AURETR123 Diagnose and repair spark ignition engine management systems

Assessment 1 – Questioning – Written Assessment

Student Name MOHAMMED AHMED Student ID Number

Unit Start Date 22/02/2024 Unit End Date 24/02/2024

Assessment Due Date 29/02/2024 Date Submitted 27/02/2024

This cover sheet is to be completed by the student and assessor and used as a record to determine student
competency in this assessment task

The assessment process and tasks were fully explained. Yes / No

I am aware of which evidence will be collected and how. Yes / No

I am aware of my right to appeal an assessment decision. Yes / No

I am aware that I can locate The RTO Complaints and Appeals Policy and Procedure on their Yes / No
website at (Insert Website Link)

I have discussed any additional educational support or reasonable adjustments I require in order to
undertake this assessment with the Student Support Services Officer and Trainer / Assessor, (if Yes / No
applicable). e.g. Student Handbook and Access and Equity Policy (Insert Website Link)

I have access to all required resources? Yes / No

Cheating & Plagiarism Declaration

Student Declaration: In accordance with The RTO Plagiarism Policy, I hereby acknowledge by signing this
declaration that I have not cheated or plagiarised any work regarding the assessment tasks undertaken in this unit
of competency except where the work has been correctly acknowledged.
NOTE: Student must sign this prior to submitting their assessments to the assessor

_27_____ / __02____ /
Signature ikram Date:
20_24_____

Satisfactory or Not Yet Satisfactory

Assessment Results
(Please circle the assessment result for this task)

Feedback to Student - Please provide general feedback on the Student’s performance

Student Declaration: - I verify that the work completed Assessor Declaration: - I verify that I have adequately
is my own and that I was adequately informed of the explained and negotiated the assessment tasks with the
assessment process prior to commencing this student prior to commencing assessment.
assessment task.

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 AURETR123 Diagnose and repair spark ignition engine management systems

Student Name: MOHAMMED IKRAM AHMED Assessor’s Name:

Student Signature ikram Date Assessor Signature Date

27/02/2024

Student Guide for Written Knowledge Assessment

Overview of This is a written assessment task you will be assess on your knowledge of diagnosing and
Assessment repairing spark ignition engine management systems.
The topics that will be covered in the assessment are:
1. Prepare to diagnose and repair spark ignition engine management systems
2. Diagnose engine management systems
3. Repair engine management systems
4. Complete work processes
This assessment will ensure that the elements, performance criteria, performance evidence
and knowledge evidence required, and conditions are adhered to demonstrate competency
in this unit assessment task.
 Read the assessment carefully before commencing.
 Your Assessor will use the assessment criteria in this document and will provide
feedback / comment.
 You MUST answer all the questions in the assessment tasks in your own words and
own handwriting.
 This is an “Open Book” assessment, and students can use the resources listed in
the “Resources Required” section below.

Task/s to be To complete this written assessment, you will need to answer the 127 questions comprising
assessed of Multiple Choice, True and False, Fill-in the Gap and Short Answer questions.

Time allowed On average, the Assessment should take 4 – 6 hours to complete.

Location This theory assessment will be completed in a classroom under the supervision of a
trainer/assessor.

Decision making To receive a ‘satisfactory’ outcome for this assessment students MUST successfully answer
rules all questions. If a student achieves less than 100%, they can reattempt the assessment
after further study has taken place. Students who cannot achieve a minimum of 100% you
will not have satisfactorily completed this assessment
Your assessor will be looking for the following in this assessment task: -
 Work health and safety (WHS) and occupational health and safety (OHS)
requirements relating to diagnosing and repairing spark ignition engine
management systems, including procedures for:
o Using specialised tools and equipment
o Using appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE)
o Identifying hazards and controlling risks associated with:
 Working on vehicle high voltage ignition systems
 Wearing jewellery while working around high current wiring
systems
 Working with high pressure petrol fuel systems
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 AURETR123 Diagnose and repair spark ignition engine management systems

 Operating principles of spark ignition engine management systems and associated

components, including:
o Combustion, including:
 Air-fuel ratios and chemistry of combustion
 Composition of petrol fuel, including octane rating
 Indirect and direct fuel injection
 Application, purpose and operation of spark ignition engine management systems
and components, including:
o Fuel system, including:
 Fuel filters
 Fuel pumps
 Fuel pressure regulators
 Fuel injectors
o Electronic control system, including the following system inputs:
 Throttle position sensors
 Coolant temperature sensors
 Oxygen sensors
 Load sensors and air flow meters
 Intake air temperature sensors
 Crankshaft position sensors
 Camshaft position sensors
 Battery voltage
 Accessory load sensors
 Knock sensors
o Key features of electronic control units (ecus), including:
 Read-only memory (ROM)
 Programmable read-only memory (PROM)
 Electronically erasable programmable read-only memory
(EEPROM)
 Random access memory (RAM)
 Multiplexing
 Adaptive learning
 Short-term fuel trim (STFT)
 Long-term fuel trim (LTFT)
 Sensor reference voltages and sensor grounds
o System outputs, including:
 Injectors
 Idle speed control devices
 Fuel pump relays
 Engine cooling fans
 Air conditioning compressor controls
 Broadband intake manifolds
 Exhaust gas recirculation solenoid controls
 Carbon canister purge controls
 Throttle motor (drive by wire) controls
 Variable valve timing controls
 Assembly line diagnostic link (ALDL)

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 AURETR123 Diagnose and repair spark ignition engine management systems

o Ignition systems and components, including:

 Spark plugs
 Ignition leads
 Ignition coils, including electromagnetic induction
 Ignition timing, including varying ignition timing according to engine
load, speed and knock sensor input
 Dwell period
o ECU control of ignition coil switching and methods of generating timing
signals, including:
 Profile ignition pick-up (PIP) and crankshaft position sensor signals,
including inductive pick-up, Hall effect and light emitting diode
(LED)
 Waste spark ignition systems
 Coil-on-plug ignition systems
 Integrated ignition systems
 Diagnostic testing procedures for spark ignition engine management systems,
including:
o Diagnostic flow charts
o Fuel system testing, including:
 Low pressure fuel system testing
 High pressure fuel system testing
o Testing electrical systems, including procedures for:
 Accessing electrical terminals and using test probes without
damaging connectors, fuse holders or wiring
 Injector testing
 Sensor testing
 Actuator testing
o Accessing and interpreting industry-relevant test equipment data,
including:
 Fault codes
 Live data
 Freeze frame data
 Waveforms
 Repair or replacement procedures for spark ignition engine management systems,
including procedures for:
o Removing and replacing the following electrical or electronic components:
 Sensors
 Actuators, including fuel injectors and fuel pumps
o Adjusting and recalibrating components and associated systems
 Post-repair testing procedures, including procedures for:
o Clearing fault codes
o Assessing engine performance
o Checking for electrical connector mating.

Assessment Assessors MUST satisfy NVR/AQTF assessor requirements.

conditions
Competency is to be assessed in the workplace or a simulated environment that accurately
reflects performance in a real workplace setting.
Assessment MUST include direct observation of tasks.

