THERE IS ONLY ONE BEST ANSWER FOR THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS> CHOOSE THE BEST ANSWER
USING CAPITAL LETTER ON THE ANSWER SHEET.
1, Any aspect of an individual or object that is measured or recorded any takes
any value is.
A. Data
B. variable
C. Information
D. Code
2, Which one of the following is continuos numerical variable?
A. Serum cholesterol level of patients
B. Number of nurses in Hospital
C. Number of Hospital in ETHIOPIA
D. The number of heart beats per minute
3, The findings of a generalizable study are going to be generalized for.
A. study unit
B. source population
C. study population
D. sampling unit
4, Now a day according to legal aspect of abortion in Ethiopia , abortion is
allowed?
A. When pregnancy results from rape or incest
B. Pregnancy endangering woman’s life and/or health
C. less than 18 yaers of women
D. all of the above
5, one of the following is not true about focused ANC?
A. It is a four visit schedule
B. Approch is integrated with other services
C. Assumes all pregnancies are potentially at risk
D. communication is one way communication
6, Which one is the common cause of mortality in severe acute malnutrition?
A. Hypoglycemia
B. B. Hypothermia
C. C.Hypovolmic shock after diarrhea and vomiting
D. D. all
7, Considering nutritional requirement which one is the most critical period?
A. Period of adolescent
B. period of infancy
C. Under-5yrs
D. All
8, Whice one of the followings is a not diagnostic criteria for pulmonary
tuberculosis in children?
A. Suggestive X-ray findings
B. symptom complex of tuberculosis
C. Sputum smear positivity for AFB
D. erythrocyte sedimentary rate (ESR)
9, which one of the followings is the diagnostic criterion for the diagnosis of
diabetes mellitus?
11.1mmol
A. Symptoms of DM plus random plasma glucose ≥ 200 mg/dl ( l
)
7.0 mmol
B. Fasting plasma glucose≥ 126 mg/dl ( l
)
C. Random plasma glucose≥ 140 mg/dl
D. A and B
10, Which one of the followings is true about pauciarticular juvenile rheumatoid
arthritis?
A. It involves≤ 4 joints
B. Small joint involvement is common
C. Large joint involvement is common
D. It involves≥ 5 joints
E. A and B
11, Which one is the following is not feature regarding of normal labor?
A. Spontaneus onset
B. Delivery by SVD
C. Breach presentation
D. Gestational age b/n 37-42 wks
E. Mather and infant is good condition
12, Which one of the following is not correct regarding partographic management
of the labor?
A. It is recommended in all delivery units with skilled personnel for using it.
B. It serves us an early warning system
C. It assists for early decision on transfer augmentation
D. It increases the quality and regularity of all observations
E. It increases operative intervention
13, Which of the following is not among the possible causes of obstructed labor
A. Contracted pelvis
B. Fetal malformation
C. Fetal malprsentation
D. Macrosomia
E. None
14, Complication of obstructed labor does not include
A. Fistula
B. Ruptured uterus
C. Maternal infection
D. Fetal ditress or death
E. None
15, Immediate postpartum hemorrhage(PPH) can be due to
A. Atonic uterus
B. Trauma to genital tract
C. Retained placenta
D. All of the above
E. A and B only
16. Which one of the following drugs in not safe during the first trimester of
pregnancy for the treatment of malaria?
A. Chloroquine
B. Quinine
C. Artemeter Lumefantrine
D. All except B
E. None
Occurrence of disease by time
1, Sporadic=The occurrence of individual disease at irregular and unpredictable
intervals.
2,Secular trends=Usually shown on a line graph. Sometimes measurement of
‘’time’’ may take over many years. Review may suggest on key events-
improvement in control, or other factors that modify the epidemiology.
Secular trend affected by
-Change in diagnostic techniques
-Changes in the accuracy of the denominator data
-Change in the age distribution of population
-Change in survival from improved treatment
-Change in the actual disease incidence
3,Periodic or cyclic the occurrence of disease outbreaks at regular intervals in
time.the most common types of periodicity are in relation to seasonal changes
Examples malaria, meningitis
17. Which one of the following is not true about Tuberculosis?
A. Tuberculosis commonly affects the lungs
B. M.tuberculosis is the commonest cause of TB, whereas M.Bovis is transmitted
through un pasteurized milk.
