Stainless steel, austenitic, AISI 304L, annealed Página 1 de 8

General information
Designation
AISI 304L, wrought

Condition Solution annealed; cold or hot finished

UNS number S30403
US name ASTM WP304L, ASTM TP304L, ASTM MT304L, ASTM
F304L, ASTM CR304L, ASTM 304L, ASME 304L, AMS
5647, ~ASTM S30403
EN name ~X2CrNi19-11
EN number ~1.4306
ISO name X2CrNi18-10E, X2CrNi18-10, ~X2CrNi18-9
GB (Chinese) name 00Cr19Ni10
JIS (Japanese) name SUSF304L, SUS304L-WSB, SUS304L-WSA,
SUS304LTPY, SUS304LTP, SUS304LTBS,
SUS304LTB, SUS304LFB, SUS304L
Typical uses
Commonly used in plant for the manufacture and storage of nitric acid, at concentrations below 65%

Composition overview
Compositional summary
Fe65-74 / Cr18-20 / Ni8-12 (impurities: Mn<2, Si<1, P<0.045, C<0.03, S<0.03)

Material family Metal (ferrous)

Base material Fe (Iron)

Composition detail (metals, ceramics and glasses)

C (carbon) 0 - 0.03 %
Cr (chromium) 18 - 20 %
Fe (iron) * 64.9 - 74 %
Mn (manganese) 0 - 2 %
Ni (nickel) 8 - 12 %
P (phosphorus) 0 - 0.045 %
S (sulfur) 0 - 0.03 %
Si (silicon) 0 - 1 %

Price
Price * 8.76 - 9.81 PEN/kg
Price per unit volume * 6.83e4 - 7.84e4 PEN/m^3

Physical properties
Density 7.8e3 - 8.01e3 kg/m^3

Los valores marcados con * son aproximaciones

No warranty is given for the accuracy of this data
 Stainless steel, austenitic, AISI 304L, annealed Página 2 de 8

Mechanical properties
Young's modulus 191 - 205 GPa
Specific stiffness 24.1 - 26 MN.m/kg
Yield strength (ela stic limit) 190 - 310 MPa
Tensile strength 480 - 620 MPa
Specific strength 24 - 39.2 kN.m/kg
Elongation * 45 - 60 % strain
Compressive strength * 190 - 310 MPa
Flexural modulus * 191 - 205 GPa
Flexural strength (modulus of rupture) 190 - 310 MPa
Shear modulus 74 - 82 GPa
Bulk modulus 135 - 152 GPa
Poisson's ratio 0.265 - 0.275
Shape factor 63
Hardness - Vickers * 170 - 210 HV
Hardness - Rockwell B 75 - 83 HRB
Hardness - Rockwell C * 0 - 13 HRC
Hardness - Brinell * 143 - 201 HB
Elastic stored energy (springs) 126 - 177 kJ/m^3
Fatigue strength at 10^7 cycles * 262 - 290 MPa
Fatigue strength model (stress range) * 214 - 354 MPa
Parámetros: Stress Ratio = -1, Number of Cycles = 1e7cycles
Fatigue strength model
(stress range) (MPa)

500

100 1000 10000 100000 1e6 1e7 1e8

Number of Cycles
Stress Ratio=-1

Impact & fracture properties

Fracture toughness * 54 - 70 MPa.m^0.5
Toughness (G) 14.9 - 24.4 kJ/m^2

Los valores marcados con * son aproximaciones

No warranty is given for the accuracy of this data
 Stainless steel, austenitic, AISI 304L, annealed Página 3 de 8

Thermal properties
Melting point 1.4e3 - 1.45e3 °C
Maximum service temperature 750 - 925 °C
Minimum service temperature -200 °C
Thermal conductivity 14 - 16 W/m.°C
Specific heat capacity 490 - 530 J/kg.°C
Thermal expansion coefficient 16 - 18 µstrain/°C
Thermal shock resistance 56.2 - 93 °C
Thermal distortion resistance * 0.808 - 0.963 MW/m
Latent heat of fusion * 260 - 285 kJ/kg

