E/ECE/324/Add.11/Rev.4−E/ECE/TRANS/505/Add.11/Rev.

4
10 October 2012

Agreement
Concerning the adoption of uniform conditions of approval and
reciprocal recognition of approval for motor vehicle equipment and
parts*
(Revision 2, including the amendments which entered into force on 16 October 1995)

Addendum 11: Regulation No. 12

Revision 4
Incorporating all valid text up to:
Corrigendum 1 to Revision 3 of the Regulation – Date of entry into force: 10 March 1995
Supplement 1 to the 03 series of amendments – Date of entry into force: 12 December 1996
Supplement 2 to the 03 series of amendments – Date of entry into force: 25 December 1997
Corrigendum 1 to Supplement 2 to the 03 series of amendments – Date of entry into force: 23 June
1996
Supplement 3 to the 03 series of amendments – Date of entry into force: 23 March 2000
Corrigendum 2 to Revision 3 of the Regulation – Date of entry into force: 24 June 2009
Corrigendum 3 to Revision 3 of the Regulation – Date of entry into force: 11 November 2009
Corrigendum 4 to Revision 3 of the Regulation – Date of entry into force: 10 November 2010
04 series of amendments – Date of entry into force: 23 June 2011
Corrigendum 1 to the 04 series of amendments – Date of entry into force: 23 June 2011
Supplement 1 to the 04 series of amendments – Date of entry into force: 26 July 2012
Uniform provisions concerning the approval of vehicles with regard to
the protection of the driver against the steering mechanism in the event
of impact

UNITED NATIONS

* Former title of the Agreement: Agreement Concerning the Adoption of Uniform Conditions of
Approval and Reciprocal Recognition of Approval for Motor Vehicle Equipment and Parts, done at
Geneva on 20 March 1958.

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Regulation No. 12

Uniform provisions concerning the approval of vehicles with

regard to the protection of the driver against the steering
mechanism in the event of impact
Contents
Page
Regulation
1. Scope ........................................................................................................................................ 5
2. Definitions ............................................................................................................................... 5
3. Application for approval .......................................................................................................... 8
4. Approval................................................................................................................................... 9
5. Specifications ........................................................................................................................... 11
6. Tests ......................................................................................................................................... 14
7. Modifications and extension of approval of the vehicle type or steering control type ............. 14
8. Conformity of production ......................................................................................................... 15
9. Penalties for non-conformity of production ............................................................................. 16
10. Instructions ............................................................................................................................... 16
11. Production definitively discontinued ........................................................................................ 16
12. Names and addresses of Technical Services responsible for conducting approval
tests, and of Type Approval Authorities................................................................................... 16
13. Transitional provisions ............................................................................................................. 17
Annexes
1A Communication concerning the approval or extension or refusal or withdrawal of approval
or production definitively discontinued of a vehicle type with regard to the protection of the
driver against the steering mechanism in the event of impact, pursuant
to Regulation No.12 ................................................................................................................. 19
1B Communication concerning the approval or extension or refusal or withdrawal of approval
or production definitively discontinued of a steering control type with regard to the
protection of the driver against the steering mechanism in the event of impact, pursuant to
the relevant part of Regulation No. 12 ..................................................................................... 21
2 Arrangements of approval marks ............................................................................................. 23
3 Frontal-impact test against a barrier ......................................................................................... 25
4 Body block test ......................................................................................................................... 29
Appendix: Body block ............................................................................................................. 32
5 Head form test .......................................................................................................................... 33

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6 Procedure for determining the "H" point and the actual torso angle for seating positions
in motor vehicles ...................................................................................................................... 36
Appendix 1: Description of the three dimensional "H" point machine .................................... 36
Appendix 2: Three-dimensional reference system ................................................................... 36
Appendix 3: Reference data concerning seating positions ....................................................... 36
7 Test procedures for the protection of the occupants of vehicles operating on electrical
power from high voltage and electrolyte spillage .................................................................... 37
Appendix 1: Jointed Test Finger (IPXXB) .............................................................................. 43

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1. Scope
1.1. This Regulation applies to the behaviour of the steering mechanism and to
the electrical power train operating on high voltage as well as the high
voltage components and systems which are galvanically connected to the
high voltage bus of the electrical power train, of motor vehicles of category
M1, and vehicles of category N1 with a maximum permissible mass less than
1,500 kg, with regard to the protection of the occupants in a frontal collision.
1.2. At the request of a manufacturer, vehicles other than those mentioned in
paragraph 1.1. above may be approved under this Regulation.

2. Definitions
For the purposes of this Regulation,
2.1. "Approval of a vehicle" means the approval of a vehicle type with regard to
the protection of the driver against the steering mechanism in the event of
impact;
2.2. "Vehicle type" means a category of motor vehicles which do not differ in
such essential respects as:
2.2.1. Vehicle powered by an internal combustion engine:
2.2.1.1. The structure, dimensions, lines and constituent materials of that part of the
vehicle forward of the steering control;
2.2.1.2. The mass of vehicle in running order, as defined in paragraph 2.18. below;
2.2.2. Vehicle powered by an electric engine
2.2.2.1. The structure, dimensions, lines and constituent materials of that part of the
vehicle forward of the steering control.
2.2.2.2. The locations of the Rechargeable Energy Storage Systems (RESS), in so far
as they have a negative effect on the result of the impact test prescribed in
this Regulation;
2.2.2.3. Mass of the vehicle in running order, as defined in paragraph 2.18. below.
2.3. "Approval of a steering control" means the approval of a steering control
type with regard to the protection of the driver against the steering
mechanism in the event of impact;
2.4. "Steering control type" means a category of steering controls which do not
differ in such essential respects as:
2.4.1. The structure, dimensions, lines and constituent materials;
2.5. "Steering control" means the steering device, usually the steering wheel,
which is actuated by the driver;
2.6. "General steering control" means a steering control which can be fitted to
more than one approved vehicle type where differences in the attachment of
the steering control to the steering column do not affect the impact
performance of the steering control;

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2.7. "Air-bag" means a flexible bag that is designed to be filled with a gas under
pressure, and is:
2.7.1. Designed to protect the vehicle driver in an impact against the steering
control;
2.7.2. Inflated by a device which is actuated in case of vehicle's impact;
2.8. "Steering control rim" means the quasi-toroidal outer ring in the case of the
steering wheel usually griped by the driver's hands during driving;
2.9. "Spoke" means a bar connecting the steering control rim to the boss;
2.10. "Boss" means that part of the steering control, usually at the centre, that:
2.10.1. Joins the steering control to the steering shaft,
2.10.2. Transmits the torque from the steering control to the steering shaft;
2.11. "Centre of the steering control boss" means that point on the surface of the
boss which is in line with the axis of the steering shaft;
2.12. "Plane of the steering control" means in the case of the steering wheel the
flat surface that splits the steering wheel rim equally between the driver and
the front of the car;
2.13. "Steering shaft" means the component which transmits to the steering gear
the torque applied to the steering control;
2.14. "Steering column" means the housing enclosing the steering shaft;
2.15. "Steering mechanism" means the aggregate comprising the steering control,
the steering column, the assembly accessories, the steering shaft, the steering
gear housing, and all other components such as those designed to contribute
to the absorption of energy in the event of impact against the steering control;
2.16. Passenger compartment
2.16.1. "Passenger compartment with regard to occupant's protection" means the
space for occupant accommodation, bounded by the roof, floor, side walls,
doors, outside glazing and front bulkhead and the plane of the rear
compartment bulkhead or the plane of the rear-seat back support.
2.16.2. "Passenger compartment for electric safety assessment" means the space for
occupant accommodation, bounded by the roof, floor, side walls, doors,
outside glazing, front bulkhead and rear bulkhead, or rear gate, as well as by
the electrical protection barriers and enclosures provided for protecting the
power train from direct contact with high voltage live parts.
2.17. "Impactor" consists of a rigid hemispherical headform 165 mm in diameter,
in accordance with Annex 5, paragraph 3 of this Regulation;
2.18. "Mass of the vehicle in running order" means the mass of the vehicle
unoccupied and unladen but complete with fuel, coolant, lubricant tools and
spare wheel, if provided as standard equipment by the vehicle manufacturer,
and RESS.
2.19. "High voltage" means the classification of an electric component or circuit, if
its - working voltage is > 60 V and ≤ 1500 V direct current (DC) or > 30 V
and ≤ 1,000 V alternating current (AC) root – mean- square (rms);
2.20. "Rechargeable energy storage system (RESS)" means rechargeable energy
storage system which provides electrical energy for propulsion;