C. Cavitory TB patients are more infectious than non cavitory TB patients
D. TB accelerates clinical picture of HIV
E. None
18. Which are not individuals at increased at increased risk of developing
pneumonia
A. smokers
B. viral respiratory infections
C. patients with bronchial asthma
D. Elderly
E. None
19, Which of the following wounds can be closed primarily?
A. Dog bit
B. Human bite
C. Bullet injury on the leg
D. Knife injury on the face after 4 hours
E. None
20, Which one is not the differential diagnosis of acute abdomen
A. Acute appendicitis
B. Sigmoid volvulus
C. Perforated peptic ulcer disease
D. Urethritis
E. None
21, A 50 years old lady came with RUQ abdominal pain, vomiting, fever, chills and
rigor. What is the most probable diagnosis?
A. Acute gastroenteritis
B. Acute cholecystitis
C. Acute appendicitis
D. Splenic rapture
E. All
22, The occurrence of disease or other health related condition in excess of the
frequency in a given area or among a specific group of people over a particular
period of time is known as:
A. Pandamic= is an epidemic involving several countries or continents
affecting a large number and people.
B. Endemic=The presence of disease at more or less stable level with in a
given geographical area of a population group.
C. Epidemic=The occurrence of a specific disease in excess of the expected
number in a given area or among a specific group and people over a specific
period of time.
D. Hyper endemic
E. Sporadic=A disease that occurs infrequently and irregularly.
23, Which of the following study designs is in the order of decreasing risk of bias?
A. Cross-sectional, Clinical trial, Cohort study, Case-control stidy
B. Clinical trial, Cross-sectional, Case-control study, Cohort study
C. Cross- sectional, Case-control study, Cohort study, Clinical trial
D. Clinical trial, Cohort study, case-control study, cross-sectional
Cohort study(person-time rate)=Form(x/y)x10n,where
X=number of new cases during follow up period
Y=sum of the lengths of time each study participants was observed
and at risk of disease
10n=1,000 or 10,000 or 100,000
Cohort(follow-up study=Follow-up each person until onset of
disease, death, loss to follow-up, End of study
Add up the time each person was followed
Cross-sectional survey=is generally called study of
prevalence.Survey is conducted in a population, to find
prevalence of a disease and exposure.Exposure and disease
status are assessed simultaneously among individuals at the
same point in the time Cross-sectional surveys could provide
information about the frequency of a disease by furnishing
a’’Snapshot’’at a specified time.
Cohort study=difference in disease occurrence
Case control studies=difference in exposure status
24,One of the following is different from the others in that it includes time
element. Which one?
A. Ratio
B. Proportion
C. Rate(death or mortality)=rate is the most important for measuring of
disease.
D. Percentage
Common measures of frequency 1, Ratios 2,Proportions 3, Rate
Ratio=expresses relationship b/n two items in the form of X:Y or X/Y these
items may be either related or independent of each other. EXAMPLE A city
of 4 million people has 400 clinics. Calculate the ratio of clinic s per person
Ratio=400/4,000,000=0.0001clinics/person multiply by 104,
Ratio=0.0001x104=1 clinic/10,000 person
Proportion Definition=Coparison of a part (occurrences) to a whole
population in which these occurrence take place. Or is one number divided
by another number in which those who are included in the
numerator.Aproportion ranges from 0-1 but this measure can also be
expressed as a percentage
Numerator MUST BE INCLUDE in the denominator
Rages b/n 0 and 1 (0-100% )
Percentage=proportion x 100
Example what proportion of the group is female?¿ female/total
fffff/fffffmm=5/7=0.714=71.4%
Example : The proportion of male in the total population in 1988 is
Male/male+ female x100, 23,630,753/47,305,304 x 100=49.95%
Rate= is a special form of proportion that includes the dimension of time
it may be defined as the number of persons with a disease per unit time.it
is considered to be a basic measure of disease occurrence.
25, The ultimate goal of health education is?
A. Behavioral change for better health/quality life
B. Better health education provided for the audience
C. Quality healt education transmitted using materials like poster, etc
D. Convincing the audience to do environmental and personal hygiene
26, How do you operationalize the phrase-healt education/promotion program is
‘’Need based’’?
