PSAD 3: Reinforced Concrete Design

Name: Date:

Situation 1 - A simply supported beam 300 mm Situation 2 - A 300-mm wide rectangular beam has
wide, 500 mm deep and spans 6 m supports a ser- an effective depth of d = 490 mm. Compression
vice super imposed dead load of 10 kN/m and ser- steel, if required, shall have its centroid 60 mm from
vice live load of 6 kN/m. Concrete strength f’c = 21 the extreme concrete compression fiber. Use fc’ = 28
MPa and steel yield strength fy = 420 MPa. Concrete MPa and fy= 280 MPa. For an ultimate moment ca-
cover to bar centroid is 70 mm. pacity of 600 kN–m,

1. Determine the required depth of stress block in 10. Determine the maximum factored moment
mm at ultimate stage. strength of the beam section based on a strain
A. 56.22 C. 81.21 of 0.004.
B. 60.55 D. 69.03 A. 416.10 kN–m C. 461.77 kN–m
B. 435.35 kN–m D. 424.21 kN–m
2. Determine the tensile strain compatible with
crushing of concrete. 11. Determine the required tension steel area in
A. 0.0151 C. 0.0104 mm2.
B. 0.0128 D. 0.0043 A. 6310 C. 6202
B. 6485 D. 6111
3. Determine the minimum required amount of
tensile reinforcement in mm^2. 12. Determine the required compression steel area
A. 409 C. 352 in mm2.
B. 500 D. 430 A. 1758 C. 2130
B. 1945 D. 1500
4. Determine the required amount of tensile rein-
forcement in mm^2. Situation 3 - A rectangular beam 250 mm wide, 500
A. 725 C. 1048 mm deep is reinforced at the bottom with 6-20-mm-
B. 880 D. 772 diameter bars, distributed evenly in two layers with
vertical clear distance of 25 mm between layers, and
5. Determine the number of 16-mm-diameter at the top with 2-16-mm bars enclosed with 10-mm-
flexure bars at midspan. dia stirrups. Use concrete strength f’c = 21 MPa and
A. 3 C. 4 steel yield strength fy = 420 MPa for 20-mm bars
B. 6 D. 5 and fy = 280 MPa for 16-mm bars.

6. Determine the minimum required tensile steel 13. Determine the maximum steel ratio for a singly
ratio for a singly reinforced section. reinforced condition in positive bending with
A. 0.00414 C. 0.00273 the given material strengths if the tensile strain
B. 0.00385 D. 0.00333 is limited to 0.004 upon crushing of concrete.
A. 0.01548 C. 0.01249
7. Determine the required tensile steel ratio to B. 0.02837 D. 0.01923
sustain maximum factored moment.
A. 0.00534 C. 0.00682 14. Determine the steel ratio in positive bending.
B. 0.00598 D. 0.00812 A. 0.01477 C. 0.02158
B. 0.02458 D. 0.01806
8. Determine the tensile steel ratio to obtain a ten-
sion controlled section. 15. Determine the depth (mm) of uniform concrete
A. 0.01076 C. 0.01355 compressive stress block at ultimate stage in
B. 0.01593 D. 0.01548 positive bending.
A. 152.18 C. 142.10
9. Determine the clear spacing (mm) between B. 164.79 D. 135.36
bars when laid out individually in a single layer
with ds = 10 mm, and concrete cover to the 16. Determine the nominal moment capacity in
outermost reinforcement is 40 mm. kN–m of the beam in positive bending.
A. 50.67 C. 22.67 A. 188.30 C. 272.33
B. 42.33 D. 37.33 B. 174.31 D. 202.57

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17. Determine the steel ratio in negative bending. 25. Considering a T-beam geometry in positive
A. 0.01477 C. 0.02158 bending for the midspan of girder EF, calculate
B. 0.00364 D. 0.01806 the depth of the uniform stress block in mm.
A. 12.124 C. 7.099
18. Determine the nominal moment capacity in B. 10.549 D. 8.788
kN–m of the beam in negative bending.
A. 45.07 C. 52.83 26. Calculate the required amount of bottom bars
B. 47.55 D. 48.35 in mm^2 for girder EF assuming a T-beam ge-
ometry.
Situation 4 - A monolithic floor framing plan is A. 662 C. 701
shown in the figure. The columns are 300 mm B. 810 D. 538
square, girders are 250 mm wide by 500 mm deep
and slabs are 100 mm thick. The floor loads include Situation 5 - The given I-shaped beam in the fol-
floor finish of 1.5 kPa, ceiling system of 0.75 kPa, lowing figure is reinforced with 10-mm-diameter
partition load of 1.0 kPa and live load of 4.8 kPa. Bar stirrups. Material strengths are f’c = 28 MPa and fy
centroid from the edge of the beam is 70 mm. Use = 420 MPa.
f’c = 21 MPa and fy = 280 MPa,
5.5 m 6m 5.8 m
A D
B C
2.5 m
E F G H

