Teter) = bat dea, dy gods Zee ye Kel a (3,\,3) code cover GFLH) —— ~~ H-motrix Bi ars BER codes : R, flys c= LD 5s cea, A-\comecu¥ive cooks 2 Ol, Xp ee As design aoronce dS A Sypdromes: “Based on ta feck Wet Clee Follows brem Cle) = mL GEd, Yadzo Sache) Yat). ae Boobs oe) oe S zo & Be & Ta) s Cle) +eLQ , Serle): ele) cloe)se , ets). Dex sa(s,S,...,5)_, a * maa) nated AAA Caewnes 2a ees, ey ayConsider ns% t=) 1 Consent cocks Cov, 4) From tes fy agets oP) ae eles s:(s,syeeWec/s \ Tae ot eit ee (eigen t) ’ ty a» In Qenesal 1 s na a -{ 1 at Gott ‘y dwt : (eo y eae ig Bal ye ee a lit et af Reconting Bch Codeo Petersen's Direct method (a) = error Poly. = eed to t Nem ale Ae | ose) 1 & seh We only yaice the lotabions When ¢ toDouble subseipt net Nobaien Gs! = ercor potion o + Soares a in a6 Basic Preble : Sypdeows s2clo’y Conseewbive roots. of, at, .... ort Sa cS 2.06) 2 TE eke)” ay sehen itee e 7 tee & Sect! There ma oe only Vo erme locakions gee eh oe aes EEN de > 10> 4 n a re Ciascty@ &x) & etx) eae Sed Cso , reyeiece = Ssteo ss Ve ot ® (Bee Sat) Sa tpoS a ety ot 1 ener local ion and g. - D ise—» Symbol Red = GF(2) > &Froc focater field GFC2") o's Consecutive corks ox & GFE") > -S/s___are_oolues sn GPO") We write X= oat 7 x im hog x | , S = X 4X, a ae! Scot) 2 14 Cot 2 tat In geen, = Se bot) ee) ety 2 SAS Cotte xan’ Sy S 2 OO: axe, oe greets ta ae reguse aes Ba ge). whee @ Solve Per X= ot hare -¢ 2 ercer local Crnene) A(x) = error \ecaber poly. 2 t AL) 2 TH (1+ Xx) aS at XE SECM, od vertg ch Me xt £ Ke oly xge eto” q e- ee et Zt cok @ e AQ) = Ae Ay \ . ia Wars2 | AGds aXe) VaXa)e tener ene apAst, As X+% Ns XX @@ NeS 1) Sakek In Brel Keto ke Toke tage aK, (eae XX Kg ee eK KO, pies KK 4 SDE EEO Ta ee a aK 2 x Re ayer Neuiten's Identitien Krom © ond OD) S+hso SN aeeehe @ Sah Sah 438, Math esa ne ot leg ae tT ty FG Ge > Wey + Wote that the above ccentities are linea in fl, Where <= are known = ria) i Using Meutton's iclentities , we Solve for N. ond Fence ACA = error locater Pay. Then, we Pinel the roots x" { se. This gives Kot an fence 42 exer loca tik,@ Mote: In GF) , r=0 =) 3-4 prove i 7 2 2 oo > SeS 55S, > no information on checedy rene we, bush camels cao an From the about, Yu Sipdrome Sequence, Ror binne Coden is Mus Wa NY conskeained woth an Sypdcomes loeimy Mac Smarts corer —inaered syrowin Given nis Cons\eaint, one wea nol woke Use a all Newhon's iclentihes ia ordu 6 obtain the cotfitrents o the error locator poly. + Assume thet vst evors fave occured , t serve cowechion cxpabi lity the BcH code. Then Alew teats folintities are reduced 7 a System d teat ious int unknowns , S+4- S+45+A5 +4, 20 Ss 4 Tatas et sacs\eo @ Ee aces + x® orcad sthuntion) GF (24) => ek prmkive in GF (2) Consider (1S, 4,5) Bch code , t=2 ft = Tl%) = CE) | esc) +e) Gee Yew 6 7, Sarletd sete) srr aad =e Se et Spt y Mow, we use Mewhoa's soleatities as before for rzb= ca Shae Sach, S +AS4+KS co (The mete x Porn : : : S give, itu Teak) Self Wewhenrs teleaditiva ever GFL Roc SE $5 one Gute ia Ma tentSolulions are Bor wz A. S=ot ; AG aa Noa From Yableo GFE (2%), we have 4~—8 5 = As ht+tsa oo AG) = oy dxsl alow, we Fiad Ke rooks fc in GF(2‘) use false Chacis A(x) = Aus er ee vols => X atl (ie, BY pehien woe) => erree pes ien g oo AS. &=2, we hove 7 - sR ¥ $ €= (y,2,2,0, yoy\ 1°) Aside Even_after. Piackey AGA, it Fee unals ja GFC2™) AM Rag os, WE dedare a decoder Failure Ge, oad canoah)-What f we Rad assumed yay Weike oa code fe IBcH decook. hat implements