M ’

O R E Y S A RIT H M E T IC S

A D VA NC E D A R I T H M ETIC

C HA RL E S W . MOREY , M . A .

l u an n O F H I G H L A ND SC H O O L
'

LO W E LL, M A SSA C H USE T T S

’
CHAR LE S SCR IBNE R S SONS
NE W YOR K CH I C A GO B O ST O N
.
 PREFACE

TH E of the series of te t book s of which Ad

Ob j ec t x -

v a n ce d A ri th m etic is a par t i s thre e fold

.I To sec u re acc u racy and facil i ty in the m echan i cs o f

n u m be r To accom plish this res ult there is a contin u o u s
.

presentation Of the fu ndam e ntal processes w ith inte gers

a nd w ith fractions b oth co m m on and deci m al
, .

I I To relate the u se of n u m ber to the aff airs of every

.

day life This re qu ires the sol u tion of probl e m s i n

.

ho u sehold and school econo mics in the a ff airs Of the play

,

gro u nd th e w ork shop and the farm and a st u dy of con

, , ,

d i ti on s e x isting in the b u siness w orld .

III To develop a po w er of insight and anal ysis w hich

.

sha ll r ender p u pils reso u rcefu l a n d self reliant -

This i n
.

v olves the introd u ction of m any pro b le m s re qu iring th e

use of m ore than a singl e process in their sol u tion and ,

dra w n fro m a great variety of so u rces both w i th i n and ,

w i tho u t the ex perienc e of the p u pil A fo u ndati on i s

.

th u s laid for w or k in m athe m ati cs beyon d gramm ar school

grad e s .

S o m e s ubj ects ordinarily incl u ded in gram m ar school

co u rses are p u rposely o m i tted be ca u s e it i s beli e v e d that
t h e m astery of a fe w s u bj ects i s the san e and w i s e m e thod
of proced u re in the d e v elop m e nt of m athem atical po w e r .

Q u ality not ,qu antity of w ork

, is of pri m e i m portance
i n trai ning yo u ng p u pils .
vi PR E F A C E

Th e u bj e ct m atter of A dvanc e d A rith m etic is so a r

s

r a ng e d that p u pils l e avi ng school befor e the co m pl e tion

O f t h e r e g u lar co u rse are giv e n Opport u nity to ac qu i r e

so m e kno w l e dge of practi cal b u sin e ss m e thods

.

T h e a u thor w ish e s to ackno w le dge his indebtedn e ss

to all w h o hav e ass i sted in the pr eparat i on of the m an u
scr i pt and e spec i ally to Mr Myron T P r i tchard Maste r
, . .
,

o f the E verett S chool , Boston Massach u setts for wise

, ,

c o u nse l and criticis m

M
.

0 W
. . .
 CONTE NTS

PAR T I
No ta tion and Num era tion

Ml p
R om an Nota tion and Nu mera t1 on

MM
Fu nda m enta l Pro cesses : Addi tion Su btra c tion u o
ti lica ti n

Mhod
Cash Acc ou nts
Parts o f 1 00 . Short et s 1n ul tipl ica tion
Fu ndam enta l Processes : D ivision Short eth ods

R a ti o
R ec ei pts
Bills

M ll
D i c ta tion E xerc ises
isc e a neo u s Problems
Fac tors

M
Grea test C omm o n D iv isor
Leas t C om m on u ltip le

Use o f Signs
Canc ella tion
D rill Exercise : R a pid Addition and Subtra ction
Frac t ions : R e v ie w
D e c im a ls : R ev iew
M
M
Linea r eas u re

Squ a re or Su rfa c e e asu re

Angles
Q u a dr ila terals
T ria ngles

M
D raw ing to Sca le
C u bic o r Vol u m e
M
easure

Wood easu re

Su rfa c e Of R ec tangula r Prism

R ev ie w E xerc ise : Areas
 v iii C ONTE NTS

M
M
Liquid easure

D ry easure

Av oirdu po is Weight
Percentage
Differe nce in Time between D a tes
Interos t

M ll
R e v ie w E xerc ise . Frac tions
is ce o us Problems
an e

C ro ps ra ised on a State Farm

PAR T II

No ta tion and Num era tion

R oman No ta tion and Nu m era tio n
D ic ta tion E xercises
F un da m enta l Proc esses Integers
M
.

M
United Sta tes oney

M M
Purc hases a t the a rk et

Short eth od s in u ltip lica tio n

M
Posta l Problem s
C ash Ac co unts
R ev ie w E xerc ise : Fa c to rs ; D iw sors ; u l tip les

E xpe ndi tures o f a Pa rk C om m issi on

F a c tions R ev iew
r .

D ec im a ls : R ev iew
D rill E xe rc ise : Fra c tions and D ecim a ls

M
C ou ntin g

M
Linea r easure

Squ are or Su rface easure

A Po u l try House a nd Yards

Use o f Signs
Qua d ri la tera ls
l T ria ngles
T h e J e ffe rson Sc h ool Gard en
Pla ste ring

M
C arpe ting

M
C u bi c o r Volum e easu re

Wood easure
 CONT E NTS

Bo ard M
eas ure

Pro blem s abo u t the Panam a Cana l

Av oirdu p ois Weigh t
M
M
Liqu id ea sure

D ry easu re

M
School Ki tc he n Pro blems
Time eas ure

D rill E xe rc ises : D eno m 1 na te Nu mb ers

Circle C irc u mf erence ; Area
Cylin d er : Su rfa c e ; V olu m e
Perc e nta ge
R ea l E sta te Prob le m s .

Baseb a ll Prob lem s

D is c o u nt : Single ; Series
Comm ission
A Gro u p O f Sc hool Problem s
D iff ere nc e ln T im e be tw ee n D ates

M
Int erest
M
Inte res t : On e dolla r ethod
-

’
Int eres t : Ba nkers e thod
Interes t : Written Exercise
M isce lla n eou s Proble m s

PAR T III

Notation a nd Nu m era tion

R om a n No ta tion and Nu m era tion
Funda m e n ta l Proc esses
Written Pro b le m s

M
D ic ta ti on E xerc ise s
Posta l o Orders
ne y

R ev iew O f Fra c tions

R eview O f D e c im a ls

M
Farm Pro blem s
R e v ie w of ea su rem ents

T roy Weight
Percent age
A D a iry Prob lem
C o m m i ssio n
 CONT E NTS

C o m m ercial or Trade D iscou nt

T axes
Na tiona l T a xes
Baseba ll Pro blem s
O pe ning an Ac c ou nt with a Ba nk
Interes t
Pro m iss ory No tes
Bank D isc o u nt
D ic ta tion E xerc ises
Sto ck s
Bo nds
D ie t Pro ble ms
Parti tiv e Pro po rti on
Part ners hip
R a tio
Pro p ortio n
Pow ers a nd R oots
Square R oo t

M
The R ight a ngl e d Triangle
-
.

M
R ev ie w of o
ensura ti n

M
iscella ne ou s Ora l Prob le m s
isc ella neo us Written Pro blems
M
M M
R efere nc e T a b les of easu res

etric System of easures

 A DV ANCE D AR ITH M E TIC

PART I

INTER M E D IATE AR ITH M ETIC

NOT AT ION AND NUM E RAT ION

1 . H o w m a ny
plac e s are r e qu i re d to w ri te ten in fig u res ?
O n e h u n dr e d ? O n e tho u sand ? T e n tho u s and ? O ne
h u ndr e d tho u sa n d ? O n e m ill i on ? T e n m i lli on ? O ne
h u ndre d m illi on ?
.

2 .W hy is o u r system of w riting n um b e rs called a

de c i m al syste m ?
3 . Us ing th e fig u r e s 2, 8 , 3, 9 , 6 , w rite th e larg est nu m

be r po ss i bl e . R e ad i t .

4 . U si ng th e sam e fig u re s , w r i te th e s m all e st n u m ber

po s si bl e R e ad i t
. .

5 . W rit e a n u m b e r occ u pying five place s w h i ch h a s n o

t e n s and n o h u ndr e ds R e ad i t . .

’
6 . U s i n g the fig u res 3 and 3, and as m any 0 s as

n e c e ssary w r i te
,

1
( ) A n u m b e r in w hich the l e ft hand 3 has te n t i m e s -

t h e v al u e of t h e r i ght hand 3 -
.

2
( ) A n u m b e r i n w hich t h e lef t hand 3 has o n e h u n dr e
-
d
t i m e s t he valu e of the right hand 3 -
.

3
( ) A n u m ber in w h i ch th e l e ft hand 3 has o n e tho u -

sa n d ti m es the val u e of the right hand 3 -

.
2 AD VANC E D AR I T H E T I C M
’
7 . C o m pare the v al u e s of the 7 s in 77 ; in 707 ; in
770 ; in 7007 ; i n 7070 ; i n
T he val u e of a fig u re in a n u mb e r d e pends u po n t wo
t h i n gs

1
( ) I ts val u e in the scale 1 2 , , 3, 4, 5, 6 , 7, 8 , 9 .

2
( ) I ts place i n the n u m ber .

The fig u res 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 , , , , , , , , 9, are call e d s ignifican t

fig u r e s .

8 .K e eping i n m ind the val u e s of the significant fig u re s ,

t e ll h o w m any ti m e s the v al u e Of th e ri ght hand fig u r e i s -

r epr e s e nted by th e l e ft hand fig u re in 42; in 9 3 0 ; in 6 03

-

i n 501 0 ; in 8 002 .

’
9 W rite a n u m b e r w hich has the fig u r e 2 i n the u nits
.

’ '

p lace and ,a fig u r e in the tens pl a ce w hich ih that pl ac e

e xp resses forty t i m es as m u ch .

W rit e in fig u r e s
1 . S e ven h u ndre d eight .

2 . Nin e te en tho u sand forty -

tw o .

3 . S i xty tho u sand fiv e h u ndred nine .

4 . Tw o h u dred forty
n -
si x tho u san d three h u ndred
si xty .

5 . E ight h u ndre d te n tho u sand s ix h u ndre d forty nine -

.

6 . Thre e m i ll i on one h u ndr ed ei ghty fo u r tho u san d

-

tw o h u ndr e d fo u r .

7 . N i n e ty -
one m i llion fif ty -
se ven tho u sand fiv e
h u ndred .

8 . F i ve h u ndre d six m illi on .

 RO M
AN N OTAT ION AND NU M
E A R T I ON 3

9 Fo u r h u ndred e ighte en
. m illion t we nty -
eight thou
sand seven h u ndred thir t y tw o -
.

10 . Si x h u ndred m illi o n three h u ndred thou san d o ne

hundred .

Separate into gro u ps , r a e d alo u d , a nd th e n w r ite i n

words :

1 . 3 86 2 . 38 6 00 3 . 308 6 4 . 38 6000
5 . 3 08600 6 . 38 6 0 7 . 308 06 8 . 308 060
9 . 1 309 10 . 309 1 1 . 2007 12 . 1 0008
13 . 4 007025 1 4 . 1 39 300 1 5 . 24 7080 16 . 76 4 7200
1 7 3406 00 1 8 . 40706 1 9 . 3008 075 20 . 4008 00

M
R O AN NOT AT ION AND NU M E RAT ION

By com bining these lette rs ac cordin g to these rul es any ,

nu m ber m ay be w ritten .

I W hen a letter is follo w ed by the sam e letter or

. by
one of less val u e add the val u e s of the l e tters
, .

Th u s , I I = 2; XX = 20 ; XV = 1 5; LX = 6 0 .

II W h e n a letter is follo w ed by one of greater val u e,

.

s ubtract the letter of less val u e f ro m the letter of grea te r

val u e .

Thu s , IV = 4 ; IX = 9 ; XL = 40 ; CD = 400 .

1 . W rite 1 776 in R o m an notation .

1 776 1 000 700 70 6

M D OC LXX VI M D CC LXX V I
4 AD VANC E D A R I T H E T IC M
Write in lett e rs
2 . 14 3 . 25 4 . 33
6 . 67 7 . 89 e . 98
1 0 . 50 11 . 55 1 2 . 500
1 4 . 550 15 . 555 1 6 . 1 6 20
19 . 1 700 1 9 . 1 84 0 20 . 1 900

22 . W rite M D C LX VI in A rabic notation .

M D C LXV I M DC LX VI
1 000 6 00 60 6 1 666
W rite in fig u re s
23 XIX XXV I I I X LIV
M
. 24 . 25 .

LX X X CI X D

MM
26 . 27 . 28 .

29 . MM 30 . C 31 . MDCC
32 . M C D LX 33 . M D CX X 34 . M D LXX I X
35 . M LX V I 36 . MC M X 37 . M C M XV I I
A dash over a l etter increases i ts val u e one tho u sand
fOl d . Th u s X,
L

38 W ri te these letters so that they shall r e present

.

1 000 ti m es the i r or di n a ry val u e : I V C D M

39 W here are R om an n u m erals u s e d ?
.

Nu m bers m ay be e xpr e ss e d in three w ays

1
( ) by w ords ; 2
( ) by fig u res ; ( )
3 by l e tt e rs .

40 . I n e ach of th es e thre e e x pr e ss you r age ; the

w ays
n um b e r of day s in a w e e k ; th e n u m b e r of m onths in a

e a r ; the n u m b e r of w e e k s in a y e ar ; t h e n u m b e r of
y
m i n u tes in an ho u r ; th e n u m b e r of ho u rs in a day ; thi s

p a g e of the book ; this y e ar the year in w h i ch yo u w er e

bo rn .
 D R I LL T AB LE 5

AD D IT ION

A dd i tion is th e proc e ss of u niting t w o or m ore n u m bers

into o n e n u m b e r .

W hat i s th e sign of add i ti on ? What is it call e d ? W hat

doe s it sho w ? W hat na m e is giv e n to the r e s ult in a d
diti on ?
A dd 2 to each n u m be r in th e diagra m A dd 1 ; 3 ; 4 .

5; 6 ; 7; 9 .

Fi nd t h e su m of th e n u m b e rs in th e di agra m Be gin .

ning w ith l ; 2 ; 3 ; 4 ; 5 ; 6 ; 7 ; 8 ; 9 add t he n u m be rs ,

in the di agram .

D RILL T ABLE

To e ac h n u m b er i n th e t abl e a dd
2; 3 ; 4 ; 5; 6 ; 7 ; 8 ; 9 ; 1 0 ; 1 1 ; 1 2 .

T o e ac h n u m be r a dd 1 0 ; 20 ; 30 ; 40 ; 50 ; 6 0 ; 70 ; 8 0 ; 9 0 .

Give th e su m o f e ac h n u m be r i n th e ta b l e a n d 8 7 T h u s, 8 7 46 ;
.

87 40 6 ; t hi nk 1 27, 1 33 ; say 1 33 .

Add o th er nu m be r s to th e nu m b e rs i n th e tab l e .

Fi n d th e su m O f c ol u m n A O f t h e o th e r c ol u m ns
. .

Fi nd t h e su m o f ro w 1 O f t he o ther ro w s
. .
 AD VANC E D A R I T H E T I C M
ADD ING T WO COLUMNS AT ONCE

F i nd the su m a dding both col u m ns at onc e

,

Th u s in n u m ber 1 : 1 1 22 31 35 4 5 52 6 4 , , , , , , .

Test by adding do w n .

1 . 12 2 . 15 3 . 10 5. 13 . 2O
7 4 6 6 10
10 8 12 10 15
4 12 15
9 10 7
11 4 9
6 5 10 30
5 7 12

7. 20 3. 8 9 . 1 0 . 30 1 2
. 25
8 4 8 10
7 12 2
15 10 5
11 16 12 16
10 5 15
9 4 10
5 20 0
0 7
12 30
1
0 3
10 6
1
« 20

Beginning wi th l ; 2; 3 ; 4 ; 5; 6 ; 7 ; 8 ; 9 ; 1 0 ; 1 1
1 2; 20 ; 21 add the n um bers in exampl e s 1 to 1 2
,
.

W hy are u ni ts w ritte n u nder u nits tens u nder tens , ,

e tc in adding n u m bers ?
.
,

NO T E . P u pi l s
hou ld be re qu ire d to p rove work
s i n fu nd ame ntal
p roc es se s u nt i l ac c u rac y b ec o m e s a h ab i t .
 WR I T T EN E X E R C ISE S

WRIT T E N E XE RCISE S
A. B C '
D E

1 . 28 5 3 74 56 2 1 34 6 58 Find th e su m of
2 . 49 7 56 3 69 7 8 78 46 9 each row ; of all the
rows ; of e ach 00 1
3 . 1 74 481 1 48 8 06 542
4 . 908 8 24 43 7 8 78 49 6 m m ; of all t he c ol

5 . 734 51 2 6 57 498 76 3 um u s .

’
A B C'
D E F

7. 8 89 + 9 + 9 00 + 60 + 8 75
a . 8 8 56 + 76 + 6 + 8 00 + 50
9 . 8 80 + 964 + 48 + 8 + 6 00
1 0 . 8 500 90 78 8 57 5
1 1 . $5 0 6 6
A dd and t e st :
1 . 29 2 . 784 3 . 8437 4 . 5 .

92 39 2 6 985 7
87 578 38 00
96 76 7 3749
69 58 2 4527
56 4 79 5873
80 71 3 6 734
82 427 84 72

6 . 7. 60 e. 8 9 . 8 1 0 . 8
08 9 . 26
. 05 4 09 67
. 47 76
. 29 8 . 08
35 84 7 . 76 29
. 87 2256
8 AD VANC E D M
AR I T H E T I C

PROBLE M S Wri tt ne

1 . F i nd the tot al area of t h e s e possess i ons of th e Unite d

S tate s : A laska s qu ar e m ile s ; Gu am 21 0 s qu are
, ,

m i l e s ; Ha w a i i 6 4 9 9 s q u are m i le s ; P anam a C anal Z on e

, ,

4 74 s qu are m iles ; P h ili ppin e I slands s qu a r e ,

m i les ; P orto R i co 34 35 s qu are m il e s ; and the T u tu i la

,

G rou p 77 s qu ar e m ile s
, .

2 . In one month Mr Blanchard paid fo r rent

.
,

for groc e ri es for provisions

, for m ilk , ,

for ice , for sho e s for cloth ing a n d , ,

for other e xpense s W hat w as the total ? .

T A B LE OF E LE C T R i C R A I LW A Y S i N THE UN1 T E D ST A T E S IN 1 908

3 .Find the total n u m b e r of com panies m iles Of track

u s e d ; cars operate d .

4 .T h ere are in th e Un i te d S tates 1 4 8 str e a ms w ith a

na v igable length of 5305 m il e s flo w ing into the A tlantic ,

54 w i th a navigable l e ngth of 76 41 m iles flo w ing i nto t h e

G u lf 53 wi th a n avigable l ength of
, m il e s flo w i ng
into th e Mississippi 2 w i th a n avigable l e ngth of 3 1 5
,

m iles flo w i ng into C anad i an w at e rs and 38 wi th a nav i ,

gabl e l e ngth Of 1 6 06 m iles flo w i ng into th e P acific F i nd .

the total n u m b e r of n av i gable stream s The total nu m .

b er O f m iles navigabl e .
10 AD VANC E D A R I T H M IC
ET

S olv e
5 . 76 6 . 59
7 .
— 19 67

9 . 27 55 36 1 0 . 48 36 39

1 1 . 1 29 1 2 . 73 — 25 + 4 6

1 3 . 92 36 57 1 4 . 55 38 46

1 s . 90 38 59 1 6 . 1 20 82 36

1 7 . 79 29 69 1 8 . 1 53 69 118

1 9 . 60 27 48 20 . 115 49 57

21 . 76 37 67 22 . 1 39 65 49

23 . 1 00 22 78 24 . 111 77 88

WRIT TE N E XE RCISE S
F i nd di fle re n ces, and t e st th e w ork

A B C D E F G

1 . 753 38 4 276 39 2 43 2 54 8 6 53
34 7 1 59 98 37 1 84 1 93 579

2 . 700 9 00 6 00 8 00 4 00 200 300

351 243 1 08 356 29 7 73 1 32

3 . 1 76 2 34 75 1 432 36 49 39 8 7 54 27 273 1
98 1 1 9 56 666 1 78 5 28 9 8 306 9 9 56

4 . 9000 8 000 3 000 1 000 7000 2000 6000

347 6 52 28 3 1 87 1 28 4 9 53 224 3

5 . How i s t h e m in u e n d fo u nd w h e n th e s u btrah e nd
and th e r e m aind e r ar e gi ve n
6 . How
is th e s ubtrah e nd fo u nd w he n the m i n u en d
and the re m a i n d e r a re giv e n ?
 P R OBLE M S 11

F ind t h e m issing te r m
M INU E N D SUB TB A BE ND R E NA a sB
-
M m UE ND SUB T nA ns ND R xm m m na

7 . 6 37 1 50 e .

9 . 325 1 87 1 0 .

11 . 4 76 232 1 2 .

1 3 . From 9 000 tak e 9; 9 00 ; 9 9 ; 9 09 ; 990 ; 9 99 .

S olve
1 4 . $ 1 29 37
.

1 6 . 8 $ 29 38.

1 3 .

20 . 8
22 .

PROBLE M S Wri tten

The height reached by an aviator is 79 1 2 fe e t
1 . .

T his is h o w m any fe e t m or e than a m i l e ( 528 0 fe e t ) ?

2 M t E ver est is
. . fe e t high Th is is ho w m u ch .

more than five m ile s

The are a of th e G r e at L akes in s qu are m il e s is S u p e r i or ,

H u ron Mich igan

, E ri e 9 9 6 0 , ,

O ntario 724 0 , .

W hat is the d i ffe r e nce in ar e a b e t w e en L ake S u p e rior

3 .

and each of the oth e r lakes ?

4 . H O W m any m ore s qu ar e m il e s in L ake H u ron than
in L ake O ntari o ?

5 . H o w m any
s qu are m il e s do e s L ak e Michigan lac k
of b eing e qu al in are a to L ak e H u ron ?
 AD VANC E D A R I T H E T I C M
6 The are a of L ak e E ri e a n d L ak e O n tario tog e th e r
.

i s h o w m any s qu are m i l e s l ess tha n t h e a re a O f L ake

M i ch iga n ?
7 . IVh at i s th e total are a of th e G re at L ak e s ?
8 . are a of I lli n o i s
T he , q u are
s m i l e s, i s h o w
m u ch g re at e r than t h e ar e a Of Ne w Y ork , s q u are
m il e s ?

9 . H o w m a n y m or e than 1 00 000 s q u are m il e s i s the

a r e a of bo th I lli no is and Ne w Y o rk ?

1 0A city has
. h o w m u ch m u st it borro w to
bu ild a c i ty hall to cost

1 1 . r e c e i pts and e x p e n ses of fi v e p ie c e s O f prop e rty

T he
f o r o n e y e ar w e re as follo w s : No 1 r e c e i pt s 8 300 e x .
, ,

p e ns es NO 2 r e c e i pt s $ 4 50 e x p e n se s
.
, ,

No 3 r e c e ipts $ 275 e xp e n se s
.
, , NO 4 rec e ipts .
,

$ 36 0 e xp e n ses
, No 5 r e c e ipts $ 540 e xp e n se s
.
, ,

F i n d ( 1 ) th e total r e c e i pts ; ( 2) th e tot al e x

p e n se s ; (3 ) t h e e x c e ss of t h e r e c e i pts o v e r the e x p e n se s ;
t h i s i s th e n e t i nco m e .

1 2 . total a re a of M a in e
The s q u ar e m i les Ne w
, ,

H a m p sh i r e 9 341 s q u ar e m il e s V e r m o n t 9 56 4 sq u ar e m il e s
M
, , , ,

as s ach u s e tts 8 26 6 sq u a re m i l e s R h od e I sl a n d 1 24 8
, , ,

s q u a r e m i le s and C onn e cti c u t 4 9 6 5 sq u are m il e s i s h o w

, , ,

m u ch l e s s th a n th e ar e a of C al i forn i a s qu a re ,

m i l es ?

M ULT IPLICAT ION Or a l

M u lt iplicati on i s th e proc e ss of co m bi n i ng se v e ral e q u al

n u m b e rs i nto o ne n u m b e r .

W hat is the s i g n of m ult ipl i cati on ? H o w is it r e a d ?

 WR I T T E N E X E R C ISE S 3

18 is the W h a t doe s it sho w ?

4 i s the What doe s it sho w ?
72 is th e W hat do e s it sho w ?
W hat is the prod u ct of :
1
( ) 7 ti m es 6? ( )
2 7 tim es 6 m en ? 3
( ) 7
ti m e s $ 6 ?
The prod u ct alw ays tak e s its n a m e fro m the
m ulti plicand .

W hat does the m ul tipl i e r al w ays sho w ?

W hat kind Of a n u m b e r m ust the m ultipli e r
al w ays be ?
M u lti ply each of th e n u m be rs in the diagra m
by 2; 3 ; 4 ; 5 ; 6 ; 7 ; 8 ; 9 ; 1 0 ; 1 1 ; 1 2 .

M ult i ply by 20 ; 30 ; 4 0 ; 50 ; 6 0 ; 70 ; 8 0; 90 .

Mul tiply by 1 0
10 60 20 70 50 30 80 40 90

M
ulti p l y by 20 ; 4 0 ; 6 0 ; 8 0 ; 30 ; 50 ; 70 ; 90
Ml ply
.

dri ll b le p age 5 b y 2; 3 ; 4 ; 5
M
ti t he n u m be rs i n th e ta on
'
u

6 ; 7; 8 ; 9 u l ti ply i n th is w ay : 8 ti me s 74
.
4: 8 ti m e s 70, + 8 ti m es 4
T h i nk 56 0, 3 9 , 592 .

WRIT TE N
M
E XE R CISE S
1 . u lt ply i by 1 8
56 .

56 Work in this m ulti plication m ay be teste d in

18 th r e e w ays
448 1
( ) y B m u ltiply i ng 1 8 by 56 56 t i m es . 18
56 1 008 .

1 008 S ince 1 008 i s th e prod u ct of th e tw o factor s 1 8

and 56 , 1 008 divided by e i th e r factor w ill giv e the oth er
fa c tor .

2 B
( ) y d i viding 1 008 by 18 . 1 008 18 56 .

3 B
( ) y di vid i ng 1 008 by 56 . 1 008 56 18 .
14 AD VANC E D A R I T H E T I C M
F ind prod u cts and te st ,

A B C 1) E F a
29 67 39 68 78 88 47
58 84 17 42 97 66 35

47 428 56 2 4 97 86 3 8 92 4 39
247 4 32 36 8 26 3 892 1 57 28 4

94 1 37 208 118 26 7 6 54 9 05

5 .

4 08 54 9 6 75 24 6 46 8 795 6 58

3 x 4 x 5= ? 4 x 5x 3 = ? 5x 3 x4= ? 5x 4 x 3= ?

D oes it m ak e a ny diff e re nc e in w h at ord e r n u m bers are

m u l ti pl i e d tog e th e r ?
F i nd t h e produ ct s e l e ct ing m u lt ipl i e rs to m ak e yo u r
,

w ork as e asy as pos si bl e

6 . 50 x 27 x 4 7 . 45 x 9 x 2
9 . 28 x 25 x 2 1 0 . x4 87 x 15
1 2 . 57 x 1 5x 4 1 3 . 65 x 20 x 5
1 5 . 96 x 8 x 5 1 6 . 1 50 x 37 x 2
1 8 . 72 x 75 x 2 1 9 . 28 x 25 x 4

21 . Find th e prod u ct Of 758 and

22 . M u lti ply by 4 037 .

'

23 . Mak e a table of th e r e su lts and m e m oriz e

11 x 11 16 x16 2l x 21
l 2x 1 2 17 xl7 22 x 22
13 x13 18 x l8 23 x 23
14 x l4 19 x 19 24 x 24
i 5x l5 20 x 20 25 x 25 :
 P R OB LE M S 15

Nam e the tw o e
q
u al factors of
24 . 4 9 16 25 36 49 64 81

25 . 1 00 4 00 1 21 36 1 441 1 44 324 484

26 . 225 6 25 1 96 256 576 1 69 28 9 529

NO T E . D ri ll h ou ld be giv en
s o n e x e rc i ses 23, 24, 25, a nd 26 , u ntil

p u p ils ca n g i ve re su l t s i ns tan tly .

PROBLE M S Wri tten

1 . Ho w m u ch w ill 4 8 ton s of hay co st at $ 23 a ton ?
2 . H o w m any gallons of Oil in 48 barrels of 4 2 gallons
e ach ?
3 . H o w m any
yards of cloth in 35 cas e s if e ach ca se
c onta i ns 72 p i ec e s of 28 yard s e ach ?

4 . H o w m u ch m u st be pa i d for 68 sh ee p at $ 5 e ach ,

a nd 2 co w s at $ 6 5 e ach ?
Mr C h as e l e ase s a hou se for 4 y e ars
5 . . at $ 4 5 a m onth .

What i s th e r e nt for th e e nt i r e t i m e ?

6 . I t took days for 27 1 4 m e n , w ork i ng 8 ho u rs a

’
d ay, to lay a w ater p i p e . This w as h o w m a n y ho u rs
l abor ?

7 . g athering h is crops Mr F i tch h i r es 4 m e n at

In , .

a day and 2 boys at a day H o w m u ch do e s .

he pay for labor i n 4 w e ek s ?

8 . An acr e of land contai n s s q u ar e fe e t . How
mu ch i s i t w orth a t 7 c e nt s a s qu ar e foot ?

9 . Ford m e lo ns a re sh i pp e d fro m C ol orado in

R ocky
crate s of 4 5 m e lons e ach 300 crate s to a car H o w m any ,
.

me lons in 8 carloads ?
16 AD VANC E D A R I T H E T I C M
CAS H ACCOUNT S

Al fred k ept a cash accou nt ; that is an acco un t o f ,

m on e y r e ceiv e d and paid o u t A t the top of t he l e ft

.

hand page of his cash book h e w rote R ec e ipts O n th i s .

page h e p u t do w n h o w m u ch h e had on hand and h o w

m u ch h e received A t th e top of the right hand page h e
.
-

w rote E xpenses O n th i s pag e he p u t do w n h o w m u ch he

.

pa i d o u t .

This w as his acco u nt for on e w eek

1 91 1 R E C E 1 PTs 1 91 1 E xp E NS E s

1 . H o w m u ch m on e y had he d u ring the we ek ?

2 . H o w m u ch di d h e sp e nd ?
3 . W hat w as the di fl e r e n c e bet w e en his r e c e ipts a nd

h is e x p e nses ?

4 W rite his acc ou nt for th e next w eek i n w h i ch he

.
,

o u t t w o la w ns one for 50 c e nts the oth e r for 6 0 c e nts ;

, ,

sold his rabbit for 40 c e n ts ; r e ceived 20 c e nts for r u nni ng

e rran ds and h is allo w anc e of 25 cents ; sp e nt 50 c e nts
,

at the circ u s 1 5 c e nts for p ean u ts 75 c e nts for a tra peze

, , ,

and 6 7 cents for a dog collar Use any date s b e t w e e n .

18 A D VANC E D A R I T H E T I C M
F ind the cost of
2 . 1 2 caps 252 3 . 28 yar ds of cloth 752
4 . 40 plate s 3742 5 . 72 b u shels of gra i n 8 7é 2
6 . 36 br u shes 3342 7 . 48 pairs of slippers 6 242

8 . 32 books 6 242 9 . 18 b ushel s of appl es !

1 0 . 30 pans 1 6 32 1 1 . 17 pairs of glov e s 50 2
1 2 . A t 75 cents a bag , w hat w ill 1 6 bags of flo u r cost
1 3 . Mrs . D odge bo u ght 1 6 yards Of dress goods at 6 242
a yard . H ow m u ch di d she pay

1 4 . H o w m u ch m u st be paid for 1 00 skeins of yarn at

1 242 e ach ?
At
1 5 . e ac h , h o w m u ch w ill 2 doz e n p iec e s of

sheet m u sic cost

Mak e and solve probl e m s base d on the follo w i ng
NUIIR RR A R TI L
or PR I EA H
C ES N CE A RT I L
or PR I C UII R RR o r C ES OR o r E ACH

1 6 . 24 50 ! 1 7. 60

1 8 . 32 751 1 9 . 64
20 . 40 8 742 21 . 48

22 . 54 1 6 42 23 . 40
24 . 27 3 352 -
25 . 56
26 . 15 50 2 27 . 14
28 . 18 8 352 -
29 . 12
30 . M u ltiply 36 by 50 .

1 00 t i m e s 36 = 36 00 .
4
50 i s of 1 00 . Th e n 50 ti m es
36 i s 4 of 1 00 t i m es 36 , or 1 8 00 Think . 36 , 3 6 00, 1 8 00 .

M ulti ply by 50 ; 25
31 . 48 32 64 52 40 80 60 28 72 84

32 . 24 20 36 76 68 56 44 88 90 60
 D R I LL IN D IV ISI ON 19

M
u lti ly by p 25 ; 50

33 . 8 16 32 40 56 64

M ultip ly by 334; 1 6 g; 50

6 1 2 24 18 48 30
'

34 .

D IVISION Ora l
D ivis i on is the process of findi ng h o w m any tim es one
n u m ber i s conta i n e d in anoth e r n u m ber or of findi ng one
,

o f the e qu al parts of a n u m ber .

W hat i s th e s ign of d i vis i on ? What do e s it sho w ?

W hat i s t he d i vi d e nd ? D i vi sor ? Q u oti e nt ?
W h e n 1 hat costs $ 3 h o w is the n u m ber that can be
,

b o u ght for 8324 fo u nd ?

W h e n 8 hats cost $ 24 ho w i s the cost of 1 fo und ?
,

H o w i s w ork i n d i vi s i on test e d
1
( ) W hen ther e is no re m ai nder ? I ll u strate w ith 54
d i vi d e d by 9 .

2
( ) W hen there is a re m ainder I ll u strate w ith 54
d i v ided by 5 .

D ivi de t h e n u m bers in the drill ta ble on page 5 by 2;

3 ; 4 ; 5; 6 ; 7 ; 8 ; 9 ; 1 0; 1 1 ; 1 2 .

DRILL IN DIV ISION Written

D iv i de 1 6 45 by 4 7 and test yo u r w ork .

35 Thi s d i v isi on m ay be t ested in tw o w ays

47 m 1
( ) y B fi n d i ng t h e prod u ct of 4 7 and 3 5
.

T h e r e s u lt e qu al s the d i v i dend .

2
( ) y B d i v i d i ng 1 6 45 by 3 5 T h.e r e s u l t is t h e di visor.

W h at is the divi dend w hen the qu oti e nt is 37 and the

d i v i sor 79 ?
20 A D VANC E D AR I T H M
E IC T

I . D ivide (short division ) each dividend in the ex

am ples b elo w by 2; 3 ; 4 ; 5 ; 6 ; 7 ; 8 ; 9 ; 1 0 ; 1 1 ; 1 2 .

II . S olv e
A B C’

735 32 502 28 8 73 1 23
936 27 753 -
I 45 9 27 204

4 38 19 8 20 33 6 24 1 57

675 28 908 26 738 -

z 236

8 76 37 6 27 -
s 35 8 75 352

36 4 7 56 3 76 0 -
z 59 9801 26 2

3579 42 56 42 97 56 24 371

8 24 6 73 274 6 78 9 000 26 8

1 357 45 8 400 -
z 36 56 28 53 7

Hp 9 24 6 -
z 56 5207 49 4 835 -
z 94 2

F 8 1 57 97 7000 73 276 4 1 27
-
-
z -
z

H o
g 4 321 39 74 6 5 58 64 08 -
z 8 09

Hp 8 9 01 64 8 400 86 376 9 54 3

Hg
-
5730 82 34 9 8 39 6 4 37 27 6

Hy 508 7 75 4 356 45 7500 3 24

a
-
z

Hm 64 -
z 352 4 27

Hs
I
87 6 54 6 09

s 96 -
z 326 34 7
l
s
-
w 52 74 2 46 5

no 48 56 4 8 57

oH
r H o w m any ti m es is 309 contain e d in
o
m “ By w hat m u st 2576 be d i vided to get a qu oti e nt of

46 ?
 SH OR T M
E H T O D S IN D I V I SI ON 21

23 . I n d i viding a n u mber by 9 , th e qu otient is 1 00 and

th e rem a i nder 7 . W hat is th e n u mbe r ?
24 .di vi di ng 1 24 7 by a c e rta i n n u m ber the qu otie nt
In ,

is 37 and the re m ainder 26 W hat i s the divisor ? .

25 W hat
. is the dividend w hen divisor and qu otien t
a re both 4 8
26 . W hat i s o ne of the 27 e qu al parts of 1 1 61 ?