2.5 m
J K L
I

2.5 m
M N O P

19. Calculate the total factored floor load in kPa.

A. 13.26 C. 11.58
B. 14.46 D. 16.45
27. Calculate the design shear strength of concrete
20. Calculate the factored uniform load on member
in kN.
EF in kN/m.
A. 73.86 C. 62.19
A. 39.03 C. 38.91
B. 265.36 D. 199.03
B. 35.65 D. 36.45
28. Calculate the required spacing of stirrups at the
21. Calculate the maximum ultimate bending mo-
critical section under a factored shear force of
ment at midspan of girder EF in kN–m.
200 kN. section.
A. 68.86 C. 65.96
A. 120 mm C. 130 mm
B. 60.25 D. 75.38
B. 250 mm D. 360 mm
22. Calculate the ultimate bending moment at face
Situation 6 - A prismatic beam having 300 mm x
of column F for member EF in kN–m.
500 mm is reinforced for flexure at the bottom with
A. 128.80 C. 105.54
5-ϕ20 mm with an effective depth of 420 mm. It is
B. 115.93 D. 87.95
simply supported over a span of 4.5 m and supports
a factored concentrated load of 450 kN at midspan.
23. Calculate the factored shear force in kN at face
Concrete weighs 24 kN/m3, Concrete strength f’c =
of column F for girder EF.
21 MPa.
A. 101.5 C. 116.7
B. 123.4 D. 107.3
29. Calculate the ultimate shear force (kN) at criti-
cal section for shear, distance “d” from face of
24. Calculate the effective flange width in mm of
support.
girder EF for consideration of a T-beam geome-
A. 234.72 C. 216.57
try in positive bending.
B. 232.91 D. 225.00
A. 1550 C. 2500
B. 1300 D. 1645
30. Calculate the nominal shear strength of con-
crete (kN) using simplified formula of NSCP
2015.

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 A. 73.619 C. 101.20 Situation 8 - A short rectangular column 500 mm
B. 134.933 D. 98.159 on one side and 800 mm on the other side. It is re-
inforced with 10-28-mm-diameter longitudinal
31. Determine the required spacing (mm) of 2 legs bars equally distributed to the shorter sides of the
of 10 mm diameter shear bars at the critical sec- column. The centroid of the bars is 76 mm from the
tion when using simplified formula for shear concrete surface. Use f’c = 30 MPa and fy = 420 MPa.
strength of concrete and fyt = 420 MPa.
A. 150 C. 130 39. Determine the design axial strength of the col-
B. 240 D. 210 umn using reduction factor of 0.65.
A. 12.59 MN C. 8.40 MN
32. Calculate the nominal shear strength of con- B. 6.57 MN D. 11.36 MN
crete (kN) using detailed formula of NSCP 2015.
A. 119.088 C. 167.447 40. Determine the nominal axial strength of the col-
B. 142.315 D. 134.003 umn at balanced condition with bending about
the strong axis.
33. Determine the required spacing (mm) of 2 legs A. 5.21 MN C. 4.64 MN
of 10 mm diameter shear bars at the critical sec- B. 4.53 MN D. 6.55 MN
tion when using detailed formula for shear
strength of concrete and fyt = 420 MPa. 41. Determine the location of the plastic centroid
A. 140 C. 130 from the short side of the column.
B. 240 D. 210 A. 250 mm C. 400 mm
B. 300 mm D. 350 mm
Situation 7 - A spiral column has a diameter of 600
mm and reinforced with 8-φ28 mm vertical bars of 42. Determine the nominal moment in kN–m the
fy = 415 MPa confined with 12-mmdiameter spiral column can sustain at balanced condition.
bar with fy = 275 MPa. Use f’c = 21 MPa. A. 828 C. 1425
B. 1287 D. 1845
34. Calculate the maximum ultimate pure axial load
the column could carry as allowed by NSCP if it 43. Determine balanced eccentricity.
is confined by spiral reinforcement. A. 300 C. 350
A. 4465 kN C. 3922 kN B. 375 D. 400
B. 4762 kN D. 5252 kN
Situation 9 - To comply with architectural require-
35. Which of the following gives the minimum re- ments, a column in a non-sway frame is of T-section
quired percentage of spiral steel ratio? as shown. Neglect the concrete area displaced by
A. 0.916% C. 1.139% the steel. fc’ = 27.5 MPa, and fy = 415 MPa. Clear con-
B. 0.607% D. 0.754% crete cover is 40 mm. 6–20mmϕ bars in compres-
sion, 4–28mmϕ in tension, 10mmϕ lateral ties.
36. Which of the following gives the spacing of the y
spirals in mm?
A. 70 mm C. 50 mm
B. 100 mm D. 90 mm
150
37. Calculate the nominal shear strength of con-
crete in kN. x
A. 212.16 C. 190.71 300
B. 249.60 D. 224.36
150
38. Calculate the design sectional shear strength of
column if it is reinforced with circular ties 12
mm in diameter, spaced at 100 mm on centers.
Use fy = 275 MPa. 250 350
A. 522.94 C. 385.55
B. 436.32 D. 392.20
44. Determine the location of the plastic centroid of
the section measured from the y–axis.
A. 250.00 mm C. 299.45 mm
B. 271.74 mm D. 300.00 mm

