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Week 1 Lecture Introduction Humans in Their Ecological Setting

This document discusses the differences between urban planning and urban design. It defines urban planning as planning a city's structures, policies, infrastructure, and regulations, with a focus on strategy, structure, and policy. Urban design focuses on designing individual city features creatively, like parks or buildings. Urban planners work with developers and officials, while urban designers rely on design software and meet with professionals to develop blueprints.

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117 views

Week 1 Lecture Introduction Humans in Their Ecological Setting

This document discusses the differences between urban planning and urban design. It defines urban planning as planning a city's structures, policies, infrastructure, and regulations, with a focus on strategy, structure, and policy. Urban design focuses on designing individual city features creatively, like parks or buildings. Urban planners work with developers and officials, while urban designers rely on design software and meet with professionals to develop blueprints.

Uploaded by

22-00352
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Introduction: Humans in

their ecological setting

Prepared by: Arch. Ryan Christian J. Panapanaan, uap


“URBAN” “REGIONAL”
URBAN PLANNING
VS.
URBAN D ESIGN
Urban planning is planning a city’s structures,
including its policies, infrastructure, neighborhoods,
building codes, and regulations. Urban planning, by
definition, is the “planning of city strategies,
structures, and policies.” The focus is more technical
and political on the strategy, structure, and policy.

Urban design is used to focus solely on designing


individual city features. This could be a transportation
system, city park, or wastewater treatment facility.
Urban design is for those who want to do creative
work. People who want to work on quality of life,
population resilience, and sustainability will find
rewarding career as urban designers.
Urban Planners often speak at public gatherings
and assess market research data to discover the
wants and needs of a city. They are tasked with
working alongside land developers and public officials
to build plans for the development of parks and
public buildings that the surrounding community will
benefit from.

Urban Designers stay busy meeting up with a range of clients


while relying on programs like AutoCAD, SketchUp, and GIS to
develop blueprints for city parks and public buildings. This
career requires a good deal of creativity and artistic vision, as
well as the ability to make sure plans are workable. They meet
with landscapers, civil engineers, and a variety of other
professionals to create workable designs. After the project is
complete, it is important that the urban designer meets with
the client to ensure it covers all of their specifications.
Humans in their Ecological Setting
Human ecology
• is the interdisciplinary or transdisciplinary study of the
relationship between humans and their natural, social, and built
environments. Ecology as a discipline was technically born when
Ernst Haeckel used the word “oekologie” in 1866 to describe the
study of an organism’s relationship to its environment.

• is composed of concepts from ecology like interconnectivity,


community behavior, and spatial organization. From the
beginning, human ecology was present in geography and
sociology, but also in biological ecology and zoology.
Characteristics of Populations
• Location
• Density
• Growth Rate

• What causes a population’s size to change?


- Number of births
- Number of deaths
- Number of individuals that move in or out of a
certain area or place
Population Growth
• Under ideal
conditions
populations grow
exponentially.

- A s t h e p o p u l at i o n
g ro ws l a rge r, i t
g ro ws fa ste r
Population Growth
• In the natural world
population shows
“logistic growth”

- Po p u l at i o n g ro w t h
s l o ws o r sto p s a f te r a
p e r i o d o f ex p o n e nt i a l
g ro w t h .
- Po p u l at i o n re a c h e s a
ca r r yi ng ca pac i t y
Limiting Factors!!!
• Density Independent • Density Dependent
Limits Limits

- L i m i t s t h at a ffe c t a - L i m i t s t h at i n c re a s e
p o p u l at i o n re ga rd l e s s a s p o p u l at i o n s i ze
o f p o p u l at i o n s i ze . i n c re a s e s .

- te m p e rat u re , - d i s e a s e , p a ra s i te s ,
sto r m s , f l o o d co m p e t i t i o n , p re d ato rs
What about human populations?
• World human
population
growth=exponential

• Why?
- H u m a n s ca n e l i m i n ate
co m p e t i t i o n , i n c re a s e
fo o d p ro d u c t i o n ,
co nt ro l d i s e a s e , e tc .
Humans and the Ecosystem
Disrupting ecosystems can
threaten biodiversity.

• Hunting
• Agriculture
• Animal domestication
• Urbanization
What happens?
1. Urbanization- the movement to cities
Outcome
• Increased runoff causing flooding & erosion
• Use of nonrenewable natural resources
What happens?
2. Deforestation– human destruction of forests, building of
malls, houses, farming
Outcome
• Loss of biodiversity
• Soil erosion – loss of topsoil
What happens?
3. Overfarming– when plants are harvested soil becomes less
fertile
Outcome
• Abandoned field
• Erosion of topsoil
Natural Resources
Restoring the Environment-What can we do?
• Non-renewable • Renewable
natural resources natural resources

 Coal, oil, natural gas,  Air, water, soil, sunlight, living


metals, minerals things
 Can be taken from the  Resources that are naturally
earth only once replaced
 Human activity can disrupt the
natural events that replace the
resources
Natural Resources
• Conserving both renewable & nonrenewable
natural resources is important
 Sustainable use – use of natural resources at a rate that does
not deplete them.

1. Recycling
- newspaper, glass, metal, plastic
2. Conserving Soil
• Soil is renewable, but the process is very slow, therefore
it is important to conserve

• Cover crops
- crops planted to cover a field to prevent erosion
 Can also plant in between rows
Conserving Soil – How?
• Crop rotation
• Fertilizer
• Strip cropping
• Terracing
• Contour Farming
• Windbreaks
Conserving Forests – Why and How?
• Sustained-yield-free
farming
- cutting down trees only in certain areas
so surrounding areas are untouched
• Reforestation
- replace lost trees by planting new ones

Why???
- f orests provide wood, and paper.
- soil holds large amounts of water,
preventing erosion.
- destruction takes a long time to replace.
Controlling Pollution
• Emission controls for cars
• Ban aerosol sprays
• Control industrial waste
- gas treated before released
- ban on dumping waste in water& land
• Sewage treatment plants
- use bacteria to treat water before
releasing

• Sewage treatment plants


• Special sites for toxic
waste
Restoring the Environment
• Individual Actions
• People can choose:

-Not to pollute
-Not to burn garbage
-Change products that they
use
-Drive energy-efficient cars
-Reduce, reuse, recycle
Restoring the Environment
• Societal Actions
• Cities, States & Governments
can:
-pass laws against pollution

-fine or jail polluters

-hold public meetings &


hearings about pollution

-give incentives

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