27 . W hat i s 315 of 4 8 72
28 . Si xh u ndred e ighty fo u r is m ad e u p of three factors
-
.

T wo of the factors a re 9 and 1 9 W h a t is the third ? .

S HORT ME THOD S IN D IVIS ION Ora l

1 . H o w m any tim es i s 50 c e nts contained in 1 dollar ?
2 . 25 c e nt s is contain e d h o w m any ti m es in 1 dollar ?
In 50 c e nts ? I n 75 cents ?
3 . c e n ts is contain e d h o w m any ti m e s in
1 2% 1 dollar ?
In 50 c e n ts I n 25 cents ? I n 75 cents ?
4 . 334 c e nts is contai n e d h o w m any ti m e s in 1 dollar ?
5 . H o w m any ti m es is 1 63
L
c e nts
. co ntai ned in 1 doll a r
In 50 c e n ts ?
6 .D i v i d e $ 2 by 1 2% cents .

1 24 c e n ts i s contained ti m es in $ 1 ; in $ 2 it is con
ta i n e d ti m es .

U si ng a short m ethod divid e ,

7 .$38 by 252 8 by 252 . 9 . by 252

1 0 . $ 6 by 50 2 £1 . by 50 2 1 2 . by 50 2
1 3 . $4 by 14 . by 1 6 42 1 5 . by 1 64
12
3
1 6 .
$ 5 by 3342 1 7 . by 3 34 2 1 8 . $ 1 0 00 by 3 3 2
.
%

1 9 . $ 3 by 1 242 20 . by 1 242 21 . by 1 242

 PROBLE M S Or a l

1 . I have $ 1 2 . H o w m an y kniv e s can I b u y at 50 2

e ach ? 334 2 ? 1 242 ? 25 2 ?

2 . H o w m any handk e rch i e fs at 25 c e nts e ach can be

bo u ght for $ 2? $ 1 4? $6?
3 . H o w m any yards of crash at 1 24 c e nts a yard doe s
a b ill of $ 3 r e prese nt ? A b ill of $ 5?

4 . W h e n e ggs a re 252 a dozen a case costs ,

Ho w m any doz e n i n a case ?

5 A sh ip m e nt of pap e r costs $ 1 2
. . The rate is 1 2%
c e nts a po u nd W hat i s th e w ei ght ?
.

6 . At 1 6 3 c e nt s an ho u r a boy , w ork i ng on a farm

e arned 7. H o w m any ho u rs d id he w ork ?

A t 334 c e nts an ho u r his fath e r e arned $ 1 5

7 .
, . Ho w
many hou rs did he w ork ?

DIVIS OR S AND D IVIDE ND S E ND ING IN 0 Wri tte n

240 30 300 2000
sfa m
8
S olve
1 . 980 -
x 70 1 360 80 3 . 51 00 -
z 300
4 . 1 76 0 80 1 1 70 -
z 90 6 . 76 00 4 00

7 . 700 50 1 020 60 9 . 8 400 700

1 0 . 1 280 80 8 50 -
z 50 1 2 . 78 00 6 00
1 3 . 1 440 60 2700 90 1 5 . 900

1 6 . H o w m any hay in a car of po u nds ?

 PR OBLE MS 23

F ind the n u m b er of tons of fertili zer in

1 7 . lb . 1 8 . lb . 1 9 . lb .

20 . lb . 21 . lb . 22 . lb .

23 . lb . 24 . lb . 25 . lb .

PROBLE M S Wri tten

A t $ 1 5 a ton a b ill for hay
1 .
, w as $ 405 . H o w m any
tons w ere bo u ght ?

Mr Flagg sold 1 9 acres of land for $ 1 48 2

2 . . . Ho w
m u ch d i d he r e c e ive an acre ?

3 . T w enty e ight b u sh el s of oats w e re bo u ght

-
fo r
W hat w as the rate p e r b u sh e l ?
4 . At each , h o w m any books can be bo ught
fo r

W hen the divi sor con tains cents change ,

both divid e nd and di v isor to cents .

5 . A fr u it d e ale r paid $ 77 for oranges at a b ox .

H ow m any bo x e s did h e bu y ?

6 . A flor ist p u rchased l i ly b u lbs at each . H is

b ill w as H o w m any did he b u y ?
7 . H o w m any sleds at e ach does a b ill of
represent ?
8 . A sale of shovels at 8 5 cents each yi elded
H ow m an y w ere sold
’
9 . hard w are dealer s b ill for sa w s w as
A
If e ach sa w cost 8 7 cents h o w m any w er e b o u ght
,

10 . H o w m any peach trees at e ach c an be

b o u ght for
24 A D VANC E D A R I T H M IC
ET

1 1 . A m an a sked a day for h i s w ork o n a farm .

He re ce i v e d H o w m any d a y s di d h e w or k ?
1 2 . At per cord h o w m any cords of w ood can be
,

b o u ght for
R AT IO

1 . W hat i s th e relat i on of 24 to 6 ? 24 6, or 4 .

2 W ha t i s t h e r elat i on of 6 to 24 ? 6 24 or 4
.
, .

T he r e lat i on of o n e n u m b e r to anot he r i s the ir ra ti o .

R a ti o i s i nd i cat e d by t h e sign plac e d b e t w e e n th e t w o

nu m be r s or qu a n t i ti e s and is e qu i val e nt to the S i g n
,

Find th e rat i os
3 . 5 . 6 .

7 . 8 . 9 . 1 0 .

1 1 . 1 2 . 1 3 . 1 4 .

1 5 . 1 6 . 1 7 . 1 8 .

1 9 . 9 book s 63 books 20 . 56 days 7 d ays

21 . 8 dollars 72 doll a r s 22 . 4 0 b u sh e ls 5 b u sh e l s

23 . 27 day s 30 da ys 24 . 24 pencils 60 p e nc i ls
25 . 32 tr e e s
tre e s 80 26 27 c e n ts 4 5 cents .

27 5 day s to a w e e k
.
( S inc e only th i ngs.of t h e s a m e
k i n d can be co m par e d cha nge th e w e e k to days )
'

, .
.

28 3 days 2 w e eks
. 29 3 qu arts 1 gallon .

30 . 2 b u sh e ls 1 pe ck 31 . 27 inch es 1 yard
32 . 2 y e ars 1 m onth 33 . 6 fe e t 8 i nch e s
34 . 1 4 fee t
yard 1 35 30 m in u tes 2% ho u rs .

36 J a m e s b uys corn cak e s at t h e rat e of 3 for 5 c e nts

. .

Ho w m u ch doe s h e pay for a bo x of 6 0 ?

37 Mrs A rn old bo ught 1 2 qu arts of b e rrie s fo r
. .

7 5 c e nt s What w o u ld 4 qu arts cost at the sam e rat e ?

.
26 A D VANC E D A R I T H E T I C M
1 Th i s show s a blank receipt s u ch a s can be bo u ght a t
.

a ny stationery stor e C opy t he for m and fill in th e blanks

.

as yo u w o u ld i n givi ng a receipt to one of yo u r school

m a tes w h o hires yo u r cart for 50 cents .

2W rite
. a r e ceipt for $ 1 50 received for the sale of a
g ray horse .

3Su ppose that yo u o w n and rent a ho u se for $ 25 a

.

’
m onth W rite a re c e ipt for a m onth s r e nt
. .

4 . Yo u sold you r bicycle for W r i te th e receipt .

’
5 . W ri te a receipt for 3 m onths w ork on a farm at $ 20
p er m onth .

BILLS

ST L O UI S J uly 1 7, 1 9 1 0
M
. .
,

JA ES K . BR YA NT

Bo u ght of S T EVE N S W R I G HT

24 l b . S teak
3 14 lb H am .

4 C u c u m bers
6 2 box e s Be rries
e ck P e as
4 p

R e c e i ved pay m ent ,

S T E V E NS W R I G HT .

By Harp e r .

W h e n w ere the p u rchases m ade ? By w ho m ? From

w ho m ? C ost of each it e m ? A m o u nt of th e b i ll ?
W hat sho w s that th e b ll h as b e en paid
i ?

W as paym e nt m ad e d i re ctly to th e o w n e rs of the stor e

or to on e of th e ir cl e rks ?
 BI LLS 27

When a bill contai ns the w ords “

R e ceived pay m e nt
f ollo w ed by the signat u re of the seller or h is agent it is a ,

r ece
ip t .

There are tw o parties in a sale the debtor and th e

creditor .

The debtor is th e one w h o b uys he o w es so m ething .

The cr e ditor i s th e one wh o se lls ; h e is one to w hom

so m ething i s o w e d .

W ho is the debtor in the abov e b ill ? C reditor ?

1 . C om plete this bill
C LE V E LA ND J an , . 1 6, 1 9 1 1 .

M r G A R F I E LD S P A R KE R
. .

B o u gh t of TH E S T R O N G M A NUF A C TU R I N G CO .

200Ham m ers . 18
”
50 3 C h i sels
”
50 2 C his e ls
”
50 1 4 C h i s e ls

Notice that w hen the articles are all b o u ght at o ne

t i m e th e date of the b i ll is th e date of p u rchas e

, .

2 .The e qu ip m e nt fo r the s e w ing class w as : 4 dozen

p airs of sc i ssors at 20 cents e ach 4 doz e n m e as u r es at 2 ,

c e nts api ece 6 5— c e nt papers of ne edles 6 pap e rs of pi ns

, ,

a t 8 cent s e ach 1 00 spoo ls of thre ad at 3 c e n ts each a nd

, ,

’
2 do llar s w orth of cloth Mak e o u t th e b ill Buy e r t h e
. .
,

city i n w hi ch yo u l i ve S elle r yo u rself

.
, .

3 . A l i ce m ad ea dre s s u s i ng th e s e
, m ate ri als : 1 patter n
15 c e nts , 8 yards of gingha m 15 c e nts , 1 spool o f
28 AD VANC E D A R I T H E T I C M
thr e ad 5 cents 1 5 dozen b u ttons 1 0 cent s and
, , 5
yards of lac e 1 2 c e nts Mak e o u t the b i ll . .

4 .The boys of a bas eball n i n e bo u ght 4 bats

’
2 balls a c a tch e r s m ask for a n d 4 m itt s

Mak e o u t t he bill to th e tre a su re r o f th e cl ub .

They Shared th e cos t e q u ally H o w m u ch d i d e ach pay ? .

5 .I m agi ne that yo u are go i ng on a j o u r n ey and b u y

c olla rs sho e s a n d u m br e lla
, , Mak e o u t th e b ill . .

6 .Mak e o u t the b ill for thre e things yo u bu y for yo ur

m other from th e groc e r .

’
7 .Mak e o u t Mr C K A u sti n s m ilk bill for O ctob e r
. . .
,

s u ppo si ng that h e ta k e s 1 qu art a day at 8 c e nts a qu art ,

and d u ri ng th e m onth has 1 5qu ar ts of cream at 30 c e n ts

a qu a rt .

8 .T e n boy s a n d g i rl s a re going o n a p i cnic and one of ,

th e m i s sel e ct e d to b u y th i n gs th e y n e e d Mak e o u t the .

b ill for fou r things yo u th i nk h e w ill b u y .

9. Mak e o u t other b ills for good s p u rchas e d at di fi e r

ent stores u si ng th e prices g iv e n i n th e d a ily pap e r
, .

DICT AT ION E XE R CISE S

l 2 x 9 , + 2, + 1 1 , x 4, — 8, + 8 , x 9 , + 9 , + 5, + 10 .

54 + 6 , + 3, x 5, + 2, — 2, + 7, + 1 2, x 3, 7 .

— 3, x 6 , + 2, + 7, + 1 2, — 5, + 3, + 8 , x 2 .

1 6 x 4 , + 2, + 3, + 8 , + 5, x 7, — 6, + 9, + 1 1 , x 3 .

80 — 5, + 1 5, + 9 , x 2, + 4, + 8 , + 5, x 7,

+ 6, x 5, + 9, + 1 1 , + 9
3, + 5, x , — 1 2, + 8 .

+ 8, x 4, — 5 + 25 x 8, — 3
, , ,

x 4, + 2, — 6, x 9 , + 3, + 5, — 8 x 9, — 7 .
,

7 x 7, + 5, + 6 , x 3, 8, + 5, + 2, x 8, — 6, + 11 .
 MI CE
S LLANE O US P RO BLE M S 29

10 . 9 x 9 , — 6 , + 5, + 20, — 1 , x 8, + 9, x 2, + 1 1 , x5 .

1 1 . x 6 , + 3, -
9 .

1 2 .

1 3 .

1 4 .

1 5 .

Sim i la r exa mples shou ld be d ic tate d dai ly .

M
IS CE LLANE OUS PROBLE M S

1 . L ake O ntario is 234 fe e t above sea level L ak e E ri c ,

is 330 fe et higher than L ak e O ntario l a ke H ur on 1 0 fe e t

,

hi ghe r tha n L ak e E rie L ak e Michigan 4 feet highe r

,

than L ak e H u ron and L ake S u p e ri or 22 fee t high e r than

,

L ak e M i chigan H o w many fe e t abo ve sea level i s L ak e

.

S u p e rior ?
A leaf from the ti m e bo o k of M r Blak e a contractor
.
, ,

sho w i ng the n u m be r of ho u rs each e m ploye w orked e ach

day for a w e ek and the pay of each p e r ho u r
, .

2 .Find (1 ) the total n u m b e r of ho u rs e ach m an

w ork e d ; ( )
2 the w ag e s of eac h fo r the w e ek ; an d

3) t o ta l pay of all .
 M
A D VANC E D A R I T H E T I C
’
3 A pl u m ber receives 8 0 cents an ho u r for a day
. s

w ork of 8 ho u rs and do u bl e p ay for overt i m e

, H ow .

m u ch does he ear n i n a w eek w hen h e w orks 6 ho u rs

o ve rt i m e ?

4 . W hat are the average daily e arnings of a boy w h o

re ceiv e s and
i n one w e e k ?
5 . O n e s u it of clothes cost an d anoth e r t w ice

a s m u ch W hat did both cost

.

6 . T W O far m w agons cos t $ 50 O n e cost .

H o w m u ch did the oth e r cost ?

7 . W hat i s the co st of 8 plo w s at e ach ?

8 . H o w m any ch u rns at each can b e bo ug ht for

$ 1 08 ?

9 . cost $ 1 35 ; w hat is the pri c e of one ?

1 8 w atches
1 0 .W hat i s th e gain on a doz en cans of to m a toe s b o ught
at per dozen and sold at 1 5 c e nts apie ce ?
1 1 .W hen 75 po u nds of h am a re bo u ght for 24 c e nts a
po u nd for h o w m u ch m u st th e lot be sold to ga i n 4 cents
,

a po u nd ?

1 2 .W ith m on e y r e c e ive d by a w ill a m an bo u ght a

ho u se for $ 39 50 and 1 6 acre s of land at $ 1 25 an acre .

W hat w as th e a m o u nt of th e l e gacy ?

1 3
,
Mr Holt ra i se d 28 8 b u sh e l s of rye on 24 acr e s of
.

l and .A t th e sam e yi e ld p e r acr e h o w m any b u s h e ls di d

,

he ge t the n e xt year from a fi eld of 8 a cre s ?

1 4 .A d e al e r i n far m s u ppl i e s paid $ 6 75 for hay rak es

at each H o w m an y d id h e b u y
.

1 5 .A t anoth e r t im e he bo u ght 28 potato di ggers f o r

$ 56 7 H o w m u ch ap i ec e ?
.
 MI C E
S LLANE OUS P R OBLE M S 31

1 6 . I f he p aid apie ce for cotton planters an d

sol d th e m a t $ 25 each w hat w as h i s gain on 3 6 ?

,

1 7 . I n one m onth he m ad e $ 1 8 0 by b u y i ng disc c u lti ~

va t o rs at and s e lling a t H o w m any d id he sell ?

1 8 . At e ach , h o w m u ch w ill 24 um bre llas cost ?
19 . W hat is the cost of 1 5 tonsof coal at a ton ,

and 6 cords of w ood at a cord ?

SALE S IN A D E P AR T M
EN T ST O R E

Find
Total cash sal e s in e ach de partm ent for th e w e e k .

Total charg e sal e s in each d e part m e nt for the w eek .

Total cash sa les on each day of the w e e k .

Total charge sale s on e ach day of th e w e ek .

Total sal e s i n e ach d e partm en t for th e w e e k .

Total sal e s in all departm e nts for th e w e ek .

Total sales I n all de part m ents for e ac h day .

Total daily sal e s in all departm ents for the w eek .

32 A D VANC E D A R I T H E T I C M
21 . telep hone ren ta l is
A a m onth . W hat i s th e
ea rly r e ntal ?
y
22 .b u siness m an pays y e arly $ 36 for hi s offi c e t el e
A
phon e and $ 27 for his ho u se te l ephone H o w m u ch doe s
, .

h e pay e very m onth ?

23 . Bo x w ood 2 foot -
r u l es are bo u ght at 8 c e nts a nd sold
for 10 c e nts . Ho w m any m u st be sold to gain o ne dol lar ?
At
24 . a yard a pie ce of sil k cost , H ow
m any yards in the pi e ce ?
FACT OR S Ora l
1 . Nam e five n u m be rs betw een 1 0 and 1 00 and te ll
th e i r factors .

2 . W hat are the factor s of a n u m ber

A n u m ber th at can be se parate d into factors is a c o m
p o s i t e n u m ber .

3 . Nam e the com po site n u m b e rs belo w 26 ; be t w e e n

26 and 4 7 4 7 and 73 ; 73 and 1 00 .

A n u m ber that cannot be s e parated into factors is a

p r i m e n u m ber .

4 Nam e the pr i m e n u m bers belo w 25 ; be tw e e n 25

.

a n d 50 ; b e t w ee n 50 and 75 ; b e t w een 75 and 1 00 .

A pri m e nu m ber u s e d as a factor is a p ri m e factor .

5 Na m e the pri m e factors of 6 0

. .

We m ay thi nk o f 60 a s 6 x 1 0 T he pri m e fac tor s o f 6 are 2 an d

.

3 ; th e p ri m e f ac to rs of 1 0 a re 2 an d 5 ; th ere fo re the pri m e f etors,

fl

of 60 a re 2, 2, 3 , a nd 5 .

6 . Nam e th e prim e factors of

28 36 40 48 54 56 72 80 81 1 44
NO T E . Go i ng p i dly aro u n d the c la ss le t the pu p il s re c i te a s fo l
ra ,
.

low s : 1 i s a p ri m e nu m ber ; 2i s a pri m e nu m ber ; 3 i s a p ri m e nu m b e r ;

34 A D VANC E D A R I T H E T I C M
Nam e the gr e atest co m m on divisor of
z . 1 6 , 24 3 . 1 8 , 27 4 . 3 2, 4 0

6 . 4 2, 56 7 . 36 , 54 e . 35, 56

1 0 . 6, 8, 1 2 1 1 . 9 , 1 2, 1 5

1 3 . 1 2, 20, 30 1 4 . 6 , 1 5, 27

1 6 . 9 , 27, 4 5 1 7 . 1 2, 1 5, 24

1 9 . 1 8 , 24, 30 20 . 3 2, 4 8 , 6 0

22 . W hat is the greatest co m m on divisor

an d 90
When th e g c d i s not re ad ily f o und
'

. . .

b y i n spe c ti o n u se th i s m e th od ,
Arrange .

th e n u m be rs i n a ro w a n d su c c e ss i v e ly

8 1 4 1 5 di vi d e t he m by any n u m be r th a t w ill ex
ac tly d i v i d e al l o f th e m R e pe at the p ro
2x 3 = 6 the g c d
.

. . .
,
ce ss w i th th e re su l ti ng qu o ti e nt s Co nt i n u e .

t h e d i v i si o n u nti l th ere is n o nu m be r th at w i ll e x ac tly d i v i d e all o f

t he qu o ti e nts . Th e produ c t o f th e seve ral d i v is o rs i s the gre a te st
c o m m o n di v i so r . 2 an d 3 are c o m m o n d iv i sors o f a ll th e n u m be rs .

T h e i r prod uc t 6 i s the gre ate st c o m m o n d i visor o f th e nu m b e rs

, , .

Find the gre ate st co m m on divisor of

23 . 42, 6 3, 84 24 . 27, 6 3, 8 1 25 . 32, 6 4, 9 6
26 . 4 2, 70, 9 8 27 . 54, 72, 9 0 28 . 3 2, 56 , 8 4
29 . 35, 4 2, 9 1 30 . 8 4 , 9 6 , 1 44 31 . 36 , 54, 72

LE AS T COMMON MULT IPLE Or a l

A m u ltipl e of a n u m b e r i s a n u m b e r obtai n ed by u si n g
that nu m b e r a s a factor Th u s 2 4 6 8 1 0 etc are .
, , , , , , .
,

m u lt i pl e s of 2 .

1 . Na m e so m e m u ltipl e s of 3 .

2 . Na m e so m e m u lt iples of b oth 2 and 3 .

 USE OF SI GNS 35

S ince 6 1 2 1 8 are m ul tiples of both 2 and 3 they are

, , ,

com m on m u ltiples of 2 and 3 .

A n u m b e r that i s a m u ltipl e of t w o or m o re n um bers is

a co m m on m u lt i pl e of th e n u m bers .

The l e ast m u lti ple co m m on to t w o or m or e n um bers is

thei r l e as t co mm on m u lt i p le (l c . .

Na m e th e l e ast co m m on m u ltipl e of
3 . 7 and 8 4 . 4 a nd 10 5 . 6 and 9 6 . 8 and 6
8 and 12 9 and 12 10 and 15 1 2 and 1 5

M
7 . 8 . 9 . 1 0 .

t ter:
a

1 1 . F i nd th e least co m m on m u lt i ple of 8 , 1 0, and 12 .

Wh e n t he l east c om m on m u1 ti \

28 10 12 l i no t rea d i ly se e n u s e t h is
p e s ,

m e th od . i s

D i vi d e b y trunl be m
‘

2 5 3 a t he
n y
f ac to r c o m m o n t O tw o o r m o re o f
2X 2 X 2X 5 X 3 1 20
t he m Con ti n u e th e di v is i on o f th e
.

resu lt i n g q u oti e nts u nti l n o tw o o f t h e m h ave a c o m m o n f a c to r T he .

divis ors an d the rem ai ni ng qu o tie nts a re t he fac tors o f th e l east c o m

mon m u l ti pl e .

Find in the , e asi e st w ay possibl e the least co mm o n

,

m u lt i ple of

1 2 . 1 2, 28 1 3 . 1 8 , 24 1 4 . 1 6 , 20 1 5 . 20, 35
1 6 . 1 7 . 1 2, 1 6 , 20 18 . 1 5, 1 9 . 30
20 . 9 , 1 2, 1 5 21 . 1 2, 1 5, 1 8 22 . 1 6 , 20, 24 23 . 1 5, 1 8 , 24

US E OF S IGNS

O perations in ari th m e ti c a re i n d i ca t e d by s igns T h e .

signs m ost co m m o nly u se d a re x ,

W h e n seve ral op e rati ons a re ind i cat e d in th e sa m e e x

res ion op r t i ons indicated by x and re p e rfor m e d
p s e ,a a
36 AD VANC E D AR I T H M
E IC T

b efore Op e rations ind i cated by and Th u s in 8 , 6

x 2 fi rst m ultiply 6 by 2 and then add their p rod u ct to
, , 8 .

x
S olve
1 . 24 — 8 x 2 z . 3 . 20
4 . 5 . 1 2x 8 +4 6 . 1 2+ 8 x 4

7 . 9+3 x 2 e . 9 . 36

1 0 . 1 1 . 1 2 . 1 6 — 2x 2

1 3 . 2+ 3 + 4 x 5 1 4 . 2x 3 + 4 x 5

1 5 . 2x 3 x 4+5 1 6 .

1 7 . 18 — 3+3 x2 1 8 . 7 x 2+ 2l + 3
1 9 . 24 + 3 x 9 — 3 — 9+ 3 x 2

21 .
— 2 22 . 18 + 9 +3 x 2

23 . W hich is larger , 10 10 10 or 10 10 1 0?

24 . S ho w that 42 6 7 is e qu al to 42 7 x 4 .

25 . W ha t is the val u e of 4 x x 7

26 . W hat is the su m of 66 + 6 5 and 6 6 5 x 1 0?

27 . W ha t is the prod u ct of 8 56 8 and 56 1 2 x 4?

28 . H o w m any ti m es is 32 8 5 contained in 32
8 x5
CANCELLAT ION

1 . D i v i d e 7 x 8 x 1 2 by 4 x 6 .

2 2

2 . W hat factors a re comm o n to b oth divi dend and

d iv i sor
3 . tr ik ing o u t or canc e ling e qu al factors from
D oes s

both div i d e nd and d i visor a ff ect the qu otient

 D R I LL E X E RC I SE 7

D i vid e
r 1 2 x 1 0 x 9 by 4 x 5
»
s 24 x 1 5 x 6 by 8 x 5 x 3

»
s 1 4 x 20 x 6 by 7 x 1 0 x 2

s 1 8 x 6 0 x 1 5 by 9 x 5 x 20

9
0
1 5 x 44 x 1 8 by 22 x 5 x 9

9 36 x 32 x 1 6 by 24 x 3 x 8

1 0 . 6 4 x 35 x 42 x 40 by 8 x 56 x 1 2 x 1 0

1 1 . 72 x 8 1 x 45 x 28 by 9 0 x 1 44 x 6 3

1 00 x 75 x 50 x 17 48 x 36 x 24 21 1 20
1 3 1 4
1 50 x 25 x 4 1 728 4 752

DRILL E XE RCIS E IN RAPID AD D IT ION AND S UBT RACT ION

7 13 4 21 11
38 A D VANC E D A R I T H E T I C M
FRACT IONS

A u nit is a single thing ; as 1 apple .

A fraction is o ne or m or e of th e e qu al p arts of a u n i t ;
as of an apple .

4 O
f an appl e m e ans that an apple has been divi d e d i nt o
4 e qu al parts and 3 of th e se parts tak en .

I n a fracti on
(1) fig
T he u r e b e lo w t h e lin e is the deno m i n ato r ; it
d e nom i nate s or nam e s th e n u m ber of e qu al parts i nto ,

w h i ch th e u nit is divide d ; it i s th e na m er .

2
( ) The fig u re abov e t h e l i ne is the n u m e rator ; i t
n u m erates or t e lls th e n u m b e r of parts tak en ; i t i s the
n u m ber e r .

T h e n u m e rator an d d e no m inator are the te rm s of the

fraction .

1 . In th e fraction
1W hat is the 6 calle d ? W hat does it Sho w ?
( )
2
( ) W hat is the 5 call e d ? W hat do e s it sho w ?
3
( ) W hat does the fract i on 3 Sho w ?

2 R ead alo u d and tell Wha t the term s of each fraction

.

Sho w

5 5
1 2 i t it
$3 4

g of an acre 2 b u .
$8 94
5yd .

CHANGING T HE FORM OF FRACT IONS Oral

1 . Which do you pre fer 3 of a dollar or 4 of a dol lar
,

g of a po u nd of candy or 4 of a po u nd of candy

2 A re 4 and 4 alike i n form ? Are they alike

. in
v alu e
 C HANG I NG T O H I GH E R TER M S 39

Are and flalik e in val u e I n form ?

How m any e qu al parts i n of a dollar

H o w m any e qu al p a rts in g of a dollar
W h at i s t he siz e of the e qu al p arts i n 2of a dollar
W hat is th e size of the e qu al parts in g of a dollar
8 . A re 8 ths of a dollar larg e r or s m aller than 4 ths of a

dollar
I n g of a doll a r there are t w ic e as m any e qu al parts as
in 2of a dollar b u t th e e qu al parts ar e only o ne half as
«

large .

I n 2of a dollar ther e are one half a s m an y e qu al part s

4

as in g of a dollar b u t the e qu al par ts a re t w ic e as larg e

, .

The for m of a fracti on m ay be change d w itho u t cha ng

ing i ts v al u e
1 B m u ltiplying both t e rm s of the fraction b y th e
( ) y
sam e n u m ber .

3 x 2 6
Th u s ,
4 x 2 8

This is c hangi ng to hi gher ter ms .

2 B
( ) y d ivi ding b oth ter m s of the fraction b y t he sam e
n um ber .

3
Th u s ,
4

This is c hanging to low er te rm s .

CHANGING T O HIGHER T ERM S

1 . Ch an g e 3 to tw e nty f ou rth s -
.

T o ge t 24 a s th e de no mi nato r we m u l ti ply th e de
3 x 3 9
,

no m m a to r b y 3 In ord er no t to c h an ge the v al u e
.

8 X 3 24 o f th e f rac ti on we al so m u l tiply the nu m e ra to r by 3 .

,
40 AD VANC E D A R I T H E T I C M
To c ha nge a f ra cti on to hig her ter ms, m u ltip ly both te rms

f
o the f r a c tion by tha t n u m be r w hi ch wi ll gi ve the r e u i red
q
den om i n a tor .

2 . C h a nge to 1 2ths : i i g t

3 . C hange to 1 8ths : } a g g 4 t

C hange to 24ths : g i J
4 .
g 2 a t

5 . C hange to 3 s
2 d :
3 15
3

6 . C hange to 36 th s : {g 3 {g g i 3 i 4
1

—
C hange to 4 0t s : 2 0 1 6 { g
h
Z
7. 3 1 r ‘

CHANGING T O LOWE ST T E RM S

to its lo w e st te r m s
1 . J h a ng e fl »
.

D ivi d iu g b o th te rm s of H b y 2 w e 24
24 2 12 3 4
g e t H ; d i v i di ng b oth te rm s o f H b y 3 o
3 9
C) 0
54 a . 7 w e get 3
.

4
We c an c h a nge the f rac ti on m ore qu ic k ly by
di vid i ng b oth te rms by th eir grea tes t c om m on
54 6 9 fac to r 6 .
,

A fraction is in i ts lo w e st t e rm s w hen its n um era tor a nd

de no m i nator have no co m m on factor .

C hange to lo w est t e r m s
i t i t i t z t 3 0 $8 i i i t i t
i ‘
8 '

3 o
lt fl i t i i
= it i t i t
-

ti t% ti i ? i i H i t i t i t
Wr i tten
5 . 6 .
$3
4
7.
g; 8 . 9 .
33
1 0 .
5g 11 .
5g 1 2 .
eg . 1 3 .
52 1 4 .
1
33
29 6
1 5 . 1 7 . 1 8 .

20 .
96
11 ; 21 . 22 .
y; 23 .
gg 24 .
fig
25 .
is as . 27 .
is 28
as. 29 .
as
42 A D VANC E D A R I T H E T I C M
5 . C hange 4gto an i m pr oper fraction .

Tell h o w to change a w hole or m i xed n um be r to an

im prop e r fraction .

C hange to i m proper fractions

6 . 24 7 . 8 . 29 9 . lg 1 0 . 7g 11 . 93
84 1 3 . 7g 1 4 . 5,3U3 1 5 . 63 5 7 1 6 . Bi g 1 7 . 4 216

Wri tten
1 65 1 9 . 1 5; 20 . 1 8§ 21 . 22 . 1 7}

23 . 243 24 . 1 9§ 25 . 26 % 26 . 27 . 20;

28 . 3 25 29 . 48 3 30 . 6 71 6 1 31 . 3 71 1 6 32 . 271 2
5

33 . 45 7
1 2
34 . 4 3
2 8
1
35 . 551 if
1 ? 36 . 2944 37 .

RE VIE W E xE R CIS E Ora l

C hange
1 . 1 , 2, 3, 4, 5 to fractions w ith 8 for a

d e no m i nator .

2 . W hat are s u ch fractions called

3 . Na me fi ve fraction s each e qu al to 1 .

Nam e five fraction s e ach e qu al to g

4 . .

5 . h
Na m e all t e fractions e qu al to 3 3 having
1 tw o
fig u re s in th e deno m i nator .

6 . C hange to lo w est t e rm s } fig 53 i ;
3 g 44 4

9
53 i t i t i t i t 35 i f “
93
7 . W hen is a frac ti on i n i ts lo w est term s ?
8 . Ch an ge to 20th s :
% fb
‘ ’ 6
71 6 H 23 25
1 06
9 . C hange to 1 00ths :
1
1; i
t
3
4 7
1 0
‘ 9
20 Hs if }
i .

1 0 . C hanged to m ixe d n u m b e rs : 2
} 27
3
4 0
7
. 58
3
.

fi ,

1 1 . C hange to i m proper fract i ons : 3% 53 7g 8 4 1

51 ,
5
 A D D I T I ON O F F R A C T I ONS 43

ADDIT ION OF FRACT IONS Ora l

’
1 C o u n t by 5s to
. 6 . 2. C o unt by l f s to 15 .

Th u s 1 1 g etc
, , , .

’
3 . C o u nt by to 30 . 4 . Co u nt by 1 s to 3 .

’
5 . C o u nt by l i s to 1 5 . 6 . C o u nt by 2¥ s to 27 .

’ ’
7 . C o u nt by 5s to 4 . 8 . C o u nt by 1 § s to 1 6 .

’
9 . C o u nt by 25s to 28 .

1 0 . W hat change m u st be m ade before i can be added

to W hy ?
11 Ad d t l i i 51 6 tm 1 2 1 6
1 2
1 6
1 1

12 Add t t m t 8 t 3 t 1 15 1 52 1 1 5
1 3 ~ A d d l t m 1
i t 1 5 1 2 it
5 5
1 6 it
1 4 .
1
A dd gto : 1 5 1 5 3 6 1 5 1 55 915 235 it
3
- 1 1

Add
15 . 1; 1 6 . 2g 1 8 . 2;
3; 14 Si
2;
it
go . 2% 21 . 1 3 23 . 4g
23 3%
2g
3 63

Wri tten
25 . A dd g , and

;
d

2
c .

é T he l e ast c om m o n m u l
t ipl e of th e d e n o m i n a to r s
33 4 “

4 5 an d 1 2 i s 6 0
, , E xpre ss .

. 5
1 2 if . gg
, , and 5 as
I, 6 0th s .

it Li t
A l w ays change the fract i on in the ans w er to its lo w est
te r m s .
44 A D VANC E D A R I T H E T I C M
To a dd f r a cti on s, c ha ng e the f r a c ti on s to u i va lent f r ac~
e
q
ti ons ha vi ng a c om m on d en omi na tor , a nd wri te the su m of the

nu mer a tors over the c omm on denom in a tor .

S olve
26 .
a+ 5 28 .

34 36 .
{5
2
4 -

3
38 .
{a 5
} 40 .

42 .
3
7
;
44 .
{g {g 45 .

7
46 .
1 .
47
e r i
+ + + a
49

so . 51 .

52 . 53 .

54 . 55 .

ADDIT ION OF Mx I ED NUMBE RS Wri tten

1 . A dd 8 3 a n d
c . d .
94
C h a n gi n g 2
4
a nd 3
4
to si m i a rl
frac ti o n s, w e ge t 32a nd 9
51 .

23 29 I 9
.
£2 9
2; H Wri te the
a nd a dd 1 to t h e u n i ts .

S olv e
2 . 21 52 .

32 3 . 23 84 4 . 33 71 2
5 5 . 51 6
3 71 - -
3
5

6 . 73 3
4 56 9
7 . 63 91 5
8 . 5g 4g 9 . eg 71 7
2

71 2
5 81 4
3
1 1 ° 81 3
6
81 5
7 1 2 . 1 3 . 5g 2;

4g 54 1 5 . 6 57 3
4
1 6 . 8g 61 6 1 1 7 . 91 3 4

$5 $ 31 1 351 8 25
9 1 9 44 73 83
6
.

1 5§ 203 1
1 2
0, g 21 . 1 2?i a; 21 1 5 4g
23 1 05 1 55
;
4
r 23 . 1 4+ 64
 P R O B LE M S 45

D RILL E X E R CISE

A B

1 5
1 2 i“ ?
2 i + t
3 .

m
5 °

i
l
6
fi + §g ‘
l rz
‘

{He d l

7 3i + 3i 4§ + 5t

8 l% + 7
3i z 52+ 4 1 16
‘

33 3
4 51 ; -

9 ° 31 2 +
5 41 1
5
z i + 5t 21 0 ? s
9 “

10 1 §v + fi
6z z Gt + 3i t 4fi + 2fi

PROBLE M S Or a l a nd Wri tten

1 J am es sold } of a bo x of corncakes one day a n d i
. 1

of a bo x the ne xt What part of a bo x on both days ?

.

2The c ha rge for o ne telephone m essage w as

. and
for another $ i What part of a dollar did both cos t ?
M Jenkins canned g of a crate of bl eberries on
.