A. Health Education intervation is provided based on the community interest
B. It is managers that decide health education intervation points
C. It is health workers vote which is used to decide health education problem
D. Centrally federal ministry of health decide health education intervation
programs.
27, Which one of the following is the commonest hematologic malignancy?
A. Acute lymphoblastic leukemia
B. Acute myelogenous leukemia
C. Chronic myelocytic leukemia
D. Chronic myelocytic leukemi
INCIDENCE vs PREVALENCE
INCIDENCE NEW cases or events over period of time. Useful for studing
factors that cause disease(‘’ risk factors’’)
PREVALENCE ALL cases at point/period of time.useful for measuring size of
problem and planning
28, Which one of the followings is appropriately paired?
A. Vitamin D……Rickets
B. Nicin……..Beriberi
C. Thiamine…..pellagra
D. All
29, Which one of the following viruses can be the possible cause for fulminant
hepatitis?
A. HBV
B. HEV
C. HDV and HBV
D. All
30,Which one of the following statements is not explaining about acute renal
failure in children?
A. Sudden deterioration of renal function
B. Most causes are reversible
C. Diverse etiologies
D. Oliguria or Anuria
E. None
31, Which one of the following is the most important cause of treatment failure in
HAART program?
A. Poor adherence
B. High viral load
C. Low immunity
D. All
32, Which one of the following is not true pelvic tumor in females?
A. HPV is incriminated as a cause for cervical Ca
B. There is effective screening method for cervical Ca but still it is a killing
cancer especially in developing countries like Ethiopia
C. Ovarian tumor can be benign or malignant
D. Mayoma, endometrial Ca, endometrial polyp all can arise from serosa(outer
layer) of the uterus
33, Is not abnormal labor of 1st stage?
A. Prolonged latent phase
B. Cervical dilatation arrest
C. Protected cervical dilatation
D. Precipitated labor
E. Cervical change of at least 1.5 cm/hr in multigravid lady
34, Cannot be a method to evacute conceptus tissue from endometrial cavity?
A. MVA
B. E and C(evacuation and curettage)
C. D and C(dilation and curettage)
D. Uterotomy
E. None
35, Active 3rd stage management includes all of thefollowing except
A. Oxytocine 10 Iu IM within the 1st minute
B. Massaging the uterus every 15 min. for 2 hours
C. Controlled cord traction
D. Manual removal of the placenta
E. None
36, Which one is not true about PROM?
A. Defined as rupture of membrane before onset of labor
B. It is risk factor for both maternal and fetal infection
C. Can be complicated by preterm labor and /or abruption
D. Can always be diagnosed with sterile speculum examination
E. Polyhydrominose is one of the risk factors for PROM
37, What do you advice patient with renal failure?
A. Salt reduction
B. Avoiding nephrotoxic drugs
C. Gentamycin administration to treat infection
D. All
E. A and B
38, Who is at increased risk of developing urinary tract infection?
A. Women of reproductive age group
B. Patients with urinary tract stone
C. Urinary tract strictures
D. All
E. A and B
39, Abebech had type 4 diabetes when she was pregnant which subsided after
delivery. Hours later she developed signs and symptom of diabetes. Which type
of diabetes. Which type of diabetes is likely in this patient?
A. Type 1 diabetes
B. Type 2 diabetes
C. Type 4 diabetes
D. Diabetes due to other disease
E. None
40, One of the following is not a route of infection for meningitis?
A. Upper air way droplets
B. Hematogenous spread
C. Contageous spread from adjacent side
D. Direct in open head injury
E. None
41, Which one is a part of peripheral nervous system disease?
A. Encephalitis
B. Spinal cord compression
C. Cranial nerve neuropathy
D. Cerebellar disease
E. None
42, Which iv fluid is used for resuscitation and as well for wound irrigation after
debridment?
A. DW
B. DNS
C. NS
D. Albumin
E. All
43, A man came to emergency OPD after trauma on the perineal area following
car accident. He failed to pass urine, had blood on urethral meatus and painful
suprapubic swelling. Which one is true?