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 AURETR123 Diagnose and repair spark ignition engine management systems

Where assessment of competency includes third-party evidence, individuals MUST provide

evidence that links them to the spark ignition engine management systems that they have
worked on, e.g. repair orders.
Assessors MUST verify performance evidence through questioning on skills and knowledge
to ensure correct interpretation and application.
The following resources MUST be made available:
 Automotive repair workplace or simulated workplace
 Workplace instructions
 Manufacturer specifications for spark ignition engine management systems
 Three different vehicles or machinery with spark ignition engine management
system faults
 Diagnostic equipment for spark ignition engine management systems, including:
o Multimeter
o Scan tool
 Tools, equipment and materials appropriate for repairing spark ignition engine
management systems.

Resources required Learning Resources available to students include:

 Automotive Technology (A System Approach) 6th Edition – Chapters 6, 22, 24, & 25
 Websites –
 https://www.reference.com/vehicles/power-steering-pressure-switch-
7878ebe965e1873a
 http://www.aa1car.com/library/electric_cooling_fan.htm
 http://www.autoaide.ca/members/diagnostic-guide/air-conditioning/
 Trainer Handouts

Results/Re-  The Assessor will grade the assessment and record the result on the front page of
assessment this document (S) – Satisfactory if all observable behaviours are correct and (NS)
not satisfactory if any areas are left incorrect
 Feedback will be provided on either result
 Where a student receives a ‘NS – Not Satisfactory’ result, the assessor will discuss
the area of the non-compliant observable behaviour and an opportunity given for re-
assessment. This may be through direct observation or a different method of
assessment e.g. verbal/oral questioning, problem solving exercise.
 If the outcome is again not satisfactory the student result will be deemed (NYC) not
yet competent. Additional feedback will be given, and a time agreed upon for further
assessment after additional training and skills practice has taken place, this
information will be recorded, dated and signed in the re-assessment area on the
last page of this document
 Where all the assessment tasks have been graded (S) Satisfactory, the student will
be deemed C – Competent for the practical component and the result recorded and
signed in the area indicated on the last page of this document

Reasonable If the participant is unable to undertake the written assessment as designed, an interview
Adjustment (verbal questioning) may be used as an alternate approach.

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 AURETR123 Diagnose and repair spark ignition engine management systems

Assessment 1 – Questioning

Written Assessment

1. Name ten (10) precautions that should be taken to protect electronic components?

1. Keep electrical equipment away from water

2. Unplug equipment safely
3. Install properly and tidy electrical cords
4. Familiarize yourself with your switchboard
5. Look out for electrical lines
6. Childproof your outlets
7. Investigate flickering lights
8. Install warning signs
9. Don’t DIY
10. Call for help

2. Why should test lamps not be used with an EFI system?

We should not use test lamps with an Electronic fuel injection (EFI) system because test lamps have low
inductance. Because of this whenever current overload happen it cannot protect the semiconductors.

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3. What type of voltmeter or multimeter should normally be used for checking an EFI system?
We should not use test lamps with an Electronic fuel injection (EFI) system because test lamps have low
inductance. Because of this whenever current overload happen it cannot protect the semiconductors

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 AURETR123 Diagnose and repair spark ignition engine management systems

4. Identify some important items of personal safety when working on a vehicle that is equipped with an engine
management system?
The engine management system is the arrangement of the devices for controlling a vehicle's engine. If the car is
stolen, the unit will block the vehicle's engine management system and prevent the engine being restarted. The
engine management system shuts down four of the eight cylinders when the power isn't needed.

Multiple Choice question. Selected the correct answer.

5. Which of the following statements about safety glasses is true?

A. They should offer side protection.

B. The lenses should be made of a shatterproof material.
C. Some service operations require additional eye protection to be worn with safety glasses.
D. All answers are correct.

6. Rings, necklaces, bracelets and watches should not be worn while working around high current wiring
systems. Why?
Because they are made of metal, there is a risk of electric shock when they come into contact.

7. Name six (6) precautions that should be observed when working on electronic-type ignition systems?

1. Ensure the ignition system is disconnected before performing any maintenance.

2. Use proper tools and equipment to avoid damaging sensitive electronic components.
3. Follow manufacturer's guidelines and specifications for testing and troubleshooting.
4. Be cautious of static electricity, grounding yourself to prevent ESD (electrostatic discharge).
5. Keep the work area clean to avoid contamination that could affect electronic components.
6. Use appropriate safety gear, such as gloves and safety glasses, when handling ignition system
components.

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8. What two (2) precautions should be taken before disconnecting or removing a component of an EFI
system?

1 disconnect the power by either turning the ignition switch OFF or disconnecting the
battery terminals.

2 . When installing the battery, be especially careful not to incorrectly connect the positive (+) and
negative (-) cables.

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 AURETR123 Diagnose and repair spark ignition engine management systems

9. Why is Engine Management Systems used?

The modern car involves many control systems. For example, there is the engine management system aimed at
controlling the amount of fuel injected into each cylinder and the time at which to fire the spark for ignition.

10. What is meant by combustion?

Combustion refers to the process where a substance burns in the presence of Oxygen, giving off heat and light in
the process.

11. What are the two main chemicals in petrol?

Combustion is a chemical process in which a substance reacts rapidly with oxygen and gives off heat. The original
substance is called the fuel, and the source of oxygen is called the oxidizer. The fuel can be a solid, liquid, or gas,
although for airplane propulsion the fuel is usually a liquid.

12. Why does the engine need a mixture of air and fuel?
Maximum no. of fuel molecules must be in contact with oxygen to liberate more heat. Those molecules which don't
have enough oxygen around will be unburnt and thus wasted. Thus, an air fuel mixture has to be created so that
most of the fuel molecules have appropriate access to oxygen.

13. What is air/fuel ratio and why is it important?

This value is generally 15:1. If the ratio is higher than this then the mixture is called lean mixture and if the value is
less then it is called rich mixture. The fuel-air ratio is the amount of fuel you have in relation to a certain amount of
air. It is important so that you get good combustion

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14. What is a rich mixture? What is a lean mixture?

A lower AFR number contains less air than the 14.7:1 stoichiometric AFR, therefore it is a richer mixture.
Conversely, a higher AFR number contains more air and therefore it is a leaner mixture. For Example: 15.0:1 =
Lean.

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15. What does the term stratified charge mean?

The term "stratified charge" refers to the working fluids and fuel vapors entering the cylinder. Usually the fuel is
injected into the cylinder or enters as a fuel rich vapor where a spark or other means are used to initiate ignition
where the fuel rich zone interacts with the air to promote complete combustion.

16. What is meant by “Octane Rating”?

Octane ratings are measures of fuel stability. These ratings are based on the pressure at which a fuel will
spontaneously combust (auto-ignite) in a testing engine.

17. Name the four (4) typical Fuel Injection systems?

1 single-point fuel injection

2 multi-point fuel injection

3 sequential fuel injection.

4 direct injection.

18. Explain the major differences between throttle body injectors and port fuel injectors?
The difference stated in the simplest way is where the fuel is injected. A throttle body injects fuel into the intake in a
fashion similar to a carburetor. Port injection injects fuel into the intake port close to the intake valve. Direct injection
injects fuel directly in the combustion chamber.

