Modality : International Journal of Linguistics and Literature Vol. 3 No.
2 (Juli-Desember 2023) pp, 107-117
Jong Li Fa1, Dwi Leyli Ningsih2 ,Wahyu Rismayuda Dwitama3 , M. Aries Taufiq4*
1
Universitas Bangka Belitung, Indonesia, email : [email protected]
2
Universitas Bangka Belitung, Indonesia, email : [email protected]
3
Universitas Bangka Belitung, Indonesia, email : [email protected]
4
Universitas Bangka Belitung, Indonesia, email : [email protected]
©2023 by the authors. Submitted for possible open access publication under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons
Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License-(CC-BY-SA) (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)
DOI : https://dx.doi.org/10.30983/mj.v3i2.8003
*Coresponding Auhtor
Submission: Agustus 07, 2023 Revised: Desember 27, 2023 Published: December 31, 2023
Abstract
The development of technology in Indonesia has an impact on the development of the entertainment
world, including movies. Movies consist of various genres, one of which is horror. Among Indonesians,
horror is a popular genre, especially highlighting customs, rituals, and traditions. Horror movies aim to
cause fear and disgust in the audience by providing entertainment. This study aims to determine
whether horror genre movies are the favorite movies of Indonesian people. The method used in this
research is qualitative research by interviewing respondents and distributing questionnaires online on
social media. The results in the study reveal that the horror films use material and attributive processes
in delivering dialog. In terms of psychological aspect, the horror genre in Indonesia is one of the genres
favored by the audience. The large population in Indonesia and the culture and customs inherent in
Indonesia such as belief in mystical or supernatural things in horror movies can be said to have various
impacts. Impacts such as adrenaline, fear, and so on are what make it interesting so that the audience
likes it.
Keywords: fans, horror, movie
Abstrak
Perkembangan teknologi di Indonesia berdampak pada perkembangan dunia hiburan, termasuk film. Film terdiri dari
berbagai macam genre, salah satunya adalah horor. Di kalangan masyarakat Indonesia, horor merupakan genre yang
banyak digemari, terlebih mengangkat adat istiadat, ritual, dan tradisi. Film horor bertujuan untuk menimbulkan
rasa takut dan jijik pada penonton dengan sifat memberi hiburan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui apakah
film bergenre horor menjadi film favorit masyarakat Indonesia. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah
penelitian kualitatif dengan cara mewawancarai responden dan menyebarkan kuesioner secara online di media sosial.
Hasil dalam penelitian mengungkapkan bahwa film-film horor menggunakan proses material dan atributif dalam
menyampaikan dialog. Dari sisi psikologis, genre horor di Indonesia menjadi salah satu genre yang digemari para
penonton . Banyaknya jumlah penduduk di Indonesia dan budaya serta adat istiadat yang melekat di Indonesia seperti
kepercayaan akan hal-hal mistis atau supranatural dalam film horor dapat dikatakan memberikan berbagai dampak.
Dampak-dampak seperti memacu adrenalin, rasa takut, dan lain sebagainya inilah yang membuatnya menarik
sehingga disukai penonton.
Kata Kunci: fans, horor, film
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Modality : International Journal of Linguistics and Literature Vol. 3 No. 2 (Juli-Desember 2023) pp, 107-117
1. Introduction
In the era of technological development in Indonesia, of course, without us realizing it, it
continues to experience many developments. Whether it’s developments in technology,
communication, facilities and infrastructure, entertainment media, and many more. One of the
developments that we often encounter is in the world of entertainment such as films. Often
when we feel bored, we fill our free time by doing various activities, such as watching films.
According to experts, films are cultural products and means of artistic expression in audio and
visual form (Effendy, 1986). Films do consist of audio and visual because both of these can
affect the emotions of the audience (Firda Tsania & Fajar Adhi Kurniawan, 2023). Film also has
various elements such as themes, styles, and forms of emotion called genres. Films are made in
the genres with the hope that in the future it can more easily fulfill the audience's imagination
(Rusdiarti, 2009 ; Paul M. Muchinsky, 2012). The genre itself generally consists of eight types of
genres, namely action, drama, romance, animation, comedy, documentary, thriller, and horror.
