencing
divided into three categories, namely: 1) Too much water, raw water difficulties. This also creates conflicts of interest
between water users, as has often happened in the dry

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Lewakabessy and Nara International Journal of Advanced Engineering Research and Science, 11(3)-2024

season. With the increasing population and the development

of socio-economic life of the community, it will also cause
an increase in the need for water. This will cause water to
increasingly become a scarce item at certain times for some
locations that are prone to water shortages. This conflict of
interest for water, which was originally only between
individuals or community groups using water, with the
spirit of decentralization and regional autonomy is feared to
have the potential to escalate local conflicts into unwanted
conflicts between districts / cities. Water allocation is a
series of actions, which include: actions to regulate water
rations/quotas in accordance with the type of water use,
efforts to always be able to meet the amount and quality of
water in accordance with the rights guaranteed by the state.
The basic needs of daily life and people's agricultural Fig.1 Water Allocation System according to WWF (2007)
business in the irrigation system are the top priority, as well
as the rights of other water users obtained based on water
2.2 Basic principles of Water Allocation
use permits, where the amount / volume of water that can
be taken from a network of water sources for business Water allocation is the process of rationing water for
purposes has been determined. By allocating water, it is various types of uses whose amount is adjusted to the
hoped that it can prevent violations that can result in availability of water contained in a source / location, and in
interference with the human rights of other people or accordance with Law No.11/1974, article 11 paragraph 1.
parties. In accordance with the development of water allocation
management, water allocation planning must be
comprehensive from upstream to downstream and based on
II. LITERATURE REVIEW river basins (WS) or at least on a watershed scale, and with
2.1 Water Allocation System the basic principles of water allocation management must
be based on PUPR Regulation No. 06 / PRT / M / 2015,
Effective water allocation requires an approach that can be
article 9 namely in allocating water and water sources for
applied to three key areas: 1) policies and regulations, 2)
water resources infrastructure operations must be carried
management strategies, and 3) institutional capacity.
out based on the principles of: a. prioritizing the allocation
Policies and regulations constitute the legal framework for
of water for the fulfillment of basic daily needs and
water allocation. Management strategies include plans,
irrigation for people's agriculture in the existing irrigation
tools, methodologies, processes, and approaches to
system; b. maintain the continuity of water allocation for
implement legal and policy frameworks. While institutional
other existing water users; c. pay attention to the allocation
capacity is the ability of organizations and stakeholders in
of water to meet basic daily needs for residents who live
shaping policies and strategies (WWF, 2007). These three
near water sources and / or around water-carrying networks.
elements determine the functioning of the water allocation
system and the protection of related resources in the Planning water allocation at the watershed level or
watershed. If one of the three elements is inconsistent with watershed level is a comprehensive effort that
the other two, then the implementation of the system will be Based on policies that aim to uphold the following five
dangerous. Without a policy level, there will be no clear principles:
legal understanding of water use. Without a good
1) Justice; i.e. allocating water fairly and proportionately
management strategy, the implementation of laws to
among type groups use, justice between administrative
achieve sustainable water allocation will experience
regions, and justice between upstream and downstream
obstacles. Without institutional capabilities, the
regions.
implementation of water allocation will be weak. To be able
2) Environmental protection; That is to allocate a certain
to implement a fair and sustainable allocation of water
amount of fresh water for needs ecosystem and
requires intervention from one or more of the above aspects.
including to accommodate the needs of sediment
transport, water recharge soil, waste decomposition and
ecosystem sustainability in estuaries.
3) Development priorities; allocate water to support
development needs economic and social, among others,

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Lewakabessy and Nara International Journal of Advanced Engineering Research and Science, 11(3)-2024