Electrical properties
Electrical resistivity 65 - 77 µohm.cm
Electrical conductivity 2.24 - 2.65 %IACS
Galvanic potential * -0.15 - -0.07 V

Magnetic properties
Magnetic type Non-magnetic

Optical, aesthetic and acoustic properties

Transparency Opaque
Acoustic velocity 4.91e3 - 5.1e3 m/s
Mechanical loss coefficient (tan delta) * 9.5e-4 - 0.0014

Critical materials risk

Contains >5wt% critical elements? Yes

Processing properties
Metal casting Unsuitable
Metal cold forming Excellent
Metal hot forming Acceptable
Metal press forming Excellent
Metal deep drawing Excellent
Machining speed 25.3 m/min
Weldability Excellent
Notes Preheating and post weld heat treatments may be required

Weldability - MIG Excellent

Weldability - plasma Excellent
Weldability - SAW Excellent
Weldability - TIG Excellent
Brazeability Fair

Los valores marcados con * son aproximaciones

No warranty is given for the accuracy of this data
 Stainless steel, austenitic, AISI 304L, annealed Página 4 de 8

Carbon equivalency 0.733 - 0.997

Durability
Water (fresh) Excellent
Water (salt) Excellent
Weak acids Excellent
Strong acids Excellent
Weak alkalis Excellent
Strong alkalis Excellent
Organic solvents Excellent
Oxidation at 500C Excellent
UV radiation (sunlight) Excellent
Galling resistance (adhesive wear) Limited use
Notes
Aluminum bronze is the most suitable mating material to minimize galling.
Flammability Non-flammable

Corrosion resistance of metals

Pitting resistance equivalent number (PREN) 18 - 20
Pitting and crevice corrosion resistance Low (<20)
Stress corrosion cracking Susceptible
Notes Rated in chloride; Other susceptible environments: Hydrogen sulfide

Intergranular (weld line) corrosion resistance Good

Inorganic acids Moderate
Organic acids Moderate
Alkalis Moderate
Humidity / water Excellent
Sea water Moderate
Sour oil and gas Moderate

Primary production energy, CO2 and water

Embodied energy, primary production 63.5 - 70 MJ/kg
Sources
56.7 MJ/kg (Hammond and Jones, 2008); 76.6 MJ/kg (Ecoinvent v2.2)
CO2 footprint, primary production 4.31 - 4.76 kg/kg
Sources
4.53 kg/kg (Ecoinvent v2.2)
Water usage * 138 - 153 l/kg

Processing energy, CO2 footprint & water

Roll forming, forging energy * 2.23 - 2.46 MJ/kg
Roll forming, forging CO2 * 0.167 - 0.185 kg/kg
Roll forming, forging water * 2.5 - 3.76 l/kg

Los valores marcados con * son aproximaciones

No warranty is given for the accuracy of this data
 Stainless steel, austenitic, AISI 304L, annealed Página 5 de 8

Extrusion, foil rolling energy * 4.17 - 4.61 MJ/kg

Extrusion, foil rolling CO2 * 0.313 - 0.346 kg/kg
Extrusion, foil rolling water * 3.34 - 5 l/kg
Wire drawing energy * 14.9 - 16.4 MJ/kg
Wire drawing CO2 * 1.12 - 1.23 kg/kg
Wire drawing water * 5.6 - 8.41 l/kg
Metal powder forming energy * 37.8 - 41.7 MJ/kg
Metal powder forming CO2 * 3.02 - 3.34 kg/kg
Metal powder forming water * 41.2 - 61.8 l/kg
Vaporization energy * 1.09e4 - 1.2e4 MJ/kg
Vaporization CO2 * 815 - 900 kg/kg
Vaporization water * 4.53e3 - 6.79e3 l/kg
Coarse machining energy (per unit wt removed) * 0.767 - 0.847 MJ/kg
Coarse machining CO2 (per unit wt removed) * 0.0575 - 0.0636 kg/kg
Fine machining energy (per unit wt removed) * 3.39 - 3.75 MJ/kg
Fine machining CO2 (per unit wt removed) * 0.254 - 0.281 kg/kg
Grinding energy (per unit wt removed) * 6.31 - 6.97 MJ/kg
Grinding CO2 (per unit wt removed) * 0.473 - 0.523 kg/kg
Non-conventional machining energy (per unit wt removed) * 109 - 120 MJ/kg
Non-conventional machining CO2 (per unit wt removed) * 8.15 - 9 kg/kg

