DEFINITIONS
Note.— The following definitions were developed while new Annex 19 — Safety Management was being drafted.
Once Annex 19 becomes applicable in November 2013, if there should be any differences in the definitions, the
Annex 19 definitions shall prevail.
Acceptable level of safety performance (ALoSP). The minimum level of safety performance of civil aviation in a
State, as defined in its State safety programme, or of a service provider, as defined in its safety management
system, expressed in terms of safety performance targets and safety performance indicators.
Accountable executive. A single, identifiable person having responsibility for the effective and efficient performance
of the State’s SSP or of the service provider’s SMS.
Change management. A formal process to manage changes within an organization in a systematic manner, so that
changes which may impact identified hazards and risk mitigation strategies are accounted for, before the
implementation of such changes.
Defences. Specific mitigating actions, preventive controls or recovery measures put in place to prevent the
realization of a hazard or its escalation into an undesirable consequence.
Errors. An action or inaction by an operational person that leads to deviations from organizational or the operational
person’s intentions or expectations.
High-consequence indicators. Safety performance indicators pertaining to the monitoring and measurement of
high-consequence occurrences, such as accidents or serious incidents. High-consequence indicators are
sometimes referred to as reactive indicators.
Lower-consequence indicators. Safety performance indicators pertaining to the monitoring and measurement of
lower-consequence occurrences, events or activities such as incidents, non-conformance findings or deviations.
Lower-consequence indicators are sometimes referred to as proactive/predictive indicators.
Risk mitigation. The process of incorporating defences or preventive controls to lower the severity and/or likelihood
of a hazard’s projected consequence.
Safety management system. A systematic approach to managing safety, including the necessary organizational
structures, accountabilities, policies and procedures.
Safety performance. A State’s or service provider´s safety achievement as defined by its safety performance targets
and safety performance indicators.
Safety performance indicator. A data-based safety parameter used for monitoring and assessing safety
performance.
Safety risk. The predicted probability and severity of the consequences or outcomes of a hazard.
State safety programme. An integrated set of regulations and activities aimed at improving safety.
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