19. Explain the basic operation of a CMFI system?

CMFI system utilises the wet manifold design where a throttle body is fitted which has injectors, fuel, pressure
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regulator, TPS and air temp and idle speed control in it its sprays fuel on top of throttles as a carburettor does

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Multiple Choice question. Selected the correct answer.

20. In a GDI system (gasoline direct injection) the injector sprays fuel into the ______.

A. Intake manifold (plenum).

B. Intake runner in manifold.
C. Intake port in cylinder head.
D. Cylinders (combustion chamber).

21. Where in the fuel system is a fuel filter usually found?

The fuel filter will be located either inside the fuel tank or fitted into the fuel line between the tank and the fuel pump.
Some fuel tanks have internal, non-serviceable fuel filters.

22. What is the purpose of the fuel filter?

The automotive fuel filter is designed to remove impurities, such as dirt, debris, and particles, from the fuel before it
reaches the engine. By ensuring clean fuel supply, the fuel filter prevents clogs, injector issues, and engine damage

23. The arrow printed on a fuel filter must face in what direction?
The arrow is indicative of direction of fuel flow, so the arrow should be pointing to the front, as fuel flows from tank
to engine.

24. Explain what a fuel pump does?

The fuel pump in your vehicle does exactly what you would think— it pumps fuel from the gas tank to the engine to
power your car. (There are some other steps in between, but we'll get to those.) Given the crucial role of the fuel
pump in making your car move, it's a car part you ought to know more about

25. Where can fuel pump be located in a vehicle?

fuel pump located in the fuel tank. If your car has GDI, there will also be a high-pressure fuel pump located near the

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fuel rail in the engine compartment.

26. What are “High Pressure” fuel pumps?

The lower pressure pump delivers fuel into the fuel canister. The high pressure pump delivers fuel from the canister
to the fuel rail. These pumps have been problematic because the fuel pump manufacture painted the inside of the
assembly with black paint

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27. High pressure fuel pumps on GDI systems can operate at what pressures?
fuel injection requires high fuel pressures to overcome combustion pressures created in the engine's cylinders, a
typical high-pressure fuel pump can produce in the neighborhood of 2,000 psi maximum fuel pressure, depending
upon operating conditions

28. What are two (2) type of fuel pumps used with engine management vehicles?

1 Electric In-Tank Fuel Pumps and Electric

2 External Fuel Pumps

29. Why are some fuel pumps located inside the fuel tank?
the fuel pump is typically located in the fuel tank are: By submerging the pump in fuel at the bottom of the tank, the
pump is cooled by the surrounding fuel. Liquid fuel by itself (i.e. without oxygen present) isn't flammable, therefore
surrounding the fuel pump by fuel reduces the risk of fire.

30. What is the purpose of the pressure regulator in a fuel system?

A fuel pressure regulator works to maintain proper and consistent pressure for the injectors during a variety of
driving conditions. Pressure that is too high can cause misfiring and increase vehicle emissions. Low pressure can
cause poor vehicle performance and slow — or no — starts.

31. On returnless fuel systems, where is the pressure regulator located?

Engines with “returnless” electronic fuel injection (EFI) systems have the regulator inside the fuel tank. The
regulator is part of the fuel pump assembly and is usually located downstream of the in-tank fuel filter.

32. What are fuel injectors?

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A fuel injector is a device used to inject a specified amount of fuel into the intake of an engine as air enters a
cylinder, creating the air/fuel mixture. Fuel injectors vary widely by a car's make and model

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33. Name the eight [8] parts of a fuel injector below.

1 FUEL INLET

2 ELECTRICAL TERMINALS

3 RETURN SPRING

4 COIL WINDINGS

5 INJECTOR BODY

6 ARMATURE

7 FUELSPRAY MIST

8 NEEDLE VALVE

34. How is the fuel injector operated?

A fuel injection system controls the flow of fuel into the combustion chamber. The system relies on the fuel pump,
which would pump the fuel from the fuel tank into the combustion chamber. The amount of fuel to be pumped is
decided by the ECU.

Multiple Choice question. Selected the correct answer.

35. The injector pulse width is ______.

A. The size of the injector nozzle.

B. The amount of time the injector opens and sprays fuel.
C. The voltage applied to the injector solenoid coil.
D. The distance between the injector tip and the centre of the intake port.

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Multiple Choice question. Selected the correct answer.

36. The throttle body of a port fuel injected engine may include any of the following components
EXCEPT:

A. Idle air control motor.

B. Single or double bores with throttle plates.
C. Throttle position sensor.
D. Oxygen sensor.

Multiple Choice question. Selected the correct answer.

37. Fuel injectors may be controlled ______.

A. In pairs or groups.
B. All at once.
C. Sequentially.
D. All answers are correct.

Multiple Choice question. Selected the correct answer.

38. An O-ring at the base of a fuel injector ______.

A. Seals the injector to its mounting position.

B. Provides thermal insulation to prevent the formation of vapour bubbles.
C. Dampens potentially damaging vibrations.
D. All answers are correct.

Multiple Choice question. Selected the correct answer.

39. Fuel injectors are ______.

A. Top fuel-feeding devices.

B. Bottom fuel-feeding devices.
C. Both “top fuel-feeding devices” and “bottom fuel-feeding devices”.
D. Neither “top fuel-feeding devices” nor “bottom fuel-feeding devices”.

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40. Identify seven (7) advantages of gasoline direct injection (GDI) systems.

1. Improved Fuel Efficiency: Gasoline Direct Injection (GDI) systems allow for precise control over the
fuel-air mixture, enhancing combustion efficiency and contributing to better fuel economy.

2. Increased Power Output: GDI systems enable higher power output by delivering fuel directly into the
combustion chamber, optimizing the combustion process for enhanced engine performance.

3. Enhanced Throttle Response: Direct injection systems provide quicker throttle response due to the
precise fuel delivery, resulting in improved acceleration and drivability.

4. Lower Emissions: GDI systems contribute to reduced emissions by promoting more complete
combustion, resulting in lower levels of pollutants, such as hydrocarbons and carbon monoxide.

5. Better Cold Start Performance: Direct injection improves cold start performance by delivering fuel
directly into the combustion chamber, aiding in quicker warm-up and reduced emissions during startup.

6. Combustion Chamber Cooling: GDI systems can cool the combustion chamber by injecting fuel
directly, reducing the risk of knocking and allowing for more aggressive engine tuning.

7. Fuel Stratification: GDI facilitates fuel stratification, allowing for different fuel-air mixtures in different
parts of the combustion chamber, optimizing combustion under various operating conditions for
improved efficiency.

Multiple Choice question. Selected the correct answer.

41. In a GDI [gasoline direct injection] system, the tip of the injector is located ______.

A. Inside the combustion chamber.

B. On the throttle body.
C. In the intake port.
D. In the intake manifold plenum.

42. Explain what the throttle position (TP) sensor does?

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A throttle position sensor (TPS) is a sensor used to monitor the air intake of an engine. The sensor is usually
located on the butterfly spindle/shaft, so that it can directly monitor the position of the throttle

Multiple Choice question. Selected the correct answer.

43. A throttle position sensor has ______.

A. A 5-volt reference input terminal.

B. A 0- to-5-volt signal output terminal.
C. A ground terminal.
D. All answers are correct.

44. Describe the purpose of an ECT signal on an EFI system.

The purpose of ECT signal is that it sends a signal to power train control module or computer whenever there is a
drop in temperature of the engine. The signal by ECT sensors is given in terms of pulse width.

