inking Words Clevses ch Cenit Coe ‘He preters to make things by hand atthoughieven though ne could use a machine Clauses of contrast are used to express a contrast. ‘They are introduced with the following words/phrases: but -aithoughieven thoughithough - in spite offdespite - however - whilelwhereas- yet - nevertheless - on the other hand @ bute. twas cols, but she wasnt wearing a coat ‘© sithough/even thoughthough + clause Even though Is more emphatic than although. ‘Though is Informal and le often used in everyday ‘speech. Itean also be put at the end of a sentence, ‘8g. AlinoughiEven thoughiThough i was summer, ‘twas chil. ‘ts oily althoughleven thoughithough it was Itwas summer. twas chily, though, © in spite o/despite + nour/ng form ‘eg. In spite offDespite his quaitications he couldnt 91 8j. He couldn" get a job in spite ofidespte (his) being quale In eplto offdespite the fact that + clause ‘eg. In spite of/Deepito tho fact hat he was qualified. he cout’ get a ob. © nowever/nevertholess A comma Is always used after howeverinevertheless. 2.9. The man fel of the ladder However/Neverthless, he wasn ht ® whilehwhereas 9. Shes tal, whilewhereas her brother rather short © yet format 9. The re was widespread, yet no propery was amaged, [My cars ld. SU, 1s in very good condition © on the other hand 2.9, Cars arent ervironmenaly tend. ‘On the other hand, bicycles are /Bleycles, om the ‘other hand, ae, GO 14)p choose tne corect answer. 1. .A. the heavy snow. we managed to gett the oftce A inspiteo! B However While 2 needing a res. the team continued to work A inspte B Despite Although 3. lke peaches. | don't ike bananas, ‘A whereas Bon thoother hand C though 4 The fm was good, twas also very tightening A aespile—-B bul ©. in spite 5 Paul chives a cr, Charles rides a motorbike A whereas B even though C despite ‘ she isn't fond of classical music, she went to the concer. A However B Eventhough © While 7 being hungry, Sally cin’ eat anything A However -B Yet © inspite ot 8 The alarm went ot he ditt wake up. A whereas B yet © while ° we ft the house early, we stil missed he bus, A Athough —B Despite In spte of 10 He wasnt wearing a coat, itwas very cold ‘A wnereas —B eventhough © despite 15jp complete tno sentences. 1 In site ofthe rain, the football match took olace. Alhough ..if was raining, the football match took place. 2 Even though we were late, we stopped to have something to eat, Despee ‘2 Even hough they ae good trends, they argue alot inspite 5 4 Inpite of having a fot of money, they are very mean, though 5 Inspite of wining ine competion, he wasn’ satisfies Even though 6 Even though he woke Up early, he was late for his appoirament, Despite 16)p Bewite te sentences stag the words) in 1 Ivo in London. Sarah ives in Manchester. (while) Ive in London while Sarah ives in Manchester 2 We went tothe party. We wore very tired. (though) 3 She doesn't eam much money. She worke very hard {in spite of)44 He asi He went to work (despite) 15 Tvs appliance is very expensive. 11s practical. (ye!) 16. The teacher explained the question in deta | didn Understand (ti) 7 drank abot of water was stil thy. (aven though) {8 Thetimwas borg We conned watch spite of {8 Dawd can’ play football He is good a basketbal (on the ether hand) 10 twas very ate The quests didn't leave, (nevertheless) 11 (isa went shopping. She didn't buy anything. (but) 42. The boy el off vs bieyele. He wasn't hurt. (Rowever) 33 He was 1 He cout sleep (although) 14 Gian is good at Maths. His sisters good at Soence (oenereas) 18 Janets Clever She finds some subjects cic (sti) 16 Heis nen. Hes not happy. (Bespite) 120 the sentences using the words in the example. 1 Deans sired. He doesn't want to goto bed. (aknough, despite) 4) Although Dennis is tired, he doesn't want to g0 ‘co bad. b) Despite (hi) being tired, Dennis docen't want 10 90 t0 bed. 2 twee a lovely day They stayed inside. (however, in ‘spite of) '3- Martinis a good codk, He rarely cooks fr his rend, {etil, though) 4 The house 1s in bad condition. They paid a lot of money fort, (even though, nevertheless) ‘5 Thelecire was very mpotant Few students atended. (despite, yet) ‘6. There wasnt much food in the ridge. We managed to make 2 meal. (although, however) 7 She hadnt slept well She looked lresh and ively. (ctl inspite of) 8 His parents are very rich. He never asks them for money. (nevertheless, yet) ‘9 ted teen te fm betore | enjoyed watching # again. (though, despite) 10 Geine Dion my favourte singer. | haven't been to ‘any of hee concerts. (even though, however) ‘Clauses of manner are introduced with as it UNIT 10 Clauses - Linking en They look asi ‘nough they ae in 8 ey fees though Sh are weed to express the way in which something 's ‘done/said, ete. “© We use os iflas though after verbs such as 2 ‘Topear, be, behave, feel ook, seem, smell, sound, faate to say how