Recycling and end of life

Recycle
Embodied energy, recycling * 14.1 - 15.5 MJ/kg
CO2 footprint, recycling * 1.1 - 1.22 kg/kg
Recycle fraction in current supply 35.5 - 39.3 %
Downcycle
Combust for energy recovery
Landfill
Biodegrade

Notes
Warning
Corrosion resistance to nitric acid drops off rapidly at concentrations above 65% - consider using aluminum or a
high-silicon cast iron for such applications.

Other notes
Best resistance to nitric acid of any stainless steel - but still may not be good enough in highly concentrated (>65%) acid. 304L
Special (with extremely low carbon and low silicon, phosphorus and sulfur contents) is an improved version of this steel.

Keywords

Los valores marcados con * son aproximaciones

No warranty is given for the accuracy of this data
 Stainless steel, austenitic, AISI 304L, annealed Página 6 de 8

ARGESTE 4306 LA/LF/SB/VC, Stahlwerk Ergste Westig GmbH (GERMANY); STAINWELD 308-15, Lincoln Electric Co. (USA);
STAINWELD 308-16, Lincoln Electric Co. (USA); SPARTAN REDHEUGH 305S19, Spartan Redheugh Ltd (UK); EASTERN
STAINLESS TYPE 347, Eastern Stainless Corp. (USA); PROJECT 70 STAINLESS TYPE 347, Carpenter Technology Corp.
(USA); EASTERN STAINLESS TYPE 304L, Eastern Stainless Corp. (USA); PROJECT 7000 STAINLESS TYPE 304L, Carpenter
Technology Corp. (USA); PROJECT 70 STAINLESS TYPE 304L, Carpenter Technology Corp. (USA); SPARTAN REDHEUGH
347S31, Spartan Redheugh Ltd (UK); ARGESTE 3956 AN, Stahlwerk Ergste Westig GmbH (GERMANY); EASTERN
STAINLESS TYPE 321, Eastern Stainless Corp. (USA); PROJECT 70 STAINLESS TYPE 321, Carpenter Technology Corp.
(USA); ARGESTE 4541 TA/SC/TB/TW, Stahlwerk Ergste Westig GmbH (GERMANY); SPARTAN REDHEUGH 321S31, Spartan
Redheugh Ltd (UK);

Standards with similar compositions

Los valores marcados con * son aproximaciones

No warranty is given for the accuracy of this data
 Stainless steel, austenitic, AISI 304L, annealed Página 7 de 8