A. Urgent catheterization needed with foley catheter.
B. Need X-ray of the abdomen
C. Immediate cystostomy needed
D. Laparotomy required soon
E. All
44, A lady had yellowish discoloration of the eye, pale stool, dark urine and itching
for a year.physical examination revealed normal except yellowish color change of
sclera and skin.Which one is the most probable diagnosis?
A. Hepatitis
B. Liver cancer
C. Obstructive jaundice
D. Liver cirrhosis
E. None
45, A young man developed painful swelling at the perianal area. He had also
fever and chills. Physical examination revealed tender fluctuant mass on the left
side of perianal area. Which one is true?
A. Converted in to Fistula-in-ano if not adequately treated
B. Perianal abscess is most likely
C. Is more common in immune deficient patients
D. All
E. None
46, A man presented to emergency OPD with sudden onset of severe right side
flank pain and hematuria for 6 hours. For 6 hours. The most probable Dx is?
A. Chlolelithiasis
B. Nephrolithiasis
C. Choledocholithiasis
D. Gall bladder cancer
E. None
47, According to world health organization, one of the following is not improved
sanitation services or methods?
A. Water carriage latrine.
B. Ventilated improved pit latrine.
C. Pit latrine with slab and superstructure
D. Service or bucket latrines
48, One of the following factors doesnot affect utilization of latrines in Ethiopia?
A. Bad smell of a latrine
B. Lack of privacy
C. Lack of light at night
D. If the latrine is constructed from simple and inexpensive materials
49, One cupful of wohaAgar bottle (3ml)treats-amount of water.
A. 10 liters
B. 20 liters
C. 30 liters
D. 40 liters
50, One of the following isnot cut-off point for admission of malnourished child to
management of severe acute malnutrition program according to SAM
management guide 2007; which one?
A. MUAC 11.9 cm
B. MUAC 11.0 cm
C. Bilateral petting oedema of any grade
D. Weight-for Height less than 70% of the median
E. None of the above
51, Which of the following is not among the seven action areas according to the
ENA?
A. Breast feeding
B. Vitamin A supplementation
C. Feeding of sick children
D. Women’s nutrition
E. None of the above
52, Which one of the followings is true about the treatment of organophosphate
poisoning?
A. Activated charcoal can be used
B. Atropine and pralidoxime are the two useful ‘’antidotes’’
C. No antidote is available
D. A and B
53, Which one of the following chromosomal anomaly is the commonest?
A. Down’s syndrome
B. Edward’s syndrome
C. Patau’s syndrome
D. All
54, which one of the followings is not clinical manifestation of congenital
hypothyroidism?
A. The scalp is thickened, and the hair is coarse, brittle, and scanty.
B. The hairline reaches for down on the forehead, which usually appears
wrinkled, especially when the infant cries.
C. Development is usually retarded.
D. The voice is hoarse, and they do not learn to tolk.
E. None
55, Which one of the following is not life attenuated vaccine?
A. BCG
B. OPV
C. Measles
D. pertussisType equation here .
56, Which one of the following is not true about neonatal jaundice?
A. Hyperbilirubinemia is a common and, in most cases,benign problem in
neonates.
B. Jaundice is observed during the 1st wk of life in approximately 60% of term
infants and 80% of preterm infants.
C. Kernicterus is the commonest complication of direct Hyperbilirubinemia
D. A and B
57, Charactersties of effective(adequate) uterine contraction on above 1 st stage
of labor does not include
A. 3-5 contractions per 10 min.
B. Each contraction lasting 40-90 seconds
C. Fundus not indentable at pack of contraction
D. Painless contraction
E. None
58, Which of the following is not among the usual sign symptoms of complete
uterine rupture?
A. Sudden onset of shearing abdominal pain
B. Cessation of uterine contractions
C. Normal FHB
D. Vaginal bleeding
E. Easley palpable fetal parts
59, Assessment of the progress of labor is made by checking?
A. Adequacy of contractions
B. Dilation of the cervix
C. Disent of the presenting part
D. All of the above
E. A and B only
60, Not among inappropriate/harmful practices during labor is?
A. Routine use of supine position during labor
B. Fundal pressure during labor
C. Routine iv infusion in labor
D. Liberal of routine used of episiotomy
E. None
61, Not among post operative complication after cs delivery?
A. Hemorrhage
B. Endomyometritis
C. Wound site infection
D. Deep vein thrombosis
E. None
62,What will you do if a patient cames to you with BP of 150/90 for the first time?
