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TABLE OF CONTENTS
Content Page Number
Information Sheet 1.1 Introduction to Media and Information Literacy……..…….……………….3
Information Sheet 1.1-1 Communication Process…………………………………..…………………......4
Self-Check 1.1-1……………………………………………………………………….……………………………….7
Activity Sheet 1.1-1…………………………………………………………………….……………………….......8
Scoring Rubrics 1.1-1……………………………………………………………………….………………………..8
References…………………………………………………………………………………………………………….....9
Acknowledgement…………….…………………………………………………………………..………………...10
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Information Sheet 1.1
INTRODUCTION TO MEDIA AND INFORMATION LITERACY
Content Standard:
The learner demonstrates understanding of media and information literacy (MIL) and MIL
related concepts.
Performance Standard:
The learner organizes a creative and interactive symposium for the community focusing on
being a media and information literate individual.
Learning Outcomes:
After reading this INFORMATION SHEET, YOU MUST be able to:
1. describe how communication is influenced by media and information;
2. identify the similarities and differences between and among media literacy,
information literacy, and technology literacy;
3. discuss responsible use of media and information.
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Information Sheet 1.1-1
COMMUNICATION PROCESS
Learning Objectives:
After reading this INFORMATION SHEET, YOU MUST be able to:
1. describe the nature of communication and the concepts related to it;
2. discuss the different communication models; and
3. describe how communication is influenced by media and information
Communication is said to be dynamic by nature. It can be simple as having a face-to-
face conversation between two people or, it can become complex like communicating to a
large group of the audience using various media.
In this case, a communicator must have a full understanding of the important role of
each element in the communication process to achieve effectiveness in disseminating
information. And to be precise, the development of information and the selection of medium
are the two basic considerations of a communicator in achieving effective communication.
Communication
Communication is an exchange in information or news. These are acts that make use
of words, sounds, signs, or behavior to express your ideas and thoughts.
Communication Models
Communication models were created to explain the human communication process.
The First Major Communication Model
The first major model in communication came in
1949 by Shannon and Weaver. The Linear Model
of Communication shows in Figure 1.1 followed
the basic concept of communication wherein it is
the process of sending and receiving messages or
transferring (channel) information from one part
(sender) to another (receiver).
Source:
https://celenegoh.wordpress.com/2017/07/19/is-shannon-and-weavers-1954-model-of-communication-
complete/
The basic component of the first major communication model consists of the
following:
Source: https://courses.lumenlearning.com/publicspeakingprinciples/chapter/models-of-communication/
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The Evolution of the Communication Model
David Berlo expanded the Linear Model of Communication to SMCR
Model of Communication. The Sender – Message – Channel –
Receiver Model of Communication separated the parts clearly
because of the Message component.
Source: http://jayaseelansr.blogspot.com/2017/07/david-berlos-model-of-communication.html
The Rules in the Communication Process
Communication is a social interaction where at least two interacting agents share a
common set of signs and a common set of semiotic rules. (Schramm) The three levels of the
semiotic rules in the communication process are the following:
Sematic (signs & symbols and what they represent)
Pragmatic (relations of expressions & their users)
Syntactic (formal properties of signs & symbols)
The 10 Levels of Intimacy in Communication:
Source: https://www.ovrdrv.com/blog/10-levels-of-intimacy-in-todays-communication/
Andrew Abrahams ranked the different forms of communication in terms of intimacy.
Talking is the most intimate form of communication because of the sender and the
receiver’s presence.
Twitter is the least intimate form of communication because the
message you are going to send is limited. You are only allowed a few
characters to send the message you desired.
Source: https://www.alphr.com/twitter/1009271/twitter-password-plain-text-
change/
Media
Media are communication channels which news, entertainment, education,
information or promotional messages are disseminated. This may include everything that is
broadcasted and narrow casted in different mediums like newspapers, billboards, direct
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mail, magazines, telephone, television, radio, fax, and the internet. In the Philippines, print
media is the number 1 widely used media next to some electronic media.
Media Roles
Media has multiple roles. The following are the roles of media to the public:
Act as channels of information and knowledge
Facilitate informed debates
Provide us with information about the world beyond our immediate experience
Function as an advocate and social actor in its own right while respecting pluralistic
values
Build a sense of community
Function as a watchdog of the government in promoting transparency
Act as a facilitator of democratic process
Serve as a vehicles for cultural expression and cultural cohesion
Information
Information is facts learned or provided about something or someone. These are often
conveyed or represented through symbols, events, experience, details and many more.
