Disaster Readiness

and Risk Reduction

Quarter 1 – Module 17:
Different Volcano Hazard Maps

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Module 17
 What I Need to Know

This module was designed and written with you in mind. It is here to help you master
the Different Volcano Hazard Maps. The scope of this module permits it to be used
in many different learning situations. The language used recognizes the diverse
vocabulary level of students. The lessons are arranged to follow the standard sequence
of the course. But the order in which you read them can be changed to correspond with
the textbook you are now using.

After going through this module, you are expected to:

1. Interpret different volcano hazard maps;
2. Demonstrate how to use the different volcano hazard maps;
3. Appreciate the importance of knowing the volcano hazard map; and
4. Manifest readiness in facing volcanic hazards through.

What I Know

Pre-test
Directions: Choose the letter of the best answer. Write the chosen letter on a separate
sheet of paper.

1. What map highlights areas that are affected by or are vulnerable to a

particular disaster?
a. Archeological Map c. Hazard Map
b. Global Map d. Wind Map

2. If you are under a volcano warning, which of the following is NOT best to do?
a. Protect yourself from falling ash.
b. Follow evacuation or shelter orders.
c. Just stay home to protect your properties.
d. Listen for emergency information and alerts.

3. What hazard is associated with potential earthquakes in a particular area?

a. Allergens c. Quasi-natural Hazard
b. Man-made Hazard d. Seismic Hazard

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4. What is the significance of studying the various signs of approaching volcanic
eruption?
a. To acquire knowledge c. To promote safety
b. To be well-informed d. To acquire skills

5. Which among the following is the LEAST use of a hazard map?

a. Mitigation plans c. emergency response
b. Planning purposes d. Public aid guidelines

6. What do you a volcano that has not erupted for a long time but is expected to
erupt again in the future?
a. Active volcano c. Extinct Volcano
b. Dormant Volcano d. Hazardous Volcano

7. What is the HIGHEST volcanic alert level in the Philippines?

a. 0 c. 5
b. 3 d. 7

8. Which of the following is an ACTIVE volcano?

a. Mount Arayat c. Mount Makiling
b. Mount Banahaw d. Mount Pinatubo

9. Which among the following volcanoes is the MOST Active?

a. Mount Bulusan c. Mayon Volcano
b. Mount Kanlaon d. Taal in Volcano

10. How far is the Permanent Danger Zone (PDZ) from a volcano?
a. 3 kms. Radius c. 5 kms. Radius
b. 4 kms. Radius d. 6 kms. Radius

11. What does it mean to have volcanic Alert Level 4?

a. Increasing Volcanic Unrest
b. On-going Hazardous Eruption
c. Hazardous Eruption Imminent
d. Increasing Tendency towards Eruption

12.Which among the following descriptions of volcanic alert level is the MOST
alarming?
a. Increasing Volcanic Unrest
b. On-going Hazardous Eruption
c. Hazardous Eruption Imminent
d. Increasing Tendency towards Eruption

13. What is the name of the volcanic authority in the Philippines?

a. NDRRMC c. PhilREDcross
b. PAGASA d. PHIVOLCS

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14. Based on the lava flow hazard map of Mayon Volcano above, how
many kilometres from the crater is considered prone to lava flow?

a. 4 kms
b. 6 kms
c. 7 kms
d. 8 kms

15.Which part of the Philippines is highly vulnerable to volcanic related

hazards?

a. Calabarzon
b. Central Luzon
c. Davao Region
d. Central Visayas

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 Lesson
Different Volcano Hazard
1 Maps
In this world where abrupt weather condition occurs, it is important that you know
the characteristics of the place you are living. This lesson will help you identify places
that are prone to volcano hazard around the Philippines and/or communities near
you through different volcano hazard maps.

What’s In

Activity 1: The Dangerous One!

Directions: Study carefully the picture below, and then think the possible hazards
that happened on this natural phenomenon.

Source: Taal Volcano Eruption 2020, Actual Footage retrieved from https://i.ytimg.com/vi/ykFtlCqjR8A/maxres
default.jpg

1. What are the possible hazards that happened on this volcanic eruption?

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2. Describe each possible hazard in this event.

3. Are there negative effects on this natural phenomenon to human, animals, and
environment? If yes, then explain.

4. How would you mitigate the negative effect of volcanic hazards?

What’s New

The active volcanoes in

the Philippines are
indicated by red
triangles. It can be
easily identified because
of the indicators.

