INCOTERMS 2000 - Chart of Responsibility http://i-b-t.net/incoterms.
html
Chart of Responsibility
When negotiating an international sales contract, both parties need to pay as much attention to the terms of sale as to the
sales price. To make it as clear as possible, an international set of trade terms (INCOTERMS) has been adopted by most
countries that defines exactly the responsibilities and risks of both the buyer and seller including while the merchandise is
in transit.
The following chart summarizes the responsibilities of both the buyer and seller for each of the current 13 INCOTERMS. In
addition, a definition for each term is included at the bottom of the page.
For a more complete description of each of the INCOTERMS, The IBT Guide to INCOTERMS 2000 book published by
International Business Training fully and clearly defines each of the new INCOTERMS that became effective January 1,
2000, and includes a number of case studies that demonstrate the use of the different terms in real-life situations.
EXW FCA FAS FOB CFR CIF CPT CIP DAF DES DEQ DDU DDP
Delivered
Free Free Cost Carriage Delivered Delivered Delivered
Ex Free Cost & Carriage Delivered Ex Quay
SERVICES Alongside Onboard Insurance Insurance At Duty Duty
Works Carrier Freight Paid To Ex Ship Duty
Ship Vessel & Freight Paid To Frontier Unpaid Paid
Unpaid
Warehouse
Seller Seller Seller Seller Seller Seller Seller Seller Seller Seller Seller Seller Seller
Storage
Warehouse
Seller Seller Seller Seller Seller Seller Seller Seller Seller Seller Seller Seller Seller
Labor
Export
Seller Seller Seller Seller Seller Seller Seller Seller Seller Seller Seller Seller Seller
Packing
Loading
Buyer Seller Seller Seller Seller Seller Seller Seller Seller Seller Seller Seller Seller
Charges
Inland Buyer/
Buyer Seller Seller Seller Seller Seller Seller Seller Seller Seller Seller Seller
Freight Seller*
Terminal
Buyer Buyer Seller Seller Seller Seller Seller Seller Seller Seller Seller Seller Seller
Charges
Forwarder's
Buyer Buyer Buyer Buyer Seller Seller Seller Seller Seller Seller Seller Seller Seller
Fees
Loading On
Buyer Buyer Buyer Seller Seller Seller Seller Seller Seller Seller Seller Seller Seller
Vessel
Ocean/Air
Buyer Buyer Buyer Buyer Seller Seller Seller Seller Seller Seller Seller Seller Seller
Freight
Charges
On Arrival
Buyer Buyer Buyer Buyer Buyer Buyer Seller Seller Buyer Buyer Seller Seller Seller
At
Destination
Duty, Taxes
& Customs Buyer Buyer Buyer Buyer Buyer Buyer Buyer Buyer Buyer Buyer Buyer Buyer Seller
Clearance
Delivery To
Buyer Buyer Buyer Buyer Buyer Buyer Buyer Buyer Buyer Buyer Buyer Seller Seller
Destination
* There are actually two FCA terms: FCA Seller's Premises where the seller is responsible only for loading the goods and not
responsible for inland freight; and FCA Named Place (International Carrier) where the seller is responsible for inland freight.
The 13 INCOTERMS
Origin Terms
EXW - Ex-Works, named place where shipment is available to the buyer, not loaded.
The seller will not contract for any transportation.
International Carriage NOT Paid by Seller
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INCOTERMS 2000 - Chart of Responsibility http://i-b-t.net/incoterms.html
FCA - Free Carrier, unloaded at the seller's dock OR a named place where shipment is available to the international carrier
or agent, not loaded.
This term can be used for any mode of transport.
FAS - Free Alongside Ship, named ocean port of shipment.
Ocean shipments that are NOT containerized.
FOB - Free On Board vessel, named ocean port of shipment.
This term is used for ocean shipments only where it is important that the goods pass the ship's rail.
International Carriage Paid by the Seller
CFR - Cost and Freight, Named ocean port of destination.
This term is used for ocean shipments that are not containerized.
CIF - Cost, Insurance and Freight, named ocean port of destination.
This term is used for ocean shipments that are not containerized.
CPT - Carriage Paid To, named place or port of destination.
This term is used for air or ocean containerized and roll-on roll-off shipments.
CIP - Carriage and Insurance Paid To, named place or port of destination.
This term is used for air or ocean containerized and roll-on roll-off shipments.
Arrival At Stated Destination
DAF - Delivered At Frontier, named place of destination, by land, not unloaded.
This term is used for any mode of transportation but must be delivered by land.
DES - Delivered Ex-Ship, named port of destination, not unloaded.
This term is used for ocean shipments only.
DEQ - Delivered Ex-Quay, named port of destination, unloaded, not cleared.
This term is used for ocean shipments only.
DDU - Delivered Duty Unpaid, named place of destination, not unloaded, not cleared.
This term is used for any mode of transportation.
DDP - Delivered Duty Paid, named place of destination, not unloaded, cleared.
This term is used for any mode of transportation.
"INCOTERMS 2000" is one in a series of short articles published by International Business Training, a division of InterMart,
Inc. These articles are designed to help businesses and individuals succeed in the global marketplace.
For more information about a variety of import and export publications, self-study courses and seminars designed
specifically for small and mid-sized companies, visit our web page at www.i-b-t.net.
The laws, regulations, procedures, requirements, methods, interpretations and other information contained in this article
are subject to change and therefore the reader should not rely solely on this guide in dealing with the commercial laws of
the United States or foreign countries. Errors and omissions, typographical, clerical and otherwise, sometimes occur and it is
possible that errors have occurred in respect to anything printed in this article.
(c) 2000 International Business Institute, Inc.
Used with permission by InterMart, Inc., PO Box 22267, Eagan, MN 55122-0267
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