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Fundamentals of MIMO Wireless Communications

Assignment 2 (Corresponding to Lecture 6-10)

Question 1:

The power of a certain transmitted signal is 60 mW, the power in dBm is

a. -42.22 dBm
b. -12.22 dBm
c. 17.78 dBm
d. 47.78 dBm

Correct Answer : c

Detailed Solution:
60 × 10−3
 
Power in dBm = 10log10 = 17.78 dBm.
1 × 10−3

Question 2:

Path Loss Exponent of free space is

a. 1
b. 2
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c. 3
d. 4

Correct Answer : b

Detailed Solution:
Please go through lecture 7 (around 2:20) and/or the suggested textbooks.

Question 3:

The distribution followed by the received power (in dB scale) in a shadow fad-
ing channel is

a. Gaussian
b. log-normal
c. exponential
d. Rayleigh

Correct Answer : a

Detailed Solution:
Please go through lecture 7 (around 16:40) and/or the suggested textbooks.

Question 4:
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The effective aperture of an antenna is 0.5 m2 , the gain of the antenna at 2.4
GHz is approximately

a. 100
b. 200
c. 300
d. 400

Correct Answer : d

Detailed Solution:
The relationship between effective aperture and gain is (lecture 6, around 11:45)

4πAe
G= ,
λ2
c
where, Ae is the effective aperture and λ is the wavelength. In this problem λ = ,
f
where f = 2.4 × 109 Hz and c is the speed of light in vacuum. Putting values, we get
the solution.

Question 5:

Match the channel path loss models given in column A with the corresponding
PLEs given in Column B
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Column A Column B
1 P L(d) = 42 + 21.3log10 (d) + 14log10 (f ) 1 3.1
2 P L(d) = 27 + 35.4log10 (d) + 17log10 (f ) 2 4.16
3 P L(d) = 36 + 41.6log10 (d) + 13log10 (f ) 3 2.13
4 P L(d) = 52 + 31log10 (d) + 24log10 (f ) 4 3.54

a. A1-B1; A2-B2; A3-B3; A4-B4

b. A1-B2; A2-B1; A3-B4; A4-B3
c. A1-B3; A2-B4; A3-B2; A4-B1
d. A1-B4; A2-B3; A3-B2; A4-B1

Correct Answer : c

Detailed Solution:
Please go through lecture 7 (around 16:20) and/or the suggested textbooks.

Question 6:

The speed of an airplane is 400 Km/hr, and it is heading the airport control tower
at an angle of elevation of 450 . The communication between the airplane and the
airport control tower takes place at 150 MHz. The frequency of the signal received
by the airplane is

a. 150 × 106 + 78 Hz
b. 150 × 106 + 39 Hz
c. 150 × 106 − 39 Hz
d. 150 × 106 − 78 Hz
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Correct Answer : b

Detailed Solution:
v = 400 Km/hr = 111.11 m/s.
Now,
vcosθ
fd =
λ
vfc cosθ
= ,
c

where, c is the speed of light, λ is the wavelength, fc is the carrier frequency (=150
MHz), θ = 450 .

Putting values we get, the Doppler frequency, fd = 39 Hz, so the frequency received
by the airplane will be fc + fd as the airplane is moving towards the airport control
tower.

Question 7:

Local average fluctuations of received signal power with transmitter-receiver separation

distance is observed due to,

a. small scale fading

b. path loss
c. shadowing
d. none of the above

Correct Answer : c
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Detailed Solution: Please go through the lecture 6 (around 7:10) and/or the
suggested textbooks.

Question 8:

The path loss at a distance d from an antenna (d  Antenna dimensions) is given as

P L(d) = 140 + 22log10 (d)

If the transmitted power is 200 mW, the received power at d = 100 m is

a. 7.96 × 10−11 mW
b. 7.96 × 10−14 mW
c. 7.96 × 10−17 mW
d. 7.96 × 10−20 mW

Correct Answer : c

Detailed Solution:
PT = 200 mW = 23.01 dBm
Now,
PR (d) = PT − P L(d)
= 23.01 − [140 + 22log10 (100)]
= 23.01 − 184
= −160.99 dBm

−160.99
So in linear scale it can be converted to PR = 1 × 10−3 × 10 10 watts =
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7.96 × 10−17 mW.

