Course Title: Numerical Analysis
Course No.: Math. Ed. 447 Nature of course: Theoretical
Level: BICTE Credit Hour: 3 hours
Semester: Fourth Teaching Hour: 48 hours
1. Course Description:
This course is designed for the students of BICTE under Tribhuvan University. It helps
students to fulfill their increasing desire towards numerical answers to applied problems
with the help of methods and techniques of numerical analysis. Although numerical
methods have always been useful, their role in the present day scientific research is of
fundamental importance. It deals with numerical methods which give the solution when
ordinary analytical methods fail for the solution of transcendental equations. In addition,
it deals those numerical techniques which can be used for the solution of system of linear
equations through matrix computations along with solution of non-linear equations
through interpolation and iterative method of differentiation and integration. This course
also provides a foundation for the mathematical modeling in the field of research.
2. General Objectives
To understand errors and approximation.
To use different methods for solving transcendental and linear simultaneous
equations.
To define different types of differences and construct their tables, and establish
the relationship between them.
To be familiar with interpolation and apply suitable interpolation formula for
numerical problems
To deal with numerical approximations of derivatives
To approximate computation of an integral using numerical techniques
3. Specific Objectives and contents
Unit-I Errors and computation of roots (8 hrs)
To identify the types of Significant digits
errors Errors
To derive general error General error formula
formula Error in a series approximation
To generalize a series Linear equations
approximation Graphical solution of equations
To solve linear equations Bisection method
graphically The method of false position
To find solution of Iteration method
equations by bisection Newton – Raphson method
method
Generalized Newton’s formula for multiple roots
To discuss the method of
Muller’s method
false position
To solve equations by
iteration method
To use Newton – Raphson
iteration formula
To apply the Muller ‘s
method to approximate the
roots of equations
Unit –II Solution of Linear simultaneous Equations (8 hrs)
To identify linear- Linear simultaneous equations (LSE)
simultaneous equations. Gauss elimination method
To apply Gauss elimination Gauss – Jordan method
method in solving Jacobi – iteration method
simultaneous equations Gauss – Seidel iteration method
To solve simultaneous Matrix inversion method
equations by Gauss – Factorization method
Jordan method Iteration method
To solve LS equations Partition method
by using Jacobi’s and
Gauss – Seidel iteration
method
To discuss and use
factorization, Iterative and
partition methods to solve
simultaneous equations.
Unit –III Differences of polynomials (10 hrs)
To discuss forward and backward Forward difference operator
difference operators Forward difference table
To construct difference tables The operator E
To discuss properties of the forward Relation between the operators E
difference operator and
To establish relationship among the The operator D
operators E ,D and Backward difference table
To express a given polynomial in Factorial polynomial
factorial notation Central difference operator
To identify the central difference Central difference table
operator and the mean operator Mean operator
To construct the central difference Relationship between operators ,
table ,E , and
To establish relationship
between the operators ,
,E , and
Unit –IV Interpolation with Equal Intervals (8 hrs)
To derive and use Newton – Gregory Newton –Gregory forward
forward interpolation formula interpolation formula
To derive and use Newton –Gregory Newton - Gregory backward
backward interpolation formula interpolation formula
To apply forward and backward Error in the interpolation formula
interpolation formulae in solving Gauss’ forward interpolation formula
problems Gauss’ s backward interpolation
To derive and use Gauss’ forward and formula
backward interpolation formula Bessel’s formula
To apply Bessel’s and Stirling's Stirling’s formula
formula for interpolation
Unit -v Interpolation with Unequal Intervals (4 hrs )
To discuss linear and quadratic Linear interpolation
interpolations Quadratic interpolation
To find divided differences Divided differences
To establish the relationship between Second divided difference
divided differences and ordinary Newton ’s divided difference
differences interpolation
Relation between divided differences
and ordinary differences
Unit – VI Numerical Differentiation and integration ( 10 hrs )
To derive formula for the derivative Numerical differentiation
using forward and backward Derivative using forward difference
difference formula formula
To derive formula for derivative Derivative using backward difference
using central difference formula formula
To derive general quadrature formula Derivative using central difference
To apply trapezoidal rule , Simpson’s formula
one –third rule ,three-eighth rule , General quadrature formula for
Bool’s rule and Weddle’s rule for equidistant ordinates
solving numerical problems Trapezoidal rule
To find errors in quadrature formula Simpson,s One –Third rule
Simpson,s Three – Eighth rule
Bool,s rule
Weddle ,s rule
Errors in quadrature formula
4.Instructional Techniques
Units Activity and Instructional Techniques
Unit I Individual and group discussion on calculating errors
Unit II Individual and group discussion on bisection and iteration
methods
Group and individual assignments on problems of getting roots by
bisection method
Unit III Group and individual discussion on different methods of solving
linear simultaneous equations
Unit IV Individual and group assignments on finite differences
Unit V Presentation and discussion on computer programming in c++ of
important methods
Unit VI Individual and group presentation on divided differences and
ordinary differences
5. Evaluation
Internal evaluation
Internal evaluation will be conducted by course teacher based on following activities:
a. Attendance 5 points
b. Participation in learning activity 5 points
c. First assessment test 10 points
d. Second ssessment test 10 points
e. Third ssessment test 10 points
` ………………………………………………..
Total 40 points
NOTE: Internal evaluation and assignments may include the numerical calculation and computation by
using different computer application like as Matlab, Geobebra and MS Excel also.
External Evaluation:
Faculty of Education, Examination division will conduct final examination of weight 60
points at the end of semester. This 60 points is divided in final examination paper as
Objective questions (10 x 1) 10 points
Short answer questions (6 x 5) 30 points
Long answer questions (2x 10) 20 points
………………………………………………………………..
Total 60 points
6.Recommended and Reference Books
6.1 Recommended books
Sastry, S.S. (1990). Introductory methods of numerical analysis ,New Delhi : Prentice-
Hall of India ( Units I – VI )
Gupta S. and Sharma S.(2014).Numerical analysis ,New Delhi : S.K .Kataria & Sons
( Units I – VI )
6.2 Reference books
Conte S.D. (1965) , Elementary numerical analysis Mc Graw- Hill Froberge
C.E. (1965) , Introduction to numerical analysis ,Adison Wesley
Jian , M.K.(1971) , Numerical analysis for scientists and engineers Delhi:S.B.W .
Publishers
Sastry S.S. (1997) , Engineering mathematics , New Delhi : Prentice-Hall of India
Stanton , R.G. (1967) , Numerical methods for science and engineering , New
Delhi : Prentice-Hall of India