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2.21. "Electrical protection barrier" the part providing protection against any
direct contact to the high voltage live parts;
2.22. "Electrical power train" means the electrical circuit which includes the
traction motor(s), and may also include the RESS, the electrical energy
conversion system, the electronic converters, the associated wiring harness
and connectors, and the coupling system for charging the RESS;
2.23. "Live parts" means conductive part(s) intended to be electrically energized in
normal use;
2.24. "Exposed conductive part" means the conductive part which can be touched
under the provisions of the protection IPXXB and which becomes electrically
energized under isolation failure conditions. This includes parts under a cover
that can be removed without using tools.
2.25. "Direct contact" means the contact of persons with high voltage live parts;
2.26. "Indirect contact" means the contact of persons with exposed conductive
parts;
2.27. "Protection IPXXB" means protection from contact with high voltage live
parts provided by either an electrical protection barrier or an enclosure and
tested using a Jointed Test Finger (IPXXB) as described in paragraph 4. of
Annex 7;
2.28. "Working voltage" means the highest value of an electrical circuit voltage
root-mean-square (rms), specified by the manufacturer, which may occur
between any conductive parts in open circuit conditions or under normal
operating conditions. If the electrical circuit is divided by galvanic isolation,
the working voltage is defined for each divided circuit, respectively;
2.29. "Coupling system for charging the rechargeable energy storage system
(RESS)" means the electrical circuit used for charging the RESS from an
external electrical power supply including the vehicle inlet;
2.30. "Electrical chassis" means a set made of conductive parts electrically linked
together, whose electrical potential is taken as reference;
2.31. "Electrical circuit" means an assembly of connected high voltage live parts
which is designed to be electrically energized in normal operation;
2.32. "Electric energy conversion system" means a system that generates and
provides electrical energy for electrical propulsion;
2.33. "Electronic converter" means a device capable of controlling and/or
converting electrical power for electrical propulsion;
2.34. "Enclosure" means the part enclosing the internal units and providing
protection against any direct contact;
2.35. "High Voltage Bus" means the electrical circuit, including the coupling
system for charging the RESS that operates on a high voltage;
2.36. "Solid insulator" means the insulating coating of wiring harnesses provided
in order to cover and prevent the high voltage live parts from any direct
contact. This includes covers for insulating the high voltage live parts of
connectors; and varnish or paint for the purpose of insulation;

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2.37. "Automatic disconnect" means a device that when triggered, galvanically

separates the electrical energy sources from the rest of the high voltage
circuit of the electrical power train;
2.38 "Open type traction battery" means a type of battery requiring liquid and
generating hydrogen gas released to the atmosphere.

3. Application for approval

3.1. Vehicle type
3.1.1. The application for approval of a vehicle type with regard to the protection of
the driver against the steering mechanism in the event of impact shall be
submitted by the vehicle manufacturer or by his duly accredited
representative.
3.1.2. It shall be accompanied by the undermentioned documents in triplicate and
the following particulars:
3.1.2.1. A detailed description of the vehicle type with respect to the structure,
dimensions, lines and constituent materials of that part of the vehicle forward
of the steering control;
3.1.2.2. Drawings, on an appropriate scale and in sufficient detail, of the steering
mechanism and of its attachment to the vehicle chassis and body;
3.1.2.3. A technical description of that mechanism;
3.1.2.4. An indication of the mass of the vehicle in running order;
3.1.2.5. Evidence that the steering control has been approved in accordance with
paragraph 5.2 of the Regulation, if applicable.
3.1.2.6. Evidence that the steering mechanism complies with the specifications of
paragraph 5.2.2. of Regulation No. 94 if the application for approval is
submitted by the applicant pursuant paragraph 5.1.2. below.
3.1.2.7. Evidence that the steering control complies with the specifications of
paragraphs 5.2.1.4. and 5.2.1.5. of Regulation No. 94 if the application for
approval is submitted by the applicant pursuant paragraph 5.2.1. below.
3.1.2.8. A general description of the electrical power source type, location and the
electrical power train (e.g. hybrid, electric).
3.1.3. The following shall be submitted to the Technical Service responsible for
conducting approval tests:
3.1.3.1. A vehicle, representative of the vehicle type to be approved, for the test
referred to in paragraph 5.1. below;
3.1.3.2. At the manufacturer's discretion, with the agreement of the technical service,
either a second vehicle, or those parts of the vehicle regarded by him as
essential for the test referred to in paragraphs 5.2. and 5.3. below.
3.1.3.3. The competent authority shall verify the existence of satisfactory
arrangements for ensuring effective control of the conformity of production
before type approval is granted.
3.2. Steering control type

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3.2.1. The application for approval of a steering control type with regard to the
protection of the driver against the steering mechanism in the event of an
impact shall be submitted by the steering control manufacturer or by his duly
accredited representative.
3.2.2. It shall be accompanied by the undermentioned documents in triplicate and
the following particulars:
3.2.2.1. A detailed description of the steering control type with respect to the
structure, the dimensions and the constituent materials of the steering control;
3.2.2.2. Drawings, on an appropriate scale and in sufficient detail, of the steering
mechanism and of its attachment to the vehicle chassis and body.
3.2.2.3. Evidence that the steering control complies with the specifications of
paragraphs 5.2.1.4. and 5.2.1.5. of Regulation No. 94, if the application for
approval is submitted by the applicant pursuant paragraph 5.2.1. below.
3.2.3. A steering control representative of the steering control type to be approved
plus, at the manufacturer's discretion, with the agreement of the technical
service, those parts of the vehicle regarded by him as essential for the test,
shall be submitted to the technical service responsible for conducting
approval tests for the test referred to in paragraphs 5.2. and 5.3. below.

4. Approval
4.1. A certificate conforming to the model specified in paragraphs 4.1.1. or 4.1.2.
shall be attached to the type-approval certificate:
4.1.1. Annex 1A for applications referred to in paragraph 3.1.;
4.1.2. Annex 1B for applications referred to in paragraph 3.2.
4.2. Vehicle type
4.2.1. If the vehicle submitted for approval pursuant to this Regulation meets the
requirements of paragraphs 5. and 6. below and Annexes 4, 5 and 6 to this
Regulation, approval of that vehicle type shall be granted.
4.2.2. An approval number shall be assigned to each type approved. Its first two
digits (at present 04 corresponding to the 04 series of amendments) shall
indicate the series of amendments incorporating the most recent major
technical amendments made to the Regulation at the time of issue of the
approval. The same Contracting Party shall not assign the same number to
the same vehicle type equipped with another type of steering mechanism, or
to another vehicle type, as defined in paragraph 2.2. above.
4.2.3. Notice of approval or of extension or refusal of approval of a vehicle type
pursuant to this Regulation shall be communicated to the Parties to the
Agreement applying this Regulation, by means of a form conforming to the
model in Annex 1A to this Regulation.
4.2.4. There shall be affixed, conspicuously and in a readily accessible place
specified on the approval form, to every vehicle conforming to a vehicle type
approved under this Regulation an international approval mark consisting of:

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4.2.4.1. A circle surrounding the letter "E" followed by the distinguishing number of
the country which has granted approval1;
4.2.4.2. The number of this Regulation, followed by the letter "R", a dash and the
approval number to the right of the circle prescribed in paragraph 4.2.4.1.
4.2.5. If the vehicle conforms to a vehicle type approved, under one or more other
Regulations annexed to the Agreement, in the country which has granted
approval under this Regulation, the symbol prescribed in paragraph 4.2.4.1.
need not be repeated; in such a case the Regulation and approval numbers
and the additional symbols of all the Regulations under which approval has
been granted in the country which has granted approval under this Regulation
shall be placed in vertical columns to the right of the symbol prescribed in
paragraph 4.2.4.1.
4.2.6. The approval mark shall be clearly legible and be indelible.
4.2.7. The approval mark shall be placed close to or on the vehicle data plate
affixed by the manufacturer.
4.3. Steering-control type
4.3.1. If the steering control submitted for separate approval pursuant to this
Regulation meets the applicable requirements of paragraphs 5. and 6. below
and Annexes 4, 5 and 6 to this Regulation, approval of that steering control
type shall be granted. This is only applicable to steering controls which do
not include an airbag.
4.3.2. An approval number shall be assigned to each type approved. Its first two
digits (at present 04 corresponding to the 04 series of amendments) shall
indicate the series of amendments incorporating the most recent major
technical amendments made to the Regulation at the time of issue of the
approval. The same Contracting Party shall not assign the same number to
another steering control type as defined in paragraph 2.4. above.
4.3.3. Notice of approval or of extension or refusal of approval of a steering control
type pursuant to this Regulation shall be communicated to the Parties to the
Agreement applying this Regulation, by means of a form conforming to the
model in Annex 1B to this Regulation.
4.3.4. There shall be affixed, conspicuously and in a readily accessible place
specified on the approval form, to every steering control conforming to a
steering control type approved under this Regulation an international
approval mark consisting of:
4.3.4.1. A circle surrounding the letter "E" followed by the distinguishing number of
the country which has granted approval1;
4.3.4.2. The approval number placed below the circle.
4.3.4.3. The symbol R94-02 in the case of an approval pursuant paragraph 5.2.1.
below.
4.3.5. The approval mark shall be clearly legible and be indelible.

