6 enough time to cover the garden chairs before it starts to snow? 7 ___ easy to predict the weather nowadays 8 According to the weather forecast, sunny tomorrow. 9 _____anyone in our schoo! interested in taking part in the environment project next week? 10 Before we take off to fasten your seatbelt UNIT 5 WORK Perfect tenses important Present perfect simple eee es 1 ‘ve (shave) we haven't (=have not) You They He/Shertt Have 1 seen this lm? | Yes, have. we No,thaventt. | } you they j——__. bey. Has he/she/it We use the present perfect simple when we: > speak about events related to the present situation. Ive lost some weight. (Im thinner now) ‘haven't drunk any coffee today. (That's why Im still cache > speak about our own or somebody's experiences, but don't describe precisely when they took place. Ivemet alt of famous people in my life ‘She's sailed across the Atlantic. > speak about how ong a situation has existed. * ‘have been il fora week. Peter has had a headache since yesterday. Time expressions ‘We use the present perfect simple with: > ever and never when we speak about experiences. Have you ever seen a horror film? Ive never been to Budapest, > just and already in affirmative sentences. They've just gore out We've already had lunch. 3 IED > yet in negatives and questions. Thaven'thad breakfast yet. Hove you done your homework yet? > forand since. We use for when we say how long an action or state has lasted, and since when we say ‘when something started te known him for three years/five minutes/a long time. We've lived here since 1999/March/we were children, Present perfect continuous 1 ve) been watching T. | We have not) been You They He/Sheyit‘s(=has) been hasnt (has not been | | Have 1 been Yes Ihave. we watching TV? | No, havent. you Sale| a | Has hevsherit Yes, he has. | No, he hasnt. We use the present perfect continuous when we: > speak about a situation or an action that began in the past and is stil going on; we are emphasizing the action itself and the fact that it has lasted continuously for some time. ‘have been coughing fora week (tm stil coughing) Ive been reading this novel since last weekend. (\ haventt finished reading it yet) > describe an action that has lasted for some time until now, the effects of which are still visible or can be experienced, thas been raining for hours. The roads are very wet. Both tenses have very similar meanings, especially when we use them with verbs describing continuous actions, 2.9, wait lve, or work with the time expressions for or since. ‘He's waited a long time for this moment. e's been waiting a long time for this moment. However, note that the present perfect simple tense is sed mostly when we speak about a single activity that has just ended. The present perfect continuous tense is sed when we want to emphasize the activity itself and its duration. Wedone my homework. (The emphasis is on the completion of the work) ve been doing my homework for an hour, (The emphasis Is on the length of time) The present perfect continuous tense is not used with verbs expressing states, sch as be, ie; believe, have. Ive been a teacher since 2008,Present perfect simple, present perfect continuous, 2 Choose the correct wordin each sentence (1-8). past simple es "We use the present perfect, | when we speak about "| experiences and activities. without specifying when they happened. In sentences in this tense we often use the "adverbs ever never just yet "and already, oncertwice. Have you ever been to Spain? ‘ve never ben o Spain || Carrie has stayed at this hotel | twice | We use the present perfect _, simple and present perfect continuous when we speak about finished or unfinished | activities or stuations which "| have a visible effect now. We often combine these tenses J with since and for, as well as how long || Hes been weitng forusfor ‘we hours Ive fved in Germany all yi. 1. Complete the sentences (1-6) with the correct form rd ‘We use the past simple when ‘we speak about activities which happened ata specific ‘momentin the past. We often use words and phrases such as ago, ast weel/year, in 2009, yesterday and when | as eight with this tense. We also use the past simple in ‘questions with when, When did Lee go to Spain? Lee went to Spain last year ‘We use the past simple when ‘we speak about activities or situations which were finished in the past. He came here two hours ago. ‘ved in Germany from 2002 02006, ‘of the verbs in brackets. Use the present perfect simple. 1 Brad Pie great films. 