Multiple Choice question. Selected the correct answer.

45. The engine coolant temperature sensor helps to control all the following EXCEPT:

A. Fuel pressure.
B. Open loop/closed loop operation.
C. EGR opening.
D. Ignition timing.

46. What is an oxygen sensor?

Oxygen sensors are used to monitor the oxygen content of the engine exhaust. That information is used by the
engine control module to fine tune the amount of fuel supplied to the fuel injectors.

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Multiple Choice question. Selected the correct answer.

47. When the system is running rich, the oxygen content in the exhaust is ______.

A. High.
B. Low.
C. Both A and B.
D. Neither A nor B.

Multiple Choice question. Selected the correct answer.

48. A conventional oxygen sensor needs to be heated to ________ degrees Celsius before it can
produce a usable signal.

A. 260 (500F).
B. 400 (750F).
C. 540 (1000).
D. 650 (1200).

49. Identify the purpose and two (2) designs of mass airflow sensors.
1 *Hot Wire (or Hot Film) Sensor:*
- Working Principle: In this design, a thin wire or film is heated, and the airflow cools it. The amount of cooling
correlates with the airflow, providing a signal to the ECU.
- Advantages: Quick response time, suitable for a wide range of airflow conditions.

2. *Vane (or Vortex) Meter:*

- Working Principle: Vane sensors use a movable flap or vane placed in the air stream. Airflow causes the vane to
move, and the position is translated into a signal for the ECU

Multiple Choice question. Selected the correct answer.

50. Which of the following is NOT a type of mass airflow sensor?

A. Karmen-Vortex.
B. Vane type.
C. Hot wire.

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D. Hall effect.

51. Explain what a MAP sensor does?

The sensor provides instant manifold pressure information to the engine's electronic control unit. The data is used
to calculate air density and determine the engine's air mass flow rate, which in turn determines the required fuel
delivery for perfect combustion.

52. What does the intake air temperature (IAT) sensor measure?
The intake-air temperature sensor determines the temperature in the suction pipe and forwards the voltage signals
arising from the temperature to the control unit. This evaluates the signals and influences the mixture formation and
the firing angle.

53. What is the function of the crankshaft position sensor [CKP]?

A crank sensor (CKP) is an electronic device used in an internal combustion engine, both petrol and diesel, to
monitor the position or rotational speed of the crankshaft. This information is used by engine management systems
to control the fuel injection or the ignition system timing and other engine parameters.

Multiple Choice question. Selected the correct answer.

54. Which sensor synchronises the firing of the injectors and determines when piston number one (1) is
on the compression stroke?

A. CKP [crankshaft position sensor].

B. CMP [camshaft position sensor].
C. TPS [throttle position sensor].
D. VSS [vehicle speed sensor].

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55. What does the camshaft position (CMP) sensor monitor, and why?
The Camshaft Position Sensor (CMP) is an electronic component used in an internal combustion engine to monitor
the rotational speed (RPM) and position of the camshaft. The Engine Control Module (ECM) uses this information
for spark timing, fuel injector control, and other engine parameters.

Multiple Choice question. Selected the correct answer.

56. Low battery voltage might result in?

A. Cylinder head temperature increase.

B. Faulty sensor reading.
C. Half of the cylinders continue to fire as normally.
D. All answers are correct.

57. Can the PCM operate without good voltage supply and good ground connection?
The PCM is grounded through multiple circuits at different terminals in it's electrical connectors. A poor PCM ground
could cause driveability issues or the engine to die. A complete loss of ground would prevent the engine from
starting.

58. What purpose of the power steering pressure switch do in regard to engine management?
The role of a power steering pressure switch is to communicate with the vehicles engine control module (ECM) by
sending data about the fluid in the power steering pressure system of the vehicle. With this data the ECM will
adjusts the engine's operation as required.

59. Why does the engine use a knock sensor (KS)?

The importance of knock sensors in modern engines lies in their ability to detect and prevent engine knock. Engine
knock can cause severe damage to the engine and reduce its efficiency, power, and lifespan. Knock sensors also
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play an essential role in the engine's performance by helping optimize the air/fuel mixture

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60. What type of sensor is the knock sensor (KS)?

A knock sensor is typically a piezoelectric sensor mounted on the engine block or cylinder head.

61. A vehicles computer’s memory holds the programs and other data, such as vehicle calibrations, which the
CPU refers to while making calculations.

 What are four (4) types of memory in a computer?

 How does each memory operate?
Memory consists of four types of memory chips: RAM, ROM, CMOS and flash. RAM stand for random access
memory and ROM stand for read only memory. These are also called primary memory of a computer

*RAM (Random Access Memory):* It's volatile memory that stores data temporarily while the computer is running.
The CPU can quickly read from and write to RAM, making it crucial for active tasks.

- *ROM (Read-Only Memory):* It contains permanent data that doesn't change, typically firmware and system
instructions. It's non-volatile and retains information even when the computer is powered off.

- *Cache Memory:* This is a small, high-speed type of volatile computer memory that provides high-speed data
access to the CPU and stores frequently used computer programs, applications, and data.

- *Secondary Storage:* This includes hard drives, SSDs, and other non-volatile storage devices. It stores data even
when the power is off and is used for long-term storage of files and applications. Access times are slower compared
to RAM, but it provides more significant storage capacity.

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Multiple Choice question. Selected the correct answer.

62. Which of the answers below allows control modules to share sensor output status information
without the need for additional sensors or wiring?

A. Multiplexing.
B. Transcription.
C. Reprogramming.
D. Pulse width modulation.

63. A system’s adaptive strategy is based on a plan for the timing and control of computer-controlled systems
during different operating conditions. What does this mean?
The adaptive strategy of a system refers to a predefined plan for managing the timing and control aspects of
computer-controlled systems under varying operating conditions. Essentially, it involves adjusting the system's
parameters and responses to optimize performance and adapt to different scenarios, ensuring efficient operation
across a range of conditions.

64. Describe what ‘Short-term fuel trim’ (STFT) and ‘Long-term fuel trim’ (LTFT) is?
STFT is used for immediate adjustments based on the parameters, whereas the LTFT is a slower adjustment. The
LFTF value is stored in memory and "learns" from the STFT. If the STFT shows an increasing trend, the LTFT will
increase and allow the STFT to normalize and vice versa.

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Multiple Choice question. Selected the correct answer.

65. The computer sends a constant, predetermined voltage signal to a sensor. The sensor reacts to
operating conditions and sends a voltage signal back to the computer. What is this voltage called?

A. Reference voltage.
B. Battery voltage.
C. Alternating voltage.
D. All answers are correct.

Multiple Choice question. Selected the correct answer.

66. Fuel injectors may be controlled.

A. In pairs or groups.
B. All at once.
C. Sequentially.
D. All answers are correct.

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67. What is meant by sequential firing of the fuel injectors?

Intermittent injection systems can be sequential, in which injection is timed to coincide with each cylinder's intake
stroke; batched, in which fuel is injected to the cylinders in groups, without precise synchronization to any particular
cylinder's intake stroke; simultaneous, in which fuel is injected at the same .

