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Problem Sheet 8

The document contains problems involving solving second order homogeneous linear ordinary differential equations. It provides the problems, solutions, and explanations. Methods covered include reduction of order and finding linearly independent solutions.

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dhruvgirishnayak
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22 views2 pages

Problem Sheet 8

The document contains problems involving solving second order homogeneous linear ordinary differential equations. It provides the problems, solutions, and explanations. Methods covered include reduction of order and finding linearly independent solutions.

Uploaded by

dhruvgirishnayak
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Department of Mathematical and Computational Sciences

National Institute of Technology Karnataka, Surathkal


Engineering Mathematics II - MA111
Problem Sheet 8
Second Order Homogeneous Linear ODE
(Even Semester 2023-24)

1. Use the reduction of order to find a second solution for x2 y ′′ − xy ′ + y = 0 given that
y1 (x) = x is a solution. Also, solve the initial value problem with initial conditions
y(1) = 2 and y ′ (1) = 1. ANS: y(x) = 2x − x log x
2. Solve by reducing the order xy ′′ − (2x − 1)y ′ + (x − 1)y = 0 given that y1 (x) = ex is a
solution. ANS: y(x) = C1 ex log x + C2 ex
3. Solve by reducing the order x2 y ′′ + xy ′ − y = 0 given that y1 (x) = x + 1
x is a solution.
ANS: y(x) = C2 (x + x1 ) + C1 ( x1 )
4. Solve by reducing the order x2 y ′′ − 5xy ′ + 9y = 0 given that y1 (x) = x3 is a solution.
ANS: y(x) = C1 x3 + C2 x3 log x
5. Find the curve through the origin in the xy-plane which satisfies y ′′ = 2y ′ and whose
tangent at the origin has slope 1. ANS: y(x) = C1 e2x + C2
6. Verify that the given functions are linearly independent and form a basis of solutions of
the given ODE. Solve the Initial value problem.
(a) y ′′ + 2y ′ + 2y = 0, y(0) = 0, y ′ (0) = 15, y1 (x) = e−x cos x, y2 (x) = e−x sin x.
(b) x2 y ′′ − xy ′ + y = 0, y(1) = 4.3, y ′ (1) = 0.5, y1 (x) = x, y2 (x) = x log x.
(c) (x sin x + cos x)y ′′ − x cos x − y ′ + y cos x, y1 (x) = x, y2 (x) = cos x.
7. Let f1 (x) = x and f2 (x) = |x| on [−1, 1]. Prove or disprove f1 (x) and f2 (x) are linearly
independent.
8. Let f1 (x) = 1 − cos2 t and f2 (x) = 2 sin2 t on R. Prove or disprove f1 (x) and f2 (x) are
linearly independent.
9. Solve the following differential equations
(a) y ′′ + 2y ′ + 5y = 0 (ANS: y(x) = e−x (cos 4x + C2 sin 4x))
(b) y ′′ + 4y = 0, y(0) = 2 and y ′ (0) = 0. (ANS: y(x) = 2 cos 2x)
(c) y ′′ + 2py ′ + (p2 + q 2 )y = 0. (ANS: y(x) = e−px (C1 cos qx + C2 sin qx)
(d) ly ′′ + ky = 0, y(0) = 
y0 andy ′ (0) = 0, where k, l ∈ R and l ̸= 0.
q
(ANS: y(x) = y0 cos x kl )

1
(e) y ′′ − 6y ′ + 8y = 0, y(0) = −2, y ′ (0) = 6 (ANS: y(x) = −7e2x + 5e4x )
(f) y ′′ − 6y ′ + 13y = 0, y(0) = 0, y ′ (0) = 10. (ANS: y(x) = 5e3x sin(2x))
(g) y ′′ − 4y + 5y = 0. (ANS: y(x) = e2x (C1 cos x + C2 sin x))
(h) y ′′ + 25y = 0. (ANS: y(x) = C1 cos 5x + C2 sin 5x)
10. Solve the following differential equations
(a) x2 y ′′ + xy ′ − 4y = 0. (ANS: y(x) = C1 x2 + C2 x−2 )
(b) x2 y ′′ − 3xy ′ + 4y = 0. (ANS: y(x) = (C1 + C2 log x)x2 )
1
√ √
(c) x2 y ′′ + y = 0.(ANS: y(x) = x 2 (C1 cos( 2
3
log x) + C2 sin( 2
3
log x)))
(d) x2 y ′′ + 7xy ′ + 13y = 0. (ANS: y(x) = x−3 (C1 cos(2 log x) + C2 sin(2 log x)))
(e) x2 y ′′ − 6xy ′ − 18y = 0. (ANS: y(x) = C1 x−2 + C2 x9 )
√
(f) x2 y ′′ − xy ′ − 8y = 0. (ANS: y(x) = (C1 + C2 log x) x)
C2
(g) 4x2 y ′′ + y = 0. (ANS: y(x) = C1 x4 + x2
)

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