1
The distinguishing numbers of the Contracting Parties to the 1958 Agreement are reproduced in
Annex 3 to the Consolidated Resolution on the Construction of Vehicles (R.E.3), document
ECE/TRANS/WP.29/78/Rev.2/Amend.1.

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4.4. Annex 2 to this Regulation gives examples of arrangements of approval

marks.

5. Specifications
5.1. When the unladen vehicle, in running order, without a manikin,
is collision-tested against a barrier at a speed of 48.3 km/h (30 mph), the top
of the steering column and its shaft shall not move backwards, horizontally
and parallel to the longitudinal axis of the vehicle, by more than 12.7 cm and
also not more than 12.7 cm vertically upwards, both dimensions considered
in relation to a point of the vehicle not affected by the impact 2.
5.1.1. Additionally vehicles equipped with electrical power train shall meet
paragraph 5.5. This could be demonstrated in a separate frontal impact test at
the request of the manufacturer after validation by the Technical Service,
given that the electric components do not influence the driver's protection
performance of the vehicle type as defined in this Regulation.
5.1.2. Specifications of paragraph 5.1. above are deemed to be met if the vehicle
equipped with such a steering system complies with the specifications of
paragraph 5.2.2. of Regulation No. 94.
5.2. When the steering control is struck by a body block released against this
control at a relative speed of 24.1 km/h (15 mph), the force applied to the
body block by the steering control shall not exceed 1,111 daN.
5.2.1. If the steering control is fitted with a steering wheel airbag, specifications of
paragraph 5.2. above are deemed to be met if the vehicle equipped with such
a steering system complies with the specifications of paragraphs 5.2.1.4.
and 5.2.1.5. of Regulation No. 94.
5.3. When the steering control is struck by an impactor released against this
control at a relative speed of 24.1 km/h, in accordance with the procedures of
Annex 5, the deceleration of the impactor shall not exceed 80 g cumulative
for more than 3 milliseconds. The deceleration shall always be lower than
120 g with C.F.C. 600 Hz.
5.4. The steering control shall be designed, constructed and fitted in such a way
that:
5.4.1. Before the impact test prescribed in paragraphs 5.2. and 5.3. above no part of
the steering control surface, directed towards the driver, which can be
contacted by a sphere of 165 mm in diameter shall present any roughness or
sharp edges with a radius of curvature of less than 2.5 mm.
In the case of a steering control equipped with an airbag, this requirements
shall be deemed satisfactory if no part, which can be contacted by a sphere of
165 mm in diameter, contains any dangerous sharp edges, as defined in
paragraph 2.18. of Regulation No. 21, likely to increase the risk of serious
injury to the occupants.
5.4.1.1. After any impact test prescribed in paragraphs 5.2. and 5.3. the part of the
steering control surface directed towards the driver shall not present any

2
See Annex 3, paragraph 3.1.

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sharp or rough edges likely to increase the danger or severity of injuries to

the driver. Small surface cracks and fissures shall be disregarded.
5.4.1.1.1. In the case of a projection consisting of a component made of non-rigid
material of less than 50 Shore A hardness mounted on rigid support, the
requirement of paragraph 5.4.1.1. shall only apply to the rigid support.
5.4.2. The steering control shall be so designed, constructed and fitted as not to
embody components or accessories, including the horn control and assembly
accessories, capable of catching in the driver's clothing or jewellery in normal
driving movements.
5.4.3. In the case of steering controls not intended to form part of the original
equipment they shall be required to meet the specification when tested in
accordance with Annex 4, paragraph 2.1.3. and Annex 5, paragraph 2.3.
5.4.4. In the case of "general steering controls", the requirements shall be met over:
5.4.4.1. The full range of column angles, it being understood that the tests shall be
performed at least for the maximum and minimum column angles for the
range of approved vehicle types for which the controls are intended;
5.4.4.2. The full range of possible impactor and body block positions in relation to
the steering control, it being understood that the test shall be performed at
least for the mean position for the range of approved vehicle types for which
the controls are intended. Where a steering column is used, it shall be of a
type corresponding to the "worst case" conditions.
5.4.5. Where adaptors are used to adapt a single type of steering control to a range
of steering column, and it can be demonstrated that with such adaptors the
energy-absorbing characteristics of the system are the same, all the tests may
be performed with one type of adaptor.
5.5. Following the test conducted in accordance with the procedure defined in
Annex 3 to this Regulation the electrical power train operating on high
voltage and the high voltage components and systems which are galvanically
connected to the high voltage bus of the electrical power train shall meet the
following requirements:
5.5.1. Protection against electrical shock
After the impact at least one of the four criteria specified in
paragraphs 5.5.1.1. to 5.5.1.4.2. shall be met.
If the vehicle has an automatic disconnect function or device(s) that
galvanically divide the electrical power train circuit during driving condition,
at least one of the following criteria shall apply to the disconnected circuit or
to each divided circuit individually after the disconnect function is activated.
However criteria defined in 5.5.1.4. shall not apply if more than a single
potential of a part of the high voltage bus is not protected under the
conditions of protection IPXXB.
In the case that the test is performed under the condition that part(s) of the
high voltage system are not energized, the protection against electrical shock
shall be proved by either paragraph 5.5.1.3. or paragraph 5.5.1.4. for the
relevant part(s).

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5.5.1.1. Absence of high voltage

The voltages Vb, V1 and V2 of the high voltage buses shall be equal or less
than 30 VAC or 60 VDC as specified in paragraph 2. of Annex 7.
5.5.1.2. Low electrical energy
The total energy (TE) on the high voltage buses shall be less than 2.0 joules
when measured according to the test procedure as specified in paragraph 3.
formula (a) of Annex 7. Alternatively the total energy (TE) may be calculated
by the measured voltage Vb of the high voltage bus and the capacitance of the
X-capacitors (Cx) specified by the manufacturer in paragraph 3. formula (b)
of Annex 7.
The energy stored in the Y-capacitors (TEy1, TEy2) shall also be less
than 2.0 joules. This shall be calculated by measuring the voltages V 1 and V2
of the high voltage buses and the electrical chassis, and the capacitance of the
Y-capacitors specified by the manufacturer according to formula (c) in
paragraph 3. of Annex 7.
5.5.1.3. Physical protection
For protection against direct contact with high voltage live parts, the
protection IPXXB shall be provided.
In addition, for protection against electrical shock which could arise from
indirect contact, the resistance between all exposed conductive parts and the
electrical chassis shall be lower than 0.1 ohm when there is current flow of at
least 0.2 amperes.
This requirement is satisfied if the galvanic connection has been made by
welding.
5.5.1.4. Isolation resistance
The criteria specified in the paragraphs 5.5.1.4.1. and 5.5.1.4.2. below shall
be met.
The measurement shall be conducted in accordance with paragraph 5. of
Annex 7.
5.5.1.4.1. Electrical power train consisting of separate DC- or AC-buses
If the AC high voltage buses and the DC high voltage buses are galvanically
isolated from each other, isolation resistance between the high voltage bus
and the electrical chassis (Ri as defined in paragraph 5. of Annex 7) shall
have a minimum value of 100 Ω/volt of the working voltage for DC buses,
and a minimum value of 500 Ω/volt of the working voltage for AC buses.
5.5.1.4.2. Electrical power train consisting of combined DC- and AC-buses
If the AC high voltage buses and the DC high voltage buses are galvanically
connected isolation resistance between the high voltage bus and the electrical
chassis (Ri as defined in paragraph 5. of Annex 7) shall have a minimum
value of 500 Ω/volt of the working voltage.
However, if the protection IPXXB is satisfied for all AC high voltage buses
or the AC voltage is equal or less than 30 V after the vehicle impact, the
isolation resistance between the high voltage bus and the electrical chassis (Ri
as defined in paragraph 5. of Annex 7) shall have a minimum value
of 100 Ω/volt of the working voltage.