Filmswith their respective genre certainly have their own nuances and meanings. Films are not
just made for the sake of it, but of course there are meranings and purposes to conveyed. The
same goes for horror films.
Horror is a work of speculative fiction. A work of speculative fiction which in the broad
sense of the genre has a meaning as a work that includes events, incidents, and creatures that do
not exist in the real world at all or can be referred to as fiction and fantasy (Abedini, 2022).
Horror genre movies that are often watched by the public have several subgenre divisions. This
happens because each horror movie has a different story content, not always containing ghosts in
the storyline. Some subgenres in horror movies such as horror drama, horror thriller, slasher
horror, monster horror, supernatural horror, body horror, natural horror, found footage horror,
and comedy horror. However, there is also an expert opinion who says that the subgenres of
horror are generally divided into 3 namely psychological horror, ghost horror, and disaster horror
(Dreams, 2010).
Someone who commonly has a hobby of watching movies has several genres that he finds
interesting, but from various movie genres, there must be one genre that is the favorite one.
Among Indonesians themselves, of course, the horror genre is one of the most popular genres.
Horror genre movies or what we often call horror movies have spread and are known to the
wider community in Indonesia. Jancovich states that the horror genre gives every evidence of
being pleasurable to its audience, but it does so using trafficking in the very sorts of things that
cause disquiet, distress, and displeasure (Reader et al., 2020). Then there are also other
perspectives on horror movies such as in "A Dictionary of Film Studies", according to Annette
Khun and Guy Westwell (2012) horror is a genre of movies that aims to instill fear and disgust in
the audience with the nature to entertain (Bernadetta Yucki, 2022).
In this case, the increased interest in the horror genre began in the new era of the 2000s.
The horror movies that reawakened the interest of the Indonesian public were Rizal Mantovani
and Jose Purnomo's "Jelangkung" released in 2001. Then there is the movie "Pengabdi Setan"
which was first released in 1982 and directed by Sisworo Gautama Putra, then remade by Joko
Anwar. Joko Anwar took up to 10 years to seek permission to screen this movie again. His
efforts were not in vain, because it was proven that there were 4.2 million viewers and the movie
was even shown in 42 countries.
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This movie trailer begins by displaying a pitch-black scene with the serene sound of a bell
chime with static radio noises followed by a song. It shows a sick woman living with her family.
The background music starts with a rather non-intense rhythm, engulfing the sense of care
between family members, and the movie certainly continues until the end with various scenes
(Noer, 2021).
There is also a movie called "Keramat 1" whose ending is still hanging, making many
viewers curious about the continuation of the story. Finally, the publication of "Keramat 2:
Caruban Larang" made fans of the first series interested in watching the second series to
eliminate their curiosity. This movie had an audience of 235,989 in 3 days exceeding the first
movies. Then followed by the publication of other horror movies that are no less interesting and
popular such as "KKN di Desa Penari", "Bayi Ajaib", "Mangkujiwo", "Waktu Maghrib",
"Sebelum Iblis Menjemput", and many more. Then, many movie critics commented that starting
in 2001 a lot of new or new types of horror movies had appeared which were increasingly
popular because their contents were not only about the dark and vicious world that was depicted
but also delivered social criticism towards the culture that gave birth to it (Ndalianis, 2015).
Indonesian horror movies often feature customs, rituals, and traditions that show the real
circumstances experienced by the local community (Baksin, 2008).