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 45. Determine the bending moment Mu induced by (a) Slabs
a factored load Pu = 3000 kN acting along the x- with spans
axis at 400 mm from y–axis. not exceed-
A. 451.8 kN–m C. 384.8 kN–m ing 3 m.
B. 364.1 kN–m D. 412.0 kN–m (b) Beams
Face of all where ratio
supports of sum of 𝑤𝑢 ℓ𝑛2
satisfying column 12
NSCP 2015 PROVISIONS (a) or (b) stiffnesses
to beam
406.5 Simplified Method of Analysis for Non-Pre- stiffness ex-
stressed Continuous Beams and One-way Slabs ceeds 8 at
each end of
406.5.1 It shall be permitted to calculate Mu and Vu span
due to gravity loads in accordance with this section for
[1] To calculate negative moments, ℓn shall be the av-
continuous beams and one-way slabs satisfying (a)
erage of the adjacent clear span lengths.
through (e):
a. Members are prismatic.
406.5.4 Vu due to gravity loads shall be calculated in
b. Loads are uniformly distributed.
accordance with Table 406.5.4.
c. L ≤ 3D
d. There are at least two spans.
Table 406.5.4 Approximate Shears for Non-Pre-
e. The longer of two adjacent spans does not exceed
stressed Continuous Beams and One-Way Slabs
the shorter by more than 20 percent.
Location Vu
406.5.2 Mu due to gravity loads shall be calculated in
Exterior face of first interior 1.15𝑤𝑢 ℓ𝑛
accordance with Table 406.5.2.
support 2
𝑤𝑢 ℓ𝑛
Table 406.5.2 Approximate Moments for Non-Pre- Face of all other supports
stressed Continuous Beams and One-Way Slabs 2

409.6.1.1 A minimum area of flexural reinforcement

Moment Location Condition Mu
As,min shall be provided at every section where tension
Discontinu-
reinforcement is required by analysis.
ous end in- 𝑤𝑢 ℓ𝑛2
tegral with 14 409.6.1.2 As,min shall be the greater of (a) and (b), ex-
End span support
cept as provided in Section 409.6.1.3. For a statically
Positive Discontinu- determinate beam with a flange in tension, the value
𝑤𝑢 ℓ𝑛2
ous end un-
11 of bw shall be lesser of bf and 2bw.
restrained
Interior 𝑤𝑢 ℓ𝑛2 1.4
All 0.25√𝑓𝑐 ′
spans 16 (a) 𝑏𝑤 𝑑 (𝑏) 𝑏 𝑑
𝑓𝑦 𝑓𝑦 𝑤
Member
built inte-
grally with 𝑤𝑢 ℓ𝑛2 420.6.1.3.1 Non–prestressed cast-in-place concrete
supporting members shall have specified concrete cover for rein-
Interior 24
spandrel forcement at least that given in Table 420.6.1.3.1.
face of ex-
beam
terior sup- Table 420.6.1.3.1
Member
port Specified Concrete Cover for Cast-in-Place Non-
built inte-
𝑤𝑢 ℓ𝑛2 Prestressed Concrete Members
Nega- grally with
tive[1] supporting 16
column Concrete Reinforce- Specified
Member
2 Exposure ment cover, mm
Exterior 𝑤𝑢 ℓ𝑛
Two spans Cast against
face of first 9
interior and perma-
More than 𝑤𝑢 ℓ𝑛2
support nently in All All 75
two spans 10 contact with
Face of
𝑤𝑢 ℓ𝑛2 ground
Other sup- All
ports 11