Source: Philippines Volcano

Location Maps,
https://www.bing.com/images

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Based on the Philippines Volcano Location Maps,
1. Identify five (5) different active volcanoes in the Philippines using the map
above. Write your answers on the space provided.

2. Fill out the table below by listing 5 volcanoes and indicate its provinces.

List of active volcanoes Province

a.
b.
c.
d.
e.

3. How is it important to you to be aware of the different locations of active

volcanoes in our country?

What is It

Seismic hazard is the hazard related with probable earthquakes in a particular area.
The possible hazards caused by an earthquake is normally shown in a seismic hazard
map that shows how likely can a disaster affect the lives of people living in that area
and how can they prepare better for the approaching disaster.

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The volcano authority in the Philippines is the Philippine Institute of Volcanology and
Seismology (Phivolcs). The alert level system used by Phivolcs runs from Alert Level
0 (lowest) to Alert Level 5 (highest) as shown in the table below.

Alert Level Description Volcanic Activity

0 No Alert • Quiet
• No eruption in the
foreseeable future
1 Abnormal • Low level unrest
• No eruption imminent
2 Increasing Unrest • Moderate unrest
• Unrest probably of magmatic
origin, could eventually lead
to eruption

3 Increasing Tendency • Relatively high unrest

Towards Eruption • Magma is close to the crater.

4 Hazardous Eruption • Intense unrest

Imminent • Hazardous eruption is
possible within days.

5 Hazardous Eruption • Hazardous eruption ongoing

What is the difference between an active, erupting, dormant and extinct volcano?

An active volcano is a volcano that has had at least one eruption during the past
10,000 years. An active volcano might be erupting or dormant.
An erupting volcano is an active volcano that is having an eruption.
A dormant volcano is an active volcano that is not erupting, but supposed to erupt
again.
An extinct volcano has not had an eruption for at least 10,000 years and is not
expected to erupt again in a comparable time scale of the future.

Source: “What is the difference between an active, erupting, dormant and extinct volcano?”, Volcano Discovery,
https://www.volcanodiscovery.com/volcanoes/faq/active_erupting.html

Volcanoes can be very dangerous to human beings. History proves that in every
volcanic eruption there is always a great damage in terms of lives and properties.
Therefore, people must know how to read and understand precautions in order to
reduce the amount of damages that it may possibly cause.

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One way of preparing ourselves is to know how to read and interpret warning through
the use of maps, just like the given examples below.

Illustration 1.1

Source: Taal Volcano Hazard Maps and Summary of Prone Barangays, Philippine Institute of Volcanology and
Seismology, January, 2020,
https://www.phivolcs.dost.gov.ph/index.php/volcano-hazard/gisweb-volcano-hazard-maps

This volcanic hazard map basically shows the ballistic projectile or the rocks that an
erupting volcano may throw into the air. Looking into the legend of the map the areas
in pink, specifically the towns of Balete, San Roque and Talisay, are the places that
will mostly be affected by this hazard. It is therefore very important that people in
these areas be notified and warned about the disaster that may happen to them in
case of volcanic eruption.

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Illustration 1.2

Source: Taal Volcano Hazard Maps and Summary of Prone Barangays, Philippine Institute of Volcanology and
Seismology, January, 2020,
https://www.phivolcs.dost.gov.ph/index.php/volcano-hazard/gisweb-volcano-hazard-maps

This hazard map indicates the susceptibility of the those colored areas to ground
infolding, fast outward moving and raging, dilute clouds of gas and ash that are
discharged from an erupting volcano. Those areas must be warned from heavy ash
fall and pyroclastic materials that are harmful to the health of people especially those
with respiratory problems.

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Illustration 1.3

Source: Taal Volcano Hazard Maps and Summary of Prone Barangays, Philippine Institute of Volcanology and
Seismology, January, 2020,
https://www.phivolcs.dost.gov.ph/index.php/volcano-hazard/gisweb-volcano-hazard-maps

Fissure eruptions occur when magma flows up through cracks in the ground and
leaks out into the surface. Fissures can damage infrastructures, and pose great threat
to the health of people and livestock. As shown in the hazard map, those areas in
yellow will be greatly suffered from fissure and Tsunami, in a worst case scenario, in
case of volcanic eruption. Therefore, it is very important that people in these areas
know the hazards that they may experience and must be vigilant on the activity of
Taal Volcano.

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 What’s More

Activity 2: The Danger Zone of the Perfect Cone

Direction: Study carefully the map and answer the questions below on the space
provided.