to support strategic priorities and protect dependencies a year, but does not provide information about how reliable
of existing needs. debits are. A number that shows the variability of water
4) Balance between water supply and demand; i.e. availability as well as shows how much reliable discharge
balancing the water supply with dynamic needs is the mainstay discharge.
demands, especially to manage variability natural 2.5 Mainstay Debit
supply of water, and to avoid or prevent frequent water
A mainstay discharge is a discharge that can be relied upon
deficits.
for a certain level of reliability or reliability. For irrigation
5) Unexpected.Promote efficient use of water; i.e. promote
purposes, mainstay discharge with 80% reliability is usually
continuously to water users so that they are moved and
used as stipulated in the Irrigation Planning Criteria
able to take initiatives to make efficiency in water use
(Directorate General of Irrigation, 1985). This means that
2.3 Preparation for Water Allocation with an 80% chance that the discharge that occurs is greater
Division of Government Affairs field of public works and or equal to the discharge, or in other words the irrigation
spatial planning, sub affairs: Water Resources, then the system can fail once in five years. For drinking water
authority in purposes and industry, higher reliability is required, which
The arrangement/management of water allocation activities is around 90% to 95%. If river water is used for
is as follows: hydroelectric power generation, it requires very high
reliability, which is between 95% to 99% (Goodman, 1984).
1. Water sources located in river basins whose
management authority is located 2.6 Household and Urban Water Needs
2. on Government implemented by the Directorate General Household and urban water needs (domestic and municipal)
of Water Resources of the Ministry Public Works and are often referred to as raw water if the water has not been
Public Housing through BBWS/BWS and/or Legal treated, and clean water or drinking water if the water has
Entities. been treated using a Water Treatment Plant. This need is
3. Water sources located in river areas whose management very important to always be met, because failure to meet
authority is located in the Provincial Government is household and urban water needs can cause disease
carried out by the BPSDA WS concerned. outbreaks and public unrest. The amount of water demand
4. Water sources located in river areas whose management depends on the population, consumption patterns that are in
authority is on: The Regency/City Government is line with the increase in welfare levels, and the size of the
implemented by SKPD formed by the Government The city, or village which can be assumed to depend on the
District/City concerned population.
2.7 Industrial Water Requirements
2.4 Water Availability and Demand Industrial water requirements are generally constant relative
Water availability basically consists of three forms, namely to time. With the increase in industry, so does the need for
rainwater, surface water, and groundwater. The main water industrial water. Industrial water demand surveys are
source in water allocation management is surface water needed to determine the average water use in certain types
sources in the form of water in rivers, channels, lakes, and of industries. This index number can then be related to the
other reservoirs. The use of groundwater is in fact very size of the industry, for example through the number of
helpful in meeting the needs of raw water and irrigation products produced, or the number of labor. For industries
water in areas that are difficult to get surface water, but its located in an industrial area, a rough estimate of water needs
sustainability needs to be maintained with controlled intake per hectare can be used between 0.5 to 2 liters / s.
under safe yield. In water allocation management, rainwater 2.8 Agricultural Water Requirements
contributes to reducing the need for irrigation water, namely
In water allocation management in river basins, irrigation
in the form of effective rain. In some areas with inadequate
water demand data can be obtained from river basin
surface water quality, rain harvesting is carried out, where
managers, such as the District/City Irrigation Public Works
rainwater is collected into a source of water for domestic
Office (DPUP), or the Provincial Water Resources Office,
use.
or River Basin Centers and Halls, as input for water
To express water availability using only a number, the allocation management. The amount of irrigation water
number is the average of existing discharge data. This demand in this field can be checked with the help of a
method does not provide information about data variability. computer model to calculate irrigation water needs, based
Presenting data as 12 numbers that express a monthly on parameters that influence, including planting patterns
average provides more information about data variability in and schedules, effective rainfall, percolation, efficiency,

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 Lewakabessy and Nara International Journal of Advanced Engineering Research and Science, 11(3)-2024

groups, and so on based on KP01 irrigation network Seram River Basin is included in three regencies and one
planning criteria from the Directorate General of Irrigation city, namely Central Maluku Regency, West Seram, East
(1985). Water requirements in rice fields depend on factors: Seram and Ambon City.The topographic data used in this
land preparation, consumptive use, percolation and seepage, study was generated through digital data in the form of a
water layer change, effective rainfall, and irrigation Digital Elevation Map (DEM).
efficiency. Water needs in this rice field can be expressed in Data taken from SRTM (Shuttle Radar Topography
units of mm / day or liter / s / ha. Mission) satellite captures. which can be accessed openly
2.9 Water Requirements for Maintenance Flow through the USGS (Unites States Geological Survey) on
Based on Government Regulation Number 38 of 2011 https://earthexplorer.usgs.gov/ online site. DEM can be
concerning Rivers, the amount of river maintenance flow is accessed in raster form in GeoTiff format with the accuracy
the mainstay discharge of 95%. The amount of river of the data taken is 1 arc second or 30 m. In this study, the
maintenance flow is equivalent to 20 years of dry discharge, object of analysis is in the Way Batumerah watershed.
a relatively small number, but in river areas with maximum
resource utilization is considered to cause conflicts of
interest with other water users. The following discussion is
about how river maintenance flows in various countries are
calculated and applied.

III. METHODOLOGY
In the implementation of the "Water Allocation
Fig.3 Ambon-Seram WS Administrative Region
Preparation" activity, several technical approaches will be
carried out including: Systematically the technical approach
and activities to be carried out for the work of "Water 4.2 Batumerah Watershed
Allocation Preparation", can be seen in the Work The Batumerah watershed is located in Ambon City and
Implementation Flow Chart in Figure 2 covers Sirimau District. Geographically, Batumerah
Star
watershed is located at 3°42'21.204"S - 3°40'37.425"S and
128°10'57.66"E - 128°13'28.693"E. The total area of the
Data Collection
watershed is 6.97 km2. The Batumerah watershed area is
shown on Figure 4.