68. The PCM has control over the engine’s idle speed. How does it accomplish this?
The PCM can control the amount of air that bypasses the throttle when the throttle is fully closed, thereby
controlling the engine's idle RPM. Electronically controlling the air enables just the right amount of air needed to
maintain the desired idle RPM.

69. How is the fuel pump relay powered up on an EFI vehicle?

It is usually controlled by the ignition or the power control module. When you turn on the ignition, it is activated and
will supply electricity to turn on the fuel pump. When you shut off the ignition, it powers down the fuel pump

70. Explain how the PCM controls the engine cooling fans?
The computer (ECU/PCM). A coolant temperature sensor will tell the computer that the temperature has reached a
certain programmed level, and the computer will turn the fan on until it drops to a certain level.

71. What process does the vehicle HVAC system go through to asking the PCM to turn the air
conditioning compressor on?
The air-conditioning system in a car works by manipulating refrigerant between a liquid and a gaseous state. As the
refrigerant changes states, it absorbs heat and humidity from the vehicle and allows the system to give off cool, dry

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air.

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72. Variable intake manifolds have a motor connected to a butterfly valve in the centre of the manifold.
The valve is closed during low speeds, keeping the two plenum areas separated. How does the
valve open to allow the plenums to become one?
The variable intake manifold complies with an electronically controlled flap system that meets both those
demands, channelling the air via the long intake manifold at low revolutions and through the short intake manifold at
high revolutions.

73. Describe the operation of a digital EGR valve?

Digital EGR valves feature a solenoid or stepper motor and, in most cases, a feedback sensor. These
valves receive a pulse width modulated signal from the ECU, to regulate exhaust gas flow.

74. To gain more control of canister purging, the EVAP operation is controlled by the PCM. How?
A purge valve is a device used to remove excess fuel vapor from a vehicle's evaporative emission control system. It
is typically located on the fuel tank and opens to allow fuel vapor to be drawn into the engine to be burned rather
than released into the atmosphere as pollution.

75. How does the PCM control the accelerator on an electronic throttle control system?
The position sensors on the accelerator pedal tell the PCM how much throttle opening to give the engine when the
driver steps down on the gas. The TPS sensors on the throttle tell the PCM how far the throttle is opening or closing
as commanded by the PCM.

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76. The PCM can adjust the variable valve timing on an engine. Explain how this is done?
The powertrain control module (PCM) transmits a signal to the solenoids to move a valve spool that regulates the
flow of oil to the phaser cavity. The phaser cavity changes the valve timing by rotating the camshaft slightly from its
initial orientation, which results in the camshaft timing being advanced.

77. What is the DLC and where is it found in modern vehicles?

DLC: All of the data and DTC codes collected by the ECU can be accessed via the Diagnostic Link Connector or
DLC. The DLC port is the point of access for vehicles with OBD systems and is often found beneath the dashboard
on the driver's side of the vehicle, though it may be located elsewhere in commercial vehicles.

Multiple Choice question. Selected the correct answer.

78. Reach, heat range and air gap are all characteristics that affect the performance of which ignition
system component?

A. Ignition coils.
B. Ignition switch.
C. Spark plugs.
D. Breaker points.

79. Why is the correct spark plug heat range important?

If you use too cool of a spark plug that doesn't heat up to the proper temperature, it won't be able to burn off the
carbon deposits, which can cause premature fouling.

80. What is spark plug reach?

The reach is the distance between the end of the threads and the seat of the spark plug. It does not include the

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electrodes or any extended metal shell.

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81. By what factor is the heat range of a spark plug determined?

Spark plugs with a high degree of heat dispersal are called high heat range (cold type) and those with a low degree
of heat dispersal are called low heat range (hot type). This is largely determined by the temperature of the gas
inside the combustion chamber and the spark plug design.

Multiple Choice question. Selected the correct answer.

82. The heat rang of a spark plug is indicated by.

A. The colour of the insulator ribs.

B. The number of the insulator ribs.
C. A code within the plug number imprinted on the side of the sparkplug.
D. All answers are correct.

Multiple Choice question. Selected the correct answer.

83. Modern ignition cables contain carbon fibre cores that act as a ________ in the secondary circuit to
cut down on radio and television interference and reduce spark plug wear.

A. Insulator.
B. Resistor.
C. Semiconductor.
D. Heat shield.

84. Explain briefly how an ignition coil operates?

To produce the required high voltages, ignition coils make use of the relationships that exist between electricity and
magnetism. When an electric current flows through an electrical conductor such as a coil of wire, it creates a
magnetic field around the coil.

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85. Name the different types of ignition coils below.

SINGLE CAN STYLE IGNITION COIL DIRECT COIL ON PLUG

COIL PACK EXTERNAL COIL ON PLUG

Multiple Choice question. Selected the correct answer.

86. What happens when the low-voltage current flow in the coil primary windings is interrupted by the
switching device?

A. The magnetic field around the primary windings collapses.

B. The movement of the magnetic field across the windings induces a high voltage in the secondary
windings.
C. Both “The magnetic field around the primary windings collapses” and “The movement of the magnetic field
across the windings induces a high voltage in the secondary windings”.
D. Neither “The magnetic field around the primary windings collapses” and “The movement of the magnetic
field across the windings induces a high voltage in the secondary windings”.

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Fill in the gaps

87. Complete the following statement about advance mechanisms system using the following words.

Words: PCM, ECM, Engine Mechanical, Vacuum, Precise, Ignition, Timing

After the manufacturers eliminated the __VACUUM________ and ___MECHANICAL_______ advance

mechanisms on their distributors, the ___ECM_______ or ___PCM_______ controlled ignition timing. This
allowed for more __PRECISE________ control of ___ENGINE_______ __MECHANICAL________ and
provided improved combustion. The PCM adjusted the ignition timing according to ___ENGINE _______
speed, engine load, coolant temperature, throttle position, and intake manifold pressure.

Multiple Choice question. Selected the correct answer.

88. The period of time during which there is primary current flow through the ignition coil is called.

A. Ignition.
B. Dwell.
C. Space.
D. Minutes.

Fill in the gaps

89. Complete the following statement about electronic control system using the following words.

Words: Crankshaft, Cylinders, Monitor, TDC, Missing, Reference, Camshaft, PCM, Thirty-five

The rotor for a ___CRANKSHAFT_______ position (CKP) sensor has several teeth (the number varies with
application) equally spaced around the outside of the rotor. One or more teeth are ___MISSING_______ at
fixed locations. These missing teeth provide a ___REFERENCE_______ point for the _PCM_________ to
determine crankshaft position. For example, the pulse wheel may have a total of ___THIRTY- FIVE_______
teeth spaced 10 degrees apart and an empty space where the thirty-sixth tooth would have been. The thirty-
five teeth are used to ____MONITOR______ crankshaft speed; the gap is used to identify which pair of
cylinders is approaching ___TDC_______. The input from the __CAMSHAFT________ position sensor
signals is used in order to determine which of these two ___CYLINDERS_______ is on its firing stroke and
which is on the exhaust stroke.

