Maxillofacial Prosthesis
EAR PROSTHESIS
ANATOMY
Supervised by: Dr. Afeaa Lateef
Done By:
Ghasaq waleed
Fatima osama
Fatima saad
INTRODUCTION
The ear is the organ for hearing and balance
cartilaginous structure found on either side of the
head. It functions to capture and direct sound waves
towards the external acoustic meatus.
The ear is made up of three parts: the external, middle,
and internal ear. All three parts of the ear are
important for detecting sound by working together to
move sound from the external part through the middle
and into the internal part of the ear.
THE EAR IS MADE UP OF THREE
1.The external ear, which is mainly skin and
cartilage. It extends down to the eardrum (also
called the tympanic )membrane.
2. The middle ear, which is an air space behind the
eardrum. This part of your ear is connected to the
back of the nose by a narrow tube, the Eustachian
tube
3. The internal ear, which sits deep in a bone of the
skull, is called the temporal bone.
ANATOMY OF THE EAR
•Helix ; outer curvature.
•Antihelix :A second innermost
curvature runs in parallel with the helix.
The antihelix divides into two cura; the
inferior-anterior crus, and the
superior-posterior crus.
•Concha :a hollow depression in the
middle of the auricle.
•Tragus: is an elevation of
cartilaginous tissue anterior to the
beginning of the external acoustic
meatus.
ANATOMY OF THE EAR
• lobule : the only part not
supported by cartilage
•Intertragic notch; is between
tragus and antitragus.
•Triangular fossa a shallow
depression in the anterior part of
the top of the ear's auricle between
the two crura into which the
antihelix divides.
•Scaphoid fossa : The groove
between the helix and the antihelix
Parts of ear ; 1-External ear 2-middle ear 3-internal ear
• All three parts of the ear are important for detecting sound
by working together to move sound from the external part
through the middle and into the internal part of the ear
1-External ear:
The outer part of the ear collects sound. Sound travels
through the auricle and the auditory canal, a short tube that
ends at the eardrum
The outer ear consists from
A) auricle or pinna: visible portion with its special helical shape، to
act as a kind of funnel which assists in directing the sound further
.into the ear
B) external auditory canal: called the ear canal The ear canal starts
at the outer ear and ends at the ear drum ،the outer one third of
the canal is cartilage and inner two thirds is bone
The outer ear consists from
C) Tympanic membrane :is a thin, cone-shaped membrane that
separates the external ear from the middle ear.
2-Middle ear
The main function of the middle ear is to transmit vibrations
from the tympanic membrane to the inner ear.
The middle ear includes
•Cavity (also called the tympanic cavity)
•Ossicles (3 tiny bones that are attached):
1. malleus (or hammer) :long handle
attached to the eardrum
2. incus (or anvil) : the bridge bone between
the malleus and the stapes
3. stapes (or stirrup) :the smallest bone in
the body
3-Internal ear: has three main parts:
The middle ear includes
A-oval window : connects the middle ear
with the internal ear.
B-semicircular ducts :- filled with fluid
,attached to cochlea and nerves, send
information on balance and head position
to the brain.
C- cochlea : spiral-shaped organ of
hearing transforms sound into signals that
get sent to the brain
Vasculature of ear
The external ear is supplied by branches of the external carotd
1-Posterior auricular artery 2-Anterior auricular (artery-vein)
3-Superficial temporal (artery-vein) 4-Occipital artery.
5-Maxillary artery.
Muscles of ear
Muscles of the auricle
consist of two sets:
1-The extrinsic, which connect it
with the skull and scalp and move
the outer ear as a whole .
2-The intrinsic, which extend from
one part of the auricle to another.
The Extrinsic Muscles
MUSCLES ORIGIN INSERTION
The Anterior muscle From the lateral edge of the inserted into a projection on the
galea aponeurotica front of the helix
inserted by a thin, falttened
The Superior muscle From the galea aponeurotica
tendon into the upper part of
cranial surface of the auricula
From the mastoid portion of the inserted into the lower part of
The Posterior muscle temporal bone by short the cranial surface of the
aponeurotic fibers concha
These muscles possess very little action. The Auricularis anterior
draws the auricula forward and upward; the Auricularis superior
slightly raises it; and the Auricularis posterior draws it backward
TheIntrinsic Muscles
MUSCLES ORIGIN INSERTION
inserted into the anterior border
Helicis major From the spina helicis
of the helix
From the base of the helical crus inserts at the anterior aspect
Helicis minor of the helical crus
apex of the traghs
Tragicus base of the tragus
from the outer part of the inserted into the cauda helicis(or
Antitragicus
antitragus tail of the helix) and antihelix
from the upper and back part the convexity immediately
Obliquus auriculae of the concha above it
tranverse auricuale cranial surface of the eminentia cranial surface of the eminentia
conchae scaphae
References
•Beumer J, Marunick M, Esposito S.
MAXILLOFACIAL
REHABILITATION. THIRD EDITION ,2011.
•Thomas k. THE ART OF CLINICAL
ANAPLASTOLOGY. Printed by
Thomas keith 2006
•Taylor T. CLINICAL MAXILLOFACIAL
PROSTHETICS.PRINTED IN CHINA 2000
•Neuroprosthetics for Auricular
Muscles
•Neural Networks and Clinical Aspects