3 . rs . u

T u esday and i of a crate on W e dnesday . H o w m any

crates did she can in all ?
4Henry w alked 1 5 m iles in going to school
.
, of a
m ile on an errand and 2% m iles in the w oods , . Ho w
m any m iles in all ?
5 . Su sie bou ght of a dozen oranges Mary {5 of a ,

d ozen , and H a r ri e t i of a dozen W hat.part of a dozen

did they all bu y ?

6 . H o w m u ch m u st I pay for a pair of sho e s at a

p air of r u bbers at and a r u bber coat at $ 53?
46 A D VAN C E D A RI TH MT IC E

7 C hester p u t in his barn an electric bell to be r u n g

.

f ro m the hou se The bel l cost the w ire $ i the bat

.
,

1
t e ry $ 5 and the bu tto n $ 1 3
3 H o w m u ch did h e pay fo r .

m aterials ?
8 . L ast year M tone
r. S u sed 53 cords of w ood a n d ,

t hisyear 1 % cords m ore How . m any cords this year ?

H o w m a n y cords in both years ?

S UBT RACTI ON OF FRACT I ONS

s Tak e gf ro m : 1 i s i 34 i 9
1 6
9 i

e
g T ak e i fro m : 1 5 3 £ 12 H
‘ 5 5
1 3
“ ‘ ‘

a
s T ak e i fro m : 1 t i 1 2 {i 1 5 i t i t
7 1

Tak e gfro m : 1 3
T E {5 {fi 5 1;
I 1 7 3
H
s
e - .

6 9 0

m From 1 0 take

t t 7
1 6 1 g
5 It Qt 3% 3 3 49 65 °

6 . Su btract {U f ro m
g .

0. d . 30

g H t
E xp re ss -

5a nd 1 16 a s sim i lar frac tions fl .

3
fir ; fir 2
1 5

‘ 3
t a 1 5
To su btra ct f ra c ti on s, ha nge the f ra cti ons to e u i va le nt
c
q
f ra c ti ons ha vi ng a c omm on den omin a tor, a nd wr i te the dif

f e r e nc e of the nu m er a tors o ver the common den o mi n a tor .

Solve Wr i tte n
— _
7 .
g g e .
g 9 1 0 .
g 5
§ I

1 1 .
g 15
3 1 2 .
76
9 1 3 . 1 4 .
g
— ’ f —
1 5 .
g g 1 6 .
g fo 1 7 .
g 1 8 .
{a g s

i t 1; 7
3 5 I
1 9
t 6
“ “
30 ° 21 ”

1 2
22 °
TE
1
26
9 — 5 — —
23 .
g .
24 .
1 6 1 9
sa
g 5
1 5
26 .
{f i 1
1 8
 P R OB LE M S 47

S UBT RACT ION OF M IXE D NU M BERS Wri tten

2
1 . Su btract 38 from 8 1 3
6
.

E xp ress i ng the frac tions 1 5; and Q

0 d 30
.

as si m i ar fra c tio ns we get fl; an d

l ,

81 0
3 “
83 0 9 738 - -

gg .S i n c e fl c an n o t be ta k e n f ro m
3% 338 ,
it w:e t a k e 1 f ro m t he 8 e xpress i t as ,

H a nd a d d i t to th e 3 m ak i ng £ 3
4 1 75 3 5, .
,

a — =
a a ra
. e .

Solve

2 . 1 65 ea 3 . 1 2,I 1
3g 4 . s,
5 . 1 53 33 e . 1 2; 83 7 . 1 7} st
8 . 9 . 2g 61
- 5

1 4

1 7
. 1 0; — {fl

Which is the shorter distance 3 of a

1 5 . 1 01 7,y 16 .

m ile
16 ;
or
1 4g

of a
.
,

mile H o w m u chshorter ?
18 . What m u st be taken fro m 4 % to leave 2g?
1 9 . Wh at m u st b e added to 5g to m ake 1 2g?
$ 1 94 is h o w m u ch m ore than
»

21 C hange i }
. a nd
$3 to low est te rm s an d fi nd their
d iff erence .

PROBLE M S Oral and Wri tten

1 A
. fter se l ling 5
1 6
of a far m w hat part is left ? ,

2 R alph picked g of a p e ek of cherries He sold 5o f

. .

a p e e k W hat
. part of a p e e k had he then
I sabel h ad
3 . She bo u ght a b elt for it} . Wha t
part of a dolla r h ad she l eft
4 . What part of a dollar di d John lose by selling fo r
a k nife w hich cost
48 A D VAN C E D A RI TH MT IC
E

R oy earned $ l i and spent

5 . W hat part of a

d ollar had he left ?

’
6One half of Mr A rbi n s land is a vegetable garden
. .
,

i is a flo w er garden and the

, rest is in la w n W hat part .

in la w n
7 A fter selling of a b u shel an d Q of a b u shel w hat
.
,

i s left of a barrel of apples (2%

8 . Gladys is 1 2% years old and her sister is
, 25years

yo u nger . What is the sister s age ?

’

9 One fou rth of a farm is in pastu re

.
, in grass , an d

th e r est in grain What part in grain ?

.

1 0. Harry earned $ 3 a w eek for 5 w eeks He then .

bo u gh t a s u it for H o w m u ch had he left ?

DRILL EXERCI S E Ora l or Wri tten

PROBLE MS Or a l a nd Wr i tten
1 A kerosene can holds 5gallons
. . H o w m u ch is left
a fter 1 gallons have been dra n
3 w
50 A D VAN C E D A R IT H M E T IC

1 4 C o ffe e is sold for 38 cents a po u nd

. . The gain is
Si ce n ts What w as the cost ?
.

MULT IPLICAT ION OF FRACT I ONS

1 . 6 ti m es 3 apples 2 . 6 ti mes 3 seve nths

6 x 1 &
3 .
g 7

R e m e m ber that the denom inator si m ply nam es th e

f raction .

Solve
4 . 7x i 5 . 6 x§ 6 . 5x i 7 . 8 x 3
8 . 4 x$ 9 . 10x§ 1 0 . 4 xg 20 x §
m . 8 x% m . 7x g u . 6 xg w . 8 x§

1 6 . 7 x§ 1 7 . 6 x }1 1 3 . 7x§ 1 9 . 1 2x §

20 . 5x 3 21 . lox g 22 . 7xg 23 . 16 xg

Written
24 . 15x Q 25 . 29 x 3
1
.
26 . 20 x s
} 27 . 17x 5
1 5

23 . 28 x§ 29 . 25 n 30 . 24 x 1 31 31 . 24 x §
32 . 18 x§ 33 . 27 x 1 3
g
34 . 45 x ; 35 . 37 x 33
36 . 11 5
x ; i
37 . 32 x 1 3; 38 . 27 x g 39 . 35 x -
g
ig

1 4 x% 25 x 3 , 5 40 x i f 43 x g
'

40 . 41 . 42 . 43 .

MULT IPLYING A WHOLE NUMBE R BY A F RACT ION Ora l

1 Find 2x 4 0
.
1
.

I n the e xpression g x 8 the sign x is e q u ival ent to th e

”
w ord of .

Find
e .
% x 24 3 .
3 x 4 2 4 .
5 x
31
33 5 .
g x 27

6 .
§ x 18 7 .
$ x 84 8 .
g x 72 9 .
—fi
l g
x 1 44

1 0 .
§ x 50 1 1 .
3 x 56 1 2 .
% x 6 3 1 3 .
g x 54
 M U LT I PLYI N G A F RA C T I O N BY A F RA C T I O N 51

Fin ding a fractional part Of a nu m ber is called m u ltiply

ing by a fraction .

1 4 .
g x 8

§ 0f 8 = 1 51 = 3

1 5 .
3 x 7 16 .
g x 5 1 7.
g x 8 18 .
3 x 11
1 9 .
§ x 9 20 .
3
J
x 3 21 . «
3 x 4 22 .
3 x 8
23 .
§ x 6 24 .
3 x 8 25 .
8 x
1 1
9 26 .
3 x 9
27 .
% X 7 28 .
1 6
3
x 7 29 .
{ 5 x 5 30 .
3 x 7
31 .
3 x 6 32 .
fi x Q 33 .
{2 x 1 1 34 .
% X 4

Wri tten
3 x 45 36 .
3 x 25 37 .
§ x 19 33 .
3 x 32
39 .
3 x 1 9 40 .
3 x 1 5 41 .
{5 x 4 0 42 .
3
1
x 3 7
.
g
-

x 2 3 3 x 3 0 45 .
{6 x 3 9 46 .
{5 x 4 1
47 .
3 x 4 5 43 .
3 x 5 0 49 .
g x
. 5 3 50 .
g x 6 4

51 .
5 x 8 1 52 .
1 x
1 5
71 53 .
{ 1
x 8 0 54 .
1 x 83
{6
MULT IPLYING A FRACT ION BY A FRACT ION

2 3
Of of
3 days
2 .
§ §
1 3 1
3 Of i —
l
l l
3 days day
2 3 2
f
3 ? 0 1

3 days days
If in finding the prod u ct O f g x Q the n u m erators are ,

m u ltiplied together for a ne w n u m erator and the de n o m i ,

nat o rs m u ltiplied together for a ne w deno m inator the ,

sam e res u lt is Obtained as i n the process j u st describe d .

2x 3 6 2
2
( )
2
x 3 2
3 x7 21 7 3 7 7
52 A DVAN C E D A R I T H M E T I C

To mu ltip ly a f ra c ti on by a f ra ction , wr i te the p rodu c t of

the n u mera tors over the p ro du ct of the denomi na tors, ca nceli ng

when p ossi ble .

This r ule applies to all c as es of m u ltiplication in fraction s ,

for every w hole n u m ber m ay be w ritten as a fraction w it h

1 for its deno m inator x 1 5 m ay be w ritten 3 x 1
.
1 5
,

Solve
3
3 .
g fi x 4 . 5 .
3 ; x % % X

7 .
g fi
x 8 .
% % x 9 .
4 4
x 1 0 .
% %
X

u .
§ %3
x x fi -

1 3 .
g fi
x r 1 4 .
i tf
x

1 5 .
§ g§
x 1 6
%% i
. x 1 7 .
g gg
x .
s tt
x

am
-

f fi fix 21 .
g f;
x 22 .
{ fl i
t
3 ’
23 .
§ x 35 24 g x
.
fi 26 .
f rzs
x

27 . 23 x 33
3

28 . 2} x 2} 29 . 33 x 1 % 30 . 33 x 43 31 . 2i ’
d b
i 1
32 . 53 x 43 33 . 5} x 1 g 34 . 1§ x 2§ 35 . 1—9 x
1 5
-

fi
5§ x 1 3 33 x 41; 38 . 5} x 1 § 39 . 4 3 x 23
-

;
4c . 3} x 23 41 . 5; x 1 1
} 42 . 55x 1 % 43 . 4g x 2}
- 5 x
7
4g 45 . 1 % x 51 -
46 . 33 x 21} 47 . 29 x 5i
48 . M u ltiply 3? by 6 . 49 . M u ltiply 6 by 32 .

33 6
6
if
i
- -
X 6
18 =6 x3 18 = 3 x6
eeg 224
 D R I LL E X E RC I SE S 53

I n mu ltiplying a m ix ed n u m ber by a W hole n u mber or ,

a w hole n u m ber by a m i x ed n u m ber w e m a y m u ltiply ,

w i t ho u t cha nging the m i x ed n u m ber to an i m proper frac

t io n .

Gi v e prod u c ts at sight
50 . 4 x 51 . 6% x 3 52 . 3 x 23 53 . 1 } x 7

54 . 5x 13 . l gx 4 56 . 4 x 1 ; 57 . 1 gx 4

58 . 6 x 23 4
. 2g x 3 so . 2 x 2% 61 . 1% x3

Wri tten
Fi n d
. 5 x 3§ 1 2§ x 5 . 9 x 8g 65 x 1 2

1 2 x 3g 8§ x 1 0 . 8 x 52 69 1 3} x 9 4

. 1 4g x 1 6 . 13 x 6g 73 1 4 3 x 22

1 5 x 22§ 203 x 1 2 . 7 x 1 63 77 1 23 x 1 8

4 0 x 1 4i . 1 sg x es . 24 x 1 5g 81 . 81 5
1 2 x 84

D R ILL E XE RCIS E S Ora l an d Wri tten

of g w w
w of w
6
i
v
n
U
-

of fl
o
of }; 5
1 3 fl
o
of 8

of P of g w
w m of g
—
.
« fl
- -

’
9 b
s
-
of 27 u
Of -
’
‘
t
a h
O
b
No-
l

h m Of 9
25
l l l

o e z e
l
O
! c e a
c

of u
w m a
l s

s
'

b
-
a
c
12 l

a
of - b
a
OH
a
b

u
n
-
h
o
w Ha
: of
w m
of 11 1 1
—
t

a b 4 s
fl of a
-
a

of OP
4 a
w
—
l . ! l

4
o
c a 3 d H
‘
$
o
o

w g
of m m 15
‘
o
l
»
m of 20 of 3i ‘ ‘

O
b
l
l
h
w
l o
o
of
m of m 5
of 2 1
w “
of 21 F
M Of
a o

33
» k
OH t o
- s o
u
1 o

w Of 11 u
Of
w of 1 w of 1
s

F
T i)
-
|
.

s
N
s

e -

a
r
«
of 15 R
«
of 4 Wof 7 m I
‘
-
v M
HN 0 b- 2
2
r
1

1 2
5
Of
33 Tt
i
of
tih fi of
tl w !
“ t»
e
w H
of g
54 AD VAN C E D A R I T H M E T I C

PROBLE MS Or a l an d Wri tten

1 . Ho w m u ch m u st be paid for 5of a po u nd of steak
at a po u nd ?
3 2 cents
2 H o w m any days in g of the m onth of Septe m ber ?
.

3 A chair cost $ 1 2 and a table 2g tim es as m u ch

. .

H o w m u ch did the table cost ?

4 Mabel had $ fi She spent of it for a D u tch collar
. . .

What part of a dollar di d the collar cost ?

5 A street vender bo u ght 2% b u shels of chestn u ts
.
,

and sold gat once What q u antity did he sell ?

4
.

6 A m a n earns $ 22a day ; h o w m u ch in a w eek ?

. .

7 A farm er planted 3% acres to corn and I i ti m es as

.

m any acres to potatoes H o w m any acres to potatoes ?

.

8 A dress m ake r charged $ 57; for her labor and Q as

.
1
,

m u ch for tri mm ings H o w m u ch for both ?

.

9 The fram es for m y eyeglasses cost

. and each
o f the lenses What w as the total cost ?
1 0 A fter selling { of a barrel of vinegar (31 % gallo ns)
.
a
,

h o w m any gallons has the grocer left ?

D IVISION OF R
F ACT I ONS
6 2 6 2
2 .

apples apples seven ths sevenths

4
g
D
O .

U 6 .

I
N C h an ge to li k e f ractio ns
.

é 21 + 1 2= 1%

A ny n u m ber m ay be divide d by a fraction b y ch an ging

b oth n u m bers to like fractions and the n dividing th e
nu m erato r of th e divi d end by the n u m erator of the divisor .
 D I V I S I ON OF F RA C T IO N S 55

6 g
, fo r a ny w h o le n u m be r m ay be
’

8 . D i v ide 6 by g e xp re sse d as a fractio n wi t h 1 fo r i ts de

no m i nato r .

1
-

fi Ch a nge to l ik e fractio ns .

30
5 2 ‘ ’
10

9 . D ivi de } by 2 1 .

C h a nge to l i k e fra c tio n s

g -
z .

By l
iplying the dividend by the divisor inverted
mu t ,

the sam e re sul t is obtained as i n the process j u st de

sc ribe d .

Th u s ,
3 1 § i x Z 1 :

4 3 4
2
Qx 5 ‘
10
1
3 3 1 3
x
s é 16
To d ivi de f ra cti ons, c han
g e f to li ke ra cti ons a nd di vi de
the nu mer a tor of the di vi dend by the nu m er a tor of the

di vi sor ; or , f or c onveni e nc e, i n ver t the di vi sor a n d mu lti l

p y .

ca nce li ng when p ossi ble .

Solve : Wri tten

5 6

fi 21
2 Q
i

g
i 1 63 41 - 3
5

S
it +
t
8 "1 4
1 s 27

a
3
3 :
56 ADVAN C E D AR I T H M E T I C

38 .

5g § §
—1 5
} . -
c x = 2

1 2
3;
-
10 40 . 41 . 42 .

1 1; 1 3 4 -

3 45 .
g a
s
-
13
; 4s . 15 q -
s .

21 4s . 49 .
3
4 +
, 1 so . 31}
—
33 4 2 1 44 3i + z z§
4
1
52 53 - »
54
1 5
. . .

(ii 56 . 57 . 58 .

lk 1
60 .
i -
5
11 61 .
g -
i
-
l g 62 .

ag
s 54 . 53 4 4 65 . 55 . 38 4 -
55

68 . 69 . 70 .

354 1 +
72 .
-

5 73 .
76
3i 74 .

76 .
f
ig -
p
g 77 .
fi + 1 2§ 78 . 1§ + 3i

1 524 4 -

4 i n 1 5, 3 ti me s, a nd 3 0 v e r. i of zf =9 .

27
1
2 1 5a -
4 x .
st
7 i
? 7
80 . 8g 3 81 . 9; + 8 82 .
3
61 6 4 -
4 as . 7§ + 3
72,
1
6 85 . 71 3
0
4 86 . 9§ 7 8 7. 71 3
6
4
1 65
5
7 89 . 1 2% 4 90 . 9 91 . 1 5g 7
92 . 203 9 93 . 15
25 8 94 . 275 .
6 95 .

28 % 5 97 .
\ 25% 6 98 . 3 02 3 99 . 503 12

PROBLE M S Wri tten

1 . Mrs A nder son paid $ 25 for braid at $ 71 a yar d
. .

H ow m a ny yards did she bu y ?

2 . H o w long w ill it ta ke to earn $ 28 a t 5
5 i a day ?
1 i
58 A D VAN C E D A R I T H M E T I C

3 pou nds 4 po u nds 6 po u n ds 8 po u nds What part di d

, , , .

they sell each day ?

5 E dgar earned 8 20 He bo u ght a hat for $ 1 a pai r
. .
,

of shoes for 8 2 a reefer for 8 5 and a su it w ith the rest o f

, ,

h is m oney What part of his m oney di d each article cost

.

6 A contractor c alls 48 hou rs a w eek s w ork Wh a t

.
’
.

’
part of a w eek s w ork is 1 2 ho u rs ? 36 hou rs ? 1 6 ho u rs
3 2 ho u rs ? 8 ho u rs ? 40 ho u rs ? 6 ho u rs ? 1 8 ho u rs ?
30 ho u rs 4 2 hou rs 24 ho u rs 48 ho u rs ?

PROB LE MS Wr itten
1 . I n the m onth of Septe m ber it rained 7 days and
was clo u dy 5 days W hat part of the m ont h
. w as fair ?

2 . L e w is earns 8 6 a w eek and his father earns $ 20 .

C o m pare their w ages .

3 E u gene pu ts in the bank 25 cents o u t of every dol

.

la r that he earns What par t of his m oney does he save

.

If his average earnings are a dollar a w eek h o w m u ch ,

d oes he save in a year of 52 w eeks

4 A ne w sboy bu ys papers at 3 cents each and sells
.

the m at 5 cents each H o w m u ch does he gain ? What

.

part of the cost does he gain

5 W hat part of the cost is gain w hen m ilk bo u ght at
.

5 cent s a q u art is sold at 8 ce n ts a q u art ?

6 Su s a n had 75 cents in her p u rse
. Sh e bo u ght 6 .

h andkerchiefs at the r ate of 3 for a q u arter What part .

o f her m oney did she spend ?

7 Mr B a x ter bo u gh t a horse for 8 200

. . He sol d i t .

fo r 8 50 m ore than he paid What part of the cost di d

.

he gain
 F I N D IN G W HO LE WH E N PA R T IS G IVE N 59

8For collecting bills Ho w ard received 1 0 cents o u t o f

.

every dollar collected His pay w a s w hat part of t h e

.

m oney collected ?
9 A t the rate of 1 0 cents on a doll ar w hat m u st be
.
,

paid for collecting a bill of 40 dollars ? A t 1 2% cents

1 0 . W hat part of a barrel of kerosene containing 60
gallons is left after 2of it is sold to one c u sto m er and 5
gallons to another
D R ILL E XE RCISE
1 Find (1 ) g of
.

(Q t
{ 0 15 5 0 0 5 8 5 3}
3 ( ) t t
9 s s t t ?
; w ,

s 7
( ) i t ( ) {2 1 2 1 2 1 2 ( ) tr ; 1 1 s 1 1 ; 1 1 ; 1 6 ; i i
4 5 5
5
2
3 1 0 2 3 5 -

2 F ro m each n u m ber in the ro w take eac h of th e

.

fractions .

3 D ivide each n u m ber in the ro w by each of the

.

fractions .

4 Make u p si m ple proble m s based on the co m binations

.

in the above e xercises .

FINDING T HE WHOLE WHE N A PART IS G IVE N

Wri tte n
Ora l
'

and

1 . Nellie paid 1 5 cents for of a yard of cloth Wh at .

w as the price per yard ?

2 . and Herbert bo u ght a baseball
E rnest E rne st .

p aid 20 c ents This w.a s of the cost H o w m u.ch d i d

the ball cost ? W hat par t of the cos t did Herbert p ay ?
H o w m u ch ?
60 A D VAN C E D A R IT H M E T I C

3 . H o w long w a s the s u m m er v acation if fit of it w as

8 w eeks ?
4 Mrs Wells paid
. . 25 cents for thread This w a s g of .

w hat she paid for silk . How m u ch did she pay for silk ?
5 . A da is 3 as old as her m other . A da is 1 2 years old .

How old i s her m other ?

6 A baseball tea m
. gam es This w as 3 of
w o n 40 . th e
nu m ber played How .
‘

m any gam es w ere played ?

7 A lo a d of w ood cost 6 dollars This w as
. of the .

c ost of a load of coal H o w m u ch did the coa l cost ?

.

8 A fter selling } of a t u b of b u tter the grocer had

.
4
,

14 po u nds left H o w m any po u nds had he a t first ?

.

9 E thel spelled 20 w ords correctly

. . Sh e m isspelled
of the w ords given H o w m any w ords w ere give n ?
M B radford bo ght
.

1 0 . rs . u 1}
dozen o r g doze n b u tton s
, ,

fo r 20 cents . What w as the r ate per dozen ?

1 1 R oy has 24
. m arbles . This is Ll or 3 ti m e s as , ,

m any as R alph h as . How m any has R alph ?

1 2 There are 35 boys in the fifth class

. . This is 1 ?
t i m es as m any as in t he S i x t h class Ho w . m any in the
s i x th class ?

D RILL E XE RCISE
I n the follo w ing e xa m ples solve the
fi rst .

T h us . 2x e t)
“
“
i f f? i
21 2T
;
‘
“
 REV I E W P R O B LE M S 61

1 2

3 li x (i 4 (8
s . e .

v .
(a w a e
x — a .
e x a e
> + + o
9 . I
( t a) x It 1 0 .
(s t) G i t)
x

u i t x (l a 1 2 .
( 3
1 + x ( t t)
1 3 . 1
( % x 4 3) 21} 1 4 .
( 3
3 x 2 9 4 2 1)
1 5 . 6
( % x 2§ 1 6 .
( Q
2 1 x
‘
3 1
g) ( Q 3 6 ) 3

u (a x 2 ; 18 .
(4 5 (t
+ of a)
1 9 . ao .

RE VIE W PROBLE M S Wri tten

1 . W hat m u st be paid for 1 68 b u shels of Wheat at $1
a bu shel ?
2 . t u b s of m aple s u gar w eighed
Two 1 3
po u nds 42 5
.

One w eighed 1 8 Q po u nds What did the other w eigh

.

3 H o w m any dozen eggs at gof a dollar a dozen c a n

.
«

be bou ght f o r 2% dolla rs ?

A Shoe d e
-

4 . al e r p a i d $ 2
?‘
for a pair of shoes H e .

sold the m a t a gain of 8 For h o w m u ch did he sell the m

5 I f a yard of cloth costs a
. vg w hat part of a dolla r
,

w ill Q of a yard cost ? Q o f a yard ? Q of a yard I Q yards ?

6 Ja m es bo u gh t a pa i r of rabbits for SBQZ a nd sol d

.

th e m at a loss of $ Q For h o w m u ch did he sell the m

.

7 . bu ys ne w sp a pers at 1 5cents each and s e ll s

Sidney
t h e m for 2 cent s each H o w m any m u st he s ell to e a r n
.

o n e dollar ?

8 Into h o w m any pieces Q of a foot long can a sti c k

.

7§ feet long be c u t ?
62 AD VAN C E D A R I T H M E T IC

9 . What is th e
cost of 2 yards of cloth at Q o f a 21 dol
lar a y and 1 5yards at IQ dollars a yard
1 0 .Sherm an o w ed h er grocer $ 1 Q $ 3Q $ §4g , , , an d
81353 S
-
h e gave a $ 1 0 bill in pay m ent
. H o w m u ch -
. di d
the grocer re tu rn ?
1 1 I f a ticket to D enver costs $ Q ho w m u ch o u ght
.
, a

t icket to cost to a place Q as far a w ay ? To a place 3

t i m es as fa r a w ay ? To a place IQ ti m es as far a w ay ?
1 2 .
'

A
stationer gained $ Q by selling a book for QB
IQ .

F ind the cost .

1 3The rent of a ho u se for

. 1 5 w eeks w a s
What w as the re n t for 1 w eek ?
1 4 A t $ 1 Q per rod w h at w ill I OQ rods of fence cost ?
.
,

1 5 The deposits m ade in a bank w e re 8 4 Q d ollars

.
,

6 2{ d ollars 75Q dollars Th e w ithdra w als w ere 1 59 5

, .
6

dollars 9 1 76 dollars and 6 7Q dollars H o w m u ch w a s left

, , .

in the bank ?
1 6 . H o w m any
sacks of potatoes at $ 1 Q a sack w ill p a y
for 1 5 yards of cloth at a yard ?
1 7 . A m an o w ning Q of a m ill sold } of his share 1 fo r
$ 5000 . A t that rate w hat w as the w hole m ill w orth
1 8 I f Q of a q u art fills a bottle h o w m any bottles c a n
.
,

be filled fro m 1 75qu arts of m aple s i r u p ?

1 9 A n e xpress trai n r u ns Q of a m ile in Q of a m in u te

. .

What is t h e rate a m in u te ? H o w long does it take to

r u n a m ile

20 A gang of m e n laid Q of a se w er in one day {50 the

.
,

ne xt day and Q the t h ird day W ha t part of the w ork

, .

w a s then done ? What part re m ained to be done

 D E C IM A LS 63

21 A fter se lli ng Q of a barrel o f o il the grocer

.
, had 9

g a l lons l eft H o w m any gallons h ad he at first

.

22 . W hat is the
of the ages of 5 children w hose su m

a ges are respectively 6 5 years 8 1 years 1 O 7

—
1 5
, 1 , Q years g , , , ,

y ears a nd 9
Q years
, ? W hat is the average age ?

23 A far m er can m o w a piece of grain in 4 ho u rs

. .

H is son can m o w it in 6 ho u rs I f both w ork together .

,

w hat part of the piece can t hey m o w in 1 ho u r ?

24 . A gardener planted 80 gerani u m s . 24 of the m

d ied . What part lived ?
25 A pl u m ber is paid $ 4 } a day and his helper Q
. 7 ,

m u ch H o w m u ch is paid to both ?
.

DE CIMALS

A p ower of a n u m ber 1 s the prod u ct obtained by u si ng

t h a t n u m ber as a factor a specified n u m ber of ti m e s .

Th u s th e second po w er of 1 0 Is 1 0 x 1 0 o r 1 00; th e third

, ,

po w er of 1 0 is 1 0 x 1 0 x 1 0 or 1 000 ; an d so on , .

Fractions W hose de n o m inators are 1 0 1 00 1 000 etc , , , .

,

11 6 5
as 1 7 that is co m m o n fractions W hose d e no m i
1 6
” -

, , ,

n a to rs are 1 0 or so m e p o w er of 1 0 are de c i m a l f ra c tio ns

, ,
.

W hen the denom inators are e xpressed by a deci m al

o o i n t as in 7
, 07 007 s u ch fractions are called dec i ma ls
.
, .
, .
, .

The w ord deci m al co m es fro m the L ati n w ord d ece m

'
“
,

w hich m eans ten .

Whpn a deci m al fraction is e x pressed as a deci m al th ere ,

’
a re as m an
y places in the deci m al as ther e a r e 0 s in th e

d eno m inator of the deci m a l fraction Th u s 3 59 9; .

,
.

0 9 2 00 9 ; 7 1583 3 0009 and so on

3
—
7 77
1
-
3 11 0 6
-
; -
-
. .
64 AD VAN C E D A R I T H M E T I C

Wh en a decim al is e xpressed as a co m mon fraction , th e

denom inator is 1 w ith as m any ciphers an nex ed as ther e
are places in the deci m al Thu s 07 = T5 6 3
.
, °

.007 = 1 61 61 7 3 0007
“

f irsW ;.and so on -
.

W rite as deci mals 1 6 1 0 6 1 0 6 6

3 1 9 1 2 8 .

Write as co m m on fractio ns : 9 1 3 21 7 . . .

A l w ays treat a deci m al as if it w ere a w hole n u m ber .

The deci m al point sim ply tells the kin d of things w ith
w hich w e are dealing ; that is it gives a na m e to th e ,

deci m al .
0

RE AD ING AND WRIT ING DE CILIALS

The follo w ing table sho w s the m ethod of reading a n d
w riting deci m als .

NA M E S OF PLACE S

O RD E R O F PL ACES

Na m es and order of places m u st be me m orized .

A deci m al takes its na m e fro m its deno m inator .

1 R ead 04 25
. . .

R ead the n u merator as yo u w o u ld any w hole n u m be r

fo u r h u ndred t w e n ty fi v e 4 25 w hat ? The place of th e
-
.

last fig u re in the n u m era tor sho w s the nam e of the de

n o m i n ator The last figu re 5 stand s in t he fo u rth or
.
, , ,

’
ten tho u san dths place Therefore w e re ad fo u r h u ndre d
-
.
,

tw enty fiv e ten tho u sandths

- -
.
66 A D VANC E D A RI TH MT IC E

58 . H o w m any deci m al
places a re re qu ire d to e x press
tenths ? To e xpress h u n d redths ? Thou sandths ? T e n
t h o u sandths H u ndred tho u sandths ? Millionths -

59 . W rite the fig u re so that it shall ex press tenths ;

6
h u n d re dths ; tho u sandths ; te n tho u sandths ; h u ndre d
-

z h o u sa nd th s ; m illionth s .

60 . Write in fig res
h u ndred eight ten tho u sa n dth s
u si x -
.

Ten tho u sandths sho w s that the last fig u re of the deci

-

ma l stands i n the fo u rth deci m al place so w e w rite 06 08 , . .

61 . W rite in figu res

h u ndred and eight te n tho u
si x -

s a n dt h s The w hole n u m ber is 6 00 the deci m al 0008 ;

.
, .

so w e w rite

Write in figu res

62 . Seven and three h u ndredths .

63 . Nine tho u sandth s .

64 .
w o h u ndred eighty -
si x te n -
tho u sa ndt h s
65 . T wo h u ndred and eighty -
six ten tho u san d ths
-
.

66 . Seven h u ndred fi fty t w o

-
h u ndred tho u sandths -
.

67 . Thirty -
si x and eight h u ndred -
tho u sandths .

68 . Five h u ndred t w enty seven -

m il l ionths .

69 . Nine and three tho u sa n d forty -

si x m illionths .

70 . Seventeen and one h u ndred three ten tho u sand t h s -

71 . Si x ty and si x te en ten tho u sandths -

.

72 . Fo u r and fo u r tho u sandth s .

73 . Fo u r h u ndred and fo u r thou sandths .

74 . Fou r h u ndred fo u r tho u san dths .

 C H AN G ING D E CI ML A S 67

CHANGING DE CIMAL S TO C OMMON FRACT IONS Or al

1 . What is the deno m inator in . 2? . 7? . 12 . 08 ?
1 25? . 01 5 . 004 ?

2 . C hange . 08 to a comm on fraction in its lo w est term s .

° 08 7 60 ”

fi
3 . C hange . 075 to a co m m on fraction .

- 075 T 3617 3
1 6

4 . C hange . 33§ to a co mm on fraction .

1 00 1 1
6 ii?
33
1
( ) 335 7 x ‘ '

i oo é
‘

1 3 3 ,

l i fifi
33 x 3 1 00 1
( )
2 33 =
x 3 3 00 3

To c ha ng e a deci ma l to a comm on f r a c ti on, wr i te the nu

me ra tor over the denomi na tor ex

p r es sed in fi
g u r es, a nd

c ha ng e to lowest te rms .

Su ch
e x pressions ds 6 .
, . 375, that is decim als i n
. 006 , ,

w hich t h e n u m erator is a w hole n u m be r are si mp le or ,

p ur e de cim a ls .

Su ch
e x pressions as 375 1 43 that is deci m als in .
, .
, ,

w ho
se n u m erator there is a co m m on fraction are comp lex ,

d e c i ma ls .

Na m e the co m m on fractions e qu iv a lent to

. 2 . 3 . 4 . 5 . 6 7 8 9

6 . . 10 . 20 . 30 . 40 . 50 . 60 . 70 . 80 . 90

Wri tten
C hange to co m m on fractions in their lo west ter m s
7 . . 02 s . . 04 9 . . 06 10 . . 08

1 1 . . 12 1 2 . . 16 1 3 . . 24 1 4. . 32
68 A D VAN C E D A R I T H M E T I C
1 5 . . 36 1 6 . . 48 1 7 . . 64 18 . . 72
1 9 . . 25 20 . . 75 21 . . 35 22 . . 85
23 . . 1 25 24 . . 375 25 . . 6 25 26 . . 8 75
27 . . 1 21} 28 . . 3 7% 29 . 6 24 30 . . 8 7%
31 . . 34
35 -

32 . . 66 § 33 . . 1 63 34 . 8 34

CHANGING C OMMON F RACT IONS TO DE CIMAL S Or a ’

1 . C hange 2
23
to a deci m al .

Si nce th e de no m i na to r of a dec im a l
is 1 0 or so m e p o w e r o f 1 0, w e m u st
2 X 4 8 ch ange f ra c t i o n h o se
Ml
23
2
to a w d e no m i
177
“

25 x 4 6 h ato r i s 1 0, 1 00, 1 000, e tc . u ti p lyi ng

b o th te r m s of 2
55
by 4 w e ge t
, Wri t
i ng r y
a
in de c i m al f orm , w e
ge t 08 . .

Give the deci m al e qu ivalent of

g
1
2 .
1
5
,
3 .
7; 4 .
?
7 5 . 6 .
a
l
7 .
g s .
g .
9 .
i l;
1 0 .
“ 3
1 0
1 1 .
T
1 2 9 1 3 l 1 4 1 5 1
1 5
35 2 zy 6 ;
. . . .

4 1 3
1 7 .
3 2 35
1 8 . 1 9 .
3 0
20 40 1
fi
22 . C o m pare : $ 1 $ 1 .

23 . C o m pare : 5
24 . I s this state m ent tru e
Sfi $ 50 s) 5 oo .

When th e
decim al e qu ivalent is not readily seen chan g e ,

a co m m on fraction to a decim al by divid ing the n u m erat o r

by the deno m inator .

25. C hange g to a deci m al . 26 . C h ange g to a deci m a l .

 C H AN G I NG T O D E C IMA LS 69

I n both these e x am ples w e place a decim al point after

’
t h e n u m erator and a nne x as m any 0 s as m ay be necessary
, .

To c ha ng e a co mm on f r a c t on i to a de ci ma l, di vid e the
nu me r a tor by the den omina tor .

C hange to deci m als Wr i tten

27 .
4 28 .
g 29 .
g 30 .
1
1 3
31 .
“

1
3
5

32 5 33 1 34 1 35 3 35 1
75 52 1 0 1 0 33
. . . . .

Since the deno m inator of a deci m al is al w ays 1 0 or so m e

p o w er of 1 0 the only co,m m o n fractions that can be e x

ressed as p u re dec i m als are those w hose deno m in a tors

p ,

w hen the fractions a re in their lo w est ter m s contain only ,

the factors 2 or 5 .

