HIS L3: PRIMARY HEALTH CARE and the PHILIPPINE HEALTH CARE DELIVERY SYSTEM RTRMF
Alma Ata Declaration Health of 1978 ✓ Public policy that integrates health into all
Health is a fundamental human right and that sectors
the attainment of the highest possible level of health is
a most important world-wide social goal whose ✓ Leadership that enhances collaborative models
realization requires the action of many other social and of policy dialogue
economic sectors in addition to the health sector
✓ Increased stakeholder participation.
Essential Elements of Primary Health Care
Astana Declaration ✓ Education concerning prevailing health
Reaffirming the commitments expressed in the
problems and the methods of identifying,
ambitious and visionary Declaration of Alma-Ata 1978
preventing and controlling them.
and the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, in
pursuit of Health for All. ✓ Locally endemic disease prevention and control.
Health Care ✓ Expanded program of immunization against
Health Care System major infectious diseases.
“An organized plan of health services” (Miller- ✓ Maternal and child health care including family
Keane, 1987) planning.
Health Care Delivery ✓ Essential drugs arrangement.
“The rendering of health care services to the ✓ Nutritional food supplement, an adequate
people” (Williams-Tungpalan, 1981) supply of safe and basic nutrition.
Health Care Delivery System ✓ Treatment of communicable and non-
“The network of health facilities and personnel communicable disease and promotion of
which carries out the task of rendering health care to mental health.
the people” (Williams-Tungpalan, 1981) ✓ Safe water and sanitation.
Philippine Health Care System Objective of Primary Health Care
✓ Improve the level of health care of the
“A complex set of organizations interacting to provide
community
an array of health services” (Dizon, 1977)
✓ Promote favorable population growth structure
Goals of Primary Health Care
The ultimate goal of primary health care is ✓ Reduce the morbidity and mortality rates
better health for all especially among infants and children
Key elements to achieve the goal: ✓ Reduce prevalence of preventable,
✓ Universal coverage to reduce exclusion and communicable and other diseases.
social disparities in health ✓ Improve basic sanitation
✓ Service delivery organized around people's ✓ Extend essential health services especially to
needs and expectations the underserved sectors
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HIS L3: PRIMARY HEALTH CARE and the PHILIPPINE HEALTH CARE DELIVERY SYSTEM RTRMF
✓ Develop the capability of the community to Directing
become self-reliant
• this focuses on initiating action in the
✓ Encourage the contribution of other sectors to organization through effective leadership and
the social and economic development of the motivation of, and communication of managers
community
Authority
✓ Provide equitable distribution of health care
• a manager's formal and legitimate right to make
✓ Ensure community participation and monitor decisions, issue orders, and allocate resources
adequacy and distribution of health workers to achieve organizationally desired outcomes
who are supported locally and at the referral
levels. Responsibility
✓ Recognize that the formal health sector needs • an employee's duty to perform assigned task or
other sectors in the promotion of health activities
(multisectoral approach)
Accountability
✓ Use the appropriate technology which are
• means that those with authority and
accessible, feasible, affordable, and culturally
responsibility must report and justify task
acceptable to the community.
outcomes to those above them in the chain of
Management of Primary Health Care command
Planning
Line Authority
• setting priorities and determining performance
• managers have the formal power to direct and
targets
control immediate subordinates
Organizing • the superior issues orders and is responsible for
the results
• this refers to the management function on
• the subordinate obeys and is responsible only
designing the organization or the specific
for executing the order according to
division, unit, or service for which the manager
instructions
is responsible
Functional Authority
Staffing
• where managers have formal power over a
• this function refers to acquiring and retaining
specific subset of activities
human resources and developing and
maintaining the workforce Staff Authority
Controlling • it is not a real authority in the sense that a staff
manager does not order or instruct but simply
• this function refers to monitoring staff activities
advises, recommends, and counsels in the staff
and performance and taking the appropriate
specialists' area of expertise
actions for corrective action to increase
performance
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HIS L3: PRIMARY HEALTH CARE and the PHILIPPINE HEALTH CARE DELIVERY SYSTEM RTRMF
Centralization Levels of Health Care System
• the location of decision making authority near ✓ Primary Level
top organizational levels This includes rural health units, their
sub-centers, chest clinics, malaria
Decentralization eradication units, and schistosomiasis
control units operated by the DOH.