The Internet: Means of Communication
The internet plays a vital role in communicating information in the Philippines
because the internet has a large number of users.
The Internet: Source of Information
The internet is an important source of information because of the following:
It has a wide array of publishers.
It has vast information from culture to science.
It has an archive of all the news globally.
Information can be accessed across the globe through different platforms in the
internet creating convenience in information accessibility. Information can also be accessed
through:
Facebook Twitter
Blogs Websites
Online Journals Linkedin
Facebook: A Channel for Communication
Facebook is a popular means for communication, especially in the Philippines.
Its features that make it a channel for communication are the following:
Source:
https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/zuckerberg-outlines-five-key-areas-focus-facebook-moving-davidson
Facebook chat allows you to communicate real time despite geographical locations.
Facebook status allows you to send to your readers a message you want to convey.
Facebook comment can be a form of communication for feedback.
As a means of communicating information, Facebook has been a medium of sharing
authentic news, fake news, satirical information and many more. Today, traditional media
like the television, radio and newspaper have utilized Facebook to reach more audience and
as an alternative medium in delivering information.
Effects of Facebook as a means of Communication
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A negative effect of Facebook is that communication becomes less personal. However,
it allows you to easily connect with anyone anytime and causes young individuals to engage
in a favorable behavior when communicating. Facebook has changed the world because it:
Changed how we keep in touch
Changed the way we share our lives
Changed the way we consume information
Changed the way we view privacy
Changed the way people are bullied
Changed the way businesses interact with customers.
Media and Information
Media and information can and cannot influence its audience, but generally, it
influences majority of its audience. Media and information can influence the audience
because these dictate the audience what to do and what to think and at the same time
triggers a social response to its audience. Media and information cannot influence some of
its audience because these can be filtered by their audience.
Self-Check 1.1-1
Multiple Choice: Select the letter that corresponds to the correct answer. Use a separate
sheet of paper for your answers.
1. What is communication?
a. An act of using words, sounds, signs, or behavior to express.
b. An exchange in information or news.
c. All of these are correct.
d. An act to express your ideas and thoughts.
2. Communication models were created to explain the human communication process.
What are basic components in the first major model?
a. None of these is correct. c. Sender – Receiver - Feedback
b. Sender – Channel - Receiver d. Sender – Receiver
3. In 1960, the communication model evolved and it was separated into clear parts. What
component was added to the Sender – Channel – Receiver model by Shannon and Weaver?
a. Medium b. Feedback c. Message d. Noise
4. In the models created, communication can be seen as processes of information governed
by rules. What rules govern communication?
a. Syntactic (formal properties of signs & symbols)
b. Semantic (signs & symbols and what they represent)
c. Pragmatic (relations of expressions & their users)
d. All of these are correct.
5. Today, there are 10 levels of intimacy in communication. What level of intimacy is the
highest form according to Andrew Abrahams?
a. Talking b. Instant Messaging c. Video Chat d. Facebook
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Activity Sheet 1.1-1
Write an essay on how communication is affected by media and information. Cite your
personal experience. Use a separate sheet of paper for your answer.
The essay must have an introduction, body, and conclusion.
The number of words must be 450-500.
The essay will be graded according to the rubric below.
Scoring Rubrics 1.1-1
Criteria Excellent (8 – 10 Good (6-7 points) Fair (3-5 points) Poor (0–2points)
points)
Focus & Details There is one clear, There is one clear, There is one topic. The topic and main
well- focused well- focused topic. Main ideas are ideas are not clear
topic. Main ideas Main ideas are clear somewhat clear.
are clear and are but are not well
well supported by supported by detailed
detailed and information.
accurate
information.
Organization The introduction The introduction The introduction There is no clear
is inviting, states states the main topic states the main topic. introduction,
the main topic, and provides an A conclusion is structure, or
and provides an overview of the paper. included. conclusion.
overview of the A conclusion is
paper. Information included.
is relevant and
presented in a
logical order. The
conclusion is
strong.
Voice The author’s The author’s purpose The author’s purpose The author’s purpose
purpose of writing of writing is of writing is of writing is unclear.
is very clear, and somewhat clear, and somewhat clear, and
there is strong there is some there is evidence of
evidence of evidence of attention attention to audience.
attention to to audience. The The author’s
audience. The author’s knowledge knowledge and/or
author’s extensive and/or experience experience with the
knowledge and/or with the topic is/are topic is/are limited.
experience with evident.
the topic is/are
evident.