37 . W hich of these fractions can be e xpressed as p u re

d eci m als ?

i
f
"
A i t t 4}
2
1 5
”

it ' 5
i8
'

it it
38 . C hange 3to a deci m al “
.

3 ) l 0 or
.
, or and so on .

or 3 ) l . 0
. 3} 1 . 3 +

3) l 00, . or
1 +
. 3 33. . 33

3 ) l 000,. or
+
. 333% 333

That i s there w ill al w ays be a rem ai n der Sho w this

, .

e i ther by w riting the u ndivid e d re m aind e r as a fraction ,

o r by w riting a sign after the l a s t q u oti e nt fig u re .

70 A D VAN C E D A R I T H M E T I C

C hange to decim als carrying out the division three deci

m a l places

39 .
g
44 .
g
49 .
{2 5

DE CIMALS ADDIT ION

su m

4 . 5 .

9 . 10 .

. 3

1 1 . Mrs Marsto n paid 3 of a dollar for s u gar and 5

. .

Of a dollar for tea W hat part of a dollar did she pay for
.

both
1 2 A fa m ily u sed 25 of a ton
. . ofcoal in one m onth
an d 5 of a ton the ne x t m onth
. . H o w m u ch in both
m o nths ?

1 3 . T wo
tenths of a ga rden is given to roses 3 to , .

dahlias and 25 to asters

, What part of the garden is
. .

given to flo w ers ?
1 4 . Stella is years O ld a nd Helen is years ol d
.

What is the su m of their ages ?

1 5 I n canning berries Mrs L ibby u sed
. po u nds o f
, .

s u gar and 25 of a po u n d of Spice

. W hat did both .

w eigh ?
 W R I TT EN E X E R C ISE 71

WR ITTEN EXER CI S E
1 . Add 5, 04, 78 5, 03, 01 8 ,
. . . and . 07
.

5
O4
In arr angi ng c o l u m ns th at is i n wr i ti ng the m
dec i m a ls in
78 5 , ,

so t h a t te nt h s a re i n o ne c o l u m n h u nd re d t h s i n a no t h e r a nd
, ,

8
so o n w e a re rea lly ch a n gi ng th e m t o a c o m m o n de no m i na to r
, .

18
07

Fin d the su m of
z . . 8, . 6 4, . 73 3
3 . . 5,
4 .

5 .

6 .

7 . . 003 01 01 -
08 005 0004

8 . 6 5,

9 .

1 0 .

1 1 . . 6, . 06 , . 006 , . 0006 , 00006

.

1 2 tenths ; 75 tho u san dths ;

. 4 3 h u ndredth s ; . 1 2 ten
tho u sandths ; 6 5 tho u sandths .

3 Si x ty
fo ur ten tho u s andths ; one h u ndred fo ur
1
- -
.

tho u sandths ; three tenths ; eight ten tho u sandth s -

.

1 4 One h u ndre d ten tho u sand t hs ; t w enty si x tho u

.
-

sand th s ; s i x h u ndred forty seven tho u sandths ; eighty -

five h u ndred tho u sandths -

.

1 5 . T wo h u ndred ten tho u san dths ; tw o ten tho u

-

sand th s ; t w o h u ndred ten tho u san d .

72 A D VANC E D A R I T H M E T IC

1 6 . Seve n
h u ndred and seven tenths ; one h u ndred fou r
a n d si x ty fi v e tho u sandths ; seve nty fi v e and five h u n
- -

d re dt h s forty and si x ty fi v e ten t h o u sandths - -

.

PROBLE M S Wr i tten
1 . H o w m any tons of coal in three loads w eighi n g ,

re spectively , tons ton s and

, tons ? ,

2 The fo u r sides of a lot

. m ea su re yards ,

yards , yards and , yards . W hat length of

fe n c e w ill inclose it ?

3 A bicycle cyclo m eter r egistered the follo w ing dis

.

tances on five s u ccessive days : m iles m iles , ,

m iles m iles and , m iles W hat w as the , .

entire distance traveled ?

4 A far m er p u rchased five ad j oining fields
. w hose
are as w ere acres 8 5 of an acre acres , .
, ,

acres and , acres H o w m any acres in all ? .

5 Mr Si m pson drove his a u to m obile

. . m iles ,
m iles and , m iles His speedom eter read . m iles
a t the start What did it read at the finish ?
.

DE CIMAL S S UBT RACT I ON

Find differences
1 . 2 . 3 . 50
8 5 25

6 . 7 . 8 .

. 5 . 25 . 25

1 1 . Fro m 1 take . 1 ; . 2; . 8;
1 2 . Fro m 1 take . 5; . 25 ; . 75 .

13 . Fro m 2 t a ke
74 AD VAN C E D A RI TH MT ICE

1 9Tak e thirteen h u ndre dths fro m t w o h u ndred one

.

tho u sandths .

20 Fro m one and one h u ndred si xty t w o ten tho u sandths

.
- -

t ake one h u ndred t w enty t w o tho u sandths -

.

21 From three and t w enty

.
-
fi ve tho u sandths take forty
n in e h u ndredths .

PROBLE M S Wri tten

A o w ns
1 . . 42 of a vessel and B the re m ai n der
, .

What part does B own ?

2 . Wh at re m a i n s if from , . 8 of a b u shel of corn . 375

of a b u shel is taken ?
3I f Harvey loses
. . 6 25 of h is kite string , w hat part
has he left ?
4 I f Joseph spen d s 1 25 of his m oney for a ball 4
. .
, .

for a knife and 25 for a bat w hat part of his m oney has
, .
,

he left ?
5A French franc piece is w orth nineteen and three
.

tenths ce nts H o w m u ch less than one fifth of a U nite d

.

States dollar ?
6 . Which is the greater q u an tity 5
; of a po u nd of ,

bu tter or . 8 75 of a pou nd of bu tter ? H o w m u ch greater ?

7 A m a n left 5 of his property to his w ife 225 to
. .
, .

his son and the rest to his da u ghter What w a s the

, .

’
d a u ghter s sh are ?
8A m a n does a piece of w ork in five days What
. .

part of the w ork does he do the l a st day if the w ork of ,

the first fo u r days is as follo w s : 25 1 5 1 6 5 2?

.
, .
, .

A re c e i v e d é of an estate and B
9 .
, . 4 5 of t h e estat e .

Which r eceived the greater share ? B y h o w m u ch ?

 D E C IM A LS 75

DE CIMALS M
ULTIPLI C ATION
Give prod u cts
1 . . 5 2 . 12 3 . 8
2 5 4

5 . . 5 7 . . 25 a . . 75
6 4 2

11 . M u ltiply by 3 : 2 02 . 002

12 . M u ltiply by 2: . 8 . 06 . 007

1 3 . M u ltiply by 5: . 4 08 . 006

1 4 . M u ltiply by 4 : . 5 . 05 . 005

1 5 . A ne w sboy sold 9 of his 50 papers . . H o w m any ?

16 . T w enty five h u ndredths of a flock of 80 sheep w er e
old
s . H o w m any ?
A s u it cost $ 1 5 and a hat
1 7 . . 2 as m u ch . What did
the hat cost ?
18 . H o w m u ch
is 4 of $ 6 00 .

19 W hen Mr Spau lding has u se d 75 of his 1 2 tons o f

. . .

coal h o w m a n y tons re m ain ?

M
,

20 .u ltiply 7 by 3 . . .

C hange the decim als to co m m on

fractions and m u ltiply J
g x {1
5
.

7 0

21
0 1?
E xpressi n g 2 1
1 60
in deci
3 .

m al for m w e get 21 I n m u lti

21
. .
,
.

plying 7 by 3 it is e v ident th at . .
, ,

since the deno m inators are 1 0 a n d 1 0 the deno m inator o f ,

the prod u ct m u st be 1 0 x 1 0 or 1 00 A deci m al w ho se , .

deno m inator is 1 00 occ u pies t w o deci m al places w hich i s ,

the s u m of the deci m al places in the m u ltiplicand and

the m u ltiplier
76 A D V AN C E D A R IT H MT I
E C

21 . M u ltiply . 07 by . 3 .

The prod u ct of the de no mi

n a t o rs is 1 000 A decim al .

w hose deno m inator is 1 000

0 0
occ u pies three deci m al places ,
. 3
w hich is the s u m of the deci
021
m al pl a ces i n the m u ltiplicand
and the m u ltiplier
To m u ltip ly de ci ma ls, m u ltip ly a s i n w ho le nu m ber s a n d
'

p oi n t o
f i n the
p ro du c t a s m a n
y d e ci m a l
p l a c es a s ther e a r e

d eci m a l p la c e s i n both m u ltip li c a n d a nd m u ltip li e r .

Note that pointing o ff

th e “
is si m ply the m u ltiplying
t ogether of the deno m inators .

22 . Withou t m u ltiplying , tell h o w m any deci m al place s

in the prod u ct of
8 x 4 03 x 6 . 005 x 07 .

7x 6 . 4 x 09 . 03 x 009 .

Wi i tten
‘

Solve
23 . . 4 x12 24 . 8 x 1 .
5 ,
25 . x 5

25 . . 64 x 25 . 27 . x 1 4 28 . . 35 x 1 2.

29 . x x 31 . x 08 .

32 . x x . 005 34 . . 3 75 x 44 .

35 . x 35 . . 075 x 24 37 . x

38 . x 39 . x 32 . 40 . x

41 . . 44 x 26 5. 42 . . 01 5 x 1 44 43 . x . 06

44 . x 62 . 45 . x . 8 45 . 1 24 x 75 .

47 . . 025 x 48 . x 03 1 . 49 . x

50 . 1 23 x 3 75 . 51 . x 085 . 52 . x
 MLT IPLY ING
U BY . 1, . 01 , . 00 1 77

M
UL TIPLYIN G BY 1 0, 1 00, 1 000 Ora l

1 . M
ove the deci
point in m al
one place to the
right What n u m ber have yo u n o w ? H o w does
.

com pare w ith B y w hat have yo u m u ltiplie d

2Move the deci m al point in

. tw o places to th e
right What have yo u done to
.

3 . What is the resu lt of m oving the deci m al point i n

three places to the righ t ? What have you don e
to
4 . M u ltiply ( 1 ) by 1 0 ; 2
( ) by 1 00 ; ( )
3 by 1 000

256 . 1 75 0306 . 0008

5 One lot contained 755 of a n acre and another lo t

. .
,

1 0 ti m es as m u ch What w a s the area of the second lot ?

.

There are
6 . s qu are feet in a s qu are rod . How
many i n 1 00 s q u are rods ?

7At . a yar d , h o w m u ch w ill a m erchant pay for

1 000 yards of silk ?

M
UL TI PLYI N G BY . 1 ,
. 01 , 001 .

M u ltiply by l ; by . . 01 ; by 001 . .

To m u ltiply a n u m ber by . 1 is to find one tenth of it .

1I n m u ltiplying by 1 h o w m any places and in

. .
, , wh a t
direction is the decim al point m oved
,

2 Tell ho w to m u ltiply by 01 By 001

Mlt ply ( ) by
. . . . .

3. u i 1 . 1 2
( ) by . 01 ; 3
( ) by 001

1 247 300 . 54 2 . 08
78 AD VAN C E D A RI TH MT IE C

Solve
4 . 10x 5 . 1 000 x 35 . 6 . 1 00 x 08 .

7 . . 01 x 8 . . 001 x 9 . . 1 x

1 0 . . 1 x 004 . 1 1 . . 01 x 01 2
. 1 2 . 10x

1 3 . 1 00 x 01 6 . 1 4 . 1 000 x 1 5 . . 01 x 0007 .

1 6 . . 001 x 1 7 . 10x 1 8 . . 001 x

1 9 . Find by gro u ps
. 1 of 528 0 ft 3 20 rd . . ft . ft . 3 ft . 1 2 in .

01 of 528 0 ft 320 rd . . ft . ft . 3 ft . 1 2 in .

. 001 of 528 0 ft 320 rd . . ft . ft . 3 ft . 1 2 in .

PROBLE M S Wr i tten
1 F orty fi ve h u ndredths of the 1 6 0 acres in Mr
.
-
.

’
C heever s far m is u nder c u ltivation H o w m any acres ? .

A t 6 4 of a dollar a b u shel
2 . .
, h o w m u ch w ill
b u shels of oats cost ?
3 . A rod is feet . H o w m a ny feet in rods ?
There are
4 . 528 0 feet in a m ile . H o w m any feet in
3 75 of a m ile ?
5 . H o w m u ch w ill 75 of . a b u shel of apples cost at . 8
of a dollar a b u shel ?
6 At . a foot w hat , w ill it cost to fence a fo u r s

s ided field 1 20 feet on a side ? ,

A t di ff erent ti m es a m a n bou ght 8 of an acre o f

7 . .

l a nd 375 of an acre
, . acres and ac res A t $ 54 , , .

per acre h o w m u ch did i t all cost ?

,

A fa rm er has t w o fields one containing

8 . acres ,

a n d the other 6 a s m any acres H o w m any acres in the

. .

s econd field ? H o w m any acres i n both fields ?

 D E C IMA LS 79
’
9 Mr B ean s farm contains
. . 240 acres I f he raise s
.

hay on 1 2} of it and harvests

.
, tons to the acre h ow ,

m any tons does he get

10 . T w o m en
e a c h o w ned 8 of an acre of land One . .

sold 375 of an acre What part of an acre had he left ?

. .

The other sold 3 75 of his lot W hat part of an acre h ad

. .

he left
DE CIMAL S D IVIS ION Wri tten :

Test these divisions :

1 . 5) s 0 35 . 2
. 9 0 035
52 3 . 4 . 5
.

. 2 . 02 002

I n dividing a deci m al by a w hole n u m be r the deci m al ,

point in the q u otient stands in the sa m e col u m n as the

deci m al point in the dividend
. .

The first step in division of deci m als is to w rite the

deci m al point in the q u otient .

D ivide a nd test ,

6 . 7 .

1 1 .

1 4 . 6 L6 1 5 .

13 . 1 9 .

22 . D ivide . 1 by 5 . 5B

D ivide , and test :

23 . 24 .

27 . 28 .

31 . 62
4
3 32 .

M
35 . 35 .

39 . 8 40 .
 AD V AN C E D A RI TH MT IC E

43 . . 01 2 by 3 44 . . 56 by 7 45 . . 9 2 by 8

. 84 by 6 47 . . 3675 by 5 48 . . 8 73 by 9

49 . . 1 272 by 12 50 . . 728 by 7 51 . . 09 1 by 13

. 01 6 by 5 53 . . 3 1 5 by 1 5 54 . . 64 by 16

55 . . 28 by 35 56 . . 01 08 by 12 57 . . 3 31 1 by 11

58 . by 7 59 . by 12 60 . by 25

61 . by 36 62 . by 42 63 . by 57

64 . by 64 65 . by 18 66 . by 34

67 . by 72 68 . by 19 69 . by 97

70 . by 40 71 . by 21 72 . . 0774 by 86

73 . by 75 74 . 3 78 2 by 6 1
. by 17
76 . D ivide . 21 by . 3 24 =

When there is a deci m al in the divisor change , th e di

i or to a w hole n u m b e r by m u ltiplying both di v isor a n d
v s

d i v idend by 1 0 1 00 1 000 e t c Th u s change

, , to , .
,

by m u ltiplying the divisor 3 by 1 0 and the divi .

,

dend 24 b v 1 0
. .

What i s done i n each O f these cases to m ake the diviso r

a w hole n u m ber ?
77 . 22
1 9 78 . ne w
79 . 6
4
22 80 .

81 . 28 _ 4 21 28 82 . . 8 . 024

83 . 12 84 . 511 59

D ivide first , m aking the divisor a w hole n u m ber

85 .
w e
.
86 . 87 .

88 . 90 .

91 . 93 .
82 A D V ANC E D A RI TH MT I
E C

6 . What is the average speed per ho u r of an a u to m o

bile w hich
goes m iles in ho u rs ?
7 O n e hu ndred si xty fi v e b u shels of potatoes w ere
.
-

p u t u p in bags of b u shels each H o w m any bags .

w ere u sed ?

8 A bu shel of grain occu pies

. c u bic fe et H o w .

m any b u shels can be p u t into a bin w hose capacity is

c u bic feet ?
9 A w heel of a w agon is
. feet in circ u m ference .

H o w m any revol u tions w ill it m ake in going 1 m ile

( 528 0
1 0 A n au to m obile speedo m eter registered
. m iles
at the beginning of a trip and m iles a t the end
, .

The trip w a s m ade in ho u rs What w as the distance .

traveled per ho u r ?
D IV IDING BY 1 0, 1 00, 1 000

3 33 10
—
3 33 z 1 00
333 1 000 333

1 . Tell ho w to divide a num ber by 10 . By 1 00 . By

1 000 .

Solve
2 . 10 10 3 . 10 4 . 1 00

3 . 1 000 6 . 273 1 00 7 . 10

8 . 10 9 . 10 1 0 . 10

1 1 . 24 1 00 1 2 . 1 000 1 3 . . 5 10

1 4 . 10 1 5 . . 4 1 00 1 6 . 1 00

1 7 Ten acres of land

. w ere sold for 3 225 . Wha t was
the rate per acre ?
 R EV I E W E X E R C ISE 83

1 8 A railroad com pany carried 1 000 people on

. an

e xc u rsion for $ 750 H o w m u ch did each person pay ?

.

1 9 . W hat w as the cost Of a to n of coal if 1 00 tons cost

3 56 5
RE VIE W E xE R CISE Wr i tten
Write in fig u res five h u ndred five tho u sandths
, .

W rite in fig u res five h u ndred and five tho u sandths

, .

Write in w ords ,

W rite in w ords 01 06 , . .

What is the deno m inator in 8 036 ? 04 ? 3786

? ?

6 . H o w m any deci m al places in ‘ 9 w

1 0
’
hen w ritten as a
decim al ? 1
30 ? 74 1
1 0 00
? 1 01 00 ?
”

7 . E p ress a s deci m als :

x 3 3
1 0 20

8 . E xpress as comm on fractions in t heir low est ter m s

5 . 50 . 70 . 06 . 85 . 14 . 25

9 . of } and g
Find d e ci m ally the su m 7 .

1 0 W ha t is the fig u re in the third deci m al

.
p l a c e w he n

4 is e xp r essed as a deci m al ?

1 1 . \V h a t is the q u otient of 4 . 4? Of . 4 4?

1 2 . I have 35 . What is . 2 of it ? . 5?
1 3 . $ 5 is 2 of m y m oney
. . H o w m u ch have I ?
1 4 . doze n oranges cost
If 4 . 8 of a dollar , w hat w ill
1 2 doze n cost

1 5 I f a peck of potatoes costs

. . 4 of a dollar , W hat w ill
a b u shel cos t
1 6 Three caps cost
. . 6 of a dollar . H o w m any c an be
bo u ght for a dollar ?
1 7 . . 3 X 1 = ?
84 A D VAN C E D A RI TH MT ICE

1 8 .

1 9 . receive 05 of w hat yo u collect h o w m u ch

If yo u .
,

will yo u receive for collecting $ 32?

20 What part of 27 is 9 ? Express the answ er de ci

.

m ally .

21 Ho w ard and F red each e a rned 8 of a dollar

. . .

Ho w ard spent 5 of a dollar at the circ u s H o w m u ch

. .

had he left ? Fred Spent 5 O f his m oney i n car rides . .

H O W m u ch had he left ?
S olve by gro u ps
22 . 23 . 24 . 25 .

1 1 10 1
l x 1 . 1 x 1 . 10x 1 . 1 x 01
.

1 1 10 1
25 . 27 . 28 . 29 .

16 15 . 15
x 16 x 16 . 1 5x 1 5 . x . 04
16 + . 16 15 . 15
30 . 31 . 32 . 33 .

— 2 . 3 4 . 05 24
24 x 2 . x . 3 4 x 05
. 24 x 03 .

34 . George
earned 3 2 one day and the ne xt . Ho w
m u ch did he earn in both days ?

35 . R ichard had 3 2 and spent H o w m u ch h a d

he left ?
36 R obe rt had 3 2 and bou ght neckties at
. eac h .

H o w m any did he bu y ?
37 Frank bou ght 2 baseballs at
. each H o w m u c h .

did he pay for the m ?

 T ABLE OF LINEA R M
EA SUR E 85

38 . Mr A tkinso n had 5 acres of land H o w m u ch

. .

had he after b u ying 5 of an acre fro m his neighbor ?

.

39 . Mr B lake had
. 5 acres an d sold . 5 of an acre .

Ho w m u ch had he left ?

40 . Mr Sayles sol d 5 of a pastu re containing

. . 5 acres .

Ho w m any acres did he sell ?

41 A field containing 5 a cres w a s

. cu t up into lots of

5 of an acre each H o w m any lots ?

.

LINE AR ME A SURE Or a l
A t aight line is the shortest distance b etw een
s r two
points .

l m —
A ine has one di ension length .

L inear or L ong Meas u re is u sed in m eas u ring leng th s

or distances .

1 . Learn

T ABLE OF LINE AR MEASURE

2 . F ill th e bl anks
1 mile rod s yards feet
"
The Si gn is fre qu ently u sed for inch e s and
"
,

for fee ’
Th u s 2 6 m eans 2 feet 6 inc hes .
,
 ADVANC E D A R I T H E T I C M
3
.
H o w m any inches in 1 ft . 3 in . 2 ft 8 in. .
?
ft3 .

4 ih ? . 4 ft . 2 in ? . 5 ft ? . 6 ft . 6 in ? . 2fi ft ? . 1 g ft .

4 . H o w m any inches in yd .
}
7 yd .
yd ? . yd .

5 . H o w m a ny fee t ~

in 1 § yd ? 2g yd ? . .

6 . E xpress 14 yards as feet 1 4 feet as yards .

7 What part of a yard is 1 ft ? 2 ft . . 1% ft . 1 ft .

3 in ? 1 . ft . 8 i n ? 2 ft 6 i n ?
. . .

8 . L eon is 52 inches tall . H o w m any feet ?

9 . H ow tall are y ou

What is the height of the tallest boy in the room

Of the shortest boy What is the difference i n thei r
heights ?
1 1 . H o w m any inches from the floor is you r desk
Yo u r chair ?
1 2 . M
ake other m eas u re m ents a bo u t the schoolroo m .

E xpress as pa rts of a m ile

1 3 . 1 60 rd . 8 0 rd .

14 . 32 rd . 16 rd .

C hange to rods
1 5 . 1
} mi .

1 6 .
‘
a‘

fe
mi .

PROBLE MS W itte n
r

1 . H o w m any telegraph poles placed 1 0 rod s apart , ,

are re qu ired to string a m ile of tel egraph w ir e

I

2 . H o w m u ch w ill the W ire in prob le m 1 c ost at of

a cent a foot
 TAB LE OF SQ UA R E O R SUR F A C E MEA S UR E 87

3 A
. a si u m r 1 i n ning track m eas u res 1 6 laps to
~

a m ile . m any rods to a lap ? What part of a m il e

d o es V ictor r u n in m aking 5 circ u i ts ?

4 . H o w m any
rods aro u nd a rectangu lar field 1 00 rods
l o n g a n d 6 0 rods w ide ? What nam e i s given to thi s
n u m ber of rods ?

5 D avid ru ns a
. 1 00 y ar d
-
dash in 12 secon d s . How
m a n y feet a second
6 . A hand is 4 inches . A horse 1 4; hands high is
how m any feet high ?

7 . A p assenger car is 70 fee t long . H o w m any yards ?

Ho w m a n y ro ds

8 B lanche lives 3 1 6 8 fe e t fro m the schoolho u se R u by

.
,

200 rods and A lice Q of a m ile

, Wh o has the longes t
.

w al k Wh o has the shortes t w alk

S QU ARE UR S URFACE MA E S URE

A s u rface h a s t w o di m ensions —length and w idth .

Squ are m eas u re is u sed in m eas u ring s u rfaces .

1 . L earn

T ABLE OF SQUARE OR SURFACE MA E S URE

1 44s q u are inches 1 s q u are foot (sq ft ) . .

9 s q u are feet 1 s q u are yard (s q yd ) . .

30i s q u are yards

1 s q u are rod (s q rd “
. .

272} s q u are feet

1 6 0 s q u are r ods 1 a cre (A ) .

64 0 acres 1 s q u are m ile (s q . mi .

)
88 A D VAN C E D A R I T H E T I C M
3 . F ill the blanks
1 A . cr sq . rd . Sq . yd .

Th e area of a s u rface is the n u m ber of s q u are u nits it

con tains .

3 . H o w m a ny s q u are feet in a rectangle 4 feet long an d

1 yard w ide ?

4 f ee t

4 feet by 1 yard 4 feet by 3 feet .

W hat is the u nit of m eas u re m ent H o w m a ny of the se

u nits in 1 r ow I n all the ro w s ?
Shor t m ethod : 3 x 4 1 2 : .

Think first of the u n it of m easu re m ent .

The a r ea o f a r e cta ng le c a n a lwa ys be f ou n d by m u lti l

p y
i ng tog ether i ts leng th a n d i ts wi dth, when both a re exp resse d
m i c hes, f eet, d
i n the sa m e f
u ni t o m easu r e en t ( n ya r s , e ta
) .

NO T E . Wh i l e , for c o nv e n i e n c e
h at w e m u l tip ly th e tw.
, we sa y t
d i m e nsi o n s to ge th e r i t m u st be n o te d th at th i s i s n o t stri c tly tru e
,
.

W e c an no t sa y th a t 3 f ee t t i m e s 4 fe et e qu a l s 1 2 squ a re fee t a ny m o re
th an w e c a n say th at 3 e ggs ti m e s 4 e ggs e qu a l s 1 2 squ a re eggs s i n c e ,

th e m u l ti p l i e r i s a l w ay s a n a b stra c t n u m b er a n d si m ply t e ll s th e nu m
b e r o f ti m e s a q u a n ti ty i s t a k en Wha t w e m e a n i s th at si n ce t he
.
,

u n i t o f m e as u re m e n t i s 1 squ a r e f bo t w e h a v e i n o ne r o w 4 o f t h e se
,

u n i ts o r 4 squ a re f e e t ; i n 3 r o w s w e h av e 3 ti m e s 4 s u a re f e e t o r 1 2
, q ,

squ a re f ee t .
90 AD VANC ED AR I T H M
E IC T

NO T E . u chM a tte nti o n sh ou ld

be gi ve n to o ral a naly si s of p rob
l em s b y p u p i l s Th i s re qu ire s
. concent ra ti on o f a tte nti on and a c lear
c o n cep ti o n o f the c o nd i ti o ns state d N0 se t fo rm o f e xp ressi o n sh o u ld
.

be requ i re d bu t t he c o rre c t u se o f if s i nc e an d th ere f o re

“ ” “ ” “
, , ,

sh o u ld be c a re fully ta u gh t P up i l s sh o u ld be e nc o uraged to be o n t he
.

a le rt f or s h o rt m e th o ds of so l u ti o n a nd t o so lv e o ra ll y as m a ny o f t h e
,

ro b l e m s as i b l
p p o s s e .

Find the areas of rectangles of these di mensions

L NM EW m R L N rn
'
E O rn
'

1 5 1 6 in
. 1 2; i n 1 6
. 1 ft 6 in . . . .

1 7 . 36 ft . 9 yd . 1 8 . 3 5yd .

1 9 . 35ft . 30 in . 20 . 1 25ft .

21 . 1 5 yd . 2 ft 8 . in . 22 . 1 5 ft .

23 . 5 ft 8 . in . 25ft . 24 . 1 2 rd .

25 . Find the peri m eters of the rectangles .

26 . What is the area of the top of a table 4 feet 8

i n ches lon g a nd 2 feet 6 inches w i de ?

27 . A ru
g is 1 44 inches long I ts w idth i s t w o thirds
.

of its le ngth . H o w m any s q u are yards does it cover ?

28 . A lot of land containi ng 6 0 s q u are rods cost 3 1 272 .

How m u ch w o u ld a n acre cost at this rate ?

29 . H o w m any acres in a lot of land 80 rods l ong a nd

24 rods w ide ?

St u dy these sol u tion s

( 1 ) 8 0 x 24 1 920, s q rd . . i n lot .

1 9 20 1 60 1 2, A in lot
. .

12
 ANGLE S 91

Note that in the m echa nical w ork w e tre a t the dim e n

sions as abstract n u m bers .

Find the area in acres of lots of these di m ensions

a m t '
u a m e n

30 . 25 r d . 18 rd; 31 . 32 rd . 25 rd .

32 . 48 r d . 4 5 rd . 33 . 36 rd . 20 rd .

34 . 1 25rd . 1 2} rd . 35 . rd . 20 rd .

36 . 1 6 3 rd
1 . 1 2 rd . 37 . 8 rd . 66 ft .

38 . rd . 2% rd . 39 . rd . rd .

40 . H o w m any rods of fence w o u ld be re qu ired to

i n close each lot ?
41 . H o w m any acre s in a lot 20 rods s q u are
42 . What part of an acre is a lot containing 20 s q u are
rods
The perim eter of a s q u are lot
43 . i s 1 00 rods . H ow
many acres in the lot ?

44A s q u are lot has an area of

. 25 s q u are rods . F in d
the dis tance arou nd it .

45 . A field 80 rods by 45 rods w a s divided into 5 e q u al

fields . H ow m any acres in each lot ?

46 . H o w m any
acres in a lot one q u arter of a m ile lo n g
and one eighth of a m ile w ide ? H o w m any rods aro u nd
the lot
47 A park reservation 6 8 rods by 4 0 rods has 26 trees
.

to the acre H o w m any trees in the r eservation ?

.

ANGLE S

The di fi e ren ce i n direction bet w een tw o straight lin es

th a t m eet is an a ngle .
92 AD V AN C E D A R I T H E T I C M
The m eeting point of the t w o straig ht lines is the ver tez
of the angle .

The lines are the sides o f the angle .

FI G U R E 1 FI G UR E 2 FIG UR E 3

When the sides for m a s q u are corner the angle is a ,

°

r ig ht a ng le ( Fig
. .

When the sides for m a right angle they are p erp endi c ,

u la r to each other Th u s i n fig u re 1 the vertical line A C

.
'

a n d the horizontal line E Uare perpendic u lar to each other .

A n angle less tha n a right angle is an a cu te a ng le .

( F ig .

A n angle greater than a right angle is an o btu se a ng le .

( Fig .

QUAD R ILATE R ALS

A fig u re bo u nded by straight lines is a p olyg on .

A polygon of fo u r sides is a qu ad r i la ter a l .

L i nes w hich have the sam e di rection are p ar a lle l lin es .

Q adrilaterals are classified according to their paralle l

u

sides
1
( ) A q u adrilateral w hose O pposite sides are parallel is
a p a r a llelogra m .

( )
a A parallelogra m w h ose angles are right angles is a
r e c ta ng le.
( Fig .

FI G U R E 1 F IG U R E 2 F I GU R E 3 FI G U R E 4
94 ADVAN C E D A R I T H M E T I C

The altitu de of a parallelogra m is its height from i ts

b ase .

2 . Cut into tw o pieces and arrange the pieces to for m

a rectangle .

3C o m pare the bases of the parallelogram and the

.

rectangle .

4 . C om pare their altitu des .

5 . What is the area of the rectangle Of the parallelo

gram
6 . W hat m u st be know n to find the area of a parallelo
gra m
The a r ea o f a
p a r a llelogr a m i s equ a l to the p r odu c t f
o i ts
ba se a nd i ts al ti tu d e.

Find the areas of parallelogra m s of these di m ensions

L NG H E W H T L NG H ID T W E T I DT R

7 1 8 ft
. 1 25ft . 8 1 5 in in . . . .

9 . 77;
1 ft . 55
, f t . 1 0 . 18 ft . 6 in . 1 2 ft .

1 1 .
’
1 6 " ’
1 6 ”
1 2 .
’
3 3 ” ’
2 6 "
1 3 . 5 yd . 8 5ft . 1 4 . 6 yd . 4 yd . 6 in .

1
1 5 . 52: ft . 1 3 ft . 1 6 . . 75 yd . . 5 yd .

1 7 . rd . rd . 1 8 . 48 ft . 1 5 yd .

1 9 . Make u p proble m s i n fi nding areas of parallelogra m s .

FIND ING ARE AS OF T RAPE Z OID S

The altitu de of a trapezoid is the perpendic u lar dis

ta nce bet w een its p a rallel sides .

1 . W hat is the altit u de of figu re 1 O f figu re 2?

2 . Ou t from paper a trapezoid like fig u re 1 .

 F IN D IN G A R EAS OF T RAPE Z O I D S 95

FIG U R E 1 FIGU R E 2

3 F ol d so that the u pper e dge i s on a line w ith the

.

lo w er edge C rease
. C u t on the line o f the crease
. .

A rrange the tw o pieces to form a rectangle .

4 . What tw o sides of the trapezoi d form the b ase of

the rectangle ? What is the length of the ba se
5 . What is the altitu de of the trapezoid ? The alti
t u de o f the trapezoid is w hat part of the altit u de of the
r ectangle

6 . What is the are a of the rectangle ? Of the trapezoid ?

7 . Ou t fro m paper a trapezoid like figu re 2 Fold .
,

o u t, a n d arra nge the pieces to for m a parallelogra m .

8. W hat the base of t he parallelogra m ? I ts alti

is
tu de I ts area ? What is the area of the trapezoid ?
A trapezoid is e q u al to a parallelogram w hose base is
the su m of the parallel sides of the trapezoid and w hose ,

altitu de is one half the altitu de of the trapezoid .

The f i
tr ap ez oi d
l t n h lf th d t f
a r ea o a s eq u a o o e a e
p ro u c o

i ts a lti tu de a nd the su m of i ts p a r a llel sides .

9 . W hat is the area of a trapezoid w hose

parallel
s i d es are 24 feet and 16 feet , and w hose altit u de is 9 feet ?

16 40, su m of parallel sides .

20
625 2 1 80, area m s q u are fee t .

2
96 A DVAN C E D AR IT H M E T I C

F ind the areas of trapezoids of these di m ensi ons

P ARA LLE L Sm xs Am m o:

1 0 . 10 ft and
. 6 ft . 5 ft .

1 1 . 18 in and. 1 2 in . 5 in .

1 2 . 25 ft . and 1 5 ft . 10 ft .

1 3 . 24 ft and 1 5ft
. . 20 in .

1 4 . 24 rd and 1 6 rd
. . 14 rd .

1 5 . 4 yd and . 3 yd . 2 yd .

1 6 . ft and . ft . 5 ft .

1 7 . yd and . . 8 yd . 75 yd .

1 8 . What is the area of a trapezoid if the bas e is 20 i n .

,

th e side parallel to the base 1 2 in .

, and the altitu de 8 in ?
.

1 9 . The t w o parallel sides of a trapezoid are 16 ft and

.

22 ft .
, and the altitu de is 8 ft Find the area . .

20 . H o w m any sq u are
rods in a fo u r sided field w ho se -

t w o parallel sides are respectively 4 0 rods and 3 0 rods , , ,

and the distance bet w een t h e m is 1 5 rods ?

21Make a proble m abo u t a trapezoid D ra w t h e
. .

diagra m w ork o u t the proble m and ask yo u r teacher t o

, ,

give the proble m to the cl a ss to sol v e .

T RIANGLE S
A polygon of three sides is a tr i ang le .

Triangles m a y be classified in t w o w ays

I W ith respect to their sides
. .

A triangle havi ng three e qu al si des is an equ i la ter a l

tr i a ng le ( Fig . .

A triangle ha vin g t w o e q u al sides is an i sosceles tr i

a ng le ( Fig . .
98 A DVAN C E D A R I T H M E T I C

3 The peri meter of a right angled triangle is 6 inche s

.
-
.

T he base i s 1 4 inches and the alti tu de 2 inches What is .

the lengt h of the third side ?

4 .The perim eter of an isosceles tria ngle is 1 5 inches .

The base is 3 inches H o w long is each of the other

.

sides ?

5 The sides of a scalene triangle are 1 4inches 2% inches

.
, ,

and 3 inches What is its peri m eter ?

.

6 A watch char m in the shape of an e qu ilateral tri

.

angle re q u ires a gol d band 27} inches long to inclose it .

W hat is the length of one side Of the charm

7 . H o w m any feet
of fencin g will enclose an equ ilateral
trian gu lar flo wer bed one of whose sides is
,
feet ?

F IND ING ARE AS OF T RIANGLE S

A straight line connecting the opposite corners of a

q u adrilateral is a diagonal The line AB is a diagonal o f
.

fi g u re 1 .

F I G UR E I

1 . Ou t fro m paper a rectangle w hose base is 3 inches

a nd w hose altitu de is 2 inches .

