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STONE AGE
SS
R
A
RM
PA
History
Ancient Medieval Modern
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Ancient History
SS
Archeology History
No written text Written text
Excavation
Stone Age
R Copper Age Bronze Age
A
use of stones to make use of copper use of Bronze
tools and other things Harappa Age
Proto-historic
RM
Pre-historic Written evidence
but cannot be
No written
understood
evidence
PA
Categorised on the basis of
Stone Age
stones used
Palaeolithic Mesolithic Neolithic
(5 Lakh BC-10,000 BC) (9,000 BC-4,000 BC) (7,000 BC-1000 BC)
AD (Anno Domini) or
BC (Before Christ) CE (Common Era)
C
200 BC Jesus Christ
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Crust
Earth: 4000 Million years old
4th stage Quaternary stage
Mantle
Pleistocene Holocene
Ice Age
R
After Ice Age
Core
A
Palaeolithic (Palaeo: old; lithic: stone)
RM
Lower/Early Palaeolithic Middle Palaeolithic Upper Palaeolithic
5 Lakh BC-50,000 BC 50,000-40,000 BC 40,000-10,000 BC
PA
Ice Age Based upon ‘flake’ technology Coincided with last phase
Main occupation: Hunting & food of Pleistocene
Lower Palaeolithic sites: gathering Appearance of Homo
Soan/Sohan: Punjab sapiens (modern man)
Belan Valley: Uttar Pradesh Cave/Rock shelters Famous site: Bhimbetka
Didwana: Rajasthan (Madhya Pradesh)
Nevasa: Maharashtra Caves/rock shelters
Hunasagi/Hungsi: Karnataka Flint stone
Pahalgam: Kashmir
Patne: Maharashtra Ostrich evidence found for the first time
Other Upper Palaeolithic sites:
Inamgaon
Maharashtra
Nevada
Didwana: Rajasthan
Mesolithic (Meso: middle; Lithic: stone)
C
SS
Basics Geographical Distribution Microliths
Meaning: Late Stone Age/ Langhnaj: Gujarat Micro: small; Lith:
Mesolithic/Microlithic period (District: Mehsana) Hunters and stones
8000 BC-4000 BC Bhimbetka: Madhya Herders
Transitional phase between
Palaeolithic and Neolithic
Warmer climate; increased flora
R Pradesh (near Bhopal)
Chopani Mando: Uttar
Pradesh (near Allahabad
A
and fauna in Belan Valley)
Provides earliest
Bagor: Rajasthan
evidence of
RM
Sanganakallu: Karnataka
domestication of
Tuticorin: Southern Tamil
animals
Nadu
Adamgarh: Madhya
Pradesh
PA
Neolithic (Neo: new; Lithic: stone)
Food producers Practiced agriculture
7000 BC-10,000 BC
Pottery To store excess food grains (black and red pottery)
Art Bhimbetka (rock paintings of humans, birds, animals)
Neolithic people owned property
Sites:
Mehrgarh: Baluchistan (evidence of houses, crops like: wheat, barley, cotton)
Kashmir Valley: Burzahom and Gufkral
Burzahom:
16 km West of Srinagar
Domestic dogs were buried with their masters (skeleton evidence) Tools and weapons made of
People lived on a lake side in pits
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Bones except Chirand
Gufkral:
It is also known as ‘cave of potters’ (41 km Southwest of Srinagar)
SS
Agriculture and domestication of animals
Bihar: Chirand (Bone tools)
Karnataka: Sanganakallu, Brahmagiri, Maski, Piklihal, Hallur Millet cultivation
Uttar Pradesh: Allahabad Cultivation of rice
Andhra Pradesh:
Around Bhima, Krishna and Tungabadra rivers
Budihal
Utnur: earliest site
R
A
Nagarjunakonda
Tamil Nadu: Paiyampalli and Kaveri
Belan Valley: Koldihwa and Mahagara (domestication of Rice in 7000 BC)
RM
Garo Hills in Meghalaya Cu mines
Daojali Hading: Assam (Jadeite stone seen here) Khetri mines (RJ)
Catal Huyuk: Turkey (one of the first human protocities) Malajkhand (MP)
1st metal to be discovered by humans: Copper
PA
Chacolithics (Copper Age/Chalcolitjic Age)
People lived in rural communities
Earliest Ganeshwar (Rajasthan)
Sites:
Tools made of copper obtained
South-eastern Rajasthan: Ahar and Gilund (near Banas Valley)
Eastern India: Chirand (Ganga), Burdwan district, Midnapore district
Western Madhya Pradesh: Malwa (Narmada), Kayatha (Kalisindh), Eran
Western Maharashtra: Jorwe (first) Parvara (Godavari)
Svalda (Tapti river)
Under Jorwe:
Nevasa
Daimabad (largest site)
Chandoli
Inamgaon
Nasik
Navdatoli (Narmada)
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Burial Habits:
They practiced ‘Urn’ burial
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Did not know about horses and burnt bricks
Pottery:
Black and red
Ochre coloured pottery
One liners (from MCQs)
R
A
The word India that came from the Indus is called Sindhu in Sanskrit
RM
Megalith (grave/memorial) that were the stone pieces set in a circular shape around the
grave: Cairn circle
The practice of erecting Megaliths began about: 3000 years ago
A celt in Neolithic period is: A tool
PA
First Rice evidence: Koldihwa (Uttar Pradesh)
The skull of Homo erectus was found in: Hathnora (Madhya Pradesh near Narmada)
Gauri Gun Dam (site): Telangana