2 3 We (star) in some (you/see) World War Z? (be) to the cinema three times this month. you still watching it? 5 Anew-cinema town. 6 Thechildren of their popcorn. (the filmfinish) or are _ (open) in (not eat! all 1. My sisters had a piano for/since she was nine years old. 2. Have you ever/never met a famous actor? 3 [haven't seen the film already/yet. 4 Ive ever/never seen a Quentin Tarantino fl. 5. We've already/yet bought tickets for the film festival 6 He's been an actor for/since ten years 7 They've just/yet finished making a new film, 8 We've been in the cinema since/for an hour. ‘Complete the sentences (1-10) with the correct “form of the verbs in brackets. Use the present perfect simple or present perfect continuous. 1 Doctor Holmes ___(examine) seven patients this moming 2 Granny ___ (take) these pil for a year, think she few hundied of them, 3. Thesurgeons_______ (operate) since this morning and they (perform) three operations. 4 Icanitget this medicine anywhere, 1__ (be to three chemist’. (swallow) a 5 My grandfather _____(not eat) meat fora very long time. 6 Maggie (practise) yoga for a long time. She __ (take) a lot of yoga courses. 7 Thechildren ___ (never fat ill with flu 8 |___(sneeze) a lot recently. think it's hay fever. 9 Fred_______ (exercise) all afternoon. He (do) 100 push-ups so far! 10 | ).That’s why my hair is wet. 4 Complete the sentences (1-6) with the correct word (a,b, cord). 1. Have you travelled around Europe? a ever bonever ¢ already d yet 2. We've had our English teacher __ the beginning of term afor just yet d since 3. Max hasn't been on holiday — assince bago c yet d never 4 Im sorry. You cant speek to Jack. He's gone out. a since b just yet d never 5. Mysister met her boyfrend summer. asine bfor c last d ago 6 Imnot hungry. Ive had a sandwich. ayet bsince cever d already5 Fill in the gaps (1-14) with the correct form of the verbs in brackets. Use the past simple or the present perfect. eee — Dear Alice, We? {not hear) from you fora long time sol? (decide) to write to you and find out if everything is OK with you. | hope you ® (enjoy) your stay in Brighton last month. How long ago + tyourcome) back? * (you/meet) anybody interesting there? Nothing (change) much round here since you”, (leave). The bad news is that \¢__ (fait my driving test again! When | . (approach) the junction, rm (not notice) when the lights # (turn) red and | (drive) on. The good news is that Peter and Amanda 8 Gust get) married. They “___ (fly) to.a Greek island for their honeymoon last weekend. Please write soon. Take care, Clare 6 Complete the sentences (1-10) with the correct form of the verbs in brackets. Use the present perfect simple, present perfect continuous or past simple. vt (be) on a diet for three weeks now but (not lose) a single pound yet 2 They (spend) their holidays in Tuscany three times, 3. When Tricia (be) a student, she _____ (live) in a hall of residence for almost a year. 4 We _____ solve) crossword puzzles for two hours. So far we (Golve) five of them. , (be) last ill ages ago. 5 Robert 6 You look very tied. What (you/do)? 7 That dress looks nice. Where (you/buy) it? 8 |___ {not see) my grandparents since (begin) my university course. 9. Anna is one of the most interesting people 1 _— (meet) in my life 10 first ___ (go) to London ten years ago and | (return) several times since then. 7 Fill in the gaps (1-12) with the correct form of the verbs in brackets, Use the present perfect simple, present perfect continuous or past simple. eee DJ HiTom, How are things? We * York last Saturday and we * (explore) ever since. We *_ (already/be) to Central Park, and this moming we * (visit) the Statue of Liberty My brother is very happy! He * (eat) non-stop. You know how much he loves his food! We® (find) so many interesting restaurants in New York, and so many different types of cuisines! | love Mexican and Chinese. We x (not try) sushi yet. but that's next {arrive in New on our ist, This afternoon, we ® Times Square. * (look) round (youleveribe) there? It's amazing. (neverisee) so many ‘reat shops in one place. | wanted to go to Macy's too, but we"! (not have) tine today. Maybe welll go tomorrow. Anyway, (youimiss) me allthis time? | can’t wait to see you! ‘See you when | get back! Love Tess ‘8 Complete the second sentence in each pair so it has the same meaning as the first sentence. 1. We've already done a maths test today. We it earlier today. 2 | last ate meat three years aga |__ meat for three years. 3. Ita long time since Ive played football |_____ football fora long time. 4 Ive just seen Tara I Tara a few minutes ago. 5. | didn't have breakfast when | got up. |___breaifast yer 6 He moved to London years ago He________in London for years.