Question 9:

Match the pairs from column A and column B. (K = Rician K-factor)

Column A Column B
1 Almost no fading 1 K=0
2 Rayleigh fading 2 K>0
3 NLOS channel 3 K=∞

a. A1-B1; A2-B2; A3-B3

b. A1-B2; A2-B3; A3-B1
c. A1-B1; A2-B3; A3-B1
d. A1-B3; A2-B1; A3-B2

Correct Answer : d

Detailed Solution:
Please go through lecture 10 (around 32:30) and/or the suggested textbooks.

Question 10:

A Rayleigh channel has a value of 2σ 2 = 1 mW. What is the probability of the

received power falling below 0.1 mW?

a. 0.3
b. 0.07
c. 0.0952
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d. 0.19

Correct Answer : c

Detailed Solution:
For Rayleigh distributed channel, the envelope of the received signal (r) is distributed
as,
r r2
pR (r) = 2 exp(− 2 ).
σ 2σ

The received power (γ = r2 ) is distributed as,

1  γ 
pΓ (γ) = 2 exp − 2 .
2σ 2σ
The probability of the power falling below γ0 is,
Z γ0
γ0
P r(Γ ≤ γ0 ) = pΓ (γ)dγ = 1 − exp(− 2 ).
γ=0 2σ

Putting values we get, P r(Γ ≤ γ0 ) = 0.0952.

Question 11:

The power delay profile of a channel is modelled as (for τ ≥ 0)

1 τ
Ac (τ ) = exp(− ).
Tm Tm
Find the rms delay spread of the channel.

a. 0.5Tm
b. 0.707Tm
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c. Tm
d. 1.414Tm

Correct Answer : c

Detailed Solution:
Z ∞
τ τ
Tmed = exp(− )dτ = Tm .
t=0 Tm Tm
The rms delay is given as
sZ
∞
τ2 τ 2
σ= exp(− )dτ − Tmed = 2Tm − Tm = Tm .
t=0 Tm Tm

Question 12:

The phases of the received multipath components are

a. uniformly distributed
b. normal distributed
c. Rayleigh distributed
d. exponential distributed

Correct Answer : a

Detailed Solution:
Please go through lecture 10 (around 6:00) and/or the suggested textbooks.
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Question 13:

The signal strength variations due to shadowing can be seen for distances around

a. 0.1 - 1 m
b. 10-100 m
c. 100 m - 1 Km
d. None of the above

Correct Answer : b

Detailed Solution:
Please go through the lecture 6 (around 5:20) and/or the suggested textbooks.

Question 14:

For a frequency flat fading channel, the channel response

a. does not vary with frequency, but can vary with time
b. does not vary with time, but can vary with frequency
c. does not vary with both time and frequency
d. varies with both time and frequency

Correct Answer : a

Detailed Solution:
Please go through lecture 9 (around 27:45) and/or the suggested textbooks.
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Question 15:

A transmitting antenna is transmitting a power of 100 mW. The carrier frequency

is 2.4 GHz. The transmitting and receiving antennas are unity gain. Neglecting
multipath, the received power at a distance of 100 m is

a. 0.49 nW
b. 0.99 nW
c. 1.49 nW
d. 1.99 nW

Correct Answer : b

Detailed Solution:
From Friis transmission equation, we have

PT GT GR λ2
PR = . (1)
(4πR)2
c
Here, fc = 2.4 GHz, λ = = 0.125 m, PT = 100 mW, GT = GR = 1, R = 100m
fc
and c is the speed of light in vacuum.
Putting all these values in (1), we get the answer.