2 . W hat is the area of this rectangle ?

3 . Cu t along the diagonal C o m pare the areas of the
.

two triangles by placing one over the other .

4 .The area of each triangle is w hat part of the are a

of th e rectangle ? What is the area of each triangle ?
 FINDING A REAS OF T R I AN GLE S 99

5 .fro m paper triangles like figu re 2 and figu re 3

Ou t .

Cu t on dotte d li n es ; arrange parts to for m rectangles .

Sho w that each triangle is e qu al to a rectangle w hose base

is e q u al to the base of the triangle and w hose altit u de is
one half of the altitu de of the trian gle .

FI G UR E 2 F I G UR E 3

The a r ea o f a tr i a ng le i s e ual
q to one ha lf the p rodu c t f
O

i ts ba se an d i ts a lti t ude .

Find areas of these triangles

Rm Am m o; BASS Am m an

6 . 1 2 in . 5 in . 7 . 18 in . 10 in .

8 . 1 5 ft . 8 ft . 9 . 20 ft . 1 5 ft .

10 . 24 ft . 1 5 in . 1 1 . 1 ft . 8 in . 1 ft .

1 2 . 5 yd . 3 yd . 1 3 . 1 2 ft . ft .

14 . yd . ft . 1 5 . rd . . 75 rd .

The base of a right angled tri angle is

1 6 .
-
8 feet a n d th e
a ltit u de is 5 feet What is the area .

The base and altitu de of a triangle are each

1 7 . 16
i n ches What is the area ?
.

1 8 . What is the area of a triang u lar lot of land w hose

b a se is 20 yards and w hose altit u de is 25 feet ?

1 9 . H ow m any acres in a triang u lar lo t of land w hose

b a se and altit u de are res pecti vely 4 0 rods and 24 rods ?
, ,

20 Make
. u
p proble m s in finding areas and peri m e te rs
o f triangles .
1 00 ADVAN C E D A R I T H M E T I C

D RAWING L
T O S CA E Written
1 . M
ake a diagra
”
m of the top s u rface of the teacher s ’

d esk . Scale 4
’
2Make a diagra m of the s ide of the teacher s desk
"
.

facing the school on a scale of g ,

3 . R epresent on paper the area of the schoolroo m floor .

Scale 1 ”
8 ’

C o m p u te the n u m ber of s q u are feet in the floor .

C om p u te the cost of the floor boards at 6 cents per

squ are foot .

” ”
4Make a diagram of a pict u re
. 24 by 20 s u rro u nded
” ”
b y a 2 fra m e Scale 3 .

5 . M a ke a diagra m of the door leading fro m the school

r oo m into the hall on a scale of 1 inch 1 foot, .

6 Make a diagra m of the lo w er sash of one of the

.

schoolroo m w indo w s letting 1 inch represent 6 inches , .

C o m p u t e the area of the lighting s u rface .

7 D ra w a rectangle 2§ inches by L} inches

. Thi s .

fig u re represents the gro u nd plan of a ho u se draw n on a

s cale of inc h to 4 feet Find the di ensions of th e
} 7 m .

ho u se and the area covered by the ho u se .

8 Fo u r adj oi n ing ho u se lots are respectively 45 ft

.
, , .
,

6 0 f t 9 0 f t a n d 75 ft on the street side

.
, .
, E ach lot i s . .

1 20 ft deep . .

( ) D
a ra w a diagra m of the lots on a scale of 1 inch t o

6 0 feet .

( )
b C o m p u te the val u es of the lots at 1 8 £ cents p e r L

s qu are foot .
1 02 ADVAN C E D A R I T H M E T I C

I f the si x rectangles are s qu ares the s olid is

, a c u be
.

( F ig . J
.

F I G UR E I F I G UR E 2

1 A l foot c u be is a cu be
.
-
inches long
w ide and , inches thick I t con tains .

i nches .

2 A l yard c u be is a c u be
.
-
feet long ,

wide and , feet thick I t contains c u bic

.

C u bic m easu re is u sed in m eas u ring vol u m es .

3 L earn
.

T ABLE OF CUBI C ME AS URE

A load of earth sand etc is a c u bic yard, ,

.
, .

4 H o w m any inch c u bes can be c u t fro m a c u bic foo t

.

of w ood ?
5 What is the vol u m e of a 2 inch c u be
.
-

6 .A 2 inch c u be is h o w m any t im es as large as 3 2

-

c u b i c inches ?
7 .H o w m any 1 inch c u bes are re qu ired to bu il d a
-
.

4 inc h c u be ?
-
 FINDING V O LU M
ES 1 03?

8 . H o w m an W -
inch c u bes a re e qu al in v ol u m e to as

4 i fic h
-
c u be
9 . H o w m any
blo cks 1 in ch x 1 inch x 1 inch can be
pac ked i n a box 4 inches x 2 inches x 3 i nches ?
1 0 A c u bic foot is e q u al to h o w m any 6 inch c u be s
.
? -

1 1 A block of w ood 8 inches long 4 inches w i de a nd

.
, ,

2 inches thick w ill m ake h o w m any 1 inch c u bes ? -

1 2 A cake of ice 1 yard long 1 yard w ide and 1 yard

.
, ,

th ick is c u t into cakes 1 foot long 1 foot w ide an d 1 foo t , ,

.

thick H o w m any ?
.

1 3 A c u bic foot is w hat part of a cu bic yard ?

.

1 4 Nine c u bic fe e t are w hat part of a load of sand ?

.

1 5 Thirty six c ubic yards are h o w m any c u bic feet ?

.
-

16 T w e n ty seven h u n dred c u bic feet of earth are carte d

.
-

for filling H o w m any loads ?

.

BINDING VOLUME S Or a l a nd Wri tten .

T heVol u m e of a soli d is t h e n u m ber of c u bi c u nits it .

c onta ins .

1 W hat is the vol u m e of a rectang u lar prism

. 4 in ch es:
l ong 2 inches w ide and 6
, ,

inches h igh
Fig u re 3 represents the
pris m F igu re 4 represents
.

1 c u bic inch The proble m .

is find h o w m any c u bic

!to
u nits like fig u r e 4 there a re

in fi gu re 3 .

Th e u nit of m eas u re m ent

“ 0 03 3 3 FIGU R E 4 »

Is 1 c u b i c I nch .
1 04 A DV AN C E D A R IT H M E T I C

I n the fro nt ro w of the low est layer th ere are 4 c u bi c

i nches .

I n both ro w s O f the layer there are 2 ti m es 4 c u bic inches ,

or 8 c u bic in c hes .

I n th e six layers there are 6 ti m es 8 c u bic i nche s or 4 8 ,

c u bic inches .

The steps taken are

F i rst D eterm ine the u nit of m easu re m ent
. .

S ec ond Find the n u m ber of c u bic u nits in 1 r ow

. .

Thi r d M u ltiply the n um ber of c u bic u nits in 1 r o w

.

by the n u m ber of ro w s .

F our th M u ltiply the n u m ber of c u b ic u nits in 1 laye r

.

b y the n u m ber of layers .

Think first of the u nit of m easu re m ent .

The volu me f
o a soli d ca n a lwa s
y be f ou n d by mu ltip lyi ng
together i ts length, i ts wi dth, a nd i ts he ig ht, when a ll ar e
exp r essed i n the sa m e u ni t o f m ea surem en t i n c hes, f
( eet,

a r ds,
y
Find the volu m es of these pris m s
L NG H BR A
E H H G T E DT EI HT LENG TH BRE AD T H HEI G HT

1 0 ft 3 ft 6 ft . ? . . 1 2 in . 6 in . 5 in .

9 yd . 4 yd . 5 yd .
”
5 4 ft .
1
23, ft . 1 ft .

ft . 2 ft . ft . S 3 ft . ft . . 5 ft .

3 ft . 9 in . 6 in . P 4 yd . 9 ft . 2 ft .

1 0 . 8 ft . 6 ft . 2 yd . 11 . 9 ft . 2 yd . 5 ft .

1 2 1 yd 1 ft 2 ft 1 3 27 in 2 ft 9 in
M H bbard has in his barn an
. . . . . . . .

l 1 4 . r. u bin 6 5 fee t
oat

l o ng ,fe e t w ide and

3 , 4 feet deep . What is its capacity
in c u bic fe e t
1 06 A DVAN C E D A R I T H M E T I C

23 B a seballs are p u t u p i n pasteboard cases 3 inches

.

long 3 i nches w ide and 3 inches high

, , H o w m any ca .

be packed in a bo x 1 8 inches long 1 5 inches w i de an , ,

K 2 inches deep ?
24 A pile of w ood 8 feet lon g 4 feet w ide an d 4 fee
.
, ,

h igh is 1 cor d H o w m any c u bic feet in a cord ?

.

25 One eighth of a cord is a cord foot H o w m a n

. .

c u bic feet in a cord foot ?

26 L earn
.

T ABLE OF WOOD ME AS URE

27 . H o w m any cords in a pi le of w ood 16 feet

4 feet by feet ? 4
28 H o w m any cord feet in a pile of w ood 4 feet b
.

4 feet by 4 feet ?
29 At
. per cord foot w hat is a cord of m ap l
,

w ood w orth ?
30 Mr B ald w in bo u ght 3 cord fee t of pine w ood fo
. .

What w as the rate per cord ?

31 H o w m any cords of spru ce in a pile c o n ta in i n
.

704 c u bic feet ?

32 H o w m any cords of hard w oo d i n a pile c o ntai n i n
.

704 cord feet ?

Find the n u m ber of cords of w ood in piles of thes

di m ensions
L NG E W H
TH H GH IDT L NG H EIW T E T IDTH

33 . 8 ft 4 ft
. 8 ft 34 1 5 ft
. 4 ft
. . . .

35 . 20 ft 4 ft
. 1 2 ft 36 1 2 ft
. 4 ft
. . . .

25 ft 4 ft
’

37 . . 8 ft 38 1 8 ft
. 4 ft
. . . .
 S UR FA C E S OF R E C T AN G U LA R P R I SM S 1 07

39 A t 3 8 a cord w hat is the val u e of a pile of w oo d

.
,

1 2 fee t long 4 feet w ide and 9 feet high ?

, ,

40 H o w m any cords of bark in a pile 1 6 feet long

.
,

8 feet w ide and 1 0 feet high

,

41 A freight car 30 feet long h as on it a pile of pin e

.

w ood 8 feet w ide and 8 feet high Ho w m any cords ? .

R A E
S U F C S OF RE CT ANGULAR P RI S M S

1 D ra w on cardboard or sti ff pa per a di agram lik e

.

fi gu r e 2 C u t it o u t
. C rease on dotte d lines and fol d
.

t o m ake a rectang u lar prism like fig u re 1 Se w p in .

, ,

o r paste the e dges together .

FIGU R E 1 F I GU R E 2

1 in .

H o w m any
sides or faces has this pris m What is th e
ar e a of the top and botto m faces ? O f the front and bac k
fa c es ? Of the t w o side faces ? Of the six faces ?
2 D raw a diagra m sho w ing the face s of a 2 i n ch c u be
.
-
.

3 What is the su rface area of a 5 inch c u be ? Of a

.
-

?
6 inch c u be
-

4 R epresent b y di agram the s u rface of a block of wood

.

2 i nc h es by 2 inches by 3 inches What is the s u rfac e

.

a re a ?
1 08 AD VANC E D ARITH MT IC
E

5 Make a diagram sho w ing the s u rface of a brick

.

8 inches lon g 4 inches w ide and 2 inches thick Scal e

"
.
, ,

1 What is the s u rface area ?

6 . What is the s u rface area of a bo x 1 2 inches by 9
”
i nches by 3 inches ? Scale 1

7 .Find the s u rface are a s of the prism s in e x a m ples 2

to 1 3 on page 1 04 .

8 .Make a diagram of the o u tside s u rface of a re c ta n

gu lar collar bo x w itho u t cover O f an envelope bo x
. .

RE VIE W E XE RCIS E Wri tten

1 This diagra m represe nts a field divide d into fou r
.

lots C opy it and ans w er these q u estions abou t it

.
,

Scale 4" 20 rods

1
( ) What kind of figu re is lot No 1 . ? What are i ts
di m ensions ? What is its area in acres ?
1 10 AD VAN C E D A R I T H M E T I C

3
( ) What is th e a rea in s qu are fee t of the c ell ar floor ?
In s qu are yar ds

4
( )The cellar w as e x cavate d t o a depth of 6 feet .

H o w m any c u bic feet of earth w ere re m oved ? H o w

m u ch did the labor cost at 3 1 a load ?
5
( ) A ce m ent floor 3 inches thick w a s laid in the cellar .

H o w m any c u bic feet of m aterial w ere u sed ? How

m any c u bic yards

Wr i tten
‘s .

LIQUID ME AS URE Or a l an d

1 . A pint is w hat part of a q u art ? Of a gallon ?

2 . A q u art is w hat par t of a gallon ?
3 . What part of a gallon is 2 qu arts ? 3 q u arts ?
4 . A t 4 cents a pint a q u art of m ilk w ill cost
c ents and a gallon w ill cost
, cents .

5 . A t 9 0 cents a q u art what w ill a gallon of olive

,

c ost ? A pint ?
 LI Q UI D M EASU R E 111

6 . E xpress 1 5q u a rts as g allons ; as pi nts .

7 . E xpress 1 7 pints as qu arts ; as gallons .

8 . H O W m any pints in 2 gal . 3 qt . I n 54 gal .

9 . H o w m any pints in 2 gal . 1 qt . In 1 gal . 1 qt .

1 pt .

1 0 . Ho w m any
pints of c rea m i n a gallon j ar i -
f ull ?
A t 3; cents a q u art w hat is receive d for a c an of
, m il k
c ontaining 2 gallons 1 q u art ?

/
1 1 5 H o w m any
q u art j a rs can b e fille d fro m a kettl e
c ontaining 2 gallons of preserves ?
4
1 2 . Ho w m an y gallons of sir u p in a dozen bottles eac h
h ol d ing g of a q u art ?
1 3 A ba rrel of vinegar (3 1 % gallons) is to be p u t u p i n
.

hal f gallqn bottles H o w m any bottles w ill be re q u ired ?

-
.

A 5 gallo n carboy of spring

1 4 .
-
w ater costs 25 cents .

What is the rate per q u art ?

1 5 A t 6 4 cents a gallon
.
, w ha t is the cost of 1 4 p i nts

o f m achine oil ?

1 6 A t 5 cents a q u art h o w
.
, m u ch m u st be pai d fo r 1
g allon 2 q u arts of vinegar ?

1 7 . H o w m any gallons in 2 doze n bottles each hol ding

,

1 qu art pint ? 1
1 8 H o w m any h alf pint bottles can b e filled fr o m
.
-
a

j g
u containing 2 gallons 2 q u arts 2 pints ?

1 9 Mr C hapin u ses a gallon of gasolene in driv in g

. .

his a u to m obile 1 8 m iles H o w far can he go if he has

.

M
4 gallons 3 q u arts of gasolene ?
20 At . 15 cents a g allon h o w m u ch , d oes it cost r .

C hapi n to r u n hi s a u to m obile 1 m il e
112 ADVAN C E D A R I T HM E T I C

D RY MA
E S URE Ora l a nd Wri tten

E xpress as b u shels : 20 p e ek s ; 2 bu
’
1 . . 4 qt ; 1 bu . .

7 qt .
; 72 q t.

b u ; 1 bu 3 k
2 . E X p re ss as pecks g «
.
p ; . . 1 5 qt ; 4 b u
. .

3 . E xpress as qu arts : 1 % pecks ; 2 bu 3 .

p k ; 2 . k
4p ; .

4 bu .

4 A t 2 cents a qu a rt a peck of cor n w ill cost

.

c ents and a b u shel w ill cost

,
cents .

5 A qu art is w hat part of a peck

. Of a b u shel ?

6 What part of a peck is 1 qu art ? 3 q u arts ? 5 q u arts ?

.

7 qu arts ? 2 q u arts ? 4 q u arts ? 6 q u arts ?

7 W hat part of a b u shel i s 1 peck
. 3 pecks
2 p eek s ?
8 . A b u shel of oats w eighs 32 po u nds What is t he .

w eight of a peck A q u art ? 1 4 b u shels 24 pecks ?

9 . A bu shel of cor n w eighs 56 po u nds What is th e .

w eight of a peck 1L
A q u art ? 1 2 b u shels ?
1 0 .A b u shel of w heat w eighs 6 0 po u nd s What i s .

t h e w eight of a pec k A q u art ? i of a b u shel ? 25b u shels

1 1 .At 1 2 cents a q u art, w hat w ill 24 pecks of cran
berrie s cost
1 2 .I f a berry basket holds 3 of a qu art h o w m any ,

baskets can be filled fro m a b u shel of bl u e berrie s

1 3 .H o w m any bo xes eac h containing 23 pecks can be
, ,

filled from a bi n holding 25 bu shels of app les ?

l 14 AD VANC E D AR IT H M E T I C

4 . M
. .
’
Make o u t r A lfre d S Hos m er s bill for 75 of a .

ton of fertilizer at 3 36 a ton .

5 . A t the rate of 3 1 8 a ton h o w m u ch w ill 2 ton s

,

1 2 h u ndred pou nds of hay cost

6 . H o w m a n y ordi nary tons in a ship m ent of
po u nds of coal ? H o w m a ny long tons
7 . A far mer received 3 40 fo r 1 4 tons of potatoes sell ,

ing the m by the b u shel of 6 0 pou nds H o w m u ch did he

.

r e ceive per b u shel

.

8 . A c u bic foot of w ater w eighs 1 000 o u nces . Ho w

m any po u nds
9 . H o w m any c u bic feet of w ater w eigh 1 ton
4200 1 0 These
. n u m bers represent the w eight i n

3 750 p ou nds of t w elve loads of co a l d elivered at a

4 750 s choolhou se .

48 04 1
( ) W hat w as the w eight of each load in tons ?
4 29 0 2
( ) W hat w a s the total w eight in po u nds
4 3 70 I n tons ?
4 76 0 ( )3 Find the cost at a ton .

58 6 0 ( )4 H o w m any long tons in all the loads

548 0 1 1 Mr B artlett bou ght a ton of fertilize r
. .

4 53 0 for and retailed it by the hu ndre d

4 9 20 w eight at the rate of 2 cents a pou nd What .

4 250 w as his profit ?

PE RCE NT AGE
1 . H o w m any cents i n a dollar ?
2 . How m any h u ndredths of a dollar is
ce nt s ? 25 cents ? 50 cents 6 2 cents ? 8 7
?

cents ?
 PE R C EN T AG E 1 15

3 . Into ho w m any h u nd re dth s c an a m il e

b e se parated ?
An acre of la nd ? A bu shel of g rai n ? A barrel of flo u r ?
A n y thing ?
W hen think of a thing as divi ded into 1 00 e q u al
we

p ar ts w e,speak of TO O or: 0 1 of it
. as 1
, p er c en t of it ; 05 .

o f it as 5 per cent of it ; 50 of i t a s 50 per cent of it a nd

.

s o on .

The e xpression p er cent is an abbreviation of the L ati n

hrase er cen tu m m eaning by the hu n dr e d
p p , .

R ecko n ing by the h u ndre d is s u ch an easy w ay of c om

tation that it is largely u se d in b u siness
p u .

The sign m ea n s the sa m e as the w or ds per cen t .

Th u s 25 per cent and 25 m ean the sam e thing

, .

There is n o principle in percentage not already u se d

i n integers an d fractions I n percentage w e are si m ply
.

t hi n ki n g of things as m ade u p of 1 00 e q u al parts or 1 00 ,

h u ndredths .

4 . What per cent of a centu ry is I OU of it ? fi —

G of it ?
61
1 06
of it ?
5 . What per cent of a m ile is 01 of it ? . 17 of it ? . 56
of it ?
6 . What per cent of any thi ng is 1 9
1 30 of it ? . 25 of it ?
Hf}— of it ?

7 What pe r cent of 1 yard is 1 yard ? What per

.

c e nt of a yar d is 1 ? of a
} of a yard } of a yard ? 7

y ard ?

8 . What per cent of 1 is 1 ? Wha t p er ce nt of 1 is 2?

W hat per cent of 1 is 4 ?
9 W hat per cent of a thing
. is the whole of it ? 5o f
i t 4 o f it ? 4 of it 1 6 of it ?
? ? 1
1 16 ADVAN CE D AR I T H E T I C M
1 0 . Wh at p e r cent of 1 is 4? What p er c e nt of 1 is 1 ?

g?

1 1 . Gra c e spelle d 9 0 per cent of the w o rds in the spell

i ng le sson . What per c en t of the w ords di d she m isspell ?
1 2 . The grocer sol d a barrel of flo u r at a loss of 1 0 p er
c ent . What per ce n t of the cost di d he receive ?
’
F o x es ki lled 25 per cen t of Mr Marston s chicke ns
1 3 . . .

What per cent w as left ?

I f he had
1 4 . 60 at first , h o w m a ny w ere kille d ? Ho w
m an y w ere le ft

1 5 . E xpress these per cen ts deci m ally

1 % 7% % 97 21 0 37 % 63 7 0 71 % 93 %
1 6 . E xpress these deci m als w ith t he S ign
. 01 . 03 . 11 17 . 41 . 67 83 97

F RACT IONS AS EQUIVALE NT PER CE NT S

1 . H o w m an y
h u n dre d ths of a doll ar is the w hole of

it ? What per cen t of it ?

4 of
2 a
. d o ll ar is h o w m any h u ndre dths of it ? Wha t
e r cent of it ?
p
E xpress as h u n dre dths and as per cents
1 59
Thu s .

16 6
,
2

3
i 4 .
g 5 .
4 e . 7 .
g
1 8
e .
g 9 .
g 1 0 .
g 1 1 .
1 6
1 2 .
1 6

1 3 .
1
36
1 4 .
76
9 1 5 .
13 1 7 .

18 .
1
26 1 9 .
44 20 .
33
-
22 .

3 3g gg
4
23 .
4g 24 . 25 . 27 .
1 18 A DVAN C E D ARI TH MT C E I

So m e per cents have su ch si m ple fractional e q u ivalents

t hat they sho u ld be m e m orize d an d u sed w henever possible

in solving proble m s The follo w ing table gives the m ore

.

c o m m on ones .

T AB LE or E QUIVALE NT S

50 % = g
sor
e s

= 70 % = z
eo % g T, g
m
,

8 0 95 4 ,
83 ,
1
}
/

NO T E . D ri ll h ld
s ou be give n on the a bo ve ta b le u nti l equi vale nts

are m astere d .

F IND ING T HE PERCENTAGE OF A NU M

BER
Or a l a nd Wri tten
The per cent of a n u m ber or a q u antity is the p er centage .

Thu s 1 0 % of 80 is 8 ; 8 is the perce n tage 25 70 of

, .

$ 20 is $ 5 ; $ 5 is the percentage .

I n the center space u se

70 70 ;

16

I n the ce n ter Space u se ; i 5

\
0 6 2g
75 z 8 71}
 PROB LE M S 119

Find 50 of

In the center space u se 3 3570 6 6§

4 . Find

W rite in the center spac e 24 0 ac res of l a nd ;

$ 300 ; 4 20 ba rrels of oil ; a nd so on .

5 . Find

Write in the center space b u shels ; 1 6 0 s q u are rods ;

80
$ 200 ; 3 20 rods ; 8 6 0 days ; a nd so on .

Make u p proble m s base d on the com binations giv en i n -

the fi ve e xercises above .

PROBLE M S Or a l ‘

1 C arl h as c o mple t e d
. 60 % of his w ork . H o w m u ch
re m ai ns to be done ?

2 . M ‘
’
ary s record in a s pelli ng test w a s 9 0 Th ere
w er e 50 w or ds . How m any did she spell correctly ?
1 20 ADVA N C E D A RI TH MT I
E C

3 . C harles paid 50 cents for a knife He sold . it fo r

20 less t han he paid H o w m u ch did he lose ?
.

4 . E d w ard paid 6 0 ce n ts for his knife He sold it . fo r

25 m ore than he paid Ho w m u ch did he gain ?
.

5
’
A baseball team s standing is given as 75
. W hat
d oes this m ean ? H o w m any of the 48 ga m es played has
it w o n ?
6A loaf of bread costs the baker 4 cents He sells
. .

it at a gain of 25 H o w m u ch does he receive for it

Joh n has 6 0 m arbles and Will has 25
7 . m ore . H ow
m any has Will ?

8 . O ne
a u to m obile travels at t he rate o f 30 m iles an
h ou r and another 8 0 % a s fast What is the ra te of t he
.

second ?

9 . M
a x s ol d 72 ne w spapers o u Th u rsd a y a nd 1 2
.
7
5
m ore on Friday H o w m any did he sell o n Friday ?
.

1 0 E llen bo u ght 1 2 yards of cloth She u se d

. .

of it in m aking a dress H o w m a ny yards did she u se

.
?

1 1 Mr Morris gathered 1 2 b u shels of to m atoes f ro m

. .

h is V ines He sol d 50 % of the m to the grocer, 25% OI

.

t he m to neighbors a n d kept the rest for his o wn u se

, .

H o w m any b u shels di d he keep ?

PROBLE M S

1 Mr How es had a far m of 1 28 acres He sold 75

. . .

p e r cent of it H o w m any acres did he sell ?

.

St u dy these three sol u tions

1
( ) 1 28 To find 75% of a n u m ber is to fi nd
75 . 75 of it ; that i s to m u ltiply th e n u m
,

ber by 75 . .
1 22 A DV AN C E D A RI TH MT IC
E

H o w m u ch is taken o ff the reg u lar price on each

ar ticle
2
( ) W hat is the sale price of each article

FIND ING WHAT PER C NT

E ONE M
NU BER IS OF ANOTHER
Ora l a nd Wri tten
What part of 1 00 is 1 ? 3? 7? 1 9? 33 ?

H o w m any h undredths Of 1 00 is 9? 1 3? 27 ?

What per cent of 1 00 is 5? 8 ? 25? 4 5? 50 ?

4 What part of 20 is 5? H OW m any h u ndredths of
.

20 is 5? What per cent of 20 is 5?

5 What part of 20 is 1 5? H o w m any h u ndredths ?

.

What per cent ?

a W ha t per cent of $ 1 0 is 51 ? as? as ? $ 4 ?
.

$ 5? $ 6? $ 7? $ 8? $9? $ 1 0?
7 . What part of a dozen oranges is
oranges ? E x 6

p re s s th e a ns w er 1
( ) as a co m m on fraction 2
( ) as a deci ,

m al and ( 3) as a per cent

, .

8 What per cent of a gallon is 1 q t

.
? 2 qt ? 3 qt ? . . .

4 qt .
?

9 . What per cent of a gallon is 1 pt ? . 3 pt ? . 2 qt .

1 pt . ? 3 % qt ? .

1 0 . What per cent of a foot is

2 inches ? 3 inches ? 4 inches ? 6 inches ?
8 i n ches ?
9 inches ? 1 0 inches ? 1 2 i n ches ?

1 1 . \Vh a t per cent of a day is represented by

3 ho u rs ? 4 ho u rs ? 6 ho u rs ? 8 ho u rs ?
9 hou rs ?
1 2 ho u rs ? 1 5 ho u rs ? 1 6 ho u rs ?
18 ho u rs ? 20 ho u rs ? 21 ho u rs ? 24 ho u rs ?
 PROBLE M S 1 23

Tell w hat per cent of

1 2 . 1 4 is7 1 3 . 1 2 is 4 1 4 . 30 is 6
1 6 . 36 is 9 1 7 . 60 is 6 1 8 . 48 is 8

20 . 24 is 24 21 . 24 is 16 22 . 27 is 18

24 . 4 0 is 1 6 25 . 20 i s 1 2 26 . 27 is 27

as . 60 is 48 29 . 32 is 20 30. 56 is 49

32 . 40 is 36 33 . 60 is 42 34 . 36 is 30

36 . E xpress as per cents of an hou r

( 1) 6 0 m in . 2
( ) 1 5 m i n ; 4 5.m i n .

3
( ) 3 0 m i n 4
( )
. 2 0 m i n ; 4 0 m i.n .

5
( ) 3 m i n .
( )
6 1 0 m i n ; 5 0 m i.n .

7
( ) 1 2 m i n ; 1 8 m .i n ; 3 6 m i n .
; 4 8 m i n . .

8
( ) 6 m i n ; 1 8 .m i n ; 4 2 m i n .
; 5 4 m i n . .

9
( ) 9 m i n ; 2 1 .m i n ; 2 7 m i n .
; 51 m i n . .

PROBLE M S Ora l

1 . T wob oys m o w ed a la w n for 40 cents Th e y sh ared .

th e gain e q u ally W hat per cent of the pay did each ge t ?

.

2 . Tw o m en plo w ed a fi eld One plo w ed of it a n d

.

the other What p e r ce nt of the pay s ho u ld e ach

r e ceive
3 Ja m es is 3 ye a rs O ld R obert is 1 5 ye a rs old
. . . IV h a t
’ ’
e r cent of R obert s age i s J a m es s age ?
p
4 C larence collected $ 20 for a n e w sp aper co m pan y
. .

T h ey p a id h i m 8 2 This w a s w hat per c e nt o f the m o n e y

.

c o llected

5 B lanche solve d 8 of the

. 10 e x a m pl e s given to th e

c l ass What per cent ?

.
 4 A DV AN C E D A R IT H MI ET C

M
6Fo u r boys hoed a patch of potatoes A lbert w ork e d
. .

4 ho u rs Sa m 3 ho u rs E rnest 2 ho u rs and
, a x 1 ho u r
, , .

What per cent of th e w or k did each do ?

7 . T he 4 0
p u pils in an evening sc hool a re e ngaged as
follo w s : 4 are st u dyin g dra w ing 6 stenography 8 type , ,

w riting 1 0 m an u al traini ng hnd 1 2 gra m m ar

, What per , .

cent of the p u pils are engaged in each st u dy ?

8 F ra nces earned 8 25 Sh e bo u ght a dress for $ 1 2 a
. .
,

h a t for $ 4 a pair of shoes for $ 3 and p u t 8 6 in the bank

, , .

What per cent of her 8 25 did she pay for eac h a rticle ?
What per cent of her earnings did she save ?
9 The W ashington Ha m ilton Jefferson a nd L i ncol n
.
, , ,

s chool s p l a yed a se ries o f ball ga m es Of the twelve ga m es .

pl ay e d by each cl u b th e Washingto n s won 4 the H a m ilton s ,

6 th e J e fi e rso n s 9 and th e L incolns 5 E x p re ss th e s ta nd

'

.
, ,

i ng o f each cl u b as a per cent .

PROBLE M S Wri tten

1 Mr B illings sold 21 of the 56 b u shel s o f corn that
. .

h e raised What part of his crop did he sell ? What per

.

c e nt

Stu dy these sol u tions

( 1 ) ii —— =
i = . s7s= s7s%
3 75 . 3 7% 375
2
( )
A far m er had 75 sh eep a nd sol d 3 6
2. of the m .

W hat per cent of his flock did he sell ?

E ighteen of the 1 20 trees i n a w oo d l o t w ere
3 . cut

down This w as w hat per cent of the w hole n u m ber

.
1 26 ADVAN C E D A RI TH MT C E I

1 6 . M A R K DO WN SAL E
-
A T A LI NE N STO R E
A RTIC LE E MU LAR PR I CE SA L E PRIO

T ablecloths , 2 x 2 yd .

Tab leclo ths , 2 x 3 yd .

Napkins (dozen ) 22x 22in , .

Napkins (dozen ) 24 x 24 in , .

T o w els (T u rki sh ) 50 . 375

D a m ask tray cloth s 75 50
P illo w slips 24 15
B lankets (pair)
Sheets 90 . 75
Handkerchiefs 25 . 1 24
1
( ) The sale pri ce o f e ach a rticle w as ho w m u ch less
t h a n the reg u lar price ?

2
( ) The a m o u nt d e d u c t e d i n eac h c as e w a s w hat p e r

c ent of the reg u lar price ?

ORAL PROBLE M S

1 A m erchant b u ys a m o w ing m achine fo r $ 40

. .

a ) I f he sells it for 8 4 8 h o w m u ch w ill he gain ?

( ,

What p ar t of the cost ? What per cent of the cost ?

6
( ) I f he sells it fo r 8 36 h o w m u ch w ill he lose ?
,

Wh a t part of the cost ? What per cent of the cost ?

0 ) H o w m u ch w ill he gain if he sells it at a ga i n o f
(
25 W h at w ill be t he sell ing price
2 . Mr Sanderson o w es a b ill of $ 4 8 0 If he pays
. .

of it a w eek h o w long w ill it take to pay the bill ?

,

!l o w m u ch w ill he pay each w eek ?

3 . What per cent is g a ined w hen a horse that c os t

83200 is sold at a gain of 8 40 ?
 O RA L PROB LE MS 1 27

4 A h u ck ste r b u ys b anan a s at 1 5 cents a d ozen and

.

s ells the m at 20 cents a dozen What per cen t d oes h e

.

g ain ?

5 P au l had a collectio n of 6 0 c oins

. . H o w m any had
he after bu yi ng 20 m ore ?
6 . H o w m any m ore days in Septe m be r after 8 31 of

t h e m onth has p a ssed ?

7A m erchant b u ys ha m m ers at 30 cents apiece and
.

s ells the m at 4 0 cents apiece Wha t pe r cen t d oes he

.

g ain
8 . q u arts of oats a nd 8 qu arts o f corn are m i xe d
If 24
t ogether w hat p e r cent o f the m i xt u re is cor n ?
, What
pe r c ent oats ?
P a u l earns 8 0 cents a day
9 . . Ho w mu ch w ill h e
receive if his w ages are raised 20

1 0 . What per cent of perfect rank does A lice g e t w hen

sh e spells 24 of the 25 w ords in the lesson
1 1Mr C arl ton raise d 72 b u shels of corn He sol d
. . .

25 per cent of it lost 1 24 per cent of it and fe d the res t

, ,

t o his st o ck H o w m any b u shels did he u se ?

.

1 2 . A u stin
picked and sold 8 0 q u arts of berr i es 375 .

p e r cent w ere bl u eberries 20 p e r cent w,ere blac k berri e s .

3 0 per cent w ere stra w berries and 1 24 per cent w ere ,

r aspberries H o w m any q u arts of bl u e berries ? B lac k

.

berries ? Stra w berries R as pberries ?

1 3 . If apays 25 cents a yar d for cloth
dealer , fo r h o w
m u ch m u st he sell it to gain 20 per cent
1 4 B y selling cloth at 25 cents
. a yard a m e rch ant
m ak e s 25 p e r cent Fi nd the cost . .
 1 28 AD VAN C E D A RIT H M E TIC

WRITTEN PROBLE M S

'V 1 A far m er sol d 35 pecks of peas in one w ee k and

.

4 0 % as m any in the follo w ing w eek H o w m any peck s .

in the second w eek ? I n both w eeks ?

Q ~
2 . O ut
of a case of 4 dozen j ars of fru it 5 of a doze n
j ars w ere broken W hat per cent of the lot w as salable
.

l ,
3 . A bicycle that cost w a s sold for 68 of i ts
c ost . H o w m u ch w as receive d for it ?
’
T w enty fiv e
-
per cent of a m an s salary of $ 1 200 is
S pent for foo d . H o w m u ch is spent for food

W 5 The carpenter
. . m ade m e
a table He charge d .

for m a t erials and for labor I s old the tabl e .

« for 81 8 What per cent of the cost did I gain

.

A ho u se that cost 8 2750 w a s sold for

6 . 18% less
than the cost H o w m u ch w as received for it
.

A me rchant sold 1 6 tons o f w heat i n May a nd

f
7 .

85 as m u ch i n J u ne H o w m a n v tons in J u ne ?
.

1 8 hu ndred cases of eggs w ere b o u ght at 8 9 a

. T wo
c ase and sol d at a gain of 20 H o w m u ch w a s gained ?

A piece of silk containing 48 and

‘
9 . yards costi n g
a yard w as sol d at a gain o f 22 Wha t w as th e
gain
Mr P arsons bo u ght a horse for 3 1 50 A fter k ee p
1 0 . . .

i ng it 1 0 w eeks at a cost of $ 5 a w eek he sold it at a gai n

,

of 1 0 of the entire cost Ho w m u ch did h e gain

.

What w as the selli ng price ?

I 11 . Outof 350 b u shels of to m atoes , 280 b u shels w er e
s old . What p e r cent w as sol d ?
1 30 AD VA NC E D ARI T H M E T I C

Second Method

M
Fro m Sept 20 1 9 06 to Sept 20 1 909 is 3 years
.
, , .
, , .