Data on water Water

Water availability
allocation Requirement Model setup data
data
preparation Data

Data analysis

Determination of water
use priorities

Preparation of water
allocation plans

Water allocation usage

plan report

Finish

Fig.2 Research Flow Chart

IV. DISCUSSION OF RESULTS

4.1 Ambon-Seram WS Administrative Region Fig.4 Batumerah watershed

Water resources management in the Ambon-Seram River

Basin is carried out within the administrative area of the
Maluku Provincial government. Administratively, Ambon

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4.3 Water Needs Retrieval Building From the modeling results, daily discharge data in a span of
Human use of water can basically be divided into water 11 years is shown in Graph 5 comparison of the results of
extraction and on-site use. In the Way Batumerah discharge modeling and rainfall data. From the comparison
watershed, the intake area has a watershed area of 6.97 km2 results, a fairly good correlation was obtained visually
where Batumerah Intake; between rainfall and surface flow.

• Sedimentation occurs in the distribution pipe;

• There are two villages that are drained by intakes;
• There are community channels around the intake; and
• During the dry season, water is not enough to meet the
needs of the community.
4.4 Water balance plan
In hydrological calculations, rain data is needed
provided by rainfall posts around the study area. In the
Batumerah watershed, there is one nearby rainfall post,
namely the Telaga Kodok rainfall post and the IAIN Fig.5 Comparison of Discharge and Rainfall in
Rainfall Post. Due to the lack of data on the rainfall post Batumerah Watershed
network in Maluku Province, the amount of hydrological
and climatological data is very limited. Therefore, the data
The availability of water in the Batumerah River can be
at the rainfall post is filled with satellite rainfall data Global
calculated in a period of half a month as shown in Table 2
Precipitation Mission (GPM) GPM is a satellite rainfall and
Half-Month Mainstay Discharge in Batumerah Watershed .
snow calculation project by NASA and JAXA. Through
In wet year conditions, the largest mainstay discharge
GPM Core Observatory will be received from two types of
(Q30%) of 1.83 m3 / second occurred in October II. In
satellites, namely GPM Microwave Imager (GMI) and
normal year conditions, the largest mainstay discharge
Dual-frequency Precipitation Radar (DPR).
(Q50%) of 0.89 m was obtained3/sec in September II. In dry
The availability of water in the Batumerah watershed is a years, the largest mainstay discharge (Q80%) of 0.35 m 3/s
discharge that can be provided by the Batumerah River to was obtained in June I. The graph of the mainstay discharge
meet water needs in the Batumerah watershed. The for the half-month period is shown in Figure 6.
calculation of water availability is carried out by
Table 2 Half-Month Mainstay Discharge in Batumerah
hydrological calculations where rain will be simulated into
Watershed
surface flow. The rainfall data obtained is rain correction
data from GPM satellites with a span of 11 years. Due to
limited discharge data, a simulation of rain calculation into
surface flow was carried out using the NRECA model. The
calculation was carried out using daily rainfall data and
climate data that had been obtained previously to calculate
surface flow in the Batumerah River. The resulting
discharge is calibrated with discharge data obtained from
field research with the smallest error. Observation discharge
in the study watershed and its surroundings is not available,
so only two-day measurement data projected from the
Ruapa watershed is used as calibration data.
Table 1 Batumerah Intake Calibration

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4.7 Water Balance Calculation

The calculation of the water balance in the Batumerah
watershed is carried out by finding the difference between
the availability of water in the weir and the water demand
in the Batumerah watershed. Water availability in the
Batumerah
watershed can be predicted from the characteristic pattern
Fig.6 Half-Month Mainstay Discharge in Batumerah of periodic rainfall in the dry, normal and wet year rain
Watershed pattern groups so that the flow discharge of dry, normal and
wet year conditions is obtained. Water requirements can be
calculated based on irrigation, domestic, non-domestic
4.5 Domestic and Non-domestic Water Needs water requirements and river maintenance.
Domestic water demand is the amount of water needed
by domestic consumers for household water purposes.
Domestic water demand can be estimated by population,
people's lifestyle, and socioeconomic conditions. Water
sources in the Batumerah watershed come from river
intakes and pumps. The water requirements of the
Batumerah watershed from the river intakes are shown
Error! Reference source not found.in figure 7.

Fig.8. Water Balance of Batumerah Watershed Dry,

Normal, Wet Year Pattern
Fig.7 Water Needs of Batumerah Watershed

V. CONCLUSION
4.6 River Conservancy Water Needs 1. The water allocation unit and allocation limit for
PDAMs (Local water company) in the Batumerah
The calculation of maintenance flow needs must follow
watershed are assumed to be in accordance with the
KP (planning criteria ) 02/2013, which is 5% of the existing
value of PDAM's water needs for the dry condition half-
discharge in the relevant period or Q95 according to SE
month, which is 0.105 m3/sec. However, in certain
(form letter) Director General of Natural Resources
months there is a deficit, so PDAM's water demand is
05/2016. So that the maintenance flow in the Batumerah
the result of reducing water availability with minimum
watershed.
maintenance flow needs (0.001 m3/sec).
Table 3 Maintenance Flow Needs of the Batumerah
2. Water use priority is a policy that regulates the order of
Watershed Half-Month Maintenance
water allocation based on applicable laws and
regulations.

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