A. Start with anti hypertensive drug
B. Advice him on salt free diet, exercise and appoint him to see the changes
C. Measurment of blood pressure once is enough to categorize a patient as
hypertensive
D. A and c
E. None
63, Gastric or duodenal ulcer can be caused by
A. Acids
B. NSAIDs
C. H.pylori
D. All
E. A and C
64, Drug not included in the management of bronchial asthma?
A. Bronchodilators
B. Anti-inflammatory drugs(steroids)
C. Oxygen in severe cases
D. Anti-biotics if asthma is aggraviated by bacterial infections
E. None
65, Which of the following is not true about HIV?
A. It is a DNA virus
B. HIV 1 is the predominant one
C. HIV 2 progress to AIDS slowly
D. A and C
E. None
66, Which of the following is not WHO HIV stage IV disease?
A. Pulmonary TB
B. Primary CNS Lymphoma
C. Brain toxoplasmosis
D. HIV encephalopathy
E. Extrapulmonary cryptococcosis
67, which one is correct about chest injury?
A. Rib fracture commonly involve the first and second ribs
B. Open/sucking chest wound can be managed as any other wounds with
dressing .
C. Hemothorax and pneumothrax needs intrathoracic needle aspiration
D. Knife on the chest wall after stabbing needs urgent removal of knife and
dressing at emergency OPD
E. None
68, Which one is not the character of breast cancer?
A. Hard lump
B. Nipple retraction
C. Skin edema and dimpling
D. Mobile lump
E. None
69, Which one is not true about simple goiter?
A. More common in male
B. Dysphagia is the most commonest symptom
C. Hoarsenes of voice is the most frequent presentation
D. All
E. None
70, Whice one is the four cardinal symptom of intestinal obstraction
A. Abdominal pain, vomiting, abdominal distention, constipation
B. Abdominal pain, vomiting, melena, diarrhea
C. Vomiting, nausea, fever, sweating
D. Hematemesis, melena, tenismus, rectal discharge
71, septic arthritis most commonly affects?
A. Hip and knee joint
B. Elbow and ankle
C. Shoulder and hip
D. Elbow and knee
E. All
72, One of the following is not the compenent of health care financing reform in
Ethiopia currently?
A. Revenue retention and utilization
B. Initiation of health insurances
C. Outsoureing of clinical services in public hospitals
D. Systematizing fee water system
73, ……….is atype of health insurance strategy in Ethiopia, to cover employees in
the formal sector which is mainly payroll-based.
A. Social health insurance
B. Community based health insurance
C. Private insurance
D. All
74, In reformed health management information system………indicates where
the individual medical record folder is going out(department/responsible
healthcare provider)
A. Tracer card
B. Master patient index
C. Service identification card
D. Appointment card
75, One of the following is not the principles of primary health care:
A. Inter-sectorial collaboration
B. Community participation
C. Use of appropriate technology
D. None
76, ……… refers to activity planning and covers a short period of time, usually one
year:
A. Strategic planning
B. Operational planning
C. A and B
D. None of the above
77, Which one of the following opportunistic diseases is not counted as stage IV
HIV disease in children?
A. Esophagel candidiasis
B. Disseminated TB
C. Severe pneumonia
D. Cryptococcal meningitis
E. All
78, Which one of the followings cannot cause anemia in children?
A. Folate deficiency
B. Iron deficiency
C. Cobalamin deficiency
D. None
79, Which one of the following is not feature of severe and complicated malaria in
children?
A. Seizure
B. Jaundice
C. Prostration
D. Vomiting
E. None
80, Which one of the following is not an absolute indication to start iv fluid in
children?
A. Shock
B. Some DHN
C. Severe DHN
D. Post operative condition
81, Which one of the following is false about child hood asthma?