Many other experts have an opinion regarding horror movies whose content is still
attached to everyday life and if you pay attention, the development of horror movies in the world
continues to grow. Facts about Indonesian horror movies, in Indonesia horror movies have been
present and known for a long time and have a different concept from horror movies abroad such
as countries in America and the European continent. America and Europe with the concept of
rational horror movies and tend to lean more on horror commonly found in mythological
history. Interestingly, horror movies based on urban legends are growing rapidly in Asia, Japan,
Thailand, and Indonesia. Foreign horror movies are often associated with strange things beyond
normal thinking, with various forms of characters depicted. There are vampires, zombies,
gremlins, trolls, werewolves, Dracula, space monsters, and children who are possessed by a ghost
(Carroll, 2020). Different from Indonesia, with its supernatural and superstitious concepts
inherent in people's lives, has characters such as kuntilanak, jin, sundel bolong, pocong, and
characters who are also possessed by ghosts. Ghosts such as pocong are not found elsewhere,
because only Islamic societies and Islamic societies in Southeast Asia make them as horror
characters. Then there are various scenes that contain illogicalities in horror movies that become
an attraction for the audience. This is the relative difference between Indonesian and foreign
horror movies.
Making a horror genre movie to be liked by other people will certainly go through a
process because it is related to the interests and interested of each individual. Moreover, as
explained earlier, a film has its ownpurpose and meaning which becomes the essence of the film.
Therefore, this research will examine the reasons why and how horror genre movies can
become favorite movies by analysing various related documents and the final results of the
questionnaires or questionnaires distributed. Thus, the researcher certainly conducts research
related to the reasons why people like horror movies. Hopefully this research can prove that
Indonesians people's interest in horror genre is real.
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2. Method
This research was conducted with a qualitative method by describing and analyzing
phenomena, events, social activities, views, beliefs, and thoughts with words and language.
Bogdan in Krisnan (2021), expressed that qualitative research is a research step that produces
descriptive data in the form of writing or speech, as well as the behavior of people observed. This
qualitative research aims to gain a general understanding of social reality from the perspective of
the participants (Krisnan, 2021). In this study, researchers will also collect data with literature
study techniques, namely by collecting various data by looking for written sources from several
places that are still related to this research. The method we use in collecting data is internet
searching, called internet searches because this method is carried out by searching sites or blogs
for complete research data that is related to the content of the research and data collection by
collecting and analyzing documents, both written and electronic documents.
Interviews and questionnaires were used to collect the data. The interview was conducted
on Wednesday 20 March 2023 at Gazebo Economy, University Bangka Belitung. Structured
interview was used as the interview method guidelines are guidelines that contain an outline of
the interview. A structured interview is an interview process conducted between the interviewer
and the informant by referring to a series of questions that have been made and arranged (Alijoyo
et al., n.d.). The interview target was 10 people with a range of 18-20 years and finally conducted
to 10 students of English Literature Department. Then for the questionnaire, we used the closed
questionnaire method. A closed questionnaire is a questionnaire that is presented in such a form
that the respondent only needs to provide an answer in the column that has been provided
(Kurniawan Andre, 2021). The questionnaire was made with 11 questions and distributed on 21
March 2023 with a filling limit until 22 March. The target of filling in the data on the
questionnaire was 50 people, but the final result of the amount of data obtained was 41 people.
The subjects used as research samples were young people from the general public who were
willing to fill out the questionnaire. we used the closed questionnaire method. This study
employed various instruments to assist the research process, such as a mobile phone, google
form, laptop, voice recorder, and interview guide.
3. Results and Discussion
The language is the performance of transferring ideas that have a purpose and meaning
itself. Language itself is used more for interpreting stories than telling stories. The words and
ways of our language show the self-representation and representations of ourselves and our
personalities, so it's better to understand the language we have, so it is better to understand the
language based on what they convey. Language provides a theory of human experience and
certain resources in lexicogrammatics of each language is dedicated to that function. The horror
films use material and attributive processes in delivering dialog. Material clauses interpret actions
and events. Mental clauses interpret a person involved in conscious processes, including the
processes of perception, cognition, and affection. One of the inherent participants is sensing,
sensing participant, i.e. involved in involved in conscious processing. In an attributive process, a
property of one concept is attributed to another. With respect to the occurrence of rarely used
processes in horror films, they have in common the use of behavior and meteorology in the lack
of processes to be used in the film. The majority of horror films also have in common the
identification of cognition, which indicates that these processes make heavy use of the sense of
thinking. Horror movies also feature an array of character types through certain words in which
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each playing a specific role in the story. For instance, hero is the character who confronts the
horror and often survives, villain refers to the source of the horror, often a killer or a monster,
victims refer to characters who fall prey to the horror, skeptic means refusing to believe in the
horror until it's too late, innocent is a naive character who is usually the last to realize the danger,
and etc.
