PUBLIC

TRANSPORT

OPTIMIZATION
The optimization process involves iterative adjustments and the creation of subsequent hypotheses until
an optimal scheme and operating parameters for the public transport network are achieved.

Engaging a wider range of stakeholders in the optimization process improves the final result.

To optimize routes and networks effectively, data on available transport, transport demand, and
preferably a transport model of the city or region are required, along with passenger flow data for
calibration and desired optimization criteria.

Feel free to reach out to us with any questions. Route and network optimization for public transport is
one of our favorite projects as it directly improves people’s quality of life, increases their income, and
saves their most valuable resource—time.

Public transport is crucial for providing accessible mobility in cities and communities. It goes beyond
trams, buses, and trolleybuses, often including minibuses. Public transport enables people to reach
work, housing, education, and leisure activities efficiently and economically, particularly in densely
populated areas.

As a socially important service, public transport is typically provided or regulated by the government.
However, capital investments in its development are rarely fully recovered, and operating costs are often
not covered by fares.

The value of public transport lies in time and resource savings for people’s mobility, which contributes to
increased GDP. Access to high-speed public transport can also enhance the value of real estate through
transit-oriented development (TOD).

Ensuring transport accessibility is a pressing issue for cities, regional governments, and large enterprises.
Optimizing public transport routes and achieving wide coverage with cost efficiency is crucial. Our
experts have extensive experience in optimizing routes, from individual ones to comprehensive city-wide
projects, including suburbs. Optimization criteria can range from cost reduction per passenger to
improving service quality.
A smart transit system is one of the major thrust areas Under the government’s initiative for smart city.
India’s Urban population constitutes about 40% and require a Comprehensive overall developments in
the entire Infrastructure. Public transport still remains a boon to People as they still prefer local buses for
their day to day Transport. But waiting for long hours at the bus stations Uncertain of the bus status,
creates strain in most people’s Life [1]. Moreover buses remain crowded or with few Passengers making
it very unsuitable and inefficient Management of resources. Henceforth the need of the hour Is to
provide real time information of the bus Arrival/departure. An ideal solution is proposed by
Implementing an IoT based real time transit monitoring System. The prototype has a mobile app, which
helps to Acquire the real time location of the bus on google map. The proposed system also provides the
availability of the Number of seats in the bus. This effectively helps the Commuters (aged/disabled) to
properly schedule their Transport which is an added advantage.

GPS

GPS module locates the latitude and longitudinal values And these values, through google APIs are
updated to the Google maps and the exact location is updated to the user On a mobile application (app).
Maps are user friendly Graphical user interface and an easy visualization tool.

Figure shows the Location updation on the google maps With latitude and longitudinal values displayed.
Real-time information, broadly defined, means any information available to transit providers or
customers about the current status of vehicles, including approximate locations and predictive arrival
times. Most real-time information relies on automatic vehicle location (AVL) and Global Positioning
Systems (GPS) in order to estimate approximate arrival times for passengers and transit system
operators. Passengers access real-time arrival and departure information through dynamic signs at stops
and stations, or through the Internet at home or on smartphones. As smartphones become more
prevalent, they have made access to third-party scheduling information and apps highly accessible for
passengers.

Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) are gaining recognition in developing countries like India. This
paper describes the various components of our prototype implementation of a Real-time Passenger
Information System (RTPIS) for a public transport system like a fleet of buses. Vehicle-mounted units, bus
station units and a server located at the transport company premises comprise the system

Short-range wireless

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Bluetooth mesh networking – Specification providing a mesh networking variant to Bluetooth low energy
(BLE) with an increased number of nodes and standardized application layer (Models).

Light-Fidelity (Li-Fi) – Wireless communication technology similar to the Wi-Fi standard, but using visible
light communication for increased bandwidth.

Near-field communication (NFC) – Communication protocols enabling two electronic devices to

Radio-frequency identification (RFID) – Technology using electromagnetic fields to read data stored in
tags embedded in other items.
Wi-Fi – Technology for local area networking based on the IEEE 802.11 standard, where devices may
communicate through a shared access point or directly between individual devices.

Zigbee – Communication protocols for personal area networking based on the IEEE 802.15.4 standard,
providing low power consumption, low data rate, low cost, and high throughput.

Z-Wave – Wireless communications protocol used primarily for home automation and security
applications

Medium-range wireless

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LTE-Advanced – High-speed communication specification for mobile networks. Provides enhancements

5G – 5G wireless networks can be used to achieve the high communication requirements of the IoT and
connect a large number of IoT devices, even when they are on the move.[179] There are three features
of 5G that are each considered to be useful for supporting particular elements of IoT: enhanced mobile
broadband (eMBB), massive machine type communications (mMTC) and ultra-reliable low latency
communications (URLLC).[180]

Long-range wireless

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Low-power wide-area networking (LPWAN) – Wireless networks designed to allow long-range

Very small aperture terminal (VSAT) – Satellite communication technology using small dish antennas for
narrowband and broadband data.

Wired

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Ethernet – General purpose networking standard using twisted pair and fiber optic links in conjunction
with hubs or switches.

Power-line communication (PLC) – Communication technology using electrical wiring to carry power and
data. Specifications such as HomePlug or G.hn utilize PLC for networking IoT devices