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5.5.2. Electrolyte spillage

In the period from the impact until 30 minutes after, no electrolyte from the
RESS shall spill into the passenger compartment, and no more than 7 per cent
of electrolyte shall spill from the RESS except open type traction batteries
outside the passenger compartment. For open type traction batteries no more
than 7 per cent with a maximum of 5.0 liters shall spill outside the passenger
compartment. The manufacturer shall demonstrate compliance in accordance
with paragraph 6. of Annex 7.
5.5.3. RESS retention
RESS located inside the passenger compartment shall remain in the location
in which they are installed and RESS components shall remain inside RESS
boundaries.
No part of any RESS that is located outside the passenger compartment for
electrical safety assessment shall enter the passenger compartment during or
after the impact test.
The manufacture shall demonstrate compliance in accordance with
paragraph 7. of Annex 7.
5.6. Specifications of paragraphs 5.5. to 5.5.3. above are deemed to be met if the
vehicle equipped with an electrical power train operating on high voltage
complies with the specifications of paragraphs 5.2.8. to 5.2.8.3. of Regulation
No. 94, 02 series of amendments.

6. Tests
6.1. Compliance with the requirements of paragraphs 5.1. to 5.4. above shall be
checked in accordance with the methods set out in Annexes 3, 4 and 5 to this
Regulation. Compliance with the requirements of paragraph 5.5. above shall
be checked in accordance with the methods set out in Annex 3 to this
Regulation. All measurements should be done on the basis of ISO 6487 1987.
6.2. However, other tests may be permitted at the discretion of the Type Approval
Authority provided equivalence can be demonstrated. In such a case a report
shall be attached to the approval documentation describing the methods used
and the results obtained.

7. Modifications and extension of approval of the

vehicle type or steering control type
7.1. Every modification of the vehicle type or steering control type or both shall
be notified to the Type Approval Authority which approved the vehicle type
or the steering control type. The department may then either:
7.1.1. Consider that the modifications made are unlikely to have an appreciable
adverse effect and that in any case the vehicle still complies with the
requirements; or
7.1.2. Require a further test report from the technical service responsible for
conducting the tests.

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7.2. Without prejudice to the provisions of paragraph 7.1. above, a variant of the
vehicle whose mass in the running order is less than that of the vehicle
subjected to the approval test shall not be regarded as a modification of the
vehicle type.
7.3. Confirmation or refusal of approval, specifying the alteration shall be
communicated by the procedure specified in paragraphs 4.2.3. or 4.3.3. above
to the Parties to the Agreement applying this Regulation.
7.4. The competent authority issuing the extension of approval shall assign a
series number for such an extension and inform thereof the other Parties to
the 1958 Agreement applying this Regulation by means of a communication
form conforming to the model in Annex 1A or Annex 1B to this Regulation.

8. Conformity of production
8.1. Every vehicle or steering control approved under this Regulation shall be so
manufactured as to conform to the type approved by meeting the
requirements set out in paragraphs 5 and 6 above.
8.2. In order to verify that the requirements of paragraph 8.1. are met, suitable
checks of the production shall be carried out.
8.3. The holder of the approval shall, in particular:
8.3.1. Ensure the existence of procedures for effective quality control of the vehicle
or steering control;
8.3.2. Have access to the testing equipment necessary for checking conformity to
each approved type;
8.3.3. Ensure that test result data are recorded and that the annexed documents
remain available for a period to be determined in agreement with the Type
Approval Authority;
8.3.4. Analyse the results of each type of test, in order to verify and ensure the
consistency of characteristics of the vehicle or steering control, making
allowance for permissible variations in industrial production;
8.3.5. Ensure that for each type of vehicle or steering control at least the tests
concerning the taking of measurements are carried out;
8.3.6. Ensure that any set of samples or test pieces giving evidence of
non-conformity in the type of test in question shall give rise to a further
sampling and test. All necessary steps shall be taken to restore conformity of
the corresponding production.
8.4. The competent authority which has granted type approval may at any time
verify the conformity control methods applied in each production unit.
8.4.1. At every inspection, the test records and production records shall be
presented to the visiting inspector.
8.4.2. The inspector may select samples at random to be tested in the manufacturer's
laboratory. The minimum number of samples may be determined according
to the results of the manufacturer's own checks.
8.4.3. Where the quality level appears unsatisfactory or it seems necessary to verify
the validity of the tests carried out in application of paragraph 8.4.2., the

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inspector shall select samples to be sent to the technical service which

conducted the type approval tests.
8.4.4. The competent authority may carry out any test prescribed in this Regulation.
The normal frequency of inspections authorized by the competent authority
shall be one per year. In cases where unsatisfactory results are found during
one of these inspections, the competent authority shall ensure that all
necessary steps are taken to restore conformity of production as rapidly as
possible.

9. Penalties for non-conformity of production

9.1. The approval granted in respect of a vehicle type or steering control type,
pursuant to this Regulation, may be withdrawn if the requirement laid down
in paragraph 8.1. above is not complied with, or if the vehicle(s) or steering
control(s) selected have failed to pass the checks prescribed in paragraph 8.2.
above.
9.2. If a Contracting Party to the Agreement applying this Regulation withdraws
an approval it has previously granted, it shall forthwith so notify the other
Contracting Parties applying this Regulation by means of a communication
form conforming to the model in Annex 1A or Annex 1B to this Regulation
(as appropriate).

10. Instructions
In the case of a steering control type supplied separately from a vehicle, the
packaging and installation instructions must clearly state the vehicle type(s)
for which it is intended.

11. Production definitively discontinued

If the holder of the approval completely ceases to manufacture a type of
vehicle or type of steering control approved in accordance with this
Regulation, he shall so inform the authority which granted the approval.
Upon receiving the relevant communication that authority shall inform
thereof the other Parties to the 1958 Agreement applying this Regulation by
means of a communication form conforming to the model in Annex 1A
or Annex 1B to this Regulation (as appropriate).

12. Names and addresses of Technical Services

responsible for conducting approval tests, and of
Type Approval Authorities
The Parties to the Agreement applying this Regulation shall communicate to
the United Nations Secretariat the names and addresses of the Technical
Services responsible for conducting approval tests and of the Type Approval
Authorities which grant approval and to which forms certifying approval or
extension, refusal or withdrawal of approval, issued in other countries, are to
be sent.