Fro m Se p t 20 1 9 09 t o arch 20 1 9 1 0 is 6 m onth s

.
, , , , .

Fro m M a rch 20 1 9 1 0 to A pril 1 5 1 9 1 0 is 26 d ays

, , , , .

Fro m Sept 20 1 9 06 to A pril 1 5 1 9 1 0 is 3 years 6

.
, , , ,

m onths 26 days .

Thi s m ethod is u se d w hen the e x ac t n u mber of da ys

less than a m onth is re q u ired .

T o TH E T E A C H E R : Te ac h the m e t ho d i n ge ne ral u se a m o ng b u si
n e s s m e n i n y o u r l o c a l i ty .

F ind the di ff erence in tim e in years , m onths , a nd day s

7. Fro m NO V . 1 7, 1 9 00, to May 30, 1 9 04 .

8 . Fro m J u ly 20, 1 9 06 , to D ec . 25, 1 909 .

9 . Fro m A u g 6 , 1 9 03,
. to Jan . 1 , 1 9 08 .

1 0 . From May 24, 1 9 07, to A p ril 3, 1 9 1 0 .

1 1 . Fro m Sept . 1 2, 1 9 05, to J u ly 7, 1 9 07 .

1 2 The battle of C oncord and L e xington occ u r re d

.

April 1 9 1 775 ,C orn w allis s u rrendered at Y orkt o w n

.

Oct 1 9 1 78 1
.
, Wha t w a s the di ff e rence in ti m e bet w ee n
.

these events ?
1 3 . Washington w as born Fe b . 22, 1 732, and beca m e
P resident A pril 3 0, 1 78 9 . Ho w old w as he w he n i n
a u g u rat e d ?

1 4 J a c k son fo u ght the battle Of New O rlean s J an 1 5

.
, .
,

1 81 5 He becam e P resident March 4 1 8 27 H o w lon g

.
, .

after the battle ?

1 5 . The colo nie s decl a re d their i ndependenc e J u ly 4,
1 776 . H o w l o ng a g o ?
 INT E RE ST 1 31

1 6 . D anie l We b ster born J a n 1 8 1 78 2 Ho w o ld

w as .
, .

M
w as he at t he ti m e o f his fam ou s speech in the Senate ,

arch 7, 1 8 50 ?
1 7 . Nellie w as born No v . 1 7, 1 9 05, a nd entered the
k i n derga rten Sept . 9, 1 9 1 0 . At w hat age ?
1 8 . Ho w Ol d is a boy w ho w as born May 1 2, 1 8 9 8 ?

1 9 . What is yo u r age in years , m onths , and days ?

Find the di ff erence in ti m e i n years , m onths , a nd days
b e t ween these events and today :
20 . The landi ng of the P ilgrim s , D e c 20, 1 6 20. .

21 . The discovery of A m erica by C ol u m b u s O ct , . 1 2,

1 4 92 .

22 The Tr e aty of P eace at the close of the R evol u tion

.

a ry w a r Sept 3 1 783
, .
, .

23 The B attle O f B u nker Hill J u ne 1 7 1 775

.
, , .

24 . The first m essage by telegraph May , 24, 1 8 44 .

25. The b irth of L incoln , F eb . 1 2, 1 8 09 .

INT E RE S T Or a l

Mr Mason has an a u to m obile w orth $ 3000 He lets

. .

m e have the u se of it one ho u r for 3 5 .

Mr Harrison ha s a ho u se w orth 853000 He lets m e

. .

h a ve the use of it one year for $ 300

M
.

If M r a son or Mr
. Harr i son Shou ld let m e h ave the
.

u s e of $ 3 000 for a year w o u ld he e x pect m e to pay for

,

the u se of it ?
’
Whenever one person has the u se o f another person s
p roperty — his au to m obile his ho u se his m oney ,
— h e ,

p ays h i m for i t .
1 32 ADVANC E D A RI TH MT IC
E

Mr E llis let m e have $ 1 00 fo r a year A t the end o f

. .

the year I paid h i m 6 of $ 1 00 or $ 6 for the u se of i t , , .

Money paid for the u se of m o ney is i ntere st .

The m oney on w hich interest is paid is the p ri ncip a l .

T he per cent of t h e princip a l p a id eac h year for in te r

est is the r a te of i nterest .

1 Wh a t is the intere s t of $ 1 00 for 1 year at 3 70

.
0 ?

At At At At A t 1 0 70 ?

2 At
. h o w m u c h m u s t be p a id fo r the u se of
$ 200 for 1 year ? 2 years ? 4 years ? 5 ye a rs ?
}

Find th e in terest for 1 yea r on Wr itten

3 . $ 50 a t 4 % 4 . $ 60 at %6 5 . $ 80 at 3 %
6 . $ 200 a t 5 % 7 . $ 400 at 8 % 8 . $ 6 00 at 7%
9 . $ 300 at 7 % 1 0 . $ 500 at 4 % 1 1 . $ 700 a t 5 %
1 2 . $ 8 00 at 6 % 1 3 . $ 9 00 a t 5 % 1 4 . $ 9 00 at 8 %
At 4 is t he interest on
w hat

1 5 .
$ 200 for 1 yr 1 4 yr ?
. 1 4 yr ? 1 4 yr . . .

1 6 . $ 300 for 1 yr ? 1 } yr
. 14?y r ? 21
4y r . ? . .

1 7 . $ 4 00 for 1 4 yr ? 15}y r ? 2
.

4 y r ? 2 4 yr ?
. . .

1 8 . IV h a t part of a year is 6 m onths ? 3 m onths ? 9

m o nths ? 4 m onths ? 8 m onths ? 2 m onths ? 1 0 m o nt h s
1 m onth ? 5 m onths ? 7 m onths ? 1 1 m onths ?
’
1 9 . A t 4 a year w hat part of a year s interest o u gh t
,

t o be paid fo r the u se of $ 300 for 3 m onths ? What inte r

e st sho u ld be paid ?
'

At 6 w hat is th e interest on
20 . $ 8 00for 3 m onths ? 21 $ 700 for . 2 m onths ?
22 . $ 500 for 4 m onths ? 23 $ 4 00 for . 1 0 m onths ?
24 . $ 300 fo r 8 m o n ths ? 25 $ 4 00 for . 7 m onths ?
1 34 A D VAN C E D A RI TH MT IC
E

45 . What is the interest on $ 24 0 at 5 70 fro m Jan . 1

to J u ly 1 ?
46 . Ho w m u ch m u st be paid for the us e of $ 6 00 at
7 from Sept 1 to Jan 1
. .

47 On J u ne 1 Mr Nichol s b orro w ed $ 225 at

. .

W hat interest w as du e O c t 1 ? I f Mr Nichols paid bo t h

. .

principal and interest Oct ? 1 w hat a mou nt did he pay

,

The s u m of the principal and the interest is the amou nt .

48 On Jan 1 Mr Stevens bo u ght a horse for $ 1 50

. . .
,

agreeing to pay for it in 6 m onths w ith interest at

When m u st the m oney be paid H o w m u ch ?
49 When m oney is w orth 7 w hat m u st be paid t o
.

settle i n fu ll a loan of $ 4 56 for 2 m onths ?

50 Mr Y ou ng bo u ght a ho u se for $ 3000 He paid
. . .

do w n ? o f the price and pro m ise d to pay the rest in 4

5

m onths w ith interest at H o w mu ch did he pay at

ti m e of settle m ent
EXERCI SE
 MI CES LLANE O US P ROB LE M S 1 35

1 A dd the n u m bers in each co u plet

. .

2 Su btract the second ter m of each cou plet f rom the

.

first ter m .

3 . Find the produ ct of the term s in each cou p let .

4 . D ivide the first term of each co u plet by the second

ter m .

5 . D ivide the sec ond ter m of each co u ple t by the first

term .

6 . Ma ke u
p proble m s base d on the co m b inations in t he
table .

M
I ELLANE
SC OUS PROBLE M
S

1 . r a infall in a city i n one year w a s as follo w s

T he
Jan u ary in ,
1
( ) W hat w as the total.rainfall

M
Febru ary in for the year ?
,
.

arch ,
in ( )
2 W hat w a s the average
. rain

M
April , in fall per m on th ? .

ay , in 3
( ) H o w m u ch m ore rain
. fell
J u ne , in in J u ne than i n J u ly ? .

J uly ,
2 6 21 in ( )
4 H o w m u ch
. m ore rain
. fell in
A u gu st in
, the first half of the year than in .

Septe m ber in the last half of the year ?

, .

O ctober in , 5
( ) W h a t a m o u n t fell. in the
Nove m ber in three m onths of least rainfall
, .
?

D ece m ber in I n the three m onths of greatest

, .

rainfall
2 .Fo u r an d one half acres of l a n d w ere c u t up into 24
h o u se lots . What part of an acre w as each lot
3 . Mr Mason paid
. 24 0for a carriage and sold it fo r
80 o f w hat he paid . For h o w m u ch did he sell it ?
1 36 A DVAN C E D A RI TH MT IC E

4 . What per cent of the cost is loss w hen hay is bou gh t

at $ 20 a ton and sold at 1 8 a ton ?
5 The area of Al a ska is abo u t
. s q u are m ile s .

We p a id R u ssia for it H o w . m u ch per s q u a re

m ile ? P er acre

6 A m a n spends 4 of his s alary and saves $ 28 0

.
, .

Wha t is hi s s alary ?
7 A earns $ 22} per day and spends $ l i
.
, . H o w m any
days m u st he wo rk to save $ 1 00 ?
8 A m a n o w i ng a d ebt of $ 280 pai d 4 0 o f it at o ne
.

ti m e and 50 % of the re m ainder at a no ther t i m e H o w

, .

m u ch did he still o w e ?

9 . H o w m any
ticles at the follo wing rates can be
ar , ,

p u rchased w ith a $ 5 bill : 1 242 ? 1 6 32 ? 3 347

8 47 ? 6 42 ? 342 ? 6% F ?

1 0 . H o w m any
yards of ribbo n at 1 242 a yard a re

e qu al in val u e to 24 yards w orth a yard ?

1 1 A fr u it de a ler bo u ght a bo x of oranges for
.

He sold the m for What part of the cost di d he

g ain ? What per cent ?
1 2 . A dd the q u otie nts of . 1 1 52 -
z 12 a nd 12 .

1 3 . Find the di ff ere n ce bet w ee n th e q u otien t of

01 2 4 and the prod u ct of 01 2 x 4 . .

1 4 . M ultiply the q u otient of . 08 4 by the su m of .

and 8 8
. .

1 5 . D ivide the su m of an d . 2 by t h e ir d iff erence .

’ ’
1 6 Mr Hodge s bill for
. . 15 d ay s w ork in m aking a
’
farm er s w agon w as How m u ch did he charg e
r day ?
pe
1 38 A D V ANC E D A RI TH MT I
E C

27 . A m erchant bo u ght eggs at 32 cents a dozen a n d

s old th e m at 4 0 cents a d ozen . His gain w a s
Ho w m any dozen did he bu y and s ell ?

28 . A m erchant m ade by b u ying roasting pan s

a t 3 7 cents eac h and selling at 50 cents eac h . H o w m any
did he b u y and sell
29 . B ronze is co m posed of 1 8 parts copper 1 part tin , ,

1 part zinc .

1
( ) W hat per cent of each m etal is u sed ?

2
( ) H o w m any po u nds of eac h m etal in a bronze stat ue

w eighing 2000 po u nd s ?

30 . In ho u rs a m an w alks m iles . H o w far

d oes he w alk in one ho u r ?
31 . I f a m an can w alk m il e s in one ho u r h o w m any
,

m iles can he w a lk in ho u rs ?
3 2 I f you ride yo u r w heel for an ho u r at the rate of
.

m iles per ho u r h o w m any m iles have yo u to rid e

,

a f ter going m iles ?

33 . John rode his w heel m iles on T u esday and

m iles o n W ednesday . H o w far did he ride on both
d a ys ?

34 . On Th u rsday he rode m iles and on Friday

,

m iles m ore t han on Th u rsday . H o w far did he ride

on bo th d ays ?

35 . W h a t per cent of the cost is the gain w hen flo u r is

bo u ght for 6 a barrel and sold fo r 7 a b a rrel ?
36 . What is the gain per cent i n b u ying flo u r at
a barrel and selling a t a barrel ?
37 . I f a m a n sells i of his fa r m of 1 75 acres h o w m any
t
,

a c re s has h e left ?
 M
I CE S LLANE O US P R OBLE M S 1 39

38 . What is t h e greatest n u m ber that w ill div ide all of

th e se n u m be rs — 1 08 1 44 and 1 6 8 ?
, , ,

39 . A w orkm an rece ives per w eek He spend s .

for rent for groceries, for provisions , ,

for clothing for l u x u ries and deposits $ 2 in

, ,

t he bank H o w m u ch ha s h e left ?
.

A t $ 75 per acre
40 .
, w hat is the val u e of a lot of lan d
6 5 rods by 4 8 rods ?

Fou r b oys go ca m ping for a w eek They pay 50 ¢

41 . .

a day for their tent a day for their living 50 ¢ a, ,

day for their boat and each pays 75¢ for car fare H o w
, .

m u ch did each pay for 11 1 8 o u ting ?

Mr A rth u r R B e a n rents a ho u se to Mr C harle s

42 . . . .

L R oper for $ 1 8 a m onth

. Make o u t a receipt for r e n t .

received for the m onth o f J u ly 1 9 1 2 , .

43 O n A pril 1 0 1 9 1 1 Mrs A M B aker b u ys the fol

.
, ,
. . .

lo w ing goods fro m Gardner and B assett : 3% yd la w n at .

a yard 3 yd table da m ask at

, a yard a nd
.
,

.
f
1 , doz to w els at 1 25f each M ake o u t her bill . .

44The stripes of the flag on the schoolho u se are

. 2?
i nches w ide W hat is the w idth of the flag ?
.

A piece of c a rdboard 1 2 in
45 . . s q u are is cu t into
pieces 3 in by 1 % in H o w m any ?
. .

A ho u se lot is
46 . 68 ft long and if as
. w ide . W hat is
its perim eter
47A cl u b bo u ght 20 baseb alls paying at the rate of
.
,

$ 1 5 a dozen Ho w m u ch ? .

48 . What are the pri m e fac t ors of 1 68 ?

49 . C hange 34
51 6
to l o w est term s .
 A D VANC E D A RI TH MT ICE

R P
C O S RAI SED BY A S TATE S CHOOL Wri tte n
A state school raised the follo w ing crops on i t s far m .

Find the val u e of each crop at the given rate (K eep .

a ns w ers
) .

CR O P Q UANT ITY M A R KE T R ATE

A pples barrels per b bl .

B eets b u shels 50? per bu .

C abb a ge pou nds 1 ? per lb .

C a rrots b u sh els 4 5fi
'
per bu .

C orn (ensilage ) 545 tons per T .

C orn (fodder) 1 47 tons per T .

C orn (green ) 3 02 b u shels 55? per bu .

C u c u m bers 1 10 bo xes $ 5 per bo x

L ettu ce 1 94 bo xes per bo x

1 0 . Onions 4 08 b u shels 75 fi per bu .

1 1 . P otat oes b u shels per bu .

1 2 . P u m p k in p o u nd s
1
2
-

, f
per lb .

—’
1 3 . R h u b a rb po u nds é f per l b .

1 4 . Sq u a sh ( s u m m er ) 94 barrels 70 fl per bbl .

1 5 . Sq u ash ( w inter ) 20 tons If per 1b .

1 6 . To m ato e s (green ) 1 20 b u shels 40 ? per bu .

1 7 . To m ato e s (ripe ) 9 2 b u shels per bu .

1 8
. . T u rni p s 76 8 b a rrels per bbl .

Find the total m arket val u e of the cr0 ps .

1 42 A D VANC E D A RI TH MT IC
E

23 I n ou r co u n try in a certain year there w ere 8 244

.

e stablish m ents engaged in book and j ob printi n g w ith a

to tal capital of These establish ments e m

ployed perso n s and pa i d in w ages
The total cos t of m aterials u sed w a s and t h e
to tal v al u e of fi nish ed prod u cts w as
Write in fig u res
1 . Five tho u sand seventy t wo -
.

2 . Forty tho u sand nine h u ndred eighty .

3 . E ig ht h u ndred six ty seven tho u sand

-
. fi ve h u ndre d
e ight .

4 . T wo h u ndred th o u sand .

5 . T wo h u ndred tw o t h o ii san d .

6 . T wo h u ndr ed tho u sand t wo h u ndred .

7 . T wo h u ndred t h o u sand tw o .

8 E ighty -
si x m ill i on t w enty seven tho u sand t w enty
-

four .

9 . Nine h u ndre d seventy eight m illion three h u ndre d

-

fi fty -
seven tho u sand seven h u ndred si x ty fo u r -
.

1 0 . Si x ty m illion si x ty tho u sand si xty .

RO AN M NOTATI ON AND NU M
ERATI ON

The R o m an syste m of notatio n u ses the follo w in g ,

M
l etters
I V X L C D
" What val u e is assigned to each
M
M
!

P R ead : II III XX X XX CC CCC

What eff ect is prod u ced by repeating a letter ?
M
9

P R ead VI L XI LX CX DC C
 M
RO AN NO T AT I ON AND NU MRAT IE ON 1 43

5 . Wh at e ff ect is prod u ced by ann exi ng a letter to

o ne of greater val u e ?
6 . R ead : I V IX XL XC CD CM
7 . What e ff ec t is prod u ced by p r efixz ng a letter to ’
o ne

of greater val u e
A das h over a letter inc reases its v al u e a tho u sa ndfold .

Th u s XX , C
8 . R ead : X L XL L XX L XX D D
Write these letters so that they shall have one tho u
M
9 .

s and ti m es their ordinary val u e : I V X L C

1 0 \V ri te 1 4 92 in R o m an notation
. .

M M
1 49 2: 1 000 4 00 90 2
0000 XC II C C C C X C II

Write in letters
'

1 1 . 36 1 2 . 47 1 3 . 63 1 4 . 72 1 5 . 89

1 6 . 99 1 7 . 9 00 1 8 . 909 1 9 . 9 90 20 . 999

21 . 1 78 9 22 . 1 8 50 23 . 1 91 0 24 . 1 91 5 25 . 1 9 20

W rite M D C C L XXXIII in A rabic no t ation

M
26 . .

M D C C L XXXIII DCC LXXX III

1 000 + 700 80 3 = 1 78 3
Write in figu res
27 XI V 28 XXX IX 29 LXX IX

M
. . .

30 . M CMX 31 . MDCCC 32 . D C C LX X l II

33 . M D C CC X C 34 . M C M XII 35 . M C M XIX
36 On the front page of a m agazine is printed
.

V ol u m e X LV III Nu m ber 5 Wh at does it m ean ?

, .

37 E lizabeth has a book bearing on its title page

. t he

l etters M D C CC XII I n w hat y ear w as it p u blished ?

.
1 44 A D VANC E D A RI TH MT IC
E

38 . C larence has a foreign coin stam ped M D C C L XX .

I n w hat year w a s it m inted ?

39 . On the corner stone of a p u blic library are these
letters M D C CC X C II When w as the corner stone laid ?
.

’
40 . The seal of a celebrated bo ys sch ool bears the
letters M D C C L X V III Wh e n w as the school fo u nded ?
.

41 . A m on u m ent com m e m ora ting the landing of the

M D C XX
P ilgri m s bears these dates The u pper date
M CMX
tells w hen the P ilgri m s landed ; the lo w er w hen th e ,

m on u m en t w a s dedicated Write both dates in fig u res

. .

42 . Write in letters the tw o dates w hich shou ld be

in scribed on a tablet co m m e m orating the birth of W ash
lu gton ( 1 73 2) and th e 200th a n n i v e rs a ry of his birth .

43 . Wr ite ( 1 ) in w ords ; ( 2) in fig u res ; (3) in

le t ters
Y o u r age ; yo u r grade in school ; the nu m ber of yo u r
schoolroo m ; the n u m ber of p u pils in the room ; this
p a ge of the book ; the n u m ber of pages i n the book ; the
present m onth of t he ye ar ; the day of the m onth ; the
prese nt year ; the street n u m ber of yo u r ho u se ; the year
in w hich yo u w ere born .

D ICTATI ON EXERCI SE S
64 4 -
7, —3 , x 5 .

1 2 x 9 , + 2, —1 1
, x 4, 8 , x 2, — — 8,
— 3 x 7
, , + 2 , 8, - —1 0, — 4 .

l 2 x 7, — 9 ,
1 08 — 5, x 3,
— 6, x 0 .

'

NO T E . Si m i l ar di c ta ti o n s sh o u ld be given daily .
1 46 A DVANC E D ARI TH MT IE C

DRILL TABLE : F UNDA MNTAL PR

E OCE S S E S

EXERCI SES IN ADD ITION

To ea ch nu m b e r i n t he ta b le a dd 2; 3 ; 4 ; 5 ; 6 ; 7 ; 8 ; 9 ; 1 0 ;

To ea ch nu m b er a dd 1 0 ; 20 ; 30 ; 40 ; 50 ; 6 0 ; 70 ; 8 0 ; 9 0 ; 1 1 0 ;
1 20 .

Gi ve t he su m o f e a ch nu m b e r i n th e tab le a nd 79 . Th u s , 1 44 79
1 44 70 9 ; th i n k 21 4, 223 ; say 223 .

A dd o th er n u m b e rs to th e n u m be r s i n th e tab le .

F i n d th e su m o f col u m n A . O f th e ot h e r c o l u m ns .

F i n d th e su m o f r o w 1 . Of the ot h e r ro w s .

EXERCI SE S IN S UB TRACTI ON
F ro m th e num be rs i n th e dr ill tab le tak e 2 ; 4 ; 6 ; 8 ; 1 ; 3 ; 5; 7 ; 9 .

Su btra ct ea ch n u m b e r i n t h e d ri ll tab l e f ro m 200 ; fro m 500 ; f

ro m

800 .

T ak e fro m each nu m be r i n the drill table Thu s

69 .
, 1 44 69
1 44 60 9 ; th i n k 8 4 75 ; say 75
, .

F i nd t he d i ffere n c e b etw ee n o th er n u m be r s an d th e n u m be rs in
th e d ri ll ta b le .
 E X E R C I SE S IN MLT IPLI
U C A T I ON 1 47

Fro m 8 6 5 take 3 76 . 2 Take 589 fro m 706 .

Fro m 4 07 take 69 . 4 Take 41 8 fro m 724 .

Fro m 5000 take 9 76 . 6 . Take 1 98 7 fro m 508 6 .

F o m 4 6 52 take 8 4 8 . 8 Take 1 6 9 5 fro m 4 76 3 .

Fro m 8 507 take 36 9 8 . 1 0 . Take 6 007 fro m

Fro m take 999 9 . 1 2 . Take fro m
F ro m take 1 4 . Take 9728 fro m
1 5 . F ro m take
1 6 . Take fro m
1 7 . Fro m take
1 8 . Take f ro m
1 9 . Fro m t ake

20 . Take fro m

EXERCI SES IN M
UL TIPL I ATI C ON

Ml u tip ly (o a lly)
r ea ch nu m b er i n the dri ll tab le o n p g
a e

Mltiply
3 ; 4 ; 5; 6 ; 7 ; 8 ; 9 .

1 . 6 5 by 4 7 83 by 96

70 by 68 94 by 57

76 by 8 6 573 by 64

6 09 by 97 86 3 by 1 68

705 by 3 08 9 6 5 by 8 6

1 1 . 867 by 39 7 9 05 by 9 6

1 3 . 4 8 09 by 73 6 000 by 705
1 5 . 34 56 by 98 7008 by 8 07

1 7 . 4 3 6 5 by 1 729 9 04 6 by 3 78
1 9 . by 67 by 209
1 48 A DVANC E D A RI TH MT IC E

21 . by 56 22 . by 2376

23 . by 374 24 . by 1 708

25 . by 7236 26 . by 4 76

27 . by 97 28 . by 365

29 . by 30 . by

EXERCI SE S IN D IVI SION

D iv i d e (o ra lly) th e n u m b e rs i n th e drill ta b le on p g
a e 1 46 by 2;
3 ; 4 ; 5; 6 ; 7 ; 8 ; 9 ; 1 0 ; 1 1 ; 1 2 .

I D ivi de (short division ) e a ch dividend in the e x

.
«

a m ples belo w by 2; 3 ; 4 ; 5; 6 ; 7 ; 8 ; 9 ; 1 0 ; 1 1 ; 1 2 .

II D ivide
.

1 6 3 8 by 4 7
. 2 8 09 by 38 .

3 . 79 3 by 67 9 8 5 by 73

5 . 8 07 by 9 6 986 by 463

7 8 79 by 1 64 6 844 by 97

9 4 009 by 73 39 6 7 by 289

1 1 . 4 36 8 by 48 6 84 0 by 3 75

1 3 . 9 000 by 1 73 4 738 by 294

.
1 5 . by 75 by 89

1 7 . by 96 by 359

1 9 . by 6 23 by 6 04

21 . by 356 by 73

23 . by 4 75 by 76 4

25 . by 732 by 326

27 . by 866 by 1 34 5

29 . by 4 56 by 2375
1 50 AD VANC E D A RI TH MTIC
E

4 .Find the total n u m ber of pairs e xported in 1 9 05;

th eir total v al u e .

5 . Find the sa me facts in regard to each of the othe r

years .

6 . What the total n u m ber of pairs e xported

w as to
E u rope in the five years ? Their to tal val u e ?
7 Find t he total shipm ents and their total val u e
.
, , to
each Of the other parts of the w orld in the five years .

8 A m erc hant bou ght 1 2 dozen stra w hats at 28 cents

.

apiece and so ld the m at 45 cents each H o w m u ch did .

he gain ?

9 Oscar sold 1 8 chickens and 1 4 doves for

.

He sold the do ves at 20 cents apiece Ho w m u c h di d h e .

get apiece for the chickens ?

1 0 Mr Spare b o u ght fro m vari ou s far mers 24 cases of
. .

eggs 30 dozen to a case at 24 cents a dozen He sol d

, , .

the lot for What w a s his profit on a dozen ?

vote for governor in a state election as
’

11 . T he was
follo w s :
A B D e m ocrat received
. .
, , votes ; C . D .
, Re
p u blican votes ; E
,
. F .
, Sociali st, v otes ;
 WRI TT E N P ROBLE M S 1 51

G . IL,
P rohibition 3277 votes ; I J Socialist L abor
, .
,

26 1 3 votes ; all others 20 votes , .

Find the total vote B y w hat pl u rality over C D

. . .

w a s A B elected ?
. .

1 2 A w holesale m erchant b ou ght 36 0 barrels of apples

.

at per barrel A fter sorting the m he h ad 325

.
,

barrels w hich he sold at per barrel H o w m u c h .

did he gain ?
The Mississippi R iver is 2775 m iles in length a nd
1 3 .

is navigable for m iles fro m i ts m o u th F or h o w .

m any m iles is it not navigable ?

I n going fro m Vicksb u rg Miss to Me m phis Tenn
1 4 .
, .
, , .
,

a boat travels 36 9 m iles I f V icksb u rg is 36 2 m iles above

.

Ne w Orleans and Me m p his is 4 32 m iles belo w St L o u is

, .
,

h o w m a ny m iles is it by w ater fro m St L o u is to Ne w .

O rleans ?
A t the rate of 374 cents each h o w
1 5 .
, m u ch m u s t be
paid for one and a half dozen lace collars ?
A t the rate of 8 for a dollar h o w m any
1 6 .
, h a n dk e r
c hiefs can be bo u ght f o r 75 cents ? For $ 1 1 ?
A n encyclopedia of 8 volu m es bo u ght for $ 56 w a s
1 7 .

s old at the rate of per volu m e W hat w as the l oss .

A catch of
1 8 . po u nds of c o dfi sh w as sold a t
per hu ndred w eight A fter d ed u cting the e x pens e
.

of the trip $ 345 the balance w as divided as follo w s 4

, ,

to the o w ners of the vessel and t he re m ainder e qu ally ,

a m ong the cre w of 21 m e n What w as each m an s share ?

’
.

A m erchant bu ys neckties at the rate of 6 for a

1 9 .

dollar and sells the m for 25 cents apiece What is the .

g ai n on a dozen ?
1 52 A D V ANC E D A RI TH MT IC
E

20 .A m an earning per day of 8 ho u rs lost 1 24

ho urs ti m e in a week W hat w ere his w ages for that w eek
’
.
?

21 . A n estate w orth w a s d ivided as follo w s

4 to the m other, a nd the re m ainder e qu ally a m ong 4 chil

d ren . H o w m u ch did the m other recei ve ? H o w m u ch

d i d each child receive ?
22 Frank raised 1 20 c u c u m bers w hich he sol d at the
.

r ate of 2 for 5 cents .Ho w m u ch did he receive ?

r

23 What is the di ff erence in the a m ou nts received i n

.

a year by t wo m e n one of w ho m receives $ 75 a m ont h

, ,

and the other 35 c ents an ho u r w orking 8 ho u rs a day

, ,

3 08 days in the year ?

24 . I f the average yearly e xpense to a city for each
p u pil in the kinderga rten is in the pri m ary s chool
in the gra m m ar school and i n the high
s chool w hat is the total cost of ed u cati ng a child
w h o atten ds the kindergarten 2 years the pri m ary scho o l
,

3 years the gra m m ar school 5 years and the high school

, ,

4 years ?

25 . A tes t O f a herd of co w s sho w ed that the 5 p oore st

ate feed w orth $ 1 4 0 and retu rned $ 1 4 3 i n prod u ct w hil e ,

t he 5 best a te feed w orth $ 204 and ret u rned $ 39 5 W hat

.

w a s the a v erage pro fit per c o w of the 5 poores t ? Of the

5 best ? Of the whole herd ?
26 . A Mai ne farm er raised 21 00 b u shels Of potatoes o n
7 acres of land at a cos t of $ 8 0 an acre and sold his crop
,

at $ 1
; per barrel of 21 b u shels .Find the pro fi t p e r acr e .

27 A nother farm er in Maine harvested 6 000 barrels of

.

otatoes f ro m 50 acres at a cost of $ 60 an acre and sol d

p ,

t he m at $ 1 4 per barrel Find his profit per acre

. .
1 54 A D VANC E D ARI TH MT IC
E

Solve
A B 0
9 $4 4 x
9 $6 6 x $ 0 20 $6
3 $16 16 x $ 0 25
0
9 $ 48 48 x
0
1 $ 30 $ 03 34 30 x $ 30 $ 0 3 34
1 0 .
$ 24 $ 0 1 63 24 x $ 0 1 64 L

1 1 . $2 $ 0 08 5 »
2 x $ 0 084 $2
1 2 . $3 3 x $ 0 1 24
1 3 .
$4 x $ 0 06 4
Make u
p proble m s based on the above e x ercise .

PURCHAS ES AT T HE M
ARKE T
Find the cost of :
1 . 24 lb . la m b
24 ti m e s 1 5? 37}
1 W he n t he am o u nt o f a. p u ch ase c o ntai ns a
r .

frac tio n o f a ce n t e qu a l to 4 the ne x t f u ll c e nt i s ch arged

, . Th e p u r
ch ase r i n th is c a se w o u ld p ay 38 c e nts .

2 . 1 4 lb sa u sage
. 1 7 ? 3 . 6 4 lb beef
. 23 ?
4 . 2} lb h am
4
. 23 ? 5 . 34 lb ve a l
. 1 9?
6 . l i lb steak . 30 ? 7 . 1 4 lb haddock
. 11 ?
8 . 24 lb bl u e fi sh
. 1 7? 9 . 1 4 lb bacon
. 25?
1 0 . 3 3 lb chicken
. 28 ? 1 1 . 6 1 lb to m atoes
. 5?
1 2 . 24 doz oranges . 25? 1 3 . 1 4 pk apple s
. 37 ?
1 4 . 24 doz eggs . 35? 1 5 . 1 4 doz le m o n s
. 25?
1 6 . 2 lb tong u e
1 . 23 ? 1 7 .
2;3 lb l obster
. 2 5?
1 8 . 1 4 lb dried beef
. 1 5? 1 9 . 4 } l b m u tton
. 1 7?
20 . 1 4 lb carrots (0) 3 ?
. 21 . 24 lb p a rs n i ps
. 3?
 SH O R T M E T HOD S or M ULT I P LY ING 1 55

SH O RT ME T HOD S OF MULT IPLYING

1 . F ind the cost of 328 yar ds of m u sli n at 25 cents a

yard .

SO LU T IO N . At $ 1 a y ard the c o st w o uld be $ 328 . At 25 c e nts a

yard t he co st wi ll be i of $ 328 , or $ 82 .

I n the follo wing proble m s u se pencil only in w ritin g

th e cost of each q u antity and the total cost .

F ind the total cost of :

z . 325 lb . 10 1 4 8 lb .

6 00 lb . 3 6 0 lb . say
24 0 l b 1 24 ! 24 6 lb ’
. 1 .
fl
6 40 lb . 6 4? 4 8 0 1b . sv

4 . 25 yd . 20 ? 1 45 yd . 1 0?
60 yd . 4 0? 24 0 yd . 30
4 5 yd . 6 0? 1 50 yd . 70 ?
75 yd . 80? 1 20 yd . 90?

6 . 21 6 doz . 3 34? 320 doz . 1 24?

36 0 doz . 6 6 4? 56 0 doz . 374
1 08 doz . 1 6 3? 6 4 0 doz . 6 24?
1 20 doz . 8 34? 720 doz . 8 74?

60 yd . 34? 56 yd . 1 21 ?
80 yd . 24? 9 6 yd . 334?
6 1 yd
-
. 6 4? 8 4 yd . 8 4?
72 yd . 8 4? 4 5 yd . 40?

lo . 1 5 yd . 50 ? 80 yd . 60?
25 yd . 25? 72 yd . 8 34
10 yd . 75? 72 yd . 3 74?
4 0 yd . 624? 36 yd . 3 34?
9 6 yd . 8 4? 29 yd . 25?
1 56 A D V AN C E D A R I T H M E T I C

PO S T AL PRO BLE M S
DO M E ST I C RAT E S or PO S T A G E

T he f ollo w i ng ar e the rate s to all p a rts o f the Un ite d State s i n ,

c l u d i ng Pa nam a C a nal Z o n e Po rto R ic o Gu a m H a w a i i an Isl a nd s

'

M
, , , ,

Phi li pp i ne s T u t ui l a (Sa m o an I sl and s) C ana da C u b a exi c o R e

, , , , ,

u b l i c o f P a n a m a a n d S h a n h a i C h i na
p
Mg , , .

F i st c la ss
r -
a tter Le tte rs and all se a l ed m atter 2 c e nts a n o u n c e
: ,

o r f ra c ti o n th e re o f .

S ec on d c la ss Al tte r -
Ne w sp ap e r s a n d p e ri o d i c al s se nt by p u b
a :

li she rs 1 c e nt a p o u n d o r f ra c t i o n th e re o f ; w h e n se n t by o th e rs
, ,

1 c e n t f o r f o u r o u n ce s o r f rac ti o n the re o f
M
.

Thi d c la ss
r -
tter : Bo o k s c i rc u l a rs p i c t u r e s e tc
a 1 c e nt f o r t w o
, , ,
.
,

o u nc e s o r f r a c t i o n th e e o f

M
r .

F o u rth c lass AI a tte :

-
e rch a n d i se a nd a ll m a tte r n o t i nc l u d e d i n
r

a ny o f th e o th e classe 1 ce nt a n o u nce o r fra cti o n th e re f e xcep t se e ds

r s, o , ,

w h i h m y be se n t t t he a te o f 1 ce n t fo tw o u nc e s r f ac ti o n th e reo f
c a a r r o o r .

R eg ist a ti o n F ee (t o i nsu re sa fe de l i ve ry ) 1 0 c e nt s i n a dd i t i o n to
r

re g u l a r p o s ta ge .

Sp ec ia l D e live ry F ee (to i nsu re qu i c k de l i ve ry ) : 1 0 c e n ts i n a dd i

ti o n t o re gu l a p o st a ge r .

1 . Wh at is the postage on a letter w eighing 4 oz . ?

4 oz . ? 1 4 oz ? 24 o z ? 3 o z ? 34 o z ? 4 o z
. . . . . ? 44 o z ? .

2Mr C hase sends by registered

. . m ail a letter w eigh
ing 24 o u nces What is the postage
ML
.

3 . ther sends a h alf o u nce letter by special

r . u -

deli ve ry to his son What is the postage ? .