Beclakomp decoding algoritim: 4 Binding Hy Beton locaton nomines_latcpa} - Recall thet the last step ia cet of Bel codeo is 8 Find the reciprocals of the roots of AG). + One possible way ts do this is through Chien's Seacch Ciccwil. THis circurk also performs error Correction Ye describe Pow aleconls.va\ e_ done , le arte PONs Beek an My‘ss + Te cise decodes the received vector tort by bib, eo Gite the Wah ordke bits fish. That is 15 deur Tua te decoder Teshs whether fis an ervey Vocation namie °F nok. This is equivalent: tS Vesting) ats inverse being a cect of AG) or not. Tk &X is a rock) then Ads May-\= hayhety the 4 The aloove comes Brom Mh Gd2 A eA Kan at + Werelore, re decode. ro Me decoder forms a feet + TP Fhe Sum Ales 1 then of 15 an aeror location number aad 6.15 em erronems digl Obmerwise FIs a Corcech hah . Vo decode © 5 the deende Berms het, Ads Act ond Fesks Re Sum ACotl.e Ale). , iP Alo®) 2 1, Hen of is a cock \dwadec, AS im error, otWer WISE sh 1g Correck-cae chiens search cieewit e From SS Bsc at step = J 7 dM Sea Mook AG = 4 Step td “af Ey vs Xie sts, Heal tee => Correct pesikien Mysdlacaeeaee Se = anon = le fe Nes am Decoding of wren-Binaryy BOM _ARS. Codes) + Some idea as Wo racy Care bak one must now Had tooth AR error locator cred ercer Value = mon-tgco element of GF) . wt ews < oy = L. ext cron Poly, wt 2 € (yz, £ wenn Sat) = GEC) ~The decodiwy i done iw 2 Steps, G) Pind the errec lecakers, (it) Find the ecrom volwes Syndeomes: PO = FQ) => CON = ON s gas ect" a m + etl sg ee yse@)\o8 —— : ete) se x+e xX ) , vebere we Roc - . eee ay GFL), 2 z — Ga 2 xX 4 e x Benue qe EX. Consider. G non- binary BCH : Code over GFR) with etx: eee OO): x2 a xs e's in oa ¢ esr tte +. e 7 ia Soe IRS ei gt ean TE oe STDS me ae S_s= ex i ae i. omd if we Knew x, » we Can Find @ Since e the S's are noun. Decod steps: ()_Fiest_ Pind x the bed xX as, ene a Qe ent op Al bsvox eo (2) Solve Por A C2) Form AG) s Ate elheas a. (a) Test for root x in We errom leaker Field , tris gives % (8) Solve Sor e ‘t aan ae wx Implementation of Golois Field Arthmebic: To implement addition in GF(2*), one needs @ registecs Por each element as shen + Whes Re reqakeuoA ore clocked, the Sum is lead “Weta oh,@ Q)_Molipliaction a. Fretd clement Rey a Fixed elena} Consider, GFL") cmd suppose Ge Wonk TE walligh @ Field element Bin CFM) by ox —— ee Sane redayet a ~ Be ye Cyr yaa bed atect One Con implement Hris, maliglicakion wsing Re Recdboacte shh mgister loelow : Ui) The vecher ity Glo, A? \Sleadud Ga) The eegister is Clocked , and He new conbents a tn The PORpbeL Porm ake Uecker meptsedalie ft B. we let Bs ct =\qaqol a» FEV ol) hee ae, ae <\saq AP sr paya 2 we ro el (pee contests) @ = See Book P. 2,220,221 or more crests,r ” Encoding o} Cyclic Codes + ~~ We Feedback hilt Regster Problem: Generale all the Vectors in GEC) aE | PUds Syst sp ledso, ts ay! e a The circah above perfeems divisien Jans Po x= x primbive > Stabe sacar ore (2°), GL, 2) “Yale ef state Usriaives i x Bs as = Regehers. 2 an 6 © 1 aon, a \ ae \ ° Bowe ma git Stee oe Ta E on \ \ aow a (ae ie mE) Dg es 6 a 7 eu WE use His Circuit TE agnerabke Chi) Mermmind ed SW) = tx) = Podwz e mernod: You Rave mid, form 2 md THis i gash thu coor dinabe. Y m te Re E end ACs Cz Cam) , Where BOM. 2 MLO mod QO od Ma degree EY BW ge. U1 Gate open #52, ks swt owt my iat Whe Chonned Close Sete , f= KA, wo) Nii) sogten and move, Seikch te Wb UW) Clock out Re pacity ueeler Ib, one te oT enc cycle .