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13. Transitional provisions

13.1. As from the date of entry into force of the 03 series of amendments to this
Regulation, no Contracting Parties shall refuse an application for approval
submitted in accordance with this Regulation as amended by the 03 series of
amendments.
13.2. As from the official date of entry into force of the 04 series of amendments,
no Contracting Party applying this Regulation shall refuse to grant type
approval under this Regulation as amended by the 04 series of amendments.
13.3. Approval of a vehicle type
13.3.1. Upon the expiration of a period of 36 months following the official date of
entry into force referred to in paragraph 13.1. above, Contracting Parties
applying this Regulation shall grant type approval for category M1
forward-control vehicles and category N1 vehicles of less than 1.5 tonnes
only if the vehicle type satisfies the requirements of this Regulation as
amended by the 03 series of amendments, with the exception of the
provisions laid down in paragraph 5.1. of this Regulation concerning the
maximum vertical displacement of the steering column, which shall apply
to new approvals only after a further period of 12 months.
13.3.2. Upon the expiration of a period of 48 months following the official date of
entry into force referred to in paragraph 13.1. above, Contracting Parties
applying this Regulation shall grant type approval to category M1 vehicles
other than forward-control vehicles only if the vehicle type satisfies the
requirements of this Regulation as amended by the 03 series of amendments.
13.3.3. Upon the expiration of a period of 60 months following the official date of
entry into force referred to in paragraph 13.1. above, Contracting Parties
applying this Regulation may refuse to recognize type approvals of the
vehicle type which have not been granted in accordance with the 03 series of
amendments to this Regulation.
13.3.4. As from 24 months after the date of entry into force of the 04 series of
amendments, Contracting Parties applying this Regulation shall grant type
approvals only to those types of vehicles which comply with the
requirements of this Regulation as amended by the 04 series of amendments.
However, in the case of vehicles having an electrical power train operating on
high voltage, an additional period of 12 months is granted provided that the
manufacturer demonstrates, to the satisfaction of the Technical Service, that
the vehicle provides equivalent levels of safety to those required by this
Regulation as amended by the 04 series of amendments.
13.3.5. Contracting Parties applying this Regulation shall not refuse to grant
extensions of type approvals issued to the preceding series of amendments to
this Regulation, when this extension does not entail any change to the
propulsion system of the vehicle. However, as from 48 months after the
official date of entry into force of the 04 series of amendments, extensions to
type approvals issued to the previous series of amendments shall not be
granted in respect of vehicles having an electrical power train operating on
high voltage.
13.3.6. Where at the time of entry into force of the 04 series of amendments to this
Regulation national requirements exist to address the safety provisions of

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vehicles having an electrical power train operating on high voltage, those

Contracting Parties applying this Regulation may refuse national approval or
registration of such vehicles not meeting the national requirements, unless
these vehicles are type approved to the 04 series of amendments to this
Regulation.
13.3.7. As from 48 months after the entry into force of the 04 series of amendments
to this Regulation, Contracting Parties applying this Regulation may refuse
national or regional type approval and may refuse first national or regional
registration (first entry into service) of a vehicle having an electrical power
train operating on high voltage which does not meet the requirements of the
04 series of amendments to this Regulation.
13.3.8. Type Approvals of the vehicles to the 03 series of amendments to this
Regulation which are not affected by the 04 series of amendments shall
remain valid and Contracting Parties applying the Regulation shall continue
to accept them.
13.4. Type Approvals of type of steering control
13.4.1. Even after the date of entry into force of the 04 series of amendments, type
approvals of the steering control to the preceding series of amendments to the
Regulation shall remain valid and Contracting Parties applying the
Regulation shall continue to accept them, and Contracting Parties may
continue to grant extensions of type approvals to the 03 series of
amendments.
13.4.2. As from the official date of entry into force of Supplement 2 to the 03 series
of amendments, Contracting Parties shall not grant separate type approvals of
the type of steering control which include an airbag.
13.4.3. As from the official date of entry into force of Supplement 2 to the 03 series
of amendments, Contracting Parties may refuse to recognize separate type
approvals of the type of steering control which include an airbag.

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Annex 1 A

Annex 1 A

Communication
(Maximum format: A4 (210 x 297 mm))
issued by: Name of administration:
......................................
......................................
......................................
1

concerning2: Approval granted

Approval extended
Approval refused
Approval withdrawn
Production definitively discontinued

of a vehicle type with regard to the protection of the driver against the steering mechanism
in the event of impact, pursuant to Regulation No. 12.
Approval No.:......... Extension No.:.........
1. Trade name or mark of the vehicle ..........................................................................
2. Vehicule type...........................................................................................................
3. Manufacturer’s name and address ...........................................................................
4. If applicable, name and address of manufacturer’s representative ..........................
.................................................................................................................................
5. Brief description of the steering mechanism and the components of the
Vehicle contributing to the protection of the driver against the steering
Mechanism in the event of impact ...........................................................................
6. Mass of the vehicle during the test ..........................................................................
Front axle: ...............................................................................................................
Rear axle: ................................................................................................................
Total: .......................................................................................................................
7. Vehicle submitted for approval on ..........................................................................
8. Technical service responsible for conducting approval tests...................................
9. Date of report issued by that service .......................................................................

1
Distinguishing number of the country which has granted/extended/refused/withdrawn approval (see
approval provisions in the Regulation).
2
Strike out what does not apply.

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Annex 1 A
10. Number of report issued by that service ..................................................................
11. Approval granted/refused/extended/withdrawn 2 .....................................................
12. Position of approval mark on the vehicle ...............................................................
13. Place ........................................................................................................................
14. Date .........................................................................................................................
15. Signature .................................................................................................................
16. The list of documents deposited with the Type Approval Authority which has
granted approval is annexed to this communication and may be obtained on
request.

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Annex 1 B

Annex 1 B

Communication
(Maximum format: A4 (210 x 297 mm))
issued by: Name of administration:
......................................
......................................
......................................
1

concerning2: Approval granted

Approval extended
Approval refused
Approval withdrawn
Production definitively discontinued

of a steering control type with regard to the protection of the driver against the steering
mechanism in the event of impact, pursuant to the relevant part of Regulation No. 12.
Approval No.:......... Extension No.:.........
1. Trade name or mark of the steering vehicle ............................................................
2. Manufacturer’s name and address ...........................................................................
3. If applicable, name and address of the manufacturer’s representative ....................
.................................................................................................................................
4. Vehicle type(s) to which the control is intended to be fitted ...................................
.................................................................................................................................
5. Brief description of the steering control and of the components contributing
to the protection of the driver against the steering mechanism
in the event of impact ..............................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................
6. Steering control submitted for approval on .............................................................
7. Technical service responsible for conducting approval tests...................................
.................................................................................................................................
8. Date of report issued by that service .......................................................................
9. Number of report issued by that service ..................................................................
10. Approval granted/refused/extended/withdrawn 2 .....................................................

1
Distinguishing number of the country which has granted/extended/refused/withdrawn approval (see
approval provisions in the Regulation).
2
Strike out what does not apply.

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Annex 1 B
11. Position of approval mark or marks on the steering control ...................................
.................................................................................................................................
12. Place ........................................................................................................................
13. Date .........................................................................................................................
14. Signature .................................................................................................................
15. The list of documents deposited with the Type Approval Authority which has
granted approval is annexed to this communication and may be obtained on
request.

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Annex 2

Annex 2

Arrangements of approval marks

Model A
(See paragraph 4.2.4. of this Regulation)

a
a 2
E4 a
3 12R - 041424 a
3

a = 8 mm min.

The above approval mark affixed to a vehicle shows that the vehicle type concerned
has, with regard to the protection of the driver against the steering mechanism in the event
of impact, been approved in the Netherlands (E4) pursuant to Regulation No. 12. The
approval number indicates that the approval was granted according to the requirements of
Regulation No. 12 as amended by the 04 series of amendments.
Model B
(See paragraph 4.2.5. of this Regulation)

12 04 2492
42 00 1628

a = 8 mm min.
The above approval mark affixed to a vehicle shows that the vehicle type concerned
has been approved in the Netherlands (E4) pursuant to Regulations Nos. 12 and 42 1. The
approval numbers indicate that, at the dates when the respective approvals were given,
Regulation No. 12 included the 04 series of amendments and Regulation No. 42 the
00 series of amendments.

1
The second number is given merely as an example.

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Annex 2
Model C
(See paragraph 4.3.4. of this Regulation)

E4 a/3 a/2

a = 8 mm min.

042439 a/3

The above approval mark affixed to a steering control shows that the steering control
type concerned has, with regard to the protection of the driver against the steering
mechanism in the event of impact, been approved in the Netherlands (E4) pursuant to the
relevant part of Regulation No. 12 as amended by the 04 series of amendments.
Model D
(See paragraph 4.3.4.3. of this Regulation)

02
a = 8 mm min

The above approval mark affixed to a steering control shows that the steering control
type concerned has been approved in the Netherlands (E4) with regard to the protection of
the driver against the steering mechanism in the event of impact, pursuant to provisions of
paragraphs 5.2.1. and/or 5.3.1. of Regulation No. 12 as amended by the 03 series of
amendments.