Source: Boobyer, Leigh, January 22, 2018, https://www.express.co.uk/news/world/908064/

Mayon-volcano-danger-zone-map-eruption-philippines-threat-level

1. How many kilometers are considered as danger zones based on the map above?

2. List down the 3 cities that are within the 8 kilometer- Danger zones of Mt.
Mayon.

3. What are the safe cities depicted on the map above?

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Activity 3: The Danger Zone

Direction: Study carefully the

map and answer the
questions below on the space
provided.

Source:
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/
commons/thumb/1/1a/Taal_Volcano_D
anger_Zone.svg/1200px-
Taal_Volcano_Danger_Zone.svg.png

1. Based on the map above, list down the places in Batangas province which
belong to the 15 km radius danger zone?

2. What are the places which belong to both 7 & 10 Km. danger zones?

3. Among the provinces present on the map, which is most affected?

Activity 3: Read Me
Direction: Read the article and answer the questions that follow.
The Importance of Hazard Maps in Averting Disasters
By Alfredo Mahar Lagmay

Hazards are forever a threat but can be managed if we learn the lessons from past
disasters. Over the years, it has become clear that effective disaster prevention
and mitigation entails two important aspects. The first is the delivery of accurate,
readily accessible, understandable and timely warnings. It is the responsibility of
government and should be executed using the best science and advanced tools.
The second entails the appropriate response of people when they are given a
warning. This is the more difficult part because it requires the long-term
involvement of everyone and not when it’s too late -people must educate
themselves on the different hazards, know the dangers in their neighborhood and
practice evacuation drills. These long-term preparations need to be accompanied
by reliable hazard maps that depict scenarios of hazards in a community. It is
imperative that the maps be accurate because all plans, even if well executed, will
fail if they are wrong.

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Inaccurate maps may have cost the lives of thousands Filipinos in the past. Take
for example the 2012 Barangay Andap disaster in New Bataan, Compostela Valley
where 566 people heeded warnings by seeking refuge in an evacuation center.
Instead of being relocated to a safe shelter, the evacuation center became their
grave when debris flows overwhelmed the site. Another example is the Yola nda
disaster. Notwithstanding the shortcomings of the storm surge warnings, there
were people who dutifully trooped to evacuation centers in Tacloban where they
met their untimely death. Seventy percent of evacuation centers in Tacloban were
inundated by storm surges, which only tells us that the storm surge hazard maps
were erroneous if they were used in the city’s disaster mitigation plan. Otherwise,
the evacuation centers would not have been located in those places.

To rectify the problem, the Department of Science and Technology embarked on a

program on 6 July 2012 called the Nationwide Operational Assessment of Hazards
(NOAH). Using frontier science and advanced technology, we are now able to map
out the Philippine landscape at very high resolution. From maps that depicted the
land with vertical accuracy of ± 6-7 meters and horizontal resolution of 30 meters,
we now have maps that have a vertical accuracy up to ±15 centimeters and
horizontal resolution of 1 meter. This is the initial stage to create detailed maps
that show hazards at barangay level. Armed with the knowledge on the physics of
how water flows and stability of mountains, we can now use powerful computers
to simulate floods and landslides to identify hazardous areas. More importantly,
we are also able to identify safe areas, which
are the suitable sites for evacuation centers and future development of areas not
prone to natural hazards. Previous maps, which are still the official maps used
today, except in the 171 municipalities in the Yolanda corridor, have hazards
shown everywhere in the map. Such hazard maps make it difficult to assess an
area to build a well-planned and resilient community against disasters.

DOST-Project NOAH has completed the detailed hazard maps for landslides and
storm surges. Flood hazard maps, however, are still incomplete because they are
more difficult to generate. Hopefully, they will be finished soon. All maps are
available in the DOST-Project NOAH website at http://noah.dost.gov.ph and in
an award-winning mobile app called Arko. The NOAH maps are distributed to
empower local government units (LGUs) and individuals. By knowing the hazards
in their neighborhood, people are made aware of the dangers in their community
– the first step in effective disaster preparedness and mitigation. In the Philippine
context, however, the availability of these online maps is inadequate because not
every Filipino has access to the Internet. Atlases or the hardcopy version of the
digital hazard maps are needed by each barangay. Schools need them as well
because it is an excellent place to develop skills in map reading. The landslide and
storm surge hazard atlases have already been prepared for every province and are
waiting to be printed.

