Scribd
Upload
134 views3 pages

Seed Anatomy and Testing Methods

A seed contains an embryonic plant surrounded by protective coatings. The main parts of seeds include the radicle, epicotyl, hypocotyl, cotyledon, embryo, endosperm, and seed coat. Good quality seeds are fresh, mature, weed-free, and disease-free. Common methods to test seed germination are the rag doll method using moistened paper, the seed box method using trays, and the dinner plate method dividing portions. Germination percentage is calculated by dividing the number of healthy seedlings by the total seeds tested and multiplying by 100.

Uploaded by

Maria Fe Gonzaga
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
134 views3 pages

Seed Anatomy and Testing Methods

A seed contains an embryonic plant surrounded by protective coatings. The main parts of seeds include the radicle, epicotyl, hypocotyl, cotyledon, embryo, endosperm, and seed coat. Good quality seeds are fresh, mature, weed-free, and disease-free. Common methods to test seed germination are the rag doll method using moistened paper, the seed box method using trays, and the dinner plate method dividing portions. Germination percentage is calculated by dividing the number of healthy seedlings by the total seeds tested and multiplying by 100.

Uploaded by

Maria Fe Gonzaga
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

- Maria Fe J.

Gonzaga BEED 2-A

 SEED
- A seed is an embryonic plant enclosed in a protective outer covering. The
formation of the seed is part of the process of reproduction in seed plants,
the spermatophytes, including the gymnosperm and angiosperm plants

 The main parts of seeds


1. Radicle- The primary root, or radicle, is the first organ to appear when a
seed germinates. It grows downward into the soil, anchoring the
seedling.
2. Epicotyl - An epicotyl is important for the beginning stages of a plant's
life. It is the region of a seedling stem above the stalks of the seed leaves
of an embryo plant. It grows rapidly, showing hypogeal germination, and
extends the stem above the soil surface.
3. Hypocotyl - The hypocotyl (short for "hypocotyledonous stem", meaning
"below seed leaf") is the stem of a germinating seedling, found below
the cotyledons (seed leaves) and above the radicle (root).
4. Cotyledon- cotyledon, seed leaf within the embryo of a seed.
Cotyledons help supply the nutrition a plant embryo needs to germinate
and become established as a photosynthetic organism and may
themselves be a source of nutritional reserves or may aid the embryo in
metabolizing nutrition stored elsewhere in the seed.
5. Embryo - The embryo is the fertilised ovule, an immature plant from
which a new plant will grow under proper conditions. The embryo has
one cotyledon or seed leaf in monocotyledons, two cotyledons in almost
all dicotyledons and two or more in gymnosperms.
6. Endosperm - endosperm, tissue that surrounds and nourishes the
embryo in the seeds of angiosperms (flowering plants). In some seeds
the endosperm is completely absorbed at maturity (e.g., pea and bean),
and the fleshy food-storing cotyledons nourish the embryo as it
germinates.
7. Seed coat- The outer covering of a seed is called the seed coat. Seed
coats help protect the embryo from injury and also from drying out.
Seed coats can be thin and soft as in beans or thick and hard as in locust
or coconut seeds.

 Characteristics of good quality seed:


1. Seeds are variable
2. It is usually fresh
3. Full grown mature
4. Prototype
5. Free from weeds
6. Free from seed born diseases

 Methods of seeds testing


1. Ragdoll Methods - A “ragdoll” consists of a rolled tube of moistened
paper containing the seeds to be tested for germination, placed in
plastic bag and stored in a warm place for several days. Seedlings are
counted as they ger- minate and are removed, giving the per-
centage of actual germination.

2. Seed box Methods - Seed box method is the process of germinating


your seedlings in one flat tray. Usually 3–4 inches deep. Why do we
use this method? Imagine I have Parsley seeds and I want to
germinate them in a large quantity and then transfer the seedlings to
the ground and plant them in a uniform spacing.

3. Dinnerplate Methods - The plate method is a technique of dividing


up your plate to enable you to measure out appropriate portion sizes
of different foods. The plate method can be used to aid weight
management and can also be helpful for people with diabetes in
managing carbohydrate intake.
 Percentage of germination
- Calculating results To calculate germination percentage, divide the number
of healthy seedlings by the total number of seeds in the test and multiply
by 100. For example, if you started with 25 seeds and had 20 healthy
sprouts, your germination rate would be 80%.

You might also like