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Annex 3

Annex 3

Frontal-impact test against a barrier

1. Purpose
The purpose of this test is to verify whether the vehicle satisfies the
requirements set forth in paragraph 5.1.
2. Installations, procedure and measuring instruments
2.1. Testing ground
The test area shall be large enough to accommodate the run-up track, barrier
and technical installations necessary for the test. The last part of the track, for
at least 5 m before the barrier, shall be horizontal (slope less than 3 per cent
measured over a length of one metre), flat and smooth.
2.2. Barrier
The barrier shall consist of a block of reinforced concrete not less than 3 m
wide in front and not less than 1.5 m high. The barrier shall be of such
thickness that it weighs at least 70 metric tons. The front face shall be flat,
vertical and perpendicular to the axis of the run-up track. It shall be covered
with plywood boards 20 ± 2 mm thick, in good condition. A structure on a
steel plate at least 25 mm thick may be placed between the plywood board
and the barrier. A barrier with different characteristics may likewise be used,
provided that the area of the impact surface is greater than the frontal crash
area of the vehicle being tested and provided that it gives equivalent results.
2.3. Propulsion of vehicle
At the moment of impact the vehicle shall no longer be subject to the action
of any additional steering or propelling device. It shall reach the obstacle on a
course perpendicular to the collision wall; the maximum lateral misalignment
tolerated between the vertical median line of the front of the vehicle and the
vertical median line of the collision wall is ± 30 cm.
2.4. State of vehicle
2.4.1. For the test, the vehicle shall either be fitted with all the normal components
and equipment included in its unladen kerb mass or be in such a condition as
to satisfy this requirement so far as the components and equipment of
concern to the passenger compartment and the distribution of the mass of the
vehicle as a whole, in running order, are concerned.
At the request of the manufacturer, by derogation from paragraph 5.1. of this
Regulation, the test may be carried out with manikins in position, provided
they do not at any time hinder the movement of the steering mechanism. The
mass of the manikins shall not be taken into account for the purposes of the
test.
2.4.2. If the vehicle is driven by external means, the fuel feed system shall be filled
to at least 90 per cent of its capacity with a non-inflammable liquid having a
density between 0.7 and 1.

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Annex 3
This requirement does not apply for Hydrogen as fuel.
All the other systems (brake-fluid reservoirs, radiator, etc.) may be empty.
2.4.3. If the vehicle is driven by its own engine, the fuel tank shall be at least
90 per cent of a full load of fuel. All other reservoirs shall be filled to
capacity.
It shall be allowed by agreement between manufacturer and Technical
Service to modify the fuel system so that an appropriate amount of fuel can
be used to run the engine or the electrical energy conversion system.
In such case, the fuel tank shall be filled to not less than 90 per cent of mass
of a full load of fuel with a non-inflammable liquid of a density between 0.7
and 1.
This requirement does not apply to Hydrogen fuel tanks.
2.4.4. Electrical power train adjustment
2.4.4.1. The RESS shall be at any state of charge, which allows the normal operation
of the power train as recommended by the manufacturer.
2.4.4.2. The electrical power train shall be energized with or without the operation of
the original electrical energy sources (e.g. engine-generator, RESS or electric
energy conversion system), however:
2.4.4.2.1. By the agreement between Technical Service and manufacturer it shall be
permissible to perform the test with all or parts of the electrical power train
not being energized in so far as there is no negative influence on the test
result. For parts of the electrical power train not energized, the protection
against electrical shock shall be proved by either physical protection or
isolation resistance and appropriate additional evidence.
2.4.4.2.2. In the case where an automatic disconnect is provided, at the request of the
manufacturer it shall be permissible to perform the test with the automatic
disconnect being triggered. In this case it shall be demonstrated that the
automatic disconnect would have operated during the impact test. This
includes the automatic activation signal as well as the galvanic separation
considering the conditions as seen during the impact.
2.4.5. If the manufacturer so requests, the technical service responsible for
conducting the tests may allow the same vehicle as is used for tests
prescribed by other Regulations (including tests capable of affecting its
structure) to be used also for the tests prescribed by this Regulation.
2.4.6. The steering wheel, if adjustable, shall be placed in the normal position
indicated by the manufacturer or, failing that, midway between the limits of
its range(s) of adjustment.
2.5. Speed on impact
The speed on impact shall be between 48.3 km/h (30 mph) and 53.1 km/h (33
mph). However, if the test has been carried out at a higher impact speed and
the vehicle has met the requirements laid down, the test shall be considered
satisfactory.
2.6. Measuring instruments
The instrument used to record the speed referred to in paragraph 2.5. above
shall be accurate to within 1per cent.

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Annex 3
3. Results
3.1 To determine the rear- and upward movement of the steering control, a
recording1 shall be made, during the collision, of the variation in the distance
– measured horizontally2 and parallel to the longitudinal axis of the vehicle,
and vertically, in the direction perpendicular to that axis – between the top of
the steering column (and shaft) and a point on the vehicle which is not
affected by the impact. The largest value of this variation, taken from the
recording, shall be taken as the rear- and upward movement.
3.2. After the test, the damage sustained by the vehicle shall be described in a
written report; one photograph at least shall be taken of each of the following
views of the vehicle:
3.2.1. Sides (right and left),
3.2.2. Front,
3.2.3. Bottom,
3.2.4. Affected area inside the passenger compartment.
4. Correction factors
4.1. Notation
V Recorded speed in km/h;
mo Mass of prototype in the state defined in paragraph 2.4. of this annex;
m1 Mass of prototype with testing apparatus;
Do Variation in the distance measured during the impact, as defined in
paragraph 3.1. of this annex;
D1 Variation in the distance used to determine the results of the test;
48.32
K1 = the greater of V and 0.83;

mo
K2 = the greater of ___ and 0.8.
m1

4.2. The corrected variation D1 used to check the conformity of the prototype with
the requirements of this Regulation shall be calculated by the following
formula:
D1 = Do.K1.K2
4.3. A frontal impact test against a barrier is not needed in the case of a vehicle
which is identical with the prototype considered as regards the characteristics
specified in paragraph 2.2. of this Regulation but whose mass m1 is greater
than mo, if m1 is not more than 1.25 mo and if the corrected variation D2

1
This recording may be replaced by maximum measurements.
2
"Horizontally" means with reference to the passenger compartment when the vehicle is immobile
before the test, not in space during movement of the vehicle in relation to the ground, and "vertically"
is perpendicular to horizontally and upwards.

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Annex 3

m1.D1
obtained from the variation D1 by the formula D2 = is such as to
mo
show that the new vehicle still meets the requirements of paragraph 5. of this
Regulation.
5. Equivalent procedures
5.1. Alternative tests may be permitted at the discretion of the Type Approval
Authority provided equivalence can be demonstrated. A report shall be
attached to the approval documentation describing the method used and the
results obtained or the reason for not carrying out the test.
5.2. Responsibility for demonstrating the equivalence of the alternative method
shall rest with the manufacturer or his agent wishing to use such a method.

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Annex 4

Annex 4

Body block test

1. Purpose
The purpose of this test is to verify whether the vehicle meets the
requirements set out in paragraph 5.2. of this Regulation.
2. Installations, procedures and measuring instruments
2.1. Mounting of the steering control
2.1.1. The control shall be mounted on the front section of the vehicle obtained by
cutting the body transversely at the level of the front seats, and possibly
eliminating the roof, windscreen and doors. This section shall be fixed rigidly
to the test bench, so that it does not move under the impact of the body block.
The tolerance on the control mounting angle shall be ± 2 degrees of the
design angle.
2.1.2. However, at the request of the manufacturer and with the agreement of the
technical service, the steering control may be mounted on a framework
simulating the mounting of the steering mechanism, provided that, as
compared with the real "front body section/steering mechanism" assembly
the "framework/steering mechanism" assembly has:
2.1.2.1. The same geometrical layout,
2.1.2.2. Greater rigidity.
2.1.3. Mounting of the steering control when seeking steering control approval
only. The steering control shall be tested complete with trim. The steering
control must have a minimum collapsing space of 100 mm between the
steering control and the test bench. The steering shaft shall be firmly attached
to the test bench so that the steering shaft does not move under impact (see
fig. 2).
2.2. Setting of the steering mechanism for the tests
2.2.1. During the first test, the steering control shall be turned so that its most rigid
spoke is perpendicular to the point of contact with the body block; if the
steering control is a steering wheel, the test shall be repeated with the most
flexible part of the steering wheel perpendicular to that point of contact. In
the case of an adjustable steering control, both tests shall be made with the
wheel adjusted to the normal position indicated by the manufacturer or,
failing that, midway between the limits of its range(s) of adjustment.
2.2.2. If the vehicle is equipped with a device to adjust the slope and position of the
steering wheel, the test shall be performed with the latter in the normal
position of use indicated by the manufacturer and regarded by the laboratory
as representative from the standpoint of energy absorption.
2.2.3. If the steering control is fitted with a steering wheel air-bag, the test shall be
carried out with the air-bag inflated. At the request of the manufacturer and
with the consent of the technical service the test may be carried out without
the air-bag inflated.