4 A m erchant sends i n one day 3 7 letters (5 by spe

.

c i a l deli v ery eighing o u nce each 3 50 catalo u es each

) w 4 g ,

w eighing 24 o u nces and 36 p a ckages of sa m ples eac h ,

w eighing 1 4 o u nces Fi nd t he a m o u nt of postage re qu ired . .

5 . A m an u factu rer
sends o u t 1 500 circ u lars w eighing
1 4 o u n ces each and u nder separate covers the sam e ,

nu m b e r of sa m pl e s w eighing 2
4 o u nces each W hat .

o stage did he pay

p
1 58 A DVANC E D A RI TH MT IC E

M old gold
ar. 11, Mar 21 birthday present .
,

M fr it
E pe ses Mar
x n : .2 flo w ers , Mar 7 book .
,

ar. 1 0, u Mar 1 7 charity Mar .

, . 21 ,
c oncert Mar 23 bag Mar 28 pin
.
, .
,

2 C ash acco u nt of R u fu s B ro w n : R eceipts : Mar 1

. .
,

’
1 91 1 o n hand , Mar 8 m onth s pay at a .
,

M
w eek ; Mar 1 0 rent fro m ho u se . E xpenses
,

ar 4 tax es
.
, Mar 9 hou se e x penses .
,

Mar 1 7 clothing
.
, Mar 23 repairs .
,

3 C ash acco u nt of a m u sic teacher : R eceipts : Mar 1

. .
,

1 9 1 1 on hand , Mar 2 fro m 5 p u pils 1 0 lessons .

, ,

e ach at , a lesson ; Mar 1 0 fro m 3 p u pils 20 lesson s .

, ,

each at , a lesson ; Mar 1 8 fro m 4 p u pils 1 0 lessons .

, ,

M
each at , a l e sson E xpenses : Mar 4 living e x . .
,

penses ar 1 0 t u ning pi a nos Mar 1 5 .

, .
,

s pecial instr u ction 1 0 lessons at each , .

4 C ash acco u n t of Mrs Green : R eceipts : Mar 1

. . .

1 91 1 on h a nd , Mar 4 rent fro m room s .

,

Mar 1 5 pe nsion
.
, Mar 1 8 se w ing M ar .
, .

25 board
, E xpenses : Mar 6 groceries .
,

Mar 7 provisions
.
, Mar 1 1 m ilk Mar .
, .

1 5 gas Mar 21 clothing

M
.
, ,

5 C ash acco u nt of a dress m aker : R eceipts :

. ar 1 .
,

M
1 9 1 1 on hand , Mar 7 m aking 2 go w ns at .
,

M
each ; ar 9 tri m m i ngs . Mar 1 6 m aking w aist
, .
,

Mar 21 cloth and m aking go w n

.
, ar .

28 m aking 2 go w ns at
, each E xpenses : Mar 4 . .
,

sea m stress 24 days at a day ; Mar 1 7 silk a n d .

,

M
tri m m ings Mar 24 b u ttons and braid .
,

ar 30 re n t
. Mar 3 1 li nings
,
.
,
 E X P E ND IT UR E S OF A PAR K C O M
MI I SS ON 1 59

EXPENDITU RES OF A PAR K COMMISS ION

MUNT E X PE ND E D B Y A PA R K CO M M
M
r A B LE SH O WING TH E A O S IS

S I ON F O R A I NT E NA NC E A ND IM PR O V E ME NT I N O NE YE A R

1 .Find the total am o u nt e xpended for labor in

m ai ntenance .

2 .Find the total am o u nt e xpended for m aterial in

m aintenance .
1 60 A D VANC E D A RI TH MT ICE

3 F ind the total a m o u n t e x pended for m ai ntenance

. .

4 What w a s the total a m ou nt e xpended for labor i n

.

i m prove m ent
5 What w as the total a m ou nt e xpended for m aterial
.

in i mprove m ent ?
6 What w as the total a m o u nt e xpended for i m pro ve
.

m en t ?
7 What is the s u m of ans w ers to 3 and 6 ? What doe s
.

i t represent ?
8 What w a s th e total am o u nt e x pe n d e d on North
.

C o m m on ? On each Of the other parks ? For ot h er

p u rposes ?
9 Find the su m of the a m o unts e xpended
. .

1 0 C o mpare the ans w er to 9 and the ans w er to 7

. .

REVIEW EXERCI S E
1 . Which of these n u mbers are concre te ? A bstract ?
7 m en 3 $5 17 19 days 1 50

2 . What is an a bstract n u m ber ? A concrete nu m ber ?

°
9 Which of these n u m bers are prim e ? C om posite ?
37 56 63 19 39 61 84 47

? What is a pri m e n u m ber ? A co m posite n u m ber ?

" What
5 are the factors O f 24 56 ? 8 4 ? 1 20 ?
?

9 What is m eant by the factors O f a n u m ber ?

5 What are the pri me factors O f 56 ? 9 6 ? 1 44 ?
P What is a prim e factor ?
“ What n u m ber is represented by 2 x 5? 3
By
2?
42
x 3 2? By 5 x 23

1 0 . What does the e xpo nent of a n u m ber tell ?

1 62 AD VANC E D A RI TH MT IC E

7 . What nam e is given to a n u m ber con sisting of a

whole n u m ber and a fraction ?

8 . C hange to i m proper fractions
3 1 13 35 2 9
1 6
8? 6? 5? 7
71 7 81 8
1

9 . C hange to m i xed nu m bers

1 3
3
“ 3 1
5
1 8
5
: 53
7 ff
81 21
4
25
5 Hs
‘
$11 .

The form of a fraction m a y be changed w itho u t chang

ing its val u e This m ay be done in tw o w ays
.

1
( ) B y changing to higher te r m s Th u s Q g .
,
: .

1 0 C ha nge to higher te rm s : {g
.
3
1 6 g
1 1 H o w is a fraction changed to higher ter m s ?
.

2
( ) B y cha n ging to lo w er te r m s Th us
g 1 .
, °

C hange to lo w er ter m s : 1 5 y; fi
9
1 2 .
t

1 3 H o w is a fraction changed to lo w er ter m s ?

.

1 4 C hange to lo w est term s : 1 3 % g H fig g

.
— !

1 5 Whe n is a fraction in its lo w est ter m s ?

.

1 6 M u ltiplying or dividing both term s of a fraction

.

by the sa m e n u m ber does not change the v al u e of the

fraction What is changed
.
?

WRITTEN EXERCI S E

1 . W rite as fractions w ith 5 for a denom inator

1 5 8 7 12 15

2 . five fractions each e q u al to 1 ; five e q u a l

\Vri te
to 3 6 ; five e qu a l to }
1 A
.

3 Write g in as m any form s as possible hav in g t w o

.

fig u res in the deno m inator .

4 C hange to 36 ths
.

1 3 f 3 ‘
5
1 8 £ 1 2
5
f ir $3
2‘
1 15s
 AD D I T I ON AND SUBT R AC T I ON 1 63

lo w est term s

1 7 .

21 .
fig
5 4 8 4
26 27
25 5 1 41
. .

1 L
30 .
fig 31 .
1, 2
-

; 32 .
53 3
3

Change to i m proper fractions

'

35 . 1 21 6 1 36 . 1 41 9
7
37 . 1 8, -
3

40 . 1 8% 41 . 231 5,T 42 . 25 I
Hd
‘
-
r
l
-
o
c

45 . 3 91 3 -

46 . 47 .

50 . 73g; 51 . 52 . 79g

C hange to m i xed n u m bers

l az 2 “
55 56 °
at
57
5
25

so 1 9 3 61 20 1 62 24 1
1 9 21 33
. . .

65 $ 3 1 67 $ 77
55 33
. .

70 71 549
83
. .

AD DIT ION AND S UB T RACTION

1 .
i
"
g
.
2
.
2
7
»

A
%
3 . W hat change be m u st m ade in a nd 1
3 before
in g their su m or di ff erence ?
4 . What k ind of fractions can be added and
t r a c ted ?
1 64 AD VANC E D A RI TH MT IC
E

Solve at s ight
35 .
3 + 5
1

7
39
3 °
21

m fi . + §
1
47 °
7
1 2
‘

5
75
”

9
51
1 1;
1 66 A DVANC E D ARI TH MT IC E

38 . SH 39 . 1 81 ; 40 . 1 21 g
41 . 42 . 43 .

44 . 251 1} 1 8 1 8K 45 . 86 345 12
4 1 -

1 6
46 . 24 31 0

M
UL TI P LI CATION OF F RACTIONS
Give prod u cts at Sight :
1 . 5x 3 2 . 3 x§ 4 . 7 x 90
5 . 8 x13 6 . 7 x 4} 8 . 1 0 x 33
9 .
3 x 72 1 0 .
3
4
x10 1 2 .
§ x1 1
1 3 . 31 x 8 0 1 4 .
7 x9
32
-

16 .
§ x 1 6
—8
1 7 .
1 5
1 8 .
3
4 4
x9, 20 .
3 2
x

21 .
g fi x 22 .
5
1 5
24 .
g h;
x l -

Solve Wri tten

25 . 1 5 x 977 26 . 21 x g
L 27 .
7}
8 x2 28 . 9 x3
29 . 7 x 51 -
9
-

5
30 . 36 x 3% 31 . 25 x 5; 32 . 6 x 1 2g
33 .
J
g
i
x 80 34 .
9
Q; x 95 35 .
15 x5 36 .
£
1
.
6 x 15
37 . 3 5x 52 38 . x8 39 . 51 6 x
3 25 40 . 1 53 x 28

M
41 °
ff 3 1
X 8 42 9 x
1 1 H1 43
5?
1 x 6
1 9
44 “
1 63%
3 X

45 .
R 46
E ma 47 . 48
{a fii
x

DIVI S ION
1 D ivi de 4 by 3
. .

Ch a n ge to l ik e f rac tio n s an d d iv i d e , the nu m erato r of the di vi

de nd by th e nu m e rato r o f th e d i vi so r .

O r, fo r c on ve ni e nc e , i nve rt the d i viso r a nd m u ltip ly, c anc eling whe n

po ssi ble .

w
: o
h t
o
t
k
i 0 d
X n

w
i 1

:
N u
l
0 «
 M
C O PL E X F RA C T I ONS

Solve at sigh t
2 . 5 .

6 . 9

—
z 4
10 .
g -
1 3 .

1 4 . 1 7 . 5
}
1 8 .
g 1 21 .

22 .
5 i
+ 25 .

Solve Wri tten

25 . 27 28 29 . 20 + 8 i
30 . 31 32 33 .

34 . 35 36 37 . 96 + 8g

38 . 1 5? 40 . 41 .

L
42 . 20i + 8 43 44 24? 45 .

46 . 4 43 -
5 9 47 48 49 . 6 5g+ 4

50 . 8 01 5
5
-
5 6 51 52 53 . 29 g+ 8

54 . 3 01 6 3 - —9
1 55 9 054— 7 56 57 .

58 . 59 60 8 354 7 -
61 . 1 25g+ 1 2

62 . 4i + 6g 63 . 39 3g 64 65 .

66 . 1 23 5 1 53 6 7
-
68 374 4 -
1 34 6 9 . 334+ 1 43

59 69 5g+ 8 § 71 5 +
9
t
M
70 .
-
5 71 72

74 . 1 8 5 1 25 7 5
1 5 -
.
g t
-
3 1 02
ll
,
76 . 4 29 22% 77 .

COM
PLEX F ACR TIONS
31
Su ch e xpressio ns as a re com
p lex f r a c ti ons .

3 24
,
They a re S i m plified by perfor m ing the operation in :

d icated .
 66 A D VAN C E D A RI TH MT ICE

1 Find the val u e of —

1 3 3

3 ; 2
‘’
1
( ) ig x 21

Si nc e m u l ti ply i ng bo th ter m s o f f rac ti o n by the sa m e nu m ber d oe s

a

no t ch a nge th e v al u e o f t he f ra c ti o n w e m ay Si m p li fy b y m u l ti ply i ng
,

both term s by the l east c o m m o n m u ltip le o f th e d e no m i nato rs .

45 9
2
( ) 2}
20 4

Solv e
31 51
2
}
.

1? 1 % 2

2? 29
:
6? 311 2?

20} 6§ 1 8 §L
T5? 75 T3?

Solve , first sim plifying the parts in parentheses

1 7 1 8

—
1 9 1> ao (a x x 2 3)
— 2
21 3) 22
l)
23 . 2
( g 15 ( 1
6 24 .
( 51 x 1 1
)
N0 ( ?
4 45) 5
3
( 1 — 4 3
1 5)
2
( % 1 3) (H;
!

x 26

M
I ELLANE
SC OU S P ROBLE MS

1 Mr B ryant sold three piles of w ood containi ng 82

. .

cords 41 3 cords and 73 cords r e spectively H OW m an y

9
, , , .

cords in all ?
1 70 A D VANC E D A RI TH MTI
E C

A cargo of l um ber val u ed at $ 6 500 w as lost at se a

M
1 4 .

r Ja m es o w ned 3 of it
.
1 5
W hat w a s his loss ?
.

1 5 .A t the village store Mrs L i nw ood e xchanged 8 4

, .

d o z en eggs at 30 cents a dozen for 3 } yards of clot h 1 .

What w a s the price of the cloth a yard ?

1 6 .The price of a railroad ticket bet w een t w o places i s
9 0 ce nts H o w m u ch w ill it be if increased 4? H O W
.

m u ch if incr eased 4 of a dollar ?

1 7 .A n electric rail w ay is 1 6 gm iles long I f it follo w e d .

the high w ay its length w o u ld be 223 m iles H o w m any

,
.

m iles are saved by not follo w ing the high w ay ?

1 8 .A t $ 5 p e r gallon w h a t is the v al u e of 27 barrels O f
13
,

m achine oil each containing 4 8 gallons ?

,

’
1 9 . fifths of Mr Johnson s far m is in past u re 4 i n
T wo .
,

hay and grain and the rest in other crops What part in
, .

o ther crops

20 . Three boys o w n a boat R obert o w ns g of it R ay.

,

m ond o w ns of it W hat part of it does George o w n ?

.

I f they sell the boat for $ 30 h o w m u ch o u ght each to ,

receive ?
21 . A t $ 27% a ton w hat is the cost of 6 24 tons of steel
,

rails ?

22 . A far m er paid $ 35? for plo w ing 8 5acres of land .

H o w m u ch per acre ?
23 . The peri m ete r of a tria ng u lar lot O f l an d i s 6 53L :

rods T w o of the sides are 1 8§ ro ds a n d 254 rod s re

.
,

Sp e c t i v e l y What is the length O f the third side ?

.

24 . R obert sells for 5 cents a copy a w eekly m agazine

, ,

w hich he b u ys for 33 cents a copy He m akes 75 cents a .

week . H ow m any c u sto m ers has he ?

 MI CS E LLANE O US P R O BL E M
S 1 71

25 What is the gain w he n 1 26 0 b u shels of w heat are

.

bo u ght at 8 7% cents a b u shel and sold at 9 32 cents a

b u shel ?
26 .A farm er pai d $ 1 20 for a horse and sold it at a gai n
of O f the cost What w a s the gain ? What w a s t h e
.

selling price ?
27 .When hats bo u ght at the rate of 5 for $ 3 are sold
at the rate of 3 for $ 5 w hat is the profit on 5 cases of 4
,

dozen each ?
28 .When hay w as w orth $ 1 6 a ton Mr P arker sold , .

1 4} tons to Mr Hatch receiving in pay m ent 48 b u shels of

.
,

oats a nd i n m oney W hat w as the v al u e of th e

.

oats per b u shel ?

29 Oscar lives 22m iles fro m P au l W hen Oscar ha s
. .

’
w alked go f the distance to P a u l s ho m e h o w far has P a u l
'

to w alk to m eet him ?

’
30 T w o m e n harves ted a farm e r s appl es for
. 1 20 .

If o ne di d of the w ork h o w m u ch ou ght e ach to get

,

31 . At
anoth e r ti me th ese s a m e m en ea rned 1 20 in
cu tti ng tim be r in th e w ood l o t o n e cu tting as m u ch a s
,

th e o th e r H o w m u ch did e ach e ar n ?
.

32 A h o u s e w a s sol d at a pr o fit o f $ 8 6 1
. Th e s e lli ng
.

price w a s 4 m ore than it co st Wh at w as th e co s t ? Th e

.

s elling pri ce ?

33 A farm er b ou ght a tw o horse s u lky plow fo r

.
-

a nd by r e n tin it at 75 cen t a day r ceived e no h m on y

g s e u
g e

to pay ? o f th e c o st
1 H o w m any days di d h e rent it ?
.

34 A bu il di ng lo t co ntaining
. s qu are fe e t w a s

b o u gh t fo r p e r s qu ar e fo ot a n d sol d for $ 3
; p
e r s qu ar e

fo ot . Wh at w a s th e gain ?
1 72 A D VANC E D A RI TH MT IE C

35 .I f Mr Ha w ley o w ns 236 of a m i ne and sells 4 of

. hi s
share w hat part O f the m ine does he still o w n ?
,

36 .W he n 3; of a ship is sold for $ 3 78 0 w hat is

2
,
the

S hip w ort h ?

37 .A barge containing 1 6 25 tons o f coal m u st be u n

loaded in 5 day s I f the b u cket u sed h o lds ii of a t o n
.
,

h o w m a ny b u cketf u ls m u st be take n o u t each day ?

38 . A fr u it m erchant b u ys apples at $ 1 4 per barrel an d

1
s ells at $ 51
1
per barrel I f the e x pense
. of handling is $ 1
1 3
per barrel w hat is his pro fit in b u ying and selling 6 4 0
,

b arrels ?

39 . A w ork m an in a Shoe m an u factory receives 3 2 cen ts

’
a n ho u r for a day s w ork of 8 ho u rs W hen he w ork s .

o verti m e each e x tra ho u r is reckoned as 1

, 4ho u rs H ow .

m u ch does he ear n i n a w eek w hen he w o rks as follo w s :

Monday 8 ho u rs T u esday 1 0 ho u rs W ednesday 9 4hou r s
, , ,

T h u rsday 9 ho u rs Friday 1 04 ho u rs and Satu rday 1 1

, ,

ho u rs
40 . A tu b of b u tter w eighed 56 po u n ds The grocer .

s old
4 of it to one c u sto m er and
4 the re m ainder to an

oth e r c u sto m er H o w m any po u nd s w ere left ?

.

41 .A ft e r u sing 34 yards of cloth at one ti m e and 3; ,

2
as

m u ch at a nother 74 yards w ere left

, H o w m any yards
. at

fi rst ?

42 . can lay a w all in 1 2 days another

O ne m ason
m ason c a n lay it in 1 5 days I f the w ages O f the first a r e
.

$ 4 per day w hat o u ght to be the daily w ages O f t h e secon d

,

43 . A gang
of m e n can b u ild a piece of road in 24 w eeks ,

w orking 1 0 ho u rs a day H o w long w ill it t ake if th e y

.

w ork 8 ho u rs a day ?
1 74 A DVANC E D A RI TH MT IC
E

The second and third ? F ind the shorte st ti m e in w hich

the reservoir can be e m ptied .

’
52 . E m m a and C lara can do the w eek s ironing in 2
h o u rs E m m a alone in 6 h o u rs In w hat ti m e can C l a ra
. .

d o i t alon e ?
REVIEW EXERCI S E

1 . C hange the fractions in each co u plet to lo w est ter m s

an d the n find the su m and the diff e r e nce of each co u plet .

2 . Find the prod u ct of each co u plet .

3 . D ivide the first ter m Of each co u plet by the second

term .

4 .Tell at sight w hat m u st be added to each Of these

n u m bers to m ake 1 00
24 34 44 64 6g 84 1 24
1 64 3 34 374 6 24 6 64 8 34 8 74
5 .Find the su m and the di ff e rence of e a ch Of the above
n u m bers and 50 ; 25 ; 75 ; 1 6 4; 3 3 1
6 6 4; 8 34; 1 24;
3 74; 6 24; 8 74 .
 M
DECI AL S
1 I s a decim al a w hole n u m ber or a fraction
.

A po w er of a n u m ber is th e prod u ct obtained by usi ng

that n u m ber a specified n u m ber of ti m es as a factor .

Th u s the seco n d po w er of 1 0 is 1 0 x 1 0 or 1 00
, , .

2 . What is the third po w er of ten ?

3 . t
pow er of 1 0 is repre sented by
at 10 ? 4
W hat is
the fo u rth po w er of 1 0 ?
4 . W hat m u st the deno m inator of a deci m al be
5 . W rite as deci m als : 1 33 1 617 1 530—6 1 06 6—6 “ 336 “
6 . W hen a co m m on fraction w hose denom inator is 1 0 o r
po w er of 1 0 is e x pressed as a deci m al
om e , how is th e
n u m ber of deci m al p laces deter m i ned ?
7 . W rite as co m m on fractions : . 9 . 09 . 009 . 0009
. 00009

8 . W hen decim al is e x pressed as a co m m on fraction

a ,

how is the deno m inator determ ined ?

D CI
E M
AL S : NOTATION AND NU M
ERATI ON

i
s s
‘
v
;
2
p
. 1 3 a s
3
g g 2 g

|
a

i 2
<
z é
3
( i f
f 3 i 5
‘

3 2 8 6 5 7
Read
1 . . 007 2 . 0035 3 . 01 05 1 206 7
5 . . 01 02 6 . . 2008 7 . . 01 3246 s . . 6 8 7259
1 76 A D VANC E D A RI TH MT IC
E

9 . 1 0 . 1 1 . 12 .

1 3 . 1 4 . 1 5 . 1 6 . 4 9 230 7

1 7 . 1 8 . 1 9 . 20 .

21 . W hat is a m i xed decim al ?

W rite in fig u res
22 . Thirty seven h u ndredths
-
.

23 . Nine thou sandths .

24 . Forty -
tw o ten tho u sandths
-
.

25 . Seven h u ndred sixteen h u ndred thou san dth s -

.

26 . One h u ndred eighty and si ty nin e h u ndred ths x -

.

27 . Five tho u sa nd forty eight -

a n d si x tho u sandths .

28 . Seventy and si xty one h u ndred tho u sandths

-
.

29 . Fo u r h u ndred fou r tho u sandths .

so F o u r h u ndred and fo u r tho u san dths

. .

31 . One h u ndred tho u sand one h u ndred and o ne

hu ndredth .

DECI AL M AND F RA CTIONAL E QUIVALE NT S

W rite as co m m on fractions in their lo west ter m s

1 . . 35 2 . 65 3 . . 85

5 . . 48 6 . . 72 7 . . 56

9 . . 64 1 0 . . 28 1 1 . . 84

1 3 . . 1 25 14 . . 375 1 5 . . 225

1 7 . . 6 25 1 8 . . 025 1 9 . . 075

21 . . 00% 22 . . 0375 23 . 06 25

25 . . 01 25 26 . . 4 25 27 . . 1 05
1 78 A DVAN C E D A RI TH MTIC E

M
D ECI AL S ADDITION
Write in decim al form and fi nd the su m o f
1 .
6600
6 1
31 0 0 4 51
353 , 1 1
21 0, 26 1 4
,

73
2 241 0 T0
7
. 3
617 1 0 60 0, 37 9 4
1 00
1 00 —
3” , , .

1 0 1 60 1 0 00 1 060 0 1 0 0 00 0
3 9 °
9 9 "
, , , ,

7 7 77 7 71 1
1 1” 1 0 0 0 1 115050 1 0 0 1 00 0 7?
4 1 1
, , ,

Find the su m of
5 . 41 2 .

Q . 308 .

Q . 006 , . 08 , 0007 . 9 .

1 0 . . 0007, . 01 6 5, . 904 , 8 , . . 21 7 .

11 . . 08 05 .

1 2 . . 1 ,

1 3 . h u ndredths ; 1 5 tho u sandths ; 6 5 h u n dre dths ;

7
5 te nths : 8 te n tho u sandths -
.

1 4 9 5 ten tho u sandths ; 3 8 9 tho u san dths

.
-
26 5 ten .

tho u sa ndths .

1 5 Si x hu ndred and six thou sandths ; eight h u ndre d

.

and fou r tenths ; seventy and eighty si x te n tho u sandths - -

.

1 6 . 1 7 . 18 . 1 9 .

. 78 54
1 08 42

9 8 003 1

500004

. 7006 3
 D E CI ALS M SUBT RA C T I ON 1 79

D ECI AL S M : S UBT RACTION

Su btract at sight
1 . 2 . 3 . . 47 4 . . 007 5 . 0075
. 7 . 9 12 005 0025

6 . 7 . s . 9 .

. 9

11 . From 1 take . 5 . 25 . 75 . 42 . 67
.

12 . Fro m 1 take . 1 . 01 . 001 . 0001 .

1 3 . F rom 4 take

14 . From . 5 take 25 . . 05 . 49 . 025 .

1 5 . From take 1 0; . 1
1 6 . 1 7 . 1 8 . 1 9 . 909
. 4 09 57 09 09

20 . . 8 07 22 . . 005 23 . . 68
. 69 . 0027 . 03 75

24 Fro m eight and seventy

.
-
five h u ndredths tak e
ninety t w o h u ndredths
-
.

25 Fro m si x ty seven h u ndredths take seventy nine

.
- -

th ou sandths .

26 .Find the d ifi e re nc e bet w een si xty t w o and eight -

h u nd redths and t w elve and eighty si x tho u sa n dth s

,
-
.

27 . Su btract t w enty -
si x tho u sandths fro m two and fi v e
tenths .

28 Tak e ten and one h u ndredth from one h u ndre d

. a nd

one tenth .
1 80 A DVANCE D A RI TH MT IC E

29 . S u btract three h u ndredths from three h u ndre d .

30 F ro m
. t wo h u ndred t wo tak e t wo h u ndre d two
t ho u sandths .

31 . By h o w m u ch
is o ne h u ndred and one h u ndredt h
g reater than one h u ndred one h u ndredths ?

DECI AL S M M
ULTI PLI: CAT I ON

1 . m u ltiplied by 10
2 . m u ltiplied by 1 00

3 . m u ltiplied by 1 000
4 . m u ltiplied by 1 0000
5 . m u ltiplied by . 1
6 . m u ltiplied by . 01
7 . m u ltiplied by . 001
8 . m u ltiplied by . 0001
9 . Tell ho w to m u ltiply by 10 . By 1 00 . By 1 000 .

By
1 0 . Tell how to m u ltiply by . 1 . By . 01 . By . 001 .

By 0001. .

11 . E xpress 64 8 dollars as cents ; 2750 cents as dollars .

M u ltiply :
1 2 . by 1 0; by 1 00 ; by 1 000 ; by
1 3 . 859 6 25 by 1 .
; by . 01 ; by . 001 ; by . 0001 .

1 4 . 3 75 by 1 . 1 5 . by 10

1 6 . by 10 1 7 . by 1 00

1 8 . by . 01 1 9 . by . 1

20 . by . 001 21 . by 1 000

22 . by . 01 23 . by . 01
1 82 A DVAN C E D A RI TH MT I
E C

v6 7 . . 08 25 by 026 . 68 . by 01 05 .

69 . 6 728 by 0005 . 70 . . 006 4 by 29

71 . .00086 by 295 72 . by 025 .

73 . by 74 . 6336 0 by 075 .

75 . . 0075 by 044 .

M u l t iply by 500 .

m u l t ip l ie d by 1 00 $ 240 ; $ 240 m u l ti pli e d by 5 1 200 .

77 . M u ltiply by 05 . .

m u l tip li e d by 01 . m u l ti p l i e d by 5

M u ltiply
°

78 . 8 26 by 200 79 . by 20
80 . by 30 81 . $ 36 by . 5
82 . by 2 . 83 . by . 4
84 . by 300 85 . by 4 00
86 . by 6 00 87 .
$ 75 by 6 .

88 . by 02 . 89 . by 08 .

90 . $ 1 6 by 3 . 91 . $ 8 1 0 by 07 .

92 . $ 36 00 by 002 . 93 . $ 48 00 by 005 .

M
DECI AL S : D IVI S ION

M
T e st these divisions :
1 . 2 . 4 3 . 4 . 629 54 5 .

. 08 008 08 . 009 . 005

6 . Find the qu otient of (1 ) . 64 2
( )
3
( )

400
3
( ) 2 0658 2
4 206 ) s2400
 M
D E C I ALS DIV I SION 1 83

Tell w hat change w as

7 . m ade in each of the above
e x am ples be fore dividing .

Whe n th e d i vi sor co nta i ns a de c i m a l , m ak e th e d ivi so r a w h o l e

nu m be r by m u lti p lyi ng bo th d ivi sor a nd divi de nd by 1 0 1 00 1 000 , , ,

e tc .

In divi d i ng a d eci mal by a w h ol e nu m ber the dec i m al po i nt in th e ,

qu o t i e n t st a n ds i n th e sa m e c o l u m n a s t he d e c i m a l p o i n t i n t h e
divi de nd .

T h e fi rst ste p i n d ivi si o n of dec i m a l s is to wr i te t h e de c im al poi nt

in the qu o t ie n t .

Solve at sight
6 . 9. 10 .

11 . 56 . 7 12
. . 3 1 3 . . 54 + . 9

D ivide
1 4 . . 08 5 by 1 7 009 6by 8
1 6 . . 0027 by 18 by
18 . . 308 by . 35 by

20 . by by
22 . . 06 by . 001 by
24 . 204 by . 08 5 by
26 . by 1 8 00 by . 01

28 . by . 003 6 71 by . 3 05

30 . by by 25 .

32 . . 08 1 8 1 by . 1 728 by 48
34 . 1 728 by . 96 by . 36

36 . by . 32 by . 58
38 . . 4 6 6 2 by 74 by 58
40 . . 254 6 by 6 7 . . 8 89 2 by 247
42 . . 1 38 by 276 by
1 84 A DVAN C E D A RI TH MT IC
E

4 08 by 01 7 . by 1 00
by 056 . by 08 .

by 003 . by
by by 1 23
by 01 1 . . 0576 by 36 .

. 008 4 by 035 . . 0364 8 by 006 .

. 06 1 6 by 007 . . 04 32 by 36

WRI T TE N PROBLE M S

1 . A far m er sold five loads of hay w eighing as foll o w s

.4 5 t o n 6 25 t o n 54 to n 375 ton and 4 ton
, .
, . H o w m a ny , .
, .

t ons did he sell ?

2 . The sides of an irreg u lar field m easu re rods ,

rod s rods , rods rods rods

, , , .

H o w m any ro ds less than a m ile (3 20 rods) is the distanc e

a ro u nd the field ?

3 . Fro m a hogshead m olasses containi ng 8 4 gallon s 6 1

th e re are dra w n gallons gallons gallons , , ,

20 gallons 75 gallon and , . gallons H o w m any gal

, .

M
lo n s are left ?
4 . r B ro w n sold land as follo w s :
. 78 acre 4 acre .
, ,

6 % acres 8 74 acre and 71 acre

, . H o w m any acres did h e
, . .

s ell ?

5 . The statu te k not u sed in m eas u ring distances on

t h e sea is m iles What is th e speed in m iles o f .

a stea m ship m aking knots an ho u r ?

6 . H o w long a bolt w ill be re q u ired to fasten t ogethe r
t w o planks one inches thick and the other
, inche s
t hick allo w ing 3 75 of an inch for the head o f the bol t
, .

a nd 3 75 of an inch for the n u t ?

.
1 86 AD VANC E D A RI TH MT IC
E

DRILL EXERCI S E

A t sight s u btract each fraction fro m 1 0

, .

Fin d the su m of each col u m n ; of all the col u m ns .

Find the su m of each ro w ; of all the ro w s .

4 M ake a table si m ilar to that above e x pressing each

.
,

fraction as a deci m al .

5 . F in d the su m of each col u m n ; of all the col um n s .

6 . Find the su m of each ro w ; of all the r o ws .

COUNTI NG

500 sheets are fre q u ently called a rea m .

P aper is q u ite generally sold by the pou nd .

1 . H o w m any dozen in 75 eggs ? In 1 00 eggs

2 . H o w m any oranges in 34 dozen ? In 2g dozen
 LINEA R MEA SUR E 1 87

3 . C o m pare a dozen w i th a score . A score w ith a

dozen .

4 . How old is a m an w ho i s “
three score years and

te n

5 . H o w m a ny score in a centu ry
6 . At 2 cents each , h o w m u ch w ill a gross of pencils
c ost
7 . H o w m a ny gross of pencils in 8 box es of 6 doze n
ea ch
8 . H o w m any
sheets in a rea m
9 H o w m any e n velopes m u st be bo u ght t o m atch 23
.

q u ires of letter paper ?

10 What is the cost of 1 of a ream of paper at 20 cents
.

a q u ire
.

11 A t $52 a ream w hat is th e cost of 6 qu ires of paper ?

. .

LINEAR M
EA S URE
1 R epeat th e table of linear m eas u re
. .

2 1 m ile
. rods yards
inches .

3 What are th e di m ensions in feet of a ho u se lo t

.

2 rods by 4 ro ds ? What is the peri m eter of the lot in feet ?

4 E xpress as parts of a m ile the d im ensions of a lot
.

8 0 ro ds by 4 0 rods E xpress its peri m eter in m iles

. .

5 A fatho m is 6 feet A cable le ngth is 1 20 fatho m s

. . .

A ship is anchored 3 cable lengths fro m shore i n 1 5g fath

o m s of w ater E xpress distances in feet
. .

’
6 Noah s ark w as 300 c u bits long 50 c u bits W ide a nd
.
, ,

3 0 c u bits high A sacred c u bit is

. feet Give the .

d i m ensions in feet .
 88 AD VANC E D ARI TH MT IC E

7 . A m ilit ary pace is 2% feet A t 1 20 paces a m in u te . .

how long w ill it take a regi m ent to m arch a m ile ?

8 . H o w m any
feet of w ire m u st be u sed in b u ilding a
fra m e w ork for grapevines if there are 4 ro w s each 3 rods , ,

long and 6 w ires high ?

9 . Ho w m any rails 30
feet long w ill be re qu ir ed to lay
a railroad track 5of a m il e long ?
10 . A n aviator reaches a height of feet E xpress
.

th e height in m iles .

A stone c o n t ra c to r ag re e d to fu rnish feet of

‘
1 1 .

c u rbing at per rod . What w as the total price

1 2 . Five ho u se lots side by si de m eas u re , respectively ,

70 ft . 6 in .
, ft .
, 4 rd .
, 222yd .
, and 57% ft What .

is t he total frontage in feet ?

1 3 A m a p is dra w n on a scale of
. 1 "to 37% m iles .

What is th e distance bet ween t w o places 33

1 inche s
a part ?

1 4On anoth er m ap
. represents , 1 ro d . H o w m an y
”
f eet does a line 1 3 long represent ?
'

”
1 5 . L ettingepresent 1 6 0 rods dra w a line to re p re
1 r ,

sent t h e dis t ance bet w e en t w o places 1 } m iles apart .

1 6 . A contractor w h o w as to bu ild a piece of railroad

track 2l g m iles long w as obliged to stop w ork af ter c o m
—a

p l e t i n g 525 ro d s W hat part . of the w ork w as nu

finished ?
1 7 At. per bale of 20 rods h o w m u ch m u st Mr , .

Jenki ns pay for the w i fe fencing necessa ry to inclose h i s

ast u re 1 4 rods long and 6 r ods w ide ?
p ,
1 90 AD VANC E D A RI TH MT I E C

3 A geography covers 9 6 s q u are inches on the table

.
.

It is 8 inc hes w ide H o w long is it ? .

4 A field is 9 rods long and i as w ide What is i ts

.
t .

a rea ? What is its peri m eter

5 One board is 1 6 i n by 4 i n
. A nother is 8 in . . .

Sq u are C o m pare their areas C om pare their peri m eters

. . .

6 The area of a s q u a re lot is 4 9 s qu are rods Wha t

. .

i s its peri m eter ?

7 The peri m eter of a s qu are lot is 4 8 ro ds What i s
. .

its area ?
8 A field is 8 rods long I t contains 32 s q u are rods
. . .

Ho w m any rods of fence w ill inclose it ?

9 What is m eant by 2 sq u are inches ?

.

1 0 .What is m eant by a 2 inch s q u are ? -

1 1. Mr C hase has t w o s q u are fields One contains 6 4

. .

sq u are rods The di stance aro u nd the other is 6 4 rods

. .

C om pare their areas C o m pare their perim eters . .