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 The sooner there is a budget for their printing and distribution; the earlier
communities can strategize their actions. Without the hazard maps, no amount of
warning will suffice in efforts to avert disasters. Warnings need to be matched
with the appropriate response, which only happens when there is a reliable map
to map a good plan.
Source: https://center.noah.up.edu.ph/the-importance-of-hazard-maps-in-averting-disasters/
This article was originally published in the Manila Bulletin on February 29, 2016.

1. According to the article, what are the important aspects of disaster prevention?

2. What is the importance of giving appropriate warning in an approaching disaster?

3. What is the importance of hazard maps?

What I Have Learned

Activity 5: Tell me

Direction: Fill in the blanks with your correct answer.

1. is hazard related with probable earthquakes in a particular area.
2. is an alert level of volcanic activity which is moderately unrest, unrest
probably because of magmatic origin, and could eventually lead to eruption.
3. is an alert level of volcanic activity which has imminent hazardous
eruption imminent, intense unrest and hazardous eruption that is possible within
days.
4. is an alert level of volcanic activity which has increasing tendency
towards eruption; relatively high unrest magma is close to the crater.
5. is an alert level of volcanic activity which has ongoing hazardous
eruption.
6. is a volcano that has had at least one eruption during the past
10,000 years. It might be erupting or dormant.
7. is an active volcano that is having an eruption.
8. is an active volcano that is not erupting, but supposed to erupt
again.
9. has not had an eruption for at least 10,000 years and is not
expected to erupt again in a comparable time scale of the future.

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 What I Can Do

Activity 6: Show Me the Way

Direction: Draw an emergency hazard map for your community where you
can evacuate during natural calamity such as volcanic eruption.

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 Assessment

Multiple Choice. Choose the letter of the best answer.

1. The HIGHEST volcanic alert level in the Philippines is .
a. 0 c. 5
b. 3 d. 7

2. The name of the volcanic authority in the Philippines is .

a. NDRRMC c. PhilREDcross
b. PAGASA d. PHIVOLCS

3. A volcano that has not erupted for a long time but is expected to erupt again
in the future is called .
a. Active volcano c. Extinct Volcano
b. Dormant Volcano d. Hazardous Volcano

4. The map that highlights areas which are affected by or are vulnerable to a
particular disaster is called .
a. Archeological Map c. Hazard Map
b. Global Map d. Wind Map

5. is an ACTIVE volcano.
a. Mount Arayat c. Mount Makiling
b. Mount Banahaw d. Mount Pinatubo

6. The hazard that is associated with potential earthquakes in a particular area

is known as .
a. Allergens c. Quasi-natural Hazard
b. Man-made Hazard d. Seismic Hazard

7. It is NOT best to when you are under a volcano warning.

a. Protect yourself from falling ash.
b. Follow evacuation or shelter orders.
c. Just stay home to protect your properties.
d. Listen for emergency information and alerts.

8. The LEAST use of a hazard map among the following is .

a. Mitigation plans c. emergency response
b. Planning purposes d. Public aid guidelines

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9. The significance of studying the various signs of approaching volcanic eruption
is .
a. To acquire knowledge c. To promote safety
b. To be well-informed d. To acquire skills

10.The most alarming description of volcanic alert level is .

a. Increasing Volcanic Unrest
b. On-going Hazardous Eruption
c. Hazardous Eruption Imminent
d. Increasing Tendency Towards Eruption

11. The he Permanent Danger Zone (PDZ) from a volcano is

.
a. 3 kms. Radius c. 5 kms. Radius
b. 4 kms. Radius d. 6 kms. Radius

12. The meaning of volcanic Alert Level 4 is .

a. Increasing Volcanic Unrest
b. On-going Hazardous Eruption
c. Hazardous Eruption Imminent
d. Increasing Tendency towards Eruption

13. Part of the Philippines that is highly vulnerable to volcanic related

hazards based on the hazard map is .

a. Calabarzon
b. Central Luzon
c. Davao Region
d. Central Visayas

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 14.Based on the lava flow hazard map of Mayon volcano above, the distance
from the crater that is prone to lava flow is .

a. 4 kms
b. 6 kms
c. 7 kms
d. 8 kms

15. The MOST Active among the following volcanoes is .

a. Mount Bulusan c. Mayon Volcano
b. Mount Kanlaon d. Taal in Volcano

Additional Activities

Enrichment Activity

Watch a video or in YouTube about the eruption of Taal volcano last January 12,
2020, however if internet connection is not available, you can have newspaper as
your reference material. Further search for a different hazard maps on that particular
event, identify the areas affected by the eruption. Write your reactions about the
different hazard maps that include places surrounding the Taal volcano.

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KEY ANSWERS

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