Multiple Choice question. Selected the correct answer

90. Which of the following is NOT a type of engine position sensor?

A. Hall-effect.
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B. Magnetic pulse generator.

C. Photoelectric (Optical).
D. Piezoresistive.

Fill in the gaps

91. Complete the following statement about inductive pickup ignition systems using the following words.

Words: Polarity, Rotates, Ignition, Signal, Trigger, Magnetic, Pickup, Induced, Conductor, Magnetic pulse,
Electromagnetism

The __MAGNETIC ________ ____PICKUP______ or PM generator operates on the principles of

____ELECTROMAGNETISEM______. A voltage is __INDUCED________ in a conductor when a magnetic
field passes over the ____CONDUCTOR______ or when the conductor moves over a
___MAGNETIC_______ field. The magnetic field is provided by a magnet in the ____IGNITION______ unit,
and the rotating __TRIGGER________ wheel provides the required movement through the magnetic field to
induce ___SIGNAL_______.

As the trigger wheel _____ROTATES_____ past the pickup coil, a weak AC __SIGNAL________ is induced
in the pickup coil. This signal is sent to the ____IGNITION______ module. In early ignition systems, the
change in ____POLARITY______ was used as a signal to prepare the ignition coil for another spark plug
firing.

Fill in the gaps

92. Complete the following statement about Hall-effect ignition systems using the following words.

Words: Sensor, Output, Voltage, Reference, Hall-effect, PCM, Ground

A typical ___SENSOR_______ sensor has three wires connected to it. One wire is the
__REFERENCE________ voltage wire. The ____PCM______ supplies a reference ____VOLTAGE______ of
5 to 12 volts, depending on the system. The second wire delivers the ____OUTPUT______ signal from the
______SENSOR____ to the PCM, and the third wire provides a ___GROUND_______ for the sensor.

Fill in the gaps

93. Complete the following statement about light emitting diode ignition systems using the following
words.

Words: LED, Phototransistor, Photoelectric, Generated, Module, Pulsating, Interrupter

Some early distributor ignition systems relied on _____PHOTOELECTRIC_____ sensors to monitor engine
position. They consisted of an __LED________, a light-sensitive __PHOTOTRANSISTOR________
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(photocell), and a slotted disc called an __INTERRUPTER________. As the interrupter rotated between the
LED and the photocell, ____PULSATING______ voltage was __GENERATED________ in the photocell. This
voltage was passed onto the ignition ___MODULE_______ and was used as the basis for all ignition timing.

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94. Describe a waste spark ignition system?

A wasted spark system is a type of ignition system used in some four-stroke cycle internal combustion engines. In a
wasted spark system, the spark plugs fire in pairs, with one plug in a cylinder on its compression stroke and the
other plug in a cylinder on its exhaust stroke.

Fill in the gaps

95. Complete the following statement about coil-on-plug ignition using the following words.

Words: Timing, PCM, Camshaft, Crankshaft, Capacitor, Coil-per-cylinder, Ignition, Programmed

In a typical ___IGNITION_______ system, a __CRANKSHAFT________ position sensor provides a basic

timing signal. This signal is sent to the ___PCM_______. The PCM is __PROGRAMMED________ with the
firing order for the engine and determines which __COIL PRE CYLINDER________ coil should be turned on
or off. Some engines require an additional ______CAMSHAFT____ signal from the ___CAPACITOR_______
position sensor. On some systems, there is also a coil __CAPACITOR________ for each bank of coils for
radio noise suppression.

Fill in the gaps

96. Complete the following statement about integrated ignition systems using the following words.

Words: Spark, Igniter, ECU, Integrated, Engine, Timing, Sensors, Ignition, Voltage, Distributor, Windings

On __INTEGRATED________ ignition systems, the engine _ECU_________ is programmed so that it

provides optimum ignition ____TIMING______ under all operating conditions. It receives information from
various ___SENSORS_______ that monitor the ___ENGINE_______ function, calculates the
__IGNITION________ timing and sends a signal to the igniter in the __DISTRIBUTOR________ assembly.

The ___IGNITER_______ triggers ignition coil action so that high __VOLTAGE________ is produced by the
secondary ____WINDING______ of the ignition coil and distributed through the rotor and cap to the
appropriate __SPRAK________ plug.

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True or False question

97. Symptom-based diagnostic charts focus on a definition of the problem and offer a list of possible causes of the
problem.

✘ True or False

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98. Looking at the diagnostic fault chart below, what are the possible causes for DTC P0122?

POSSIBLE CAUSES FOR DTCP0122: THROTTLE /PEDAL POSITION SENSOR/ SWITCH A CIRCUIT LOW
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INPUT 1 TIP SENSOR

2 OPEN IN AAP CIRCUIT
3 SHORT BETWEEN TP AND AAP CIRCUITS.

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Fill in the gaps

99. Complete the following statement about low pressure fuel system testing using the following words.

Words: Faulty, Fuel, Gauge, Immediately, Leak, Observe, Pressure, Specifications, Testing, Visual

Prior to ___TESTING_______ the fuel pump, a careful __VISUAL________ inspection of the injectors, fuel
rail, and fuel lines and hoses is necessary. Any sign of a ____FUEL______ __LEAK________ should be
noted and the cause corrected __IMMEDIATELY________. The supply line into the fuel rail is a likely point of
leakage. Check the area around the fitting to make sure no leaks have occurred. To test fuel
__PRESSURE________, connect the appropriate pressure ___GAUGE_______ to the fuel rail test fitting.
Turn the ignition switch to the run position and ___OBSERVE_______ the fuel pressure gauge. Compare the
reading to __SPECIFICATIONS________. A reading lower than normal indicates a ___FAULTY_______ fuel
pump or fuel delivery system.

Fill in the gaps

100. Complete the following statement about high pressure fuel system testing using the following words.

Words: Sound, Check, Controlling, High, Scan, Pressure, Gauge, Fuel, Fluctuate, Electrical, Specified, Not

Because GDI operates under very __HIGH________ pressures, a typical fuel volume check should
____NOT______ be done. However, the __ELECTRICAL________ of the fuel can be checked as well as the
condition of the high- pressure pump. Fuel pressure is best tested by _CONTROLLING_________ the activity
of the pump with a ___SCAN_______ tool. With the scan tool and fuel pressure _GAUGE_________
connected, start the engine. Select the mode on the tool that allows for control of the __PRESSURE________
pressure (this mode will vary with the type of tool). Attempt to bring the fuel pressure up to the
___SPECIFIED_______ pressure. While changing the pressure, the reading should
___FLUCTUATE_______. Also listen to the __SOUND________ of the pump. It too should cycle. If any of
these conditions do not exist, ___CHECK_______ the pump, its __ELECTRICAL________ circuits, pressure
sensor, and the PCM.

Multiple Choice question. Selected the correct answer.

101. A pressure __________ can be used to connect a DMM or Scope to the fuel system to measure fuel
pressure.

A. Gauge.
B. Transducer.
C. Sensor.
D. Regulator .
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 AURETR123 Diagnose and repair spark ignition engine management systems

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 AURETR123 Diagnose and repair spark ignition engine management systems

Multiple Choice question. Selected the correct answer.

102. Fuel pumps should be tested for __________ and __________.

A. Pressure and Volume.

B. Back pressure and flow return.
C. Vacuum and Capacity.
D. None of these answers .

Multiple Choice question. Selected the correct answer.