Furthermore, interviews conducted by researchers with 10 informants from among
university students, revealed the results that there are seven out of ten people who like horror
genre movies, while the other three people do not like horror genre movies. The reason the
seven informants stated that they like watching horror movies is because horror movies are
interesting, can spur adrenaline, relieve stress, full of mystery, exciting, challenging, have jump-
scare scenes, and have scenes that teach how to survive from threats. The other three informants
who stated that they did not like horror genre movies expressed their reasons because they were
afraid of watching alone and they would watch horror movies depending on how interesting the
title of the movie was. At the end of the question, the researcher asked the informants to rank
the movie genres from their favorite to their least favorite. The order of genres was horror,
action, and drama. Horror came out on top with 5 votes, action with 4 votes, and last but not
least drama with 1 vote. So, this of course means that horror movies are the favorite movie genre
of movie fans.
Then, in the questionnaire session that the researchers distributed, 41 respondents had
filled in all the questions in the questionnaire, and the following is a presentation of the
questionnaire results.
Table. 1 Questionnaire results data
NO. QUESTION ANSWER
YES NO
1. The number of people who like
to watch movies 90,2% 9,8%
2. Frequent watch movies more
than 2 times a week 53,7% 46,3%
3. Interest in the horror genre
movie 53,7% 46,3%
4. The appeal that horror movies
have 63,4% 36,6%
5. Interest in horror movies in the
present era 68,3% 31,7%
6. Old-school horror movies were
more interesting 51,2% 48,8%
7. Horror movies are more
flavored in Indonesia 70,7% 29,3%
8. Have a favorite horror movie
61% 39%
9. Watching a horror movie makes
people feel better 31,7% 68,3%
10. Would recommend a horror
movie to watch 51,2% 48,8%
The table of research results above is certainly obtained by conducting research, where the
research was carried out by distributing questionnaires. The evidence and explanation of the
research conducted is presented below. Based on the respondents who filled out the
questionnaire we gave, the researcher asked questions about gender from the results obtained
that most of the respondents who gave answers were women, namely around 63.4%, while the
remaining 36.6% of respondents were men. The research results we get are different from the
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results of the statement made by Neil. Research conducted by Neil (Why Do You Like Horror
Movie? A Review of Empirical Research on Psychological Responses to Horror Films, in 2019.
Research conducted by Neil found that men prefer to watch horror films and enjoy the film
more than women because women are more susceptible and quicker to feel disgust and anxiety
compared to men. This could also be due to gender differences in enjoying horror films (Martin,
2019).
The first answer on the questionnaire that the researcher gave led to the respondent's
interest or hobby of watching the film. The first question asked whether respondents like
watching films. Based on the answers from the respondents, it can be seen that 90.2% or most of
the respondents stated that they like watching films and while the remaining 9.8% of respondents
stated that they did not like watching films. It is clear that there are now very many people who
like to watch films. The films watched by them are of course very diverse. It turns out then that
based on 90.2% of respondents who have stated that they like watching films, it turns out that
they are also included in 53.7% of respondents who will watch films twice or more a week, and
about 46.3% of the rest stated that they only watch films once or not at all in a week, according
to the results of the questionnaire in table number two. It is true that if there are people who like
watching films, it does not mean that they often watch films. There are those who watch films
very often because it is a hobby that provides entertainment and can be a medium for learning
and those who rarely or do not often watch films certainly have reasons, one of which is because
they do not have free time. The analysis of why someone often watches films is supported by the
results of a survey from one of the sources on the internet, the name of the site is
rumahmillenials.com which apparently in essence also states that the frequency of reasons most
people or respondents watch films is as a form of entertainment and hobby (Pratomo Rizky
Ridho, 2019).