Word Choice The author uses The author uses vivid The author uses The writer uses a
vivid words and words and phrases. words that limited vocabulary.
phrases. The The choice and communicate clearly, Jargon or clichés
choice and placement of words is but the writing lacks may be present and
placement of inaccurate at times variety. detract from the
words seems and/or seems meaning.
accurate, natural, overdone.
and not forced.
Sentence All sentences are Most sentences are Most sentences are Sentences sound
Structure, well constructed well constructed and well constructed, but awkward, are
Grammar, and have varied have varied structure they have a similar distractingly
Mechanics, & structure and and length. The structure and/or repetitive, or are
Spelling length. The author author makes a few length. The author difficult to
makes no errors errors in grammar, makes several errors understand. The
in grammar, mechanics in grammar, author makes
mechanics, understanding, mechanics, and/or numerous errors in
and/or spelling. and/or spelling, but spelling that interfere grammar,
they do not interfere with understanding. mechanics, and/or
with spelling that interfere
understanding. with understanding
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References:
Edward D. Gonzales, MEDIA AND INFORMATION LITERACY, (Pasay City: JFS Publishing
Services, 2016),4-94.
“Models of Communication”, lumen, CST 100 Principles of Public Speaking, 2020,
https://courses.lumenlearning.com/vccs-cst100-17fa/chapter/models-of-
communication/ (June 30, 2020)
Celenegoh, “Is Shannon and Weaver’s (1954) model of communication complete?”,
Wordpress, July 19, 2017, https://celenegoh.wordpress.com/2017/07/19/is-
shannon-and-weavers-1954-model-of-communication-complete/ (July 1,2020)
Rathinaswamy, Jayaseelan, “David Berlo’s Model of Communication”, Blogspot, July 20,
2017 http://jayaseelansr.blogspot.com/2017/07/david-berlos-model-of-
communication.html (July 1, 2020)
Abrahams, Andrew, “10 Levels of Intimacy in Today’s Communication”, Overdrive
Interactive, August 20, 2009, https://www.ovrdrv.com/blog/10-levels-of-intimacy-
in-todays-communication/ (July 6, 2020)
https://www.saydaily.com/.image/c_limit%2Ccs_srgb%2Cq_auto:good%2Cw_410/
MTM0ODg3OTkwOTMyNTc1NTA2/screen-shot-2015-12-03-at-22820-pmpng.webp
(July 7, 2020)
https://pngtree.com/freepng/facebook-logo-social-media-icon_3572492.html (July 8,
2020)
https://palereddot.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/01/featured_paul_gilster-672x372.jpg
(July 8,2020)
“Essay Rubric”, readwritethink, International Reading Association/NCTE, 2013,
http://www.readwritethink.org/files/resources/printouts/Essay%20Rubric.pdf
(July 8, 2020)
“Reflection Paper”, studylib.net, 2013-2020,
https://studylib.net/doc/7132606/reflection-paper (July 8, 2020)
“Different Types of Media”, http://osou.ac.in/eresources/Different%20types%20of
%20media%20and%20reporting.pdf (July 27,2020)
“Information Literacy Guide: Types of Information Sources”, University of Fort Hare,
December 8, 2015, https://ufh.za.libguides.com/c.php?g=91523&p=590868 (july
28,2020)
“Literature During the Spanish Period”, Linkedln Corporation, 2020,
https://www.slideshare.net/markvincentmillona1/literature-during-the-spanish-
period (July 29, 2020)
Acknowledgement
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This Self-Learning Module was developed for Senior High School students of the K to 12
Curriculum with the assistance of the following persons:
This Media and Information Literacy Self-Learning Module 1.1-1: Introduction to
Media and Information Literacy was developed by the following personnel:
MODULE WRITER COVER PAGE DESIGNER
ARES JUDE MOYA MALINIS, ME MARYROSE LIGO REYES
SHS T-II SHS T-II
Polangui General Comprehensive Balogo National High School
High School Oas South District
Polangui North District
QUALITY ASSURERS
TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS AND STANDARDS LANGUAGE EDITOR
EDISON L. MALLAPRE RICO B. CARINAN
EPS- I, LRMS T-II, PGCHS
SDO-ALBAY
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