• the location of decision making authority near
✓ Secondary Level
lower organizational levels
These are the smaller, non-
Formalization departmentalized hospitals including
emergency and regional hospitals in which
• the written documentation provided for the services to patients with symptomatic
direct control of the employees stages of disease, which require moderately
Philippine Health Care System specialized knowledge and technical
The Department of Health Mandate resources for adequate treatment are
offered.
The Department of Health shall be responsible for the ✓ Tertiary Level
following: These are the highly technological and
sophisticated services offered by medical
✓ Primary function is to promote, protect and
centers and large hospitals. These are the
preserve or restore people’s health by giving
specialized national hospitals.
health services and by monitoring and
motivating health service providers. Levels of Primary Health Care Workers
(E.O. No. 119, Sec. 3)
A. VILLAGE OR GRASSROOT HEALTH WORKERS
✓ To create, plan, implement and systematize
national health policies, advocacies and ✓ First contacts of the community and initial
programs. links of health care.
✓ Issuance of health-related licenses and ✓ Provide simple curative and preventive
accreditations and disseminating information health care measures promoting healthy
about national health indicators. environment.
Vision by 2030: ✓ Participate in activities geared towards the
improvement of the socio-economic level of
“A global leader for attaining better health the community like food production
outcomes, competitive and responsible health care program.
system and equitable health financing”
✓ Community health worker, volunteers or
Mission: traditional birth attendants.
To guarantee equitable, sustainable and quality B. INTERMEDIATE LEVEL HEALTH WORKERS
health for all Filipinos, especially the poor and to
lead the quest for excellence in health. ✓ Represent the first source of professional
health care
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HIS L3: PRIMARY HEALTH CARE and the PHILIPPINE HEALTH CARE DELIVERY SYSTEM RTRMF
✓ Attends to health problems beyond the unpredictable, implications for health in the
competence of village workers years ahead.
✓ Provide support to front-line health workers ✓ The support for a renewal of PHC stems from
in terms of supervision, training, supplies, the growing realization among health policy-
and services. makers that it can provide a stronger sense of
direction and unity in the current context of
✓ Medical practitioners, nurses and midwives. fragmentation of health systems, and an
C. FIRST LINE HOSPITAL PERSONNEL alternative to the assorted quick fixes currently
touted as cures for the health sectors ills.
✓ Provide backup health services for cases
that require hospitalization ✓ Present-day health systems are a patchwork of
components, many of which may be far
✓ Establish close contact with intermediate removed from the goals set out 30 years ago.
level health workers or village health These same health systems are converging.
workers Driven by the demographic, financial and social
pressures of modernization, they increasingly
✓ Physicians with specialty, nurses, dentist,
share the aims of improved health equity,
pharmacists, other health professionals
people-centered care, and a better protection
Key Points to Remember of the health of their populations.
✓ A global stewardship is emerging from
✓ The increasing weight of some of the key values
intensified exchanges between countries, often
underlying these expectations equity, solidarity,
in recognition of shared threats, challenges or
the centrality of people and their wish to have a
opportunities from growing solidarity; and from
say in what affects them and their health is a
the global commitment to eliminate poverty
long-term trend.
exemplified in the Millennium Development
Goals (MDGs).
✓ The Philippine Health Care System underwent
continuous changes through the years in which
to provide quality healthcare for all remains as
its main goal.
✓ The growing reality that many individuals
present with complex symptoms and multiple
illnesses challenges service delivery to develop
more integrated and comprehensive case
management. A complex web of interrelated
factors is at work, involving gradual but long
term increases in income and population,
climate change, challenges to food security, and
social tensions, all with definite, but largely
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