MATH 403

ENGINEERING
DATA ANALYSIS
Prepared by: Engr. Chinie M. Dimacquiat
 Module 8

GENERAL PROCEDURE FOR HYPOTHESIS TESTS

1. State the null and alternative hypothesis.
2. Determine the level of significance and the direction of test. The direction of test
will be based on whether the alternative hypothesis is stated as left or right tailed
test or as two-tailed test.
3. Determine the appropriate statistical test based on the level of measurement of
the data gathered.
4. Write the decision rule expressing on how to accept or reject the null
hypothesis.
1. S Module 8
2. D
3. D
GENERAL PROCEDURE FOR HYPOTHESIS TESTS
4. W
5. Compute the test statistic and compare with the critical value. The test statistic
plays a vital role in rejecting or accepting the null hypothesis.
6. State the decision based on the resulting computed value when compared to
the critical value.
7. Draw scientific or engineering conclusion for the given problem.
 Module 8

Test on the Mean of a Normal

Distribution Variance Known
In order to draw inference on a mean in one-population case assuming that the
entries are normally distributed and the variance is known, Z-test is used. It can be
used when the sample size is equal or greater than 30 (n ≥ 30). The Z-statistic, Z꜀, is
the test statistic used in order to lead for the rejection of null hypothesis in favor of
the alternative hypothesis. This is computed as:
 Module 8

Test on the Mean of a Normal

Distribution Variance Known
For a two-tailed test, the value of 1-α/2 written symbolically as zα/2 is
considered.Otherwise, for one-tailed test the value of 1-α written as zα is written
 STATISTICAL INTERVALS

α/2 or α Zα/2 or Zα

5% or 0.05 1.645

2.5% or 0.025 1.96

1% or 0.01 2.326

0.5% or 0.005 2.576

 Module 8

Example 1
A random sample of 100 students enrolled in Statistics course under Professor X
shows that the average grade in the midterm examination is 85%. Professor X claims
that the average grade of the students in the midterm is at least 80% with a standard
deviation of 16%. Is there an evidence to say that the claim is correct at 5% level of
significance?
 Module 8

Example 1
Solution:
 Module 8

Example 1
Solution:
 Module 8

Example 2
A manufacturer of solar lamp claims that the mean useful life of their new product is
8 months with a standard deviation of 0.5 month. To test this clam, a random sample
of 50 solar lamps were tested and found to have a mean life of 7.8 months. Test the
hypothesis that µ = 8 months against the alternative hypothesis that µ ≠ 8 months
using 1% level of significance.
 Module 8

Example 2
Solution:
 Module 8

Example 2
Solution:
Air crew escape systems are powered by a solid propellant. The burning rate of this
propellant is an important product characteristic. Specifications require that the mean
burning rate must be 50 centimeters per second. We know that the standard deviation of
burning rate is σ = 2 centimeters per second. The experimenter decides to specify a type
I error probability or significance level of α = 0.05 and selects a random sample of n = 25
and obtains a sample average burning rate of 51.3 centimeters per second. What
conclusions should be drawn?
 Null Hypothesis &
1
Alternative Hypothesis:

2 Level of Significance:

3 Statistical Test:

4 Critical Region: Reject H₀ if z₀ < -z₀.₀₂₅ = -1.96 , or z₀ > z₀.₀₂₅ = 1.96

5 Computation:

6 Decision: Reject H₀.

There is strong evidence that the mean burning rate exceeds 50

7 Conclusion:
centimeters per second.
 Module 8

Test on the Mean of a Normal

Distribution Variance Unknown
For a two-sided test, critical value is obtained at α/2 and at a degree of freedom (d.f.)
equals to (n-1), written as tα/2 (n-1). Otherwise, for one-sided test, the value is
obtained at α and at a degree of freedom (n-1) written as tα (n-1).
STATISTICAL INTERVALS
 Module 8

Example 1
The College of Engineering of a State University gives an entrance exam to incoming
freshmen. Those who got scores equal or higher than the set passing are accepted
in the College. The average score of the incoming freshmen was 80% before the
implementation of K to 12 education system. Due to this implementation, the
entrance exam was suspended for two years and it is thought that the quality of the
first year students had diminished. However, with the vision, mission, goals and
objectives of the University and the College towards quality education, the Dean
wants to determine if the quality of freshmen students has changed.
 Module 8

Example 1
He wants to know if it has improved or diminished so a small random sample of 15
freshmen students and administers the same entrance exam. The average score is
found to be 83% with a standard deviation of 5%. Determine whether the quality has
changed using 1% level of significance
 Module 8

Example 1
 Module 8

Example 1
 An experiment was performed in which 15 drivers produced by a particular club maker
were selected at random and their coefficients of restitution measured. In the
experiment, the golf balls were fired from an air cannon so that the incoming velocity and
spin rate of the ball could be precisely controlled. It is of interest to determine whether
there is evidence (with α = 0.05) to support a claim that the mean coefficient of restitution
exceeds 0.82. The observations follow:

The sample mean and sample standard deviation are 0.83725 and 0.02456 respectively.
 Null Hypothesis &
1
Alternative Hypothesis:

2 Level of Significance:

3 Statistical Test:

4 Critical Region: Reject H₀ if t₀ > t₀.₀₅, ₁₄ = 1.761

5 Computation:

6 Decision: Reject H₀.

There is strong evidence to conclude that the mean coefficient of

7 Conclusion:
restitution exceeds 0.82.
 Module 8

Test on Variance and Statistical

Deviation of a Normal Distribution
The chi-square distribution will be used to test a claim about a single variance or
standard deviation. The formula for the Chi-square test for a single variance is given
by:
STATISTICAL INTERVALS
 Module 8

Example 1
A company claims that the variance of the sugar content of its ice cream is equal to
25 mg/oz. A sample of 20 servings is selected, and the sugar contents is measured.
The variance of the sample is found to be 36. At 10% level of significance, is there
enough evidence to reject the claim?
 Module 8

Example 1
 Module 8

Example 1
An automated fi lling machine is used to fill bottles with liquid detergent. A random
sample of 20 bottles results in a sample variance of fill volume of s² = 0.0153 (fluid
ounces)² . If the variance of fill volume exceeds 0.01 (fluid ounces)² , an unacceptable
proportion of bottles will be underfilled or overfilled. Is there evidence in the sample data
to suggest that the manufacturer has a problem with underfilled or overfilled bottles?
Use α = 0.05, and assume that fill volume has a normal distribution.
 Null Hypothesis &
1
Alternative Hypothesis:

2 Level of Significance:

3 Statistical Test:

4 Critical Region:
5 Computation:

6 Decision: Accept H₀.

There is no strong evidence that the variance of

7 Conclusion:
fill volume exceeds 0.01 (fluid ounces)² .
 MATH 403

ENGINEERING
DATA ANALYSIS
Reference:

Cabaceres, D., Marcaida, M., & Sotto, R. (n.d.) Engineering Data

Analysis.