REFRESHER: APR 2024

 20 mm ϕ
through 58 mm 50 422.5.5.1 For non-prestressed members without ax-
Exposed to
ϕ bars ial force, Vc, shall be calculated by:
weather or
All 16 mm ϕ bar, 𝑉𝑐 = 0.17λ√𝑓𝑐 ′ 𝑏𝑤 𝑑 [1𝑠𝑡 𝑃𝑟𝑖𝑛𝑡]
in contact
MW200 or 1
with ground 40 𝑉𝑐 = λ√𝑓𝑐′𝑏𝑤 𝑑 [2𝑛𝑑 𝑃𝑟𝑖𝑛𝑡]
MD200 wire, 6
and smaller unless a more detailed calculation is made in accord-
40 mm ϕ and ance with Table 422.5.5.1.
Slabs, 40
58 mm ϕ bars
joists, and
36 mm ϕ and Table 422.5.5.1
Not exposed walls 20
smaller Detailed Method for Calculating Vc
to weather
Beams, Vc
or in contact Primary rein-
columns, Least 𝑉𝑢 𝑑
with ground forcement, stir- (0.16λ√𝑓𝑐 ′ + 17ρ𝑤 )𝑏 𝑑 (a)
pedestals, 40 of (a), 𝑀𝑢 𝑤
rups, ties, spi-
and ten- (b), (0.16λ√𝑓𝑐 ′ + 17ρ𝑤 )𝑏𝑤 𝑑 (b)
rals, and hoops
sion ties and
(c) 0.29λ√𝑓𝑐 ′ 𝑏𝑤 𝑑 (c)

409.6.3.1 For non-prestressed T-beams supporting 422.5.6.1 For non-prestressed members with axial
monolithic or composite slabs, the effective flange compression, Vc, shall be calculated by:
width bf shall include the beam web width bw plus an 𝑁𝑢
effective overhanging flange width in accordance with 𝑉𝑐 = 0.17 (1 + ) 𝜆√𝑓𝑐 ′ 𝑏𝑤 𝑑 [1𝑠𝑡 𝑝𝑟𝑖𝑛𝑡]
14𝐴𝑔
Table 406.3.2.1, where h is the slab thickness and sw is 1 𝑁𝑢
the clear distance to the adjacent web. 𝑉𝑐 = (1 + ) 𝜆√𝑓𝑐′𝑏𝑤 𝑑 [2𝑛𝑑 𝑝𝑟𝑖𝑛𝑡]
6 14𝐴𝑔
Table 406.3.2.1
Dimensional Limits for Effective Overhanging Flange unless a more detailed calculation is made in accord-
Width for T-beams ance with Table 422.5.6.1, where Nu is positive for
Flange loca- Effective overhanging flange compression.
tion width, beyond face of web
8h Table 422.5.5.1
Each side of Detailed Method for Calculating Vc, for Non-Pre-
Least of: sw/2
web stressed Members with Axial Compression
ℓn/8
Vc
6h
One side of Least of (a), (b), and (c)
Least of: sw/2
web
ℓn/12 𝑉𝑢 𝑑
(0.16λ√𝑓𝑐 ′ + 17ρ𝑤 ) 𝑏 𝑑[1] (a)
4ℎ − 𝑑 𝑤
422.2.2.4.3 Values of β1 shall be in accordance with 𝑀𝑢 − 𝑁𝑢 8
Table 422.2.2.4.3 Equation not applicable if:
4ℎ − 𝑑 (b)
𝑀𝑢 − 𝑁𝑢
Table 422.2.2.4.3 8
Values of β1 for Equivalent Rectangular Concrete 0.29𝑁𝑢
Stress Distribution 0.29λ√𝑓𝑐 ′ 𝑏𝑤 𝑑√1 + (c)
𝐴𝑔
f’c, MPa β1
17 ≤ fc’ ≤ 28 0.85 [1]Mu occurs simultaneously with Vu at the section
0.05(𝑓𝑐 ′ − 28) considered.
28 < fc’ < 55 0.85 −
7
fc’ ≥ 55 0.65 422.5.7.1 For non-prestressed members with signifi-
cant axial tension, Vc, shall be calculated by:
SHEAR IN BEAMS 𝑁𝑢
𝑉𝑐 = 0.17 (1 + ) 𝜆√𝑓𝑐 ′ 𝑏𝑤 𝑑 [1𝑠𝑡 𝑝𝑟𝑖𝑛𝑡]
3.5𝐴𝑔
422.5.1.1 Nominal one-way shear strength at a sec- 1 0.29𝑁𝑢
tion, Vn, shall be calculated by: 𝑉𝑐 = (1 + ) 𝜆√𝑓𝑐′𝑏𝑤 𝑑 [2𝑛𝑑 𝑝𝑟𝑖𝑛𝑡]
6 𝐴𝑔
𝑉𝑛 = 𝑉𝑐 + 𝑉𝑠
Where Nu is negative for tension, and Vc shall not be
422.5.1.2 Cross-sectional dimensions shall be se- less than zero.
lected to satisfy Eq. 422.5.1.2.
𝑉𝑢 ≤ 𝜙(𝑉𝑐 + 0.67√𝑓𝑐 ′ 𝑏𝑤 𝑑)
REFRESHER: APR 2024
422.5.10.1 At each section where Vu > ϕVc, trans-
verse reinforcement shall be provided such that Eq.
422.5.10.1 is satisfied.
𝑉𝑢
𝑉𝑠 ≥ − 𝑉𝑐
𝜙