Everyone has their own favourite genre, even more than one, and can even have several
film genres that are their favourites. The respondents' answer that the researcher got regarding
the horror genre is that about 53.7% of the respondents stated that they like watching horror
films, and the remaining 46.3% stated that they do not like horror films, as shown in Figure 1.
Actually, film genres in Indonesia are dominated by comedy, romance, and horror, and people
can have any film genre they like. However, from the questionnaires that have been distributed, it
can be seen that most of the respondents like to watch horror films. The respondents have
various reasons why they like watching horror films. It could be that they like watching horror
films because they think horror films have their own charm, because it is fun and so on.
Evidence that horror films have appeal can be seen in Figure 2.
Films of any genre have an appeal that is one of the reasons why someone can like them,
such as horror films. The attraction possessed by this horror film is an attraction in terms of
psychology, namely regarding how a person's adrenaline can be played, and this becomes a
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sensation of pleasure in watching horror films. The results of respondents' answers show that
more than half or 63.4% of respondents stated that of course horror films have an attraction
while the remaining 36.6% of respondents thought that horror films did not have an attraction.
The appeal of horror films is the reason why people have an interest in watching them. They
think that horror films are exciting, adrenaline-pumping, have elements of culture, tradition and
mysticism in them that make the spirit of curiosity rise. They also think that when watching
horror films, they can think about how to solve problems and mysteries, how to survive, and
how to save themselves from various dangers that could come their way. Some people like to
watch films because they feel the characters in the film, for example if the horror film is played
by a beautiful woman, of course this will be one of the other attractions that attract the attention
of both men and women, another example if the horror film is played by school students, of
course this can also attract children and teenagers to watch it.
Indonesian cultural commentators tried to explain that the appeal of horror movies is
closely related to the Indonesian psyche and identity and is generally associated with the mystical
and supernatural (Heeren van, 2012). The analysis related to the respondents' attraction to horror
movies is also supported by research conducted by Yohana Debby, Theresia Intan Putri
Hartiana, and Nanang Krisdinanto with the research title Desacralization of Indonesian horror
movies in the study of reception analysis in 2020 with volume 4 No. 1. In this research journal, it
also discusses the appeal of horror movies, but this research focuses more on how the audience
can accept the desacralization of religious figures and symbols in Indonesian horror movies
(Debby et al., 2020).
In the next question, most respondents chose that today's horror movies are more
interesting when compared to the horror movies of the past. Today's horror movies were found
to be more interesting with 68.3% of votes compared to the previous era's horror movies with
51.2% of votes. This may be due to the old movie industry which still has many shortcomings in
terms of quality, tools, and production compared to today's movies which are more advanced
with more interesting stories and also stories that keep up with the times. Research conducted by
J.B. Kristanto, stated that movies in 1991 apparently experienced a decrease in the number of
productions, this was due to the sluggish public interest in horror movies at that time (Bestari
Gisantia, 2018). The results of the questionnaire are provided below.
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The interest given by the Indonesian audience to horror movies is quite a lot. Of the 41
respondents who filled out the questionnaire, most chose yes for horror movies to become the
most favorite genre in Indonesia with 70.7% of the votes. Based on data from
filmindonesia.or.id, in 2022 several Indonesian horror movies were very popular and even
successfully broke through 1 million viewers such as the KKN di Desa Penari movie which reached
9,233,847 viewers, Pengabdi Setan 2: Communion which reached 6,390,970 viewers and the Ivanna
movie whose audience reached 2,793,775 viewers. The reasons for the large number of viewers
who are interested in watching movies are of course many as explained in Figure pie chart 5.