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Annex 4
2.3. Body block
The body block shall have the shape, dimensions, mass and characteristics
shown in the appendix to this annex.
2.3.1. Following are non mandatory additional guidelines for mechanical properties
of the bodyblock:
(a) Rate of loading during stiffness measurement: 250 ± 50 mm/min;
(b) Centre of gravity: 551.2 ± 6 mm from top of the bodyblock;
(c) Moment of inertia about lateral axis through centre of gravity:
2.26 ± 0.23 kg x m2.
2.4. Measurement of forces
2.4.1. Measurements shall be made of the maximum force, acting horizontally and
parallel to the longitudinal axis of the vehicle, applied to the body block as a
result of impact against the steering control.
2.4.2. This force may be measured directly or indirectly or may be calculated from
values recorded during the test.
2.5. Propulsion of the body block
2.5.1. Any method of propulsion may be used, provided that when the body block
strikes the steering control it is free from all connection with the propelling
device. The body block shall strike this control after an approximately
straight trajectory parallel to the longitudinal axis of the vehicle.
2.5.2. The H point of the body block, indicated by a special mark, shall be so
adjusted that before the impact it is in the horizontal plane passing through
the R point as indicated by the manufacturer of the vehicle.
2.6. Speed
The body block shall strike the steering control at a speed of 24.1 km/h + 1.2
(15 mph + 0.8). However, if the test has been Carried out at a higher impact
speed and the control has met the requirements laid down, the test shall be
considered satisfactory.
2.7. Measuring instruments
2.7.1. The instrumentation used to record the parameters referred to in
paragraph 5.2. of this Regulation shall enable the measurements to be made
with the following accuracy:
2.7.1.1. Speed of body block: within 2 per cent;
2.7.1.2. Time recording: within 1/1000 second;
2.7.1.3. The beginning of the impact (zero point) at the moment of first contact of the
body block with the steering control shall be identified on the recordings and
films used for analysing the results of the test.
2.7.1.4. Measurement of force
The instrumentation used shall comply with ISO 6487: 1987 unless otherwise
specified in this Regulation.
2.7.1.4.1. With load transducers inserted on the steering system:

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The channel amplitude class shall be 1,960 daN (2,000 kg) and the channel
frequency class 600.
2.7.1.4.2. With accelerometers or load transducers inserted on the body block: Two
unidirectional accelerometers shall be placed symmetrically in the transverse
plane of the centre of gravity of the body block. The channel amplitude class
shall be 60 g and the channel frequency class 180. Other methods with regard
to the number and positioning of the measuring accelerometers shall be
allowed, such as by dividing the test apparatus in separate parts at the centre
of gravity of which accelerometers are placed to measure the acceleration
horizontally and parallel to the longitudinal axis of the vehicle.
The resultant force shall be the force corresponding to the maximum of the
sum of forces calculated or measured directly for each part of the body block.
2.8. Ambient temperature: stabilized at 20° C ± 5 C.
3. Results
3.1. After the test, the damage sustained by the steering mechanism shall be
ascertained and described in a written report; at least one side-view and one
front-view photograph of the "steering control/steering column/instrument
panel" area shall be taken.
3.2. The maximum value of the force shall be measured or calculated as indicated
in paragraph 2.4.

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Annex 4 – Appendix

Body block

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Annex 5

Annex 5

Head form test

1. Purpose
The purpose of this text is to verify whether the steering control meets the
requirements set out in paragraph 5.3. of this Regulation.
2. Installations, procedures and measuring instruments
2.1. General
2.1.1. The steering control shall be tested complete with trim.
2.1.2. If the steering control is fitted with a steering wheel air-bag, the test shall be
carried out with the air-bag inflated. At the request of the manufacturer and
with the consent of the technical service the test may be carried out without
the air-bag inflated.
2.2. Mounting of the steering control when seeking steering control approval
related to vehicle approval
2.2.1. The control shall be mounted on the front section of the vehicle obtained by
cutting the body transversely at the level of the front seats and possibly
eliminating the roof, windscreen and doors.
This section shall be fixed rigidly to the test bench so that it does not move
under the impact of the head form.
The tolerance on the control mounting angle shall be ±2 degrees of the design
angle.
2.2.2. However, at the request of the manufacturer and with the agreement of the
technical service, the steering control may be mounted on a framework
simulating the mounting of the steering mechanism, provided that, as
compared with the real "front body section/steering mechanism" assembly,
the "framework/steering mechanism" assembly has:
2.2.2.1. The same geometric layout,
2.2.2.2. Greater rigidity.
2.3. Mounting the steering control when seeking steering control approval only
The steering control shall be tested complete with trim. The steering control
must have a minimum collapsing space of 100 mm between the steering
control and the test bench. The steering shaft shall be firmly attached to the
test bench so that the steering shaft does not move under impact (see fig. 1).
2.3.1. However, at the request of the manufacturer the test may be carried out under
the conditions specified in paragraph 2.2. above. In such case the approval
will only be valid for the specified type(s) of vehicle(s).
3. Test apparatus
3.1. This apparatus consists of a fully guided linear impactor, rigid, with a mass
of 6.8 kg. Its impact surface is hemispherical with a diameter of 165 mm.

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3.2. The head form shall be fitted with two accelerometers capable of measuring
values in the impact direction.
3.3. Measuring instruments
3.3.1. The measuring instruments used shall comply with ISO 6487: 1987. In
addition they shall have the following characteristics:
3.3.2. Acceleration
Channel amplitude class 150 g CAC
Channel frequency class 600 Hz CFC.
3.3.3. Speed
Accuracy to within ± 1per cent
3.3.4. Time recording
The instrumentation shall enable the action to be recorded throughout its
duration and the readings to be made with the accuracy to one-thousandth of
a second. The beginning of the impact at the moment of first contact between
the impactor and the steering control shall be noted on the recordings used
for analysing the test.
4. Test procedure
4.1. The plane of the steering control shall be set up perpendicular to the direction
of impact.
4.2. A maximum of four and a minimum of three positions on each steering
control wheel type shall be impacted. A new steering control shall be used for
each impact. On successive impacts the axial axis of the impactor shall be in
line with one of the following points:
4.2.1. The centre of the steering control boss;
4.2.2. The joint of the stiffest or most supported spoke to the inner edge of the
steering control rim;
4.2.3. The mid-point of the shortest unsupported area of the steering control rim
that does not include a spoke when hit by the head form;
4.2.4. At the discretion of the type approving authority, the "worst case" position on
the steering control.
4.3. The impactor shall strike the steering control at a velocity of 24.1 km/h; this
velocity shall be achieved either by the mere energy of propulsion or by
using an additional propelling device.
5. Results
5.1. In the tests carried out according to the above procedures, the deceleration
rate of the impactor shall be taken as the simultaneous average of the
readings of the two decelerometers.
6. Equivalent procedures
6.1. Alternative tests may be permitted at the discretion of the Type Approval
Authority provided equivalence can be demonstrated. A report shall be
attached to the approval documentation describing the method used and the
results obtained.

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6.2. Responsibility for demonstrating the equivalence of the alternative method
shall rest with the manufacturer or his agent wishing to use such a method.

Figure 1 a
Testing set-up

Figure 1 b
Measurement of the testing set-up rigidity

F = 800 daN
d = 0.2 metre

Under a load of 800 daN producing a couple of 160m daN in relation to the point
"B", the displacement in any direction of the point "A" shall be lower than 2mm.

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Annex 6

Annex 6

Procedure for determining the "H" point and the actual

torso angle for seating positions in motor vehicles1

Appendix 1 - Description of the three dimensional "H" point

machine (3-D H machine)1

Appendix 2 - Three-dimensional reference system1

Appendix 3 - Reference data concerning seating positions1

1
The procedure is described in Annex 1 to the Consolidated Resolution on the Construction of
Vehicles (RE.3) (document ECE/TRANS/WP.29/78/Rev.2).