422.5.10.5.3 Vs for shear reinforcement in Section

422.5.10.5.1 shall be calculated by:
𝐴𝑣 𝑓𝑦𝑡 𝑑
𝑉𝑠 =
𝑠

Where s is the spiral pitch or the longitudinal spacing

of the shear reinforcement and Av is given in Section
422.5.10.5.5 or 422.5.10.5.6 Table 409.7.6.2.2 Maximum Spacing of Shear Re-
inforcement
422.5.10.5.5 For each rectangular tie, stirrup, hoop,
or crosstie, Av shall be the effective area of all bar legs Non-prestressed
or wires within spacing s. Vs
beam
≤ 0.33√𝑓𝑐 ′ 𝑏𝑤 𝑑 Lesser of: d/2 600
422.5.10.5.6 For each circular tie or spiral, Av shall be
> 0.33√𝑓𝑐 ′ 𝑏𝑤 𝑑 Lesser of: d/4 300
two times the area of the bar or wire within spacing s.

409.6.3 Minimum Shear Reinforcement

425.2.1 For parallel non-prestressed reinforcement
409.6.3.1 A minimum area of shear reinforcement, in a horizontal layer, clear spacing shall be at least the
Av,min, shall be provided in all regions where Vu > greatest of 25 mm, db, and (4/3)dagg.
0.5ϕVc except for the cases in Table 409.6.3.1, where
at least Av,min shall be provided where Vu > ϕVc 425.2.2 For parallel non-prestressed reinforcement
placed in two or more horizontal layers, reinforce-
Table 409.6.3.1 ment in the upper layers shall be placed directly above
Case Where Av,min is not required reinforcement in the bottom layer with a clear spacing
if 0.5ϕVc < Vu ≤ ϕVc between layers of at least 25 mm.

Table 425.3.2
Minimum Inside Bend Diameters and Standard Hook
Geometry for Stirrups, Ties, and Hoops
Minimum
Type of Inside Straight
Standard Bar Size Bend Di- extension
Hook ameter, ℓext, mm
mm
10 mm ϕ Greater of
through 4db 6db and 75
16 mm ϕ mm
90° hook
20 mm ϕ
through 6db 12db
Table 409.6.3.1 Required Av,min 25 mm ϕ

Type of Straight
Minimum
Standard Bar Size extension
Inside
Hook ℓext, mm
REFRESHER: APR 2024
 Bend Di-
ameter,
mm
10 mm ϕ
through 4db
Greater of
16 mm ϕ
135° hook 6db and 75
20 mm ϕ
mm
through 6db
25 mm ϕ

Minimum
Type of Inside Straight
Standard Bar Size Bend Di- extension
Hook ameter, ℓext, mm
mm
10 mm ϕ
through 4db
Greater of
16 mm ϕ
180° hook 6db and 65
20 mm ϕ
mm
through 6db
25 mm ϕ

REFRESHER: APR 2024