Horror genre movies are considered to be the favorite genre of the Indonesian people and even
have an allure not only in the national market but also in the international market because
Indonesian horror movies are very scary (Uno Sandiaga, 2022).
Discussing movies, of course in a movie there must be its own attraction both in
characters, storylines, music, cinematography, and so on, so that the movie, can get a good or bad
reaction in the eyes of the audience. If the movie is a favorite of many people, then the movie
can be considered the best movie and get an award at a competition. From the diagram above we
can know that on average respondents have a favorite horror movie with 61% yes answers and
39% no answers. This is a very natural thing because horror movies have their own uniqueness
by spurring the adrenaline of the audience, although not a few also dislike horror movies because
they will provide fear and trauma for the audience. The fear that arises when watching horror
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movies is a form of strong emotion and a normal phenomenon that is often experienced by
horror movie viewers (Nummenmaa, 2020).
Watching movies is one of the entertainments during free time. For people who like to
watch, movies are entertainment that can play with the feelings of the audience. If someone starts
to get carried away in the story, the audience will usually feel like they are playing a role in the
movie. They start to imagine fantasizing; this situation is what makes the audience love movies.
But what about horror movies, horror movies that have a scary story might give the impression
of being wary. 66.3% of our respondents do not feel comfortable when watching horror movies,
they tend to feel bad when they have watched horror movies. Research that supports the results
of this statement is research with the “Effects of Horror Movies on Psychological Health of
Youth” researched by Irem Sultana. In this study, Irem included other previous research
conducted by (Baird, 2000). Research by Irem et al found the result that watching horror movies
apparently can make someone shrouded in fear and discomfort (Sultana et al., 2021). Then,
31.7% feel better when watching a horror movie, the attraction to curiosity, adrenaline rushes,
and a sense of alertness favored some people. There is a thesis, that included the opinion of a
philosopher, namely Aristoteles. According to Aristoteles, a Greek philosopher, introduced
“catharsis”, which is a process in which we release our negative emotions by watching violent (or
we can call it) scary movies. In other words, they can help us to “cleanse” our aggressive
emotions (Park, 2018).
Someone who watches a movie will feel happiness that can change the mood for the
better. Shedding feelings in a movie becomes a pleasure in itself that makes it comfortable. Just
like watching a horror movie, the audience will spill their feelings while watching various scary
scenes in it. Horror movie lovers like to feel the sensation of tension in it. Then usually viewers
who have a favorite movie will give impressions and recommendations to other friends.
Advertising a movie can also be done by word of mouth.
Recommending a movie usually arises because the movie has advantages or disadvantages
in it. A good movie will often be discussed and discussed and then recommendations will appear
in response. The results obtained from the questionnaire answers illustrate a thin comparison of
movie recommendations. From the diagram above in Figure 8, 51.2% of respondents answered
that they would recommend horror movies as a suitable movie to watch while the rest answered
that they would not recommend horror movies.
4. Conclusion
The results of data analysis from this study state that it is true that horror movies contain
certain language style to create a psychological impact on the audience. In terms of psychological
response, most Indonesians prefer the horror genre; one of the reasons for the encouragement of
horror films produced in Indonesia is since there are still many people who believe in
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supernatural things. Over time, the development of horror will also experience changes, either
forward or backward. The development of horror films in Indonesia today must be recognized as
progressing when compared to horror films produced in the past. In addition to the development
of horror films in terms of production, storyline, quality, and so on, the number of horror film
enthusiasts has also grown and increased. Nowadays, many people say that horror movies are
their favorite movies. They believe that horror movies have their own uniqueness and appeal.
The audience is interested in watching horror movies because horror movies are considered to be
able to boost adrenaline, relieve stress, full of mystery, tense, full of challenges, there are jump
scare scenes, and there are scenes that teach how to survive from threats. Although there are
many jump scares and scary scenes, it is what triggers curiosity in individuals, and makes them
feel better.
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