A. Asthma is a chronic inflammatory condition of the lung air ways results in
episodic air flow obstraction
B. The chronic inflammation heightens the air way hyper-responsiveness to
the provocative exposure
C. Globally the prevalence of asthma continues to escalate.
D. For the majority of children, childhood asthma will either resolve or at least
improve with age
E. None
82, A 30 year old G-3 p-2 lady who is ammenoric for the last 2 months came to
GYN ward with C/c of vaginal bleeding of 04 days. Her V/S is stable, no active
vaginal bleeding on arrival and cervix is closed. This can be diagnosed as one of
the following except
A. Complete abortion
B. Ectopic pregnancy
C. Gestational trophoplastic disease
D. Threatened abortion
E. Inevitable abortion
83, Type of uterine incision during cesarean section includes all of the following
except
A. Lower uterine segment transverse incision
B. Lower uterine segment vertical incision
C. Classical incision
D. Inverted T-shap incision
E. Pfannenstiel incision
84, Not true about uterine myoma?
A. It is among most common benign pelvic tumor in females of reproductive
age groups
B. Excessive mensus is one of its clinical presentations
C. Can be a reason for spontaneous abortion, preterm labor or PPH
D. Medical management is possible
E. Its definitive management is Myomectomy
85, All of the following can be medication for termination
of pregnancy except
A. Fetal congenital anomaly incompatible with life
B. Pregnancy after rape
C. Pregnancy from family members7
D. Age under 18
E. None
86, All are true except
A. MVA is always preferred than E and C if possible
B. E and C may be preferred than MVA in dilated Cervix
C. E and C is associated with more complications than MVA
D. Cannula no. 11 is needed for GA of 10-11 wks
E. None
87, Most common from of stroke among adults is
A. Hemorrhagic
B. Ischemic
C. Cardioembolic
D. Subarachnoid
E. All
88, Which of the following is not risk factor for stroke?
A. Diabetes mellitus
B. Hypertension
C. Obesity
D. Exercise
E. None
89, Mention a characteristic feature of type 1 diabetes mellitus?
A. Absolute insulin deficiency
B. Relative insulin deficiency
C. Insulin resistance
D. Abnormal insulin production
E. All
90, Which one is a characteristic feature of strocke?
A. Sudden onset of neurologic deficit lasting¿ 24 hours
B. Slowly progressive neurological deficit with hemiparesis
C. Sudden onset of neurological deficit lasting¿ 24 hours
D. Episodic headache with resolving weakness
E. None
91, What are the parameters for good glycemic control in diabetic patients?
A. Fasting blood sugar range 90-110mg/dl
B. Random blood sugar¿ 180 mg/dl
C. Hemoglobin A1C¿ 7 %
D. All
E. None
92, Esophageal disoreders usually manifest with
A. Polyphagia
B. Vomiting
C. Dysphagia
D. Dyspepsia
E. None
93, Laceration over the lip repaired preferably by which of the following suturing
material
A. Silk
B. Nylon
C. Vicryl
D. All
E. None
94, An 70 years old man came with weakness of the right half of the body. He
gave history of minor injury to the left side of the head three months back and
had head acne which one of the most probable diagnosis
A. Chronic subdural hematoma
B. Epidural hematoma
C. Brain contusion
D. Intracerebral hematoma
E. All
95, In the above question (number 95) which investigation is best to reach to the
diagnosis?
A. CT –scan of the skull and brain
B. Skull X-ray
C. U/S of the skull
D. All
E. None
96, Which one is the most commonest cause of painless per rectal bleeding
A. Hemorrhoid
B. Anal fissure
C. Fistula in ano
D. Sigmoid colon cancer
E. non
ANSWER
1. B
2. A
3. B
4. D
5. D
6. D?
7. C
8. D
9. D
10.E
11.C
12.E
13.E
14.E
15.D
16.D
17.E
18.E
19.D?
20.D
21.B
22.C
23.?
24.C
25.A
26.A
27.?
28.A
29.C?
30.E
31.A?
32.D
33.E
34.D
35.E
36.D?
37.D
38.D
39.?
40.E
41.C
42.C
43.C
44.C
45.B
46.B
47.A?
48.D
49.?
50.E
51.E
52.D
53.D?
54.E?
55.?
56.C?
57.D
58.B
59.D
60.C
61.E
62.B
63.D
64.E
65.A
66.A
67.C?
68.D
69.A
70.A
71.A
72.D
73.D
74.B
75.D?
76.B
77.C?
78.D
79.E
80.B
81.E
82.C
83.D
84.D
85.E
86.C
87.B
88.D
89.A
90.E
91.D
92.C
93.C
94.D
95.A
96.D