103. A high fuel pressure reading is typically caused by a faulty fuel.

A. Pump.
B. Pressure regulator.
C. Filter.
D. Tank.

Multiple Choice question. Selected the correct answer.

104. A no start/no fuel pressure condition is being diagnosed. When a test light is connected to the pump positive
terminal, there is no voltage when the engine is cranked by the starter. What could cause this problem?

A. Defective neutral safety switch.

B. Bad fuel pump ground.
C. Defective fuel pressure regulator.
D. Defective fuel pump relay.

Multiple Choice question. Selected the correct answer.

105. Which of the following problems could NOT cause the fuel pressure to drop off quickly after the engine and
ignition are turned off?

A. Leaking injector.
B. Internally leaking fuel pump check valve.
C. Internally leaking fuel pressure regulator.
D. Restricted fuel filter.

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 AURETR123 Diagnose and repair spark ignition engine management systems

Multiple Choice question. Selected the correct answer.

106. Before conducting any tests on the injection and engine control systems, be certain of the following?

A. The battery is fully charged, with clean terminals and connections.

B. All fuses and fusible links are intact.
C. All electrical harnesses are routed properly and their connectors and terminals are free of corrosion and
tight.
D. All answers are correct.

Fill in the gaps

107. Complete the following statement about fuel injector testing using the following words.

Words: Cycling, Electrical, Engine, Flashes, Impedance, Injector, Noid, Not, Receiving, Step, Voltage

When an __INJECTOR________ is suspected as the cause of a lean problem, the first __STEP________ is
to determine if the injector is _RECEIVING_________ a signal (from the PCM) to fire. Once the injector’s
___ELECTRICAL_______ connector has been removed, check for ___VOLTAGE_______ at the injector
using a high _IMPEDANCE_________ test light or a convenient __NOID________ light that plugs into the
connector. After making the test connections, crank the __ENGINE________. The noid light
_FLASHES_________ if the computer is _CYCLING_________ the injector on and off. If the light is
___NOT_______ flashing, the computer or connecting wires are defective.

Multiple Choice question. Selected the correct answer.

108. Which of the following components can cause excessively high pressure in a returnless fuel delivery system?

A. Faulty fuel pressure regulator.

B. Faulty fuel pressure sensor.

C. Faulty PCM.

D. All answers are correct.

Multiple Choice question. Selected the correct answer.

109. When viewing injector pattern on a lab scope, the injector pulse end with a?

A. Downward right angle.

B. First upward spike.

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 AURETR123 Diagnose and repair spark ignition engine management systems

C. Highest upward spike.

D. Last upward spike.

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 AURETR123 Diagnose and repair spark ignition engine management systems

Multiple Choice question. Selected the correct answer.

110. If the injectors and their electrical harness are visible but cannot be accessed without removing the upper
intake manifold, injector operation can be checked by using?

A. Test light.
B. Technicians/Mechanics stethoscope.
C. Digital multimeter.
D. Probe.

True or False question

111. On some vehicles, actuators can be tested with a scan tool by accessing output state control or output test
mode. In the mode, the actuator enabled or disabled, or the duty cycle increased or decreased.

✘ True or False

Multiple Choice question. Selected the correct answer.

112. Which of the following tools is NOT used in testing engine sensors?

A. DMM.
B. Test light.
C. Scan tool.
D. Lab scope.

Multiple Choice question. Selected the correct answer.

113. A vehicle towed into the workshop with a ‘cranks but doesn’t start’ problem. A quick check under the bonnet
reveals that the spark plugs are not firing and the injectors are not receiving a pulse from the PCM. The
technician notices that the MIL light does not come on when the key is turned to the run position. What would
you do next?

A. Check the PCM’s fuses, power wires, and ground wires.

B. Replace the PCM.
C. Check the main power relay in the power distribution centre.
D. Check for codes with a scan tool.

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 AURETR123 Diagnose and repair spark ignition engine management systems

Multiple Choice question. Selected the correct answer.

114. A MAP sensor with a varying frequency output can be tested with a?

A. Voltmeter.
B. Ohmmeter.
C. DMM with a duty cycle function.
D. DMM with a frequency function.

Multiple Choice question. Selected the correct answer.

115. Which of the following tools should not be used to test an actuator unless the technician is directed to do so by
the manufacturer’s service procedure?

A. Scan tool.
B. DMM.
C. Jumper wires.
D. Lab scope.

Fill in the gaps

116. Complete the following statement about electrical terminal testing using the following words.

Words: Backprobe, Fuel, Injector, Ohmmeter, Pressure, Replace, Signal, Specifications, Voltage, Voltmeter

The ____INJRECTOR______ _SINGNAL_________ and pump control can be checked with an

___OHMMETER_______. Connect the meter across the _INJECTOR_________ at the connector. Compare
your readings to __SPECIFICATIONS________. If the reading does not match specs, _REPLACE_________
the injector or pump. The fuel _PRESSURE_________ sensor can also be checked with a
__VOLTMETER________. With the engine running and a fuel pressure gauge connected,BACKPROBE____
the sensor’s output _VOLTAGE_________ and compare the pressure gauge reading and
____VOLTAGE______ to specifications.

Multiple Choice question. Selected the correct answer.

117. A vehicle with a DTC for an engine coolant temperature out of range code is being tested. The serial data
stream shows the coolant temperature to be 92°C (198°F). When the technician tests the resistance between
the ETC terminals, they find infinite resistance. The specifications call for 20 to 40 ohms at 93°C (200°F). After
the ECT is replaced and the code is eased, the system runs normally and the code and MIL illumination do not
reoccur. How is this possible?

A. There was excessive air in the cooling system; when the ECT sensor was removed, the tapped air bled
out.
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 AURETR123 Diagnose and repair spark ignition engine management systems

B. The ETC code was set by a loose connection where the harness meets the ETC terminals; disconnecting
and reconnecting the plug essentially fixed the problem.
C. The problem is an intermittent electrical fault; it will eventually reoccur.
D. When the ETC failed, the PCM substituted a nominal ECT value that allowed the engine to run in limp
home mode; the substituted value was displayed by the scan tool.

Fill in the gaps

118. Complete the following statement about testing sensors and actuator using the following words.

Words: Actuator, Compression, Computer, Diagnosing, Faulty, Ignition, Input, Intake, Normal, Scan, Scanner,
Specifications, Testing

Most systems allow for TESTING__________ of the __ACTUATOR________ through a

___SCANNER_______ tool. Actuators that are duty cycled by the __COMPUTER________ are more
accurately _DIAGNOSED_________ through this method. Prior to diagnosing an actuator, make sure the
engine’s ___IGNITION _______, __COMPRESSION________ system, and ___INTAKE_______ system are
in good condition. Serial data can be used to diagnose outputs using a __SECAN________. The displayed
data should be compared against ___SPECIFICATIONS_______ to determine the condition of any actuator.
Also, when an actuator is suspected to be _FAULTY_________, make sure the inputs related to the control of
that actuator are within __NORMAL________ range. Faulty __INPUTS________ will cause an actuator to
appear faulty.

Multiple Choice question. Selected the correct answer.