• Australia:
304L to AS 1449, 304L to AS 2837
• Canada:
304L to CSA G110.3, 304L to CSA G110.6, 304L to CSA G110.9
• China:
00Cr18Ni10N to GB 1220, 00Cr18Ni10N to GB 4237, 00Cr18Ni10N to GB/T 14975, 00Cr18Ni10N to GB/T 14976,
00Cr18Ni10N to GB/T 3280, 00Cr18Ni10N to GB/T 4239, 00Cr18Ni10N to GB/T 6725, 00Cr19Ni10 to GB 1220, 00Cr19Ni1 0 to
GB 13296, 00Cr19Ni10 to GB 4237, 00Cr19Ni10 to GB/T 12770, 00Cr19Ni10 to GB/T 12771, 00Cr19Ni10 to GB/T 14975,
00Cr19Ni10 to GB/T 14976, 00Cr19Ni10 to GB/T 3090, 00Cr19Ni10 to GB/T 3280, 00Cr19Ni10 to GB/T 4239, 00Cr19Ni10 to
GB/T 4356, 00Cr19Ni10 to GB/T 6725
• Czech Republic:
17240 to CSN 417240
• Finland:
X2CrNi1810 to SFS 720
• France:
Z2CN18.10 to AFNOR NF A35-572, Z2CN18.10 to AFNOR NF A35-573, Z2CN18.10 to AFNOR NF A35-575
• India:
20Cr18Ni2 to IS 11714/4, 20Cr18Ni2 to IS 11714/5, X02Cr18Ni11 to IS 6527, X02Cr18Ni11 to IS 6528, X02Cr19Ni10 to IS
1570/5, X02Cr19Ni10 to IS 6911
• International:
10 to ISO 683-13, F46 to ISO 2604-1, F47 to ISO 2604-1, TW46 to ISO 2604-5, X2CrNi18-10 to ISO 9327-5, X2CrNi18-10 to
ISO 9329-4, X2CrNi18-10 to ISO 9330-6, X2CrNi18-10E to ISO 4954
• Italy:
X2CrNi1811 to UNI 6901, X2CrNi1811 to UNI 6904, X2CrNi1811 to UNI 7500, X2CrNi1811 to UNI 8317, X5CrNi1810 to UNI
6904
• Mexico:
MT304L to NMX-B-171, TP304L to NMX-B-229
• Norway:
14360 to NS 14360
• Spain:
F.3503 to UNE 36016, F.3503 to UNE 36087, X2CrNi19-10 to UNE 36016, X2CrNi19-10 to UNE 36087
• UK:
304C12 to BS 3100, 304C12LT196 to BS 3100, 304S11 to BS 1449/2, 304S11 to BS 1506, 304S11 to BS 3605/1, 304S11 to
BS 3606, 304S11 to BS 6258, 304S11 to BS 970/1, 304S16 to BS 1449/2
• USA:
304L to ASTM A473, 304L to ASTM A478-97, 304L to ASTM A793-96, 304L to FED QQ-S-763F, 304L to FED QQ-S-766D, 304L
to MIL-P-1144D, 304L to MIL-S-27419, 304L to MIL-S-4043B, 304L to MIL-S-862B, 304L to MIL-T-8606C, 304L to SAE J467,
5511 to AMS 5511, 5647 to AMS 5647, CR304L to ASTM A403/A403M, F304L to ASTM A182/A182M, F304L to ASTM
A336/A336M, F304L to ASTM A965/A965M, MT304L to ASTM A511, MT-304L to ASTM A554, S30403 to ASTM A240/A240M,
S30403 to ASTM A276, S30403 to ASTM A314-97, S30403 to ASTM A479/A479M, S30403 to ASTM A580/A580M-98, S30403
to ASTM A666, S30403 to ASTM A959, S30403 to ASTM A988/A988M-98, S30403 to SAE J405, TP304L to ASTM A213/A213M,
TP304L to ASTM A249/A249M, TP304L to ASTM A269, TP304L to ASTM A270, TP304L to ASTM A312/A312M, TP304L to
ASTM A409/A409M, TP304L to ASTM A632, TP304L to ASTM A688/A688M, TP304L to ASTM A774/A774M, TP304L to ASTM
A778, TP304L to ASTM A814/A814M, TP304L to ASTM A851, TP304L to ASTM A943/A943M, UNS S30403, WP304L to ASTM
A403/A403M
• Tradenames:
ACX 200, EASTERN STAINLESS TYPE 304L, EUTECTRODE E347-16, INOXEND 308L, JESSOP 304L, NOVONIT 4316 B,
NOVONIT 4316 R, OK 61.30, OLSA-304L, PROJECT 70 STAINLESS TYPE 304L, PROJECT 7000 STAINLESS TYPE 304L,
SANDVIK 3R12, SANDVIK SANMAC 304L, SLATER TYPE 304L, SPARTAN REDHEUGH 304S11, SPARTAN REDHEUGH
304S16

Enlaces
ProcessUniverse

Los valores marcados con * son aproximaciones

No warranty is given for the accuracy of this data
 Stainless steel, austenitic, AISI 304L, annealed Página 8 de 8

Producers
Reference
Shape

Los valores marcados con * son aproximaciones

No warranty is given for the accuracy of this data