somebody or something looks, behaves, ete og Hels acting 28 Ifa though he's had bad news ‘We algo use as ifias though with other verbs to say how somebody does something, ‘0g, She talks as ies though she knows everthing ‘We use as ifs though + talking about an unreal bbe used instead of was in all persons. ‘eg. He spends ne money as it/as though he wasiwere a milionaire. (But he sn") Te behaves as fia though he owned iho place (ut he doesn't) st tone when we are sent situation. Were can Note: We can use like instead of as it’s though In ‘spoken English. ‘9, She looks lke she's going 10 faint. (informal spoken English) Gap rate vt bscta ne te comet 1 She was wandering up and down the sieet. She looked as though she ..waa.. (be) lost ‘Aihough he hed a degree in French, sounded as though he [nalspeak) well “Te skys dark t1o0KS as (an) There 1 a strange smell in the kichen. smal as though something (oun) ‘Tom istwenty-fve years ol, buthe sometimes acts as though he (be) a chi Colin was out of breath. He sounded as though he (un) “im 'nas oniy just learned tis game, but he plays as ithe (play) for years ‘We nad never met belore. but she greeted me as # we "tev each othe al Ou es vl© clauses / Linking words @® reprrase tn sontoncos using the word in brackets, In the example. 1. Alan has a cold. He wants to play inthe football match. ( Despite having a cold, Alan wants to play.in the f Although Alan has a ca te, although) match ld, be wante.to play in the football match 2 | studied all weokend. | didn't pass the test. (nevertheless, in spite of) 3 Paul looks exhausted. He's just come back trom a holiday. (even though, however) 4 John plays the guitar very wel, He has a torible voice. (but, however) 5. Itwas snowing. He decided to walk to school. (although, despite) {6 Spietberg is my favourite director. don't have any of his flms on DVD. (while, yet) @® Fin: despite, ut, ren though, no mater how, whereas oF no attr what ‘Many people dream of experiencing the till of deep-sea diving. But 1) no mmiatter how. determined you might be, it’s stil hard to take the fist steps towards realing your dreams. That's where Sam's Scuba School in Blize can help! Our four-day beginner course is perfect for learning the basics 2 you may have never dived before, once you complete two days of practice in our swimming poo, you will be ready for two days of open-water diving! Our school aso offers courses for experienced divers 3) the fact that our schoo! only two yeas ol, we have some of the world’s best instructors who can help you get to the next level. 4) that’s not all 5) other diving schools only offer discounts at certain times ofthe year, Sams has, specialgal par round! So why not check us out at wn santcuba be. And believe us; 6) ‘others might say, deep-sea diving in Belize sa safe and thrilling ‘experience you'll never forget!ra aa 58a Circle the correct answer. In 2006 more than 25% of holiday makers booked their holiday less than four weeks before leaving (0) although |@hereas)last year fewer than 5% made arrangements in the month before they went away. In 2005 35% of holiday ‘makers booked a trip six months or more in advance (3) however / while only 13% do so now, said a travel industry researcher. ‘Another trend is that travellers are now more likely to research and book their ‘own holidays. (2) On the one hand / Whereas previously they would rely on a travel agent, travellers are now obtaining their information through the Internet. Budget airlines are also having an effect on the travel industry. (3) Despite / Although the fact that these airlines offer only a basic service, they are a popular choice with many travellers. : The types of holidays people take are also changing. They are going away'* more frequently (q) and / however short breaks have replaced the traditional two-week summer holiday. (5) Even though / In spite ofall of these changes, the ‘number of people booking traditional package holidays is expected to remain the same over the next five years. (6) But / However, the number of people who take adventure or sporting holidays is expected to increase by 200%. () On the one hand | However, these changes could be disastrous for tour operators and travel agents. (8) Despite / On the other hand, the changes are an opportunity for the travel industry to adapt and enter new markets, the report concludes. a 58b Re-write the sentences. Use the words in brackets. 0 I'mnot sure if my answers are right but you can copy them. (although) ‘Although fin no sure ify aneuersaie oe you can cope ome Despite the fact that her doctor told her to rest, she went to Spain. (even though) ‘She joined the company only a year ago but she’s been promoted already. (in spite of) Even though it was raining, we went out for the day. (despite) The government spent money on weapons but it neglected education. (whereas)