119. The sensor and output status data stored when a DTC is set is called?

A. Snapshot data.
B. Freeze frame data.
C. Mode 6 data.
D. Failure record.

120. Explain the different between the two (2) traces below?

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 AURETR123 Diagnose and repair spark ignition engine management systems

IT SHOW THE CONNECTION BETWEEN VEHICLE CURRENT HOW CURRENT IS THROW THE VEHICLE

FIRST TRACES SHOW THAT THE CURRENT IS NOT GOOD

SECOND TRACES SHOW THAT THE CURRENT IS GOOD

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 AURETR123 Diagnose and repair spark ignition engine management systems

121. In the scan tool live data below, answer the following.

Engine RPM: 2260

Coolant Temp: 190’F

IGN Advance: 38.0

MAF: 1.21B/MIN

Throttle position: 10.1%

STFT #1: 0.0%

LTFT #1: -1.5%

O2S B1 S1: 0.705V

O2S B1 S2: 0.120V

O2S B2 S1: UNUSED

MIL: ON

122. Describe the process for replacing the CKP sensor?

t's technically possible to replace a crankshaft position sensor yourself, but it's much less painful to have an expert
do it. Because the crankshaft position sensor lies in such a sensitive region of the engine, amateur mechanics run
the risk of causing further damage by attempting a MacGyver-style fix.

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 AURETR123 Diagnose and repair spark ignition engine management systems

Fill in the gaps

123. Complete the following statement about replacing a fuel injector using the following words.

Words: Access, Bolts, Connector, Disassembly, Electrical, Fuel, Injectors, Leaks, Lines, Loosen, Opened,
Operation, O-rings, Pressure, Pulling, Quick-disconnect, Rail, Reassembling, Reconnect, Regulator, Relieved,
Removing, Replacing, Reverse, Vacuum

The procedure for ____ACCESSING______ and _DISASSEMBLING_________ the fuel rail,

__INJECTOR_______, and pressure _REGULATOR_________ varies depending on the vehicle. On some
applications, certain components must be removed to gain _ACCESS_________ to these components. The
system must be ____RELIEVED______ of any and all __PRESSURE________ before the fuel lines are
LOOSENED__________ to remove any of the components. __LOOSEN________ the fuel line clamps on the
fuel rail, if so equipped. If these lines have __QUICKDISCONNECT________ fittings, grasp the larger collar
on the ______CONNECTOR____ and twist in either direction while pulling on the line to remove the
______FUEL____ supply and return _LINES_________. Now, remove the CONNECTOR__ line from the
pressure regulator and disconnect the ____ELECTRICAL______ connectors from the injectors. The fuel
_______RAIL___ is now ready to be removed. On some engines, the fuel rail is held in place by __________;
they need to be removed before _____PULLING_____ the fuel rail free. When __REPLACING________ the
fuel rail with the injectors and pressure regulator, make sure all ___O RINGS_______ are replaced and lightly
coated with engine oil. Assemble the fuel rail in the _REVERSE_________ order as that used for
_____DISASSEMBLY _____. After the rail and injectors are in place and everything connected to them,
__RECONNECT________ the negative battery terminal. Then start the engine and check for fuel
_____LEAKES_____ at the rail and be sure the engine _OPERATION_________ is normal.

Fill in the gaps

124. Complete the following statement about replacing a fuel pump using the following words.

Words: Bolts, Bend, Compare, Connections, Disconnect, Electrical, Installed, Labelled, Leaks, Negative,
Properly, Pump, Removing, Replace, Terminal

Before __REMOVING ________ the fuel pump, disconnect the _NEGATIVE_________ battery cable. Then
disconnect the ___ELECTRICAL _______ connectors on the fuel pump. Now __DISCONNECT________ the
fuel lines at the pump. These lines should also be ___LABELLED_______ so they are
_INSTALLED_________ correctly on the new pump. Loosen and remove the ___BOLTS_______ holding the
pump in place. Remove the ___PUMP_______ by pushing the pump up until the bottom is clear of the
bracket. Swing the pump out to the side and pull it down too free it from the rubber fuel line coupler.
___COMPARE_______ the replacement pump with the old one. When inserting the new pump back into its
bracket, be careful not to ___BEND_______ the bracket. If the fuel was removed from the tank,
_REPLCE_________ it. Make sure all electrical ___CONNECTION _______ are reconnected and that all fuel
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 AURETR123 Diagnose and repair spark ignition engine management systems

lines and hoses are __PROPERLY________ fastened and tightened. Then reconnect the negative
__TERMINAL________ at the battery. Start the engine and check all connections for fuel
___LEAKS_______.

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 AURETR123 Diagnose and repair spark ignition engine management systems

True or False question

125. Reflashing a PCM requires that the PCM be removed from the vehicle and sent back to the manufacturer for
reflashing?

True or ✘ False

126. Under what circumstances should a PCM be reflashed?

You may want to consider reflashing after installing an aftermarket performance cam, bigger cylinder heads, a
different intake manifold or fuel induction system to compensate for changes in airflow. A professional tune is highly
recommended when used in conjunction with other aftermarket parts.

Fill in the gaps

127. Complete the following statement about post-repair testing using the following words.

Words: Aftermarket, Comprehensive, Connector, Data, Diagnostics, DTC, Erase, Exact, Freeze, Grounds,
Installing, Isolating, Monitor, OBD-II, Perform, Problem, Repairs, Resolved, Retained, Scan, Terminals, Test,
Testing, Tighten, Vehicle, Verify,

After ___DIAGNOSTICS_______ the source of the ___PROBLEM_______, the ___REPAIRS_______ should

be made. The system should then be rechecked to ____VERIFY______ that the repair took care of the
problem. This may involve road __TESTING________ the vehicle in order to verify that the complaint has
been ____RESOLVED______.

When servicing or repairing __ELECTRICAL________ circuits, the following guidelines are important:
 Do not connect __AFTERMARKET _______ accessories into an OBD-II circuit.
 Do not move or alter _CONNECTORS _______ from their original locations.
 Always replace a relay in an OBD-II circuit with an ___EXACT _____ replacement. Damaged relays
should be thrown away, not repaired.
 Make sure all _TERMINALS _________ locks are in good condition and are in place.
 After repairing connectors or connector ___TERMINALS_______, make sure the terminals are
properly _____TIGHTEDD_____ and the connector is sealed.
 When ____TIGHTENING ______ a fastener for an electrical ground, be sure to
___TOURQUE_______ it to the specified torque.

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 AURETR123 Diagnose and repair spark ignition engine management systems

Verification of repair is more __COMPREHENSIVE ________ for vehicles with OBD-II system
_____DIAGNOSTICS____ than earlier vehicles. Following a repair, the technician should
__PERFORM________ the following steps:
1 Review the fail records and the __FREEZE________ frame __DATA________ for the
_DTC_________ that was diagnosed. Record the fail records or freeze frame data.
2 Use the __DIAGNOSTIC________ tool’s clear DTCs or clear information functions to
___ERASE_______ the DTCs.
3 Operate the _____VEHICLE_____ within the conditions noted in the fail records or the freeze frame
data.
4 ___MONITOR _______ the status information for the specific DTC until the diagnostic
___DIAGNOSTIC_______ associated with that DTC runs.

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