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Annex 7

Annex 7

Test Procedures for the protection of the occupants of

vehicles operating on electrical power from high voltage and
electrolyte spillage
This annex describes test procedures to demonstrate compliance to the electrical safety
requirements of paragraph 5.5. For example, megohmmeter or oscilloscope measurements
are an appropriate alternative to the procedure described below for measuring isolation
resistance. In this case it may be necessary to deactivate the on-board isolation resistance
monitoring system.
Before the vehicle impact test conducted, the high voltage bus voltage (V b) (see figure 1)
shall be measured and recorded to confirm that it is within the operating voltage of the
vehicle as specified by the vehicle manufacturer.
1. Test setup and equipment
If a high voltage disconnect function is used, measurements are to be taken
from both sides of the device performing the disconnect function.
However, if the high voltage disconnect is integral to the RESS or the energy
conversion system and the high-voltage bus of the RESS or the energy
conversion system is protected according to protection IPXXB following the
impact test, measurements may only be taken between the device performing
the disconnect function and the electrical loads.
The voltmeter used in this test shall measure DC values and have an internal
resistance of at least 10 MΩ.
2. The following instructions may be used if voltage is measured.
After the impact test, determine the high voltage bus voltages (V b, V1, V2)
(see figure 1).
The voltage measurement shall be made not earlier than 5 seconds but not
later than 60 seconds after the impact.
This procedure is not applicable if the test is performed under the condition
where the electrical power train is not energized.

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Figure 1
Measurement of Vb, V1, V2

Electrical Chassis
Energy Conversion
System Assembly Electric Power source
V2
High Voltage Bus

+ +
Energy Electric
Traction System
Conversion Vb Power
System Source
- -

V1

Electrical Chassis

3. Assessment procedure for low electrical energy

Prior to the impact a switch S1 and a known discharge resistor Re is
connected in parallel to the relevant capacitance (ref. figure 2).
Not earlier than 5 seconds and not later than 60 seconds after the impact the
switch S1 shall be closed while the voltage Vb and the current Ie are measured
and recorded. The product of the voltage Vb and the current Ie shall be
integrated over the period of time, starting from the moment when the switch
S1 is closed (tc) until the voltage Vb falls below the high voltage threshold of
60 V DC (th). The resulting integration equals the total energy (TE) in joules:
th
(a)
TE  V
tc
b I e dt

When Vb is measured at a point in time between 5 seconds and 60 seconds

after the impact and the capacitance of the X-capacitors (Cx) is specified by
the manufacturer, total energy (TE) shall be calculated according to the
following formula:
(b) TE = 0.5 x Cx x(Vb2 – 3 600 Volt2)
When V1, V2 (see figure 1) are measured at a point in time between 5 seconds
and 60 seconds after the impact and the capacitances of the Y-capacitors (Cy1,
Cy2) are specified by the manufacturer, total energy (TE y1, TEy2) shall be
calculated according to the following formulas:
(c) TEy1 = 0.5 x Cy1 x (V12 – 3 600)
TEy2 = 0.5 x Cy2 x (V22 – 3 600)
This procedure is not applicable if the test is performed under the condition
where the electrical power train is not energized.

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Figure 2
E.g. measurement of high voltage bus energy stored in X-capacitors

Electrical Chassis

Energy Conversion
System Assembly RESS Assembly
High Voltage Bus

+ +
S1
Energy
Traction System Vb RESS
Conversion
System Re
- Ie -

Electrical Chassis

4. Physical protection
Following the vehicle impact test any parts surrounding the high voltage
components shall be, without the use of tools, opened, disassembled or
removed. All remaining surrounding parts shall be considered part of the
physical protection.
The Jointed Test Finger described in Appendix 1 figure 1 shall be inserted
into any gaps or openings of the physical protection with a test force
of 10 N ± 10 per cent for electrical safety assessment. If partial or full
penetration into the physical protection by the Jointed Test Finger occurs, the
Jointed Test Finger shall be placed in every position as specified below.
Starting from the straight position, both joints of the test finger shall be
rotated progressively through an angle of up to 90 degrees with respect to the
axis of the adjoining section of the finger and shall be placed in every
possible position.
Internal barriers are considered part of the enclosure.
If appropriate a low-voltage supply (of not less than 40 V and not more
than 50 V) in series with a suitable lamp should be connected, between the
Jointed Test Finger and high voltage live parts inside the electrical protection
barrier or enclosure.
4.1. Acceptance conditions
The requirements of paragraph 5.5.1.3. shall be considered to be met if the
Jointed Test Finger described in Appendix 1, figure 1 is unable to contact
high voltage live parts.
If necessary a mirror or a fiberscope may be used in order to inspect whether
the Jointed Test Finger touches the high voltage buses.
If this requirement is verified by a signal circuit between the Jointed Test
Finger and high voltage live parts, the lamp shall not light.

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5. Isolation resistance
The isolation resistance between the high voltage bus and the electrical
chassis may be demonstrated either by measurement or by a combination of
measurement and calculation.
The following instructions should be used if the isolation resistance is
demonstrated by measurement.
Measure and record the voltage (Vb) between the negative and the positive
side of the high voltage bus (see figure 1):
Measure and record the voltage (V1) between the negative side of the high
voltage bus and the electrical chassis (see figure 1):
Measure and record the voltage (V2) between the positive side of the high
voltage bus and the electrical chassis (see figure 1):
If V1 is greater than or equal to V2, insert a standard known resistance (Ro)
between the negative side of the high voltage bus and the electrical chassis.
With Ro installed, measure the voltage (V1’) between the negative side of the
high voltage bus and the vehicle electrical chassis (see figure 3). Calculate
the isolation resistance (Ri) according to the formula shown below.
Ri = Ro*(Vb/V1’ – Vb/V1) or Ri = Ro*Vb*(1/V1’ – 1/V1)
Divide the result Ri, which is the electrical isolation resistance value (in Ω)
by the working voltage of the high voltage bus in volt (V).
Ri (Ω / V) = Ri (Ω) / Working voltage (V)

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Figure 3
Measurement of V1’

Electrical Chassis

Energy Conversion
System Assembly RESS Assembly

High Voltage Bus

+ +

Energy
Traction System RESS
Conversion
System

- -

V1’ R0

Electrical Chassis

If V2 is greater than V1, insert a standard known resistance (Ro) between the
positive side of the high voltage bus and the electrical chassis. With Ro
installed, measure the voltage (V2’) between the positive side of the high
voltage bus and the electrical chassis (see figure 4).
Calculate the isolation resistance (Ri) according to the formula shown below.
Ri = Ro*(Vb/V2’ – Vb/V2) or Ri = Ro*Vb*(1/V2’ – 1/V2)
Divide the result Ri, which is the electrical isolation resistance value (in Ω)
by the working voltage of the high voltage bus in volt (V).
Ri (Ω / V) = Ri (Ω) / Working voltage (V)

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Figure 4
Measurement of V2’

Electrical Chassis

Energy Conversion
System Assembly V2’ R0 RESS Assembly

High Voltage Bus

+ +

Energy
Conversion Traction System RESS
System

- -

Electrical Chassis

Note: The standard known resistance Ro (Ω) should be the value of the
minimum required isolation resistance (Ω /V) multiplied by the working
voltage of the vehicle plus/minus 20 per cent. Ro is not required to be
precisely this value since the equations are valid for any Ro; however, an R o
value in this range should provide a good resolution for the voltage
measurements.
6. Electrolyte spillage
Appropriate coating shall be applied, if necessary, to the physical protection
in order to confirm any electrolyte leakage from the RESS after the impact
test.
Unless the manufacturer provides means to differentiate between the leakage
of different liquids, all liquid leakage shall be considered as the electrolyte.
7. RESS retention
Compliance shall be determined by visual inspection.

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Annex 7 – Appendix 1

Annex 7 – Appendix 1

Jointed Test Finger (IPXXB)

Figure 1
Jointed test finger

Material: metal, except where otherwise specified

Linear dimensions in millimeters
Tolerances on dimensions without specific tolerance:
(a) On angles: 0/-10°
(b) On linear dimensions: up to 25 mm: 0/-0.05 mm over 25 mm: ±0.2 mm
Both joints shall permit movement in the same plane and the same direction through an
angle of 90° with a 0 to +10° tolerance.

43