PROBLEM
S

1 What are the

. feet of a di m ensions i n 1 2 inch
-

squ are ? W hat is its peri m eter in feet ? I ts area in

s q u are feet ?
2 .Make and fill ou t a table like the follo w ing

SQ UA R E S DI MNS IO NS
E 1 N F E ET PE R I M
ETE B m F E ET AR E A IN SQ UA R E FE E T

4 feet 1 squ are foo t

C onti e w ith 4 8 inch

nu inch 72 inch inch -

, 60 -

,
-

, 84 -

, 96
inch 1 08 inch 1 20 inch 1 3 2 inch 1 44 inch s q u ares
,
-

,
-

,
-

,
-
.
 P R O BLE M S 1 91

3 . Mr Jam es has a lot of land containing

. 16 s q u are
r o ds . E xpress its area in acres .

4 Mr B row n has a lot that is

. . 16 rods s q u are . Ex

p r ess its area in acres .

5 . A lot 1 08 ft by 75 ft is sold at
. . 1 21
2
cents a s qu are
foot . Ho w m u ch is received for it ?

6 A lot of land is 6 6 feet w ide and 1 5ti m es as long

. .

1
( ) H o w m any rods of fence w ill be re q u ired to inclose
it ? 2
( ) W hat is the val u e of the lot at 1 8 cents a s q u are
f oot ?

7 H o w m any
feet of w eather m olding are necessary
"
.

’
for a door 6 1 0 by 3 ’ What is the area of the
ope ning w hen the door is w ide open ?

Find the n u m ber of acres in lots of these di m ensions

Lnxo m Ww w '
Lnxa m e u

8 . 3 2 rd . 24 rd . 9 . 60 rd . 60 rd .

20% rd . 18 rd . 1 1 . rd . 1 0% r d .

1 2 . 1 § rd 1? rd . 1 3 . 31 rd . 3% rd .

1 4 . rd . rd . 1 5 .
1 rd
2
.
5rd .

1 6 . 36 9 ft . 110 ft . 1 7 . 44 0 ft . 39 6 ft .

18 . 24 rd . 24 r d . 1 9 . rd . rd .

20 . Find the peri m eters of the lots in e x am ples 8 to 19 .

21 . A lot conta ini ng 2 A . 112 s q rd wa s c u t u p into

. .

18 e qu al ho u se lo ts H o w . m any s q u are rods in eac h

l ot ?

22Mr Jackson paid $ 8 000 for a lot 40 rd by 30 rd

. . . .

A t the sa m e r ate w hat o u ght he to pay for another lot

o ne half as long and one half as w ide ?
1 92 AD VANC E D A RI TH MT IC
E

23 . The garden of the Harvard school is 8 0 ft by .

6 0 ft E ac h p u pil has a plot 1 0 ft by 5 ft A llo w ing o ne

. . .

six t h of the w hole area for pa ths h o w m any individ u al ,

gardens are there ?

Find the areas of the follo w ing rectangles
L NG T Ww w E H L NG T '
E H e n

24 18
.
’ 12 ’
25 1 5 in . . 1 24in .

26 . 20 '
15’ 27 . 24 ft . 18 ft . 6 in .

28 .
’
16 6 ”
14 6 ' ”
29 . 75ft . 74 ft .

” ”
30 . 13 lfi 31 .
7} r d . 41 yd .

’
1 6 ” '
32 .
g 33 . 41 ft . 20 in .

34 .
’
3 3” ’
2 6 ”
35 . 48 ft . 1 5 yd .

36 . li ’ 13 '
37 . 6 0 yd . 4 0 yd 2 ft . .

' ” ' ”
38 . 1 8 1 3 39 . yd .
gf t .

40 .
’
15 6 ”
14 ’ 41 . 1 5% ft . 1 54 ft .

42 . 12 8 " ' ’
10 6 ”
43 . rd . yd .

44 E xpress the peri m eters of the above rectangles

. in
inches feet or yards as directed
, , , .

45 . If yo u w ere g iven
yo u r choice of three lots 36 rd .

1
by 9 rd 27 rd by 2 d and 1 8 rd by 1 8 rd
r — o u con
.
, . .
, . .

dition that yo u pay for fencing w hich w o u ld yo u choose ,

46 . The cost of fencing a lot at 22 cents per foot w as

What w as the peri m eter of the lot ?

47 A chess board is 8 s qu ares long and 8 s q u ares w i de
. .

E ach s q u are is 1 % inches long What is the area of th e .

board ? The distance arou nd its e dge ?

48 . What is t he area of a table 2 ft 8 . in by 2 ft . . 8 in .
?
1 94 A D VANC E D ARI TH MT IC
E

4 The n u m ber of feet of fencing re qu ired

. th e n u m b e x
of rods .

5 .The n u m ber of 5 rod bales of fencing that m u st be

-

b oug ht and the cost at per bale (The dealer w ill .

no t se ll a part of a bale ) .

6 .The n u m ber of posts re q u ire d to s u pport th e nettin g

a bo u t the yards if placed 1 0 feet apart on the so u th sid e

a nd 8 feet apart on the lines r u nning nort h and so u th if ,

the netting is fastened directly to the ho u se .

7 The cost of the posts at

. 13 cents each ; t otal cost of

nettin g and posts .

USE OF S I GNS

1 . What operations m u st be perform ed first in solv ing

36 -
2 + 3 x 2? In 20

When several term s are inclosed in a parenthesis s olv e ,

the part in parenthesis first .

Solve
2 . 13+3 x 2 . 3 .

16 — 2x 4 1 6 — 2 4
4 . . 5 .
( ) x .

6 . 7 .

8 . 9 .

1 0 .
— 3 . 1 1 .

B rackets braces i f and the vincul u m

, , , , h ave
the sa m e force as the parenthesis .

1 2 .
—2. 1 3 .

1 4 . 24 x 2 + 4 . 1 5 .

1 6 . 1 7.

1 s .
—3 x 2 . 1 9 .
 Q UA DRI LA T E RALS 1 95

20 . Sho w that 8 3 5 x 4 is e q u al to (1 0 1 1 ) x 3 .

21 . Wh ich is greater x 5 or 4
, 8 x 5?
22 . What is the su m of 54 6 1 2 and 54 (6
23 . H o w m any ti m es is
42 2 contained in ( 32 4 ) x 2?
4

24 .
—
I f 54 (6 x 9 ) is taken fro m 54 z 6 x 9 w hat is left ,

25 . What is the prod u ct of 20 x 3 3 and 20 x 3 3 ?

—
26 . D ivide 401 8 x 2 by 1 5 x 2 2 .

27 . F ind the su m diff erence prod u ct a nd q u otient o f

, , ,

— 2 x 1 an d — 2x 1
4 1 .

QUAD R ILAT E RALS

1 . What is a qu adrila teral ?

PAR ALL E LO G R AM S

Re c tang l e Squa re

Rh o m bo id Rh o m b us

2 . What na m e is given to q u adrilaterals having tw o

p airs of par a llel Sides

3 Nam e the diff erent kinds of parallelogra m s

. .

4 D escribe a rectangl e A s q u are A rhom boid

. . . .

A rhom b u s .

NO T E . Any c o rre ct d e scri pti o n sh o u ld be acce pte d T he m ai n

.

th i ng i s to b e su re th a t pu p i l s d i sti ngu i sh c le ar ly th e d i ff e re nt fi u re s
g .

5 . Wh at is the altit u de of a p a rallelogram ?

1 96 A D VANC E D A RI TH MTI E C

6 Tell h ow
. to the area of a recta ngl e . Of an
y
parallelogram .

7 . What nam e is give n to

q u adrilaterals having one p a i r
o f p a rallel sides ?

TR AP E z om
8 . W hat is the altit u de of a

trapezoid ? t

9 D ra w a trapezoid on paper C u t it o u t a nd fold so

. .

t hat the parallel Sides coincide C u t along the crease ; .

a rrange the parts to for m a parallelogra m What is th e .

base of the parall elogra m ? I ts area ? W hat is the are a

of the trapezoid ?
The a r ea f
o a tr ap ez oi d is e u al
q to on e ha lf the p roduc t
of i ts i tu de
a lt an d the su m o f i ts p a r a llel si d es .

F ind the areas of trapezoids of these di m ensions

PA RA LL L SI D A LT T U DE ES I E

1 0 20 in and 1 2 in
. . 8 in . .

16 in and
. 18 in .

18 in and
. 1 5 in .

3 2 ft . and 10 ft .

1 ft . 8 in . an d 1 ft .

2 ft 8 . in and
. 1 ft . 4

ft . a nd 16 ft .

ft and . ft .

1 2% ft and . ft .

1 8 4 ft . and 1 6 g ft .
1 98 A D VANC E D ARI TH MT IC
E

The peri m eter of an isosceles triangle is 20 inches ;

7.

its base is 6 inches What is the length of each of th e

.

other sides
The base of an isosceles t ria ngle is 25rods
8 .
on e o f
the e q u al sides is 5} rods What is the peri m eter ? .

9 . D escribe a scalene triangle .

The sides of a scalene triangle are 8 % inches

‘

10 .
,

inches and 6 4 inches respectively Find the peri m eter

, , . .

The peri m eter of a scalene triangle is 20% yards

1 1 . .

T w o sides are respectively 30 feet and 1 2 feet

, Fin d , .

the third Side .

II . W ith respect to their angles .

RI G H T -
A NGL E D AC U T E -
A NG L E D O B T US E -
A NG L E D

D escribe a right angl e d triangl e

1 2 .
-
. A n ac te an g l e d
u -

triangle A n obtu se angled triangle

.
-
.

1 3 . What is the altit u de of a triangle

F INDING AREAS OF T RIANGLE S

F IGU R E 1 F IG U R E 2

Tell
1 . h o w t o fi nd the area of fig u re 1 . Of t h e

shaded part . Of the Shaded part of fig u re 2 .

 F INDING AR EAS or T RIANGL E S 1 99

M a rea of a tr ia ng le i s e ual
q to on e ha lf the p ro d u ct f
o

i ts ba se a nd i ts a lti tu d e .

2 . W hat is the area o f a triang u lar piece of cardboard

w hose base is 6 ; inches and w hose altit u de is 3 } inches
3 .A patch w ork bedspread is m ade u p of 3 78 pieces ,

each in the shape of a right triangle whose base is 4 -

in ch e s and w hose altitu de is 4 inches H o w m any s q u a r e .

feet does it cover ? H o w m any s q u are yards

4 . The tw o short sides of a corner c u pboard are each
1 foot 8 inches inside m eas u re m ent
, What is the area of .

the bottom shelf

5 . M r Jam ieson has a w ood lot in the shape of a tri
.

angle One side is 4 0 rods and the shortest distanc e

.
,

from this side to the opposite angle is 36 rods H o w .

m any acres in the lot ?

6 . A farm er has a triang u lar past u re whose sides a re

each 8 0 rods H o w m u ch w ill it cost to fence it w ith
.

w ire fencing at pe r bale of 1 0 rods

7 .The distance fro m the m iddle of one of the Sides to
th e opposite angle of the pastu re i n proble m 6 is
r o ds What is the area in s q u are rods
.
'

I n acres
EXERCI SE S ORAL
1 . Find the cost per dozen w hen the price of one is
e
ey a; $ 13 $ 2;
2 . Fin "the price of one w hen the cost per doze
. n is :
‘
sor 4 0¢ a; $ 20
3 . Find the rate per dozen w he n 4 articles are sold for
6 fo r 3 for 2 for 8 for 201 5 .

4 . Tell the price of one w hen the cost per h u ndred i s :

$ 3 $14 $ 40 $ 50
200 AD VANC E D A RI TH MT IC
E

T H E J E F F E R SON SC HOOL GA RD E N
202 A D VANC E D A RITH MT I
E C

8 Of w hat shape are t he beds of p u rple asters ? W hat

.

i s the area of each ? Give t he n u m bers of all other bed s

of the sa m e shape and area .

9 Find the area devoted to pink asters ; to w hite

.

asters ; to daisies ; to fo rget m e nots ; to nast u rti u m s ; to

- -

poppies ; to s w eet peas ; to v iolets .

1 0 . Find the total area of the flo w er beds .

T H E V E G E T A B LE G A R D E N

11 . Find the d ifle re nc e in are a of the tw o plots of p o ~

t a t oe s . The area of both plots .

1 2 . What is the total area de v oted to onions ?

1 3 . O f w hat
hape are the plots of carrots ?
S What is
the a rea of each plot ? Of both ?
1 4 Of w hat Shape are the patches of s w eet corn ?
. T he
area of each ?
1 5 Find the area devoted to beans ; to beets ; to cab
.

bages ; t o celery ; to c u c u m bers ; to lettu ce ; to parsley ;

to pars nips ; to s q u ashes to to m atoes ; to t u rnips .

1 6 A t h” a foot h o w m u ch w ill it cost to place

.
, w ir e
n e tting aro u nd the c u c u m ber and the s q u ash beds ?

1 7 . Find the total area of the v egetable beds .

TH E W H O LE GAR D E N

1 8 . Find the total area of flo w er and vegetable beds .

1 9 . Fi n d the tota l area of garden and grass plots .

20 Fro m the a ns w ers to proble m s

. 1 and 1 9 , fi nd t h e
area co vered by paths .
 P LA ST E R ING 203

PLAS TERING
Pl aste ri ng is u su ally esti ma te d by the squ are yard .

In es ti m ati ng w o k to be d o ne eve y c o n tra c to r fo llo ws a r u le w h i c h

r , r

e x pe ri e n c e h a s t a u gh t h i m to b e re l i a b l e Th e ge n e ra l c u sto m i s to .

d e d u c t f o m th e to ta l a e a o f th e w all s a n d c e i l i ng o ne h a lf th e a e a
r r r

o f o p e ni n gs re c k o ni n g to t h e n e a re st y a rd
,
.

In so lvi ng p o b le m s m ak e y o u r pra c ti c e i n re ga d to m e th o ds a n d
r ,
r

r ic e s c o nf or m to l o c a l c o nd i ti o n s B i ld re a l w a y s w i ll i n g to
p u e rs a .

f u rnish a ny info m ati o n desi re d r .

1 . H o w m any
s q u are yards in the
w alls a n d ceiling of a room 21 ft .

long 1 8 ft w ide and 1 2 ft high ?

, .
, .

D IA GR A M OF W ALLS A ND C E ILING
ll t t d by p t b d b w i th t
Thi s m ay b e i u s ra e a as e o ar ox ou cove r .

T he w a ll s f o r m a re c ta n g l e w h o se l e ngth i s t he p e ri m e te r o f the
ro o m . W h a t are the di m en si o ns o f th e re c ta ng l e fo r m e d by th e w a ll s
By t he c e ili ng ?

78 x 1 2 9 36 , no . o f sq . f t i n w all s
.

21 x 1 8 3 78 , no . of s .
q ft i n
. l i ng
ce i

1 3 1 4, no . o f sq . ft in
. w all s a n d c e i l i n g
1 31 4
92
1 46 , no . o f sq .
yd i n.w a ll s and ce il ing

Find the n u m ber o f squ a re y a rds in th e walls and ceilin g

of the follo wing roo m s rec koni n g to the neares t s qu are yard
,

L N G TH WI D T H
E II L NG TH WI D H H I H E I G IIT E T E G T

2 1 6 ft
. 1 2 ft 8 ft . 3 17 ’ .15 '
9 '
. .

20 ft 1 8 ft 1 2 ft 5 18 ’ 16 ’ 9g
4 . . . . .

6 1 5 ft 1 5 ft 9 ft 7
’
18 6 ”
16 '
10 ’
" "
. . . . .

s 3 0 ft . 28 ft 1 2 ft. 9
’
15 6 .
'
13 6 9 '
. .
204 A DVANC E D A RI TH MT I E C

1 0 . A t 31 cents a foot w hat w ill be the cost of pict u re

,

?
m ol ding for each of the above roo m s
1 1 .A t 25 cents a s q u are foot w hat w ill it cost to lay a
,

hard w ood floor in eac h of the a bov e roo m s ?

1 2 .
’
A schoolroo m is 30 x 24 x ’ Find the cost of
u tting a blackboard 4 feet w ide on the long side a t
p
22} cents per s q u are foot .

1 3 . A t 30? a s qu are yard find the cost of plastering

,

the w alls a n d ceiling of a room 1 8 ft long 1 5 ft w ide .

, .
,

a n d 9 ft h igh m a king n o allo w ance for openings

.
,
.

1 4 . Find the cost of plastering the roo m in proble m 1 3 ,

a llo w ing 9 6 s q ft for openings

. . .

Find the cost of plastering the w alls and ceilings of the

f ollo w ing roo m s

20 . A t 4 0 cents per s q u are yar d w h a t is t he cost of

,

’
plast e ring a roo m 1 5 x 1 2 x'
a llo w ing for 2 ope n ings
'
6 x ’ ’
and 2 opening s 8 x 35 D ed u ct one half the are a
of Op e n ings .

A roo m is long ’ ”
1 3 6 W i de , ’
21 .
, and 1 0 high .

Ther e are 2 openi ngs 7 x ’ and ’

3 openings 6 x 3 '
.

Fi nd t h e area the plasterer reckons .

22 . Make o u t the bill to the city for plastering th e

s chool roo m at the local rates .
206 A DVANC E D A RI TH MT IE C

2
. H o w m any
yar ds of carpeting m u st be bo u ght for a
r oo m 1 6 ft long a n d 1 3 ft w ide ?
. .

3 .I f an allo w ance of one foot o n each strip e xcept the

fi rst is m ade fo r m atching h o w m any ya rds of carpeting ,

w ill be re qu ired for a roo m 24 ft long and 1 8 ft w ide ? . .

4 . A bo u t a roo m 1 8 1 ft by 1 6 ft is a hard w ood . .

border 1 ft 6 in w ide What are the di m ensions of a

. . .

ru
g j u st large eno u gh to cover t h e rest of the floor ?

5 . I to carpet a roo m 21 ft by 1 7 ft in the m ost

w ish . .

e conom ical w a y Which w ay o u ght the strips to ru n

.

6 . Make o u t the bill for carpeting a roo m 1 6 ft by 1 5 .

f t w ith B ru ssels carpet at

. per yard .

7 . At per yard w hat w ill it cost to carpet a ,

r oo m 1 9 ft by 1 6 ft if a total of 1 1 yards is w asted in

. .
,

m atching
8 . I n a certain roo m the carpet is to be laid cross w ise .

T h e roo m is 5g yd long and 4 2yd w ide .H o w m u ch -

. .

c arpeting w ill be re q u ired ?

9 . H o w m any yards of stra w m atting 1 yd w ide m u st .

be bo u ght for a roo m 1 7 ft 6 in long and 1 1 ft 1 0 in . . . .

w ide

1 0 At
. a s q u are yard w hat is the cost of a lino ,

l e u m for a kitchen 1 31 ft by 8 ft ? . .

Find t he cost of carpeting the follo w i ng roo m s

D IM E NS I O N S or R o o ms

Le ng th W i d th
 C UBI C OR V O LU E M MEA S UR E 207

CU BIC OR VOLU M MA E E S URE

1 . Write the table of c u bic m eas u re .

A load of earth sand etc , , .

, is a c u bic yard .

The vol u m e of a solid is the n u m ber of c u bic u nits it

c ont a ins .

2 . What is the vol u m e of a solid 5 in . long , 4 in . w ide ,

and 3 in high ? .

0 ni t o f m e as u rement

1 ro w o f c u bi c uni ts

5 in .

l l ayer of c u bi c u ni ts

T he u n i t of m e a su re m e n t is 1 c u b ic i n ch . H o w m any of th e se
c u bic u ni ts in 1 ro w ? In 1 l ay e r ? In all the l aye r s ?
Ste p s ta k e n
F irst . D e te r m i ne t he u ni t o f m e asu re m e n t .

Fi nd c u b i c u n i t s i n 1 ro w
Ml ly
Sec ond . t h e n u m be r o f .

Thi rd . u ti p the n u m b e r o f c u b i c u n i ts i n 1 r o w by t he n u m be r

Ml ly
o f ro w s .

F ou rth . u ti p th e nu m be r of c u bi c u ni ts in 1 l a ye r by t h e
nu mbe r o f l aye rs .

In fi n di n g v o l u m e s th e th ree d i m e nsio ns m ust be e x p re s se d i n th e

sa me u ni t o f m e a su r e m e n t (i n ch e s f e e t y a rd s
, , ,
208 AD VANC E D AR I T H MI ET C

1 . H o w m an y di m ensions has a c u be ? How do the y

co m pare ?
2 . H ow m any faces has a c u be ? What is their shape
How do they co m pare in size ?
3 . What is the length in feet of a 1 2 inch -
c u be ? The
area of one of its faces in s q u are feet ? O f all its faces ?
I ts vol u m e in c u bic feet ?
4 . Make and fill ou t a t able like the fol lo w ing

C ontin u e w i th 4 8 inch 6 0 inch inch -

,
-

, 72 inch , 8 4
- -

, 96 -
inc h ,

1 08 inch 1 20 inc h 1 3 2 inch 1 44 inch c u bes

-

,
-

,
-

,
-
.

Find the vol u m es of these rectangu lar pris m s

L NGTH WI D T H
E H IG HT L NG T H W I DT H E E H E I G HT
5 6 ft
. 5f t 7 ft
. 6 1 5in 1 2 in
. . . . . S in .

7 . 2 ft . 1 5 in . 9 in . 8 . 4 ft . 1 yd . 1 2} ft .

9 . 1 5yd .
-

ft . 1 8 in . 1 0 . 2 yd . 2% ft . 1 8 in .

1 1 . 27 in . 1 % ft . 1 5i n . 1 2 . Ii yd . ft . 21 f t .

1 3 . ft . ft . ft . 1 4 . ft . ft . 2 ft .

1 5 . What is the ol u m e of a toy b u ilding block 2 i nv .

by 2 in by 2 i n ? W ha t is the capacity of a b o x th a t
. .

w ill e x actly hold 1 2 of the m ? H o w m any can be place d

in a bo x 6 in by 6 in by 6 i n ? . . .

1 6 .Which is l arger a 4 foot c u be or 4 c u bic feet ? ,

-

H o w m u ch ?
21 0 A DVANC E D ARI TH MT IC E

29 A t 75 cents a c u bic yard w hat is the cost of dig

.
,

ging a cellar 24 ft by 1 6 ft by 7 ft . . .

30 H o w m any loads of earth m u st be carted to fill a

.

ditch 4 8 ft long 4 ft deep and of an average w idth o f

.
,
.
,

M
9 ft .

WOOD E AS U RE

1 A pile of w ood 1 ft by 4 ft by 4 ft is a cord foot

. . . . .

H o w m any c u bic feet in a cord foot

2 A pile of w obd s a by 4 a by 4 ft is a cord H o w
. . . . .

m any c u bic feet in a cord H o w m any cord feet in a cor d

3 Write the table of w ood m eas u re
. .

W ood bark etc are generally sold by the cord

, , .
, .

4 H o w m a ny cords of w ood in a pile 20 ft long 4 ft

. .
, .

w ide and 6 ft high ?

,
.

5 A pile of w ood contains 1 728 c u bic feet H o w

. .

m any cords
6 A far m er has a w agon 1 2 ft lo ng and 4 ft w id e
. . . .

H o w high m u st he pile the w ood in loading a cord ?

7 At 8. a cord w hat is the val u e of a pile of 4 foo t
,
-

w ood 1 8 ft long and 8 ft h igh ?

, . .

Find the n u m ber of cords of 4 -

fo ot w ood in the follo w
ing lots
L NG TH EH I GHT E LE N TH G HE I G H T
8 1 5 ft
. 6 ft . . 9 . 1 8 ft . 4 ft .

1 0 22 f t
. 5 ft . . 1 1 . 1 6 ft . 3 1 ft .

1 2 24 ft. 6 5ft . . 1 3 . 20 ft . 4 1 ft .

1 4 1 2 ft 6 in
. 8 ft . . . 1 5 . 1 6 ft . 6 1} ft .

1 6 . A railroad car 30 ft long and 8 ft w ide is loa d ed

. .

6 ft . h igh w i th w ood . What is t he va lu e of the w ood a t

p e r cord ?
 M
A SONR Y 21 1

MAS ONRY

M aso n r y bri c k l ay i ng a re u su a lly m e a su re d b y th e c u bi c f oo t

a nd .

In e st i m a t i ng th e n u m be r o f c u b i c f ee t i n t h e w alls o f b u i ld ings,

the o u t si de di me n si o ns a re ta ke n This c o u nt s th e co r ne rs t wic e

.
,

bu t t he e x t ra l a b o r re qu i re d to bu i ld th e c o rne rs o ff set s t h e i r d ou b l e

c o u nt i n g .

In e sti m a t i ng th e m ate ri a l re
qu i re d th e co rners a re c o u nte d o nc e
" "
.
,

Co m m o n b ri c ks ar e 8 x4 x a nd , a ll o w in g f o r sp ac e o cc u i e d
p
by m o rta r, 22 o f t hem wi ll lay a c u b i c fo o t .

1 The o u tside di m ensions of a fo u ndation wall are

.

40 ft by 28 ft . The cellar is 9 ft deep a nd the w alls a re

. .

2 ft thick
. Find the n u m ber of c u bic feet of m asonry ;
.

t he n u m ber of c u bic feet of m aterial re q u ired .

H I NT Re c k o ni ng t he o u tsi de d im e nsi o ns th e c e ll a r w a lls a re

.
,
’ ’
e qu i a le n t t o a si n l e w a ll 40 28 4 i l e ngth
'
v
g 0 o n r .

R ec k o n in g e xa c tly t h c e ll a w all s a e e qu i va le nt to a s i ngle w all

,
e r r

40 ’ ’ ’ i n l e ngt h
24 40 o r .

2 . H o w m any
c u bic fe e t of m asonry in a w all 6 0 ft .

long 5 ft high and 1 1 f t thick ? H o w m any bricks a re

, .
, .

re qu ired to b u ild this w all ?

21 2 A D VANC E D A RIT H E T I C M
3 . H o w m any
c u bi c fe et o f s tone w ill be re q u i re d to
bu il d a fo u n dation for a storeho u se 1 00 x’ if t he w alls
' '
are 4 thick and 1 0 high
4 At. per c u bic foot w hat w il l be the e x pe n se of ,

b u ildi ng a brick w all 2% ft high and ft thick o n th e . .

t w o street sides of a corner lot 1 20 ft b y 8 0 f t . .

5 At .
p e r c u bic yard w hat w ill it cost to bu ild ,

th e fo u ndation of a ho u se 3 6 ft by 24 ft o u tside m eas u re . .

,

m ents if the ce llar is to be 9 ft high and the w all 1 % ft

, . .

thick
6 . When bricks are
M w hat w ill be th e cost $ 8 5per ,

of the bricks necessary to b u ild a partition w all 4 8 ft long .

,

27 ft high and 8 in thick ?

.
,
.

7 The north side of a greenho u se i s a brick w all 24 f t

. .

long 1 2 ft hi gh and 8 in thick

, . Fin d the s u rface are a
, . .

o f th e sid e th e nu m be r of cu bic yar d s o f m a s o n ry in th e

w all .

BOARD M
EA S URE
Wo o d u se d in b u i l di ng i s c alle d l u mber, a nd is so ld by th e bo a rd
f ont
(b d .

A b o a rd foo t i s a bo ar d a fo o t squ are o r i ts equ iv a le nt a nd o n e , ,

Inch o r l e ss i n th i c k n ess .

In m e asu ri ng l u m be r th e t h i c k n e ss i s re ga rd e d o nly w h e n i t e x c ee d s
o n e i nch .

A b o a rd 1 6 fe e t l o ng 1 fo o t w i de and 1 i n ch th i c k c o nta i ns 1 6
, ,

bo ard fee t If l e ss th an a n i nch th ic k i t i s sti ll re c k o ne d a s 1 6 bo a rd

.
,

f ee t If 1 } i nche s th i c k i t c o nta i ns 1 } ti m e s 1 6 bo a rd feet o r 24

.
, ,

bo ard fe e t .

T h e p ri c e o f lu m b e r i usu a lly gi ve n fo r a th o u sa nd fee t a n d t h

M
s ,

th o u sa n d fee t i n di c a te d b y t h e le tte r .
21 4 A D VANC E D AR I T H E T I C M
24 x 1 6 x 1 x 2 48 0, th e n u m be r o f b oard fee t
8 45 -
s 1 000 th e c ost o f a bo ar d foo t

48 0 x

11 . What is the cost of 20 planks '

16 x9 ”
x at
$ 6 0 per M ?
12 . A t 8 36 per M , w h at is the val u e of 60 boards
’ ”
10 x10 x ”
fi ?

1 3 . 24
sticks of ti m ber 12ft long and 8 in s qu are
. .

w ere bo u ght at $ 3 2 per M . Wha t w a s the cost ?

14 . W hat is the cos t of 30 j oists , 3 ”
x 16 ft long
. at

8 28 per M ?
1 5 . H o w m any
feet board m eas u re in a chopping block
, ,

2 ft 6 in high and covering a space of 4 s q u are feet on

. .

the gro u nd ? Find its val u e at $524 per M .

1 6 A t $ 3 0 per M h o w m u ch w ill it cost to bu ild on

.
,

’
t h e baseball gro u nds a catcher s fence 1 2 ft long and 6
"
.

”
f t high s u pported by fou r 3 x 4 j oists set 2 ft i n the
.
, .

gro u nd

PROBLE MA
S BOU T T HE PANA A CANAL M
The P ana m a C anal Z one is a strip of land 1 0 m ile s
1 .

w ide across the I sth m u s of P ana m a 4 7% m iles What is , .

the area of the zo ne ? ( K eep ans w ers ) .

2 . It w as ceded to the U nited States in Febr u ary ,

1 9 04 . How long ago ? ( Give answ er in years a n d

m onths .
)
3 .total length of the canal is abo u t 50 m iles 1 5
T he ,

of w hich are at sea level What part of the canal is ab o v e

.

se a level ?
 P ROBLE MAS BOUT T H E M
PANA A C ANAL 21 5

Level of Gatun Lak e

PR O F ILE or M
PA NA A CANAL

4 . V ess els entering on the A tlantic si de

be raise d w ill
to the level of Gat u n lake by three locks each having a ,

l ift of 28 feet 4 inches H o w m any feet ab ov e sea level

.
”

is Gatu n lake
5 . Gat u n
lake i s ab ou t 32 m iles long This is w h at .

part of the w hole canal ? Of the canal ab ove sea level ?

A fter crossing Gatu n lake v essels w ill be lo w ere d
M
6 .
,

M
b y th e Pedro 5
igu el lock 1 7 o f the height above sea l e ve l
-

M
to i raflo re s lake H o w m any feet a b ove sea level is
.

i ra flo re s l ake ?

7 The distance across

. i ra flo re s lake to M M i raflo re s
l ocks is abou t 1 % m iles H o w m any feet ?
M
.

8 . At i ra flores v essels w ill be lo w ered to sea level

by tw o locks e qu al in height H o w m any feet by eac h .

l oc k ?

9 E ach of the six l ocks is 1 000 feet long and 1 1 0 feet

.

w ide insi de di m ensions

,
T he length is h o w m any ti m es
.

th e w idth ? E ach loc k is w hat part of a m ile in length ?

What are the dim ensions of each lock in ro ds ? The are a
in acres
21 6 A D VANC E D AR I TH MT I
E C

1 0 The crest of the grea t dam at Gat u n is 1 0 yards

.

above the height of Gatu n lake H o w m any feet above

.

se a level ?

11 The da m at Gat u n is 9040 feet long and 1 00 feet

.

wide at i t s crest What is the ratio of the length to the

.

w idth ? The length in m iles ? T he w idt h in rods ? The

a rea in acres

1 2 The ocean steam ship

. M
a u r eta ni a is 790 feet in
l ength and 8 8 feet in w idth H o w m an y feet less th an
.

the length and the w idth of one of the locks ?

The distance fro m Ne w Y ork to Sa n Francisco by
M
1 3 .

wa y of Strai ts of agellan is m iles by w ay of the

c anal the distance w ill be 529 9 m iles H o w m any m il es
.

w ill be saved by the P ana m a ro u te ?

1 4 The co m m ercial ro u te fro m L iverpool to Sa n F ran
.

c isco is m iles by the canal it w ill be 8 038 m iles .

H o w m any m iles sh orter by the can a l ?

1 5 I n going from Ne w Orleans to A delaide A u strali a

.
, ,

a vessel s ails m iles ; 3209 m iles w ill be saved by

the canal H o w far from Ne w Orleans to A delaide by
.

w ay of the canal ?

1 6 C alling the distance fro m L iverpool t o Sa n F ran

.

cisco by w ay of Straits of Magellan m iles and by ,

w a y of the canal 8 000 m iles and t he a verage sp e ed of a

,

stea m ship 20 m iles an ho u r find

,

( )
a The n u m ber of d ays re q u ired t o m ake the trip by
w a y of Straits of Magellan .

b
( ) The n u m ber of day s re q u ired to m ake th e trip by
way of the canal .
21 8 M
A D VANC E D AR I T H E T I C

1 0 . When a b u shel of oats (32 po u n ds) costs 50 cents ,

h o w m u ch w ill a ton cost ?

A n ice dealer pays 6 ce nts per h u ndred w eight fo r
1 1 .

his ice A t w hat rate per h u ndred w eight m u st he retail

.

it to m ake per ton if the e xpense of handling is

per ton ?
1 2 . Fin d the cost of 3 8 00 po u nds of coal at per
ton .

Find the cost of 28 00 pou nds of fertilizer at $ 3 6

1 3 .

per ton and 1 600 pou nds at

, per ton .

1 4A deale r in far m s u pplies bou ght 75 long t ons of

.

fertilizer a n d sold it by the ordinary ton H o w m an y .

tons did he sell ?

A ship m ent of w heat w eighed
1 5 . po u nds . H ow
m any ordinary tons ? H o w m any long to n s ?

1 6Mr E vans sol d the foll o w ing qu antities of Shorts

. .

o f a ton 25 h u ndred w eight 1 5 tons 1 500 po u nds 1 200

5 , } , , ,

po u n ds H o w m any tons ?
.

1 7 . of a consign m ent of 2 tons of potatoes 32 h u n

Ou t ,

d r e dw e ig ht w ere sold What part of a ton w as left ?

.

1 8Find the cost of 278 0 po u nds of oat straw at

. 85
c ents per h u ndred w eight .

1 9 . Mr . Wheeler paid $ 35 for 2% tons of shorts .

W hat w as the price per h u ndred w eigh t ?

20 . R ye m eal is cents per po u nd . Find the co s t
of h u ndred w eight .

21 . paid for o a ts at 45 cents a b u shel

wa s .

Find the w eight recko n ing 3 2 po u nds to a b u shel

, .
 LI Q UI D MEA SUR E 21 9

22 Mr Norcross sold 79 2 pou nds of barley 48 po u nds

. .
,

to the b u shel at 9 0 cents a b u shel

, F ind h ow m u ch he .

received for it .

23 The e qu ip m ent of a 25 acre hay far m in Sou th

.
-

C arolina as given in a report by the D epartm ent of A gri

,

c u lt u re w a s : 1 Georgia plo w stock w ith attach m ents $ 5 ;

, ,

1 s m oothi ng ba rro w 8 1 0 ; 1 w eeder 8 7 ; 1 cu rved tooth

, ,
-

a nd slici n g harro w $ 1 0 ; 1 m o w er $ 35 ; 1 ha yr a ke 8 1 5;
, , ,

1 w agon 8 30 ; 1 hay press $ 90 ; 1 w oo den roller

, , ,

To ta l cost ?
24 . The e xpense s a nd receipts of this farm fo r o ne year

One m an a t 8 35 p er mo nth .

One ho rse , c ost o f keep ing at 8 8 50 p e r m o nth .

Inte rest on 25 ac res of land , valu ed a t 8 1 00 p er a cre, at 8

De p recia tion on 8 209 50 worth o f m a chinery, a t 20
.

Ta xes ,

R E C E I PT S
7 a cres crimso n clo ver ha y , 3500 p oun ds p er c
a re , at p er
hu n dre dw e ight S
18 acres oa t ha y, 3000 p ou nds p e r a cre , at $ 25 p er to n
22 a c res co wp ea ba y, 1 } to ns p e r a c re , at 8 p er h u nd red
we ig t h
hels per a c re a t 75 cents p er bu sh el
.

3 ac res co rn 66 4 bus , ,

3 a cre
s c o rn sto v er 4000 p o un ds p er a cre a t $ 1 5 p e r ton
, ,

To ta l inco m e 3

F ind (1 ) th e to ta l expens e ; (2) th e to tal inco m e ;

3
() th e ne t i nco m e .

LIQ UID M E ASUR E

1. R e pe at th e ta ble o f l i qu i d m e a s u re .

2 . H o w m a ny pints i n 1 gallon ? 1 g all on 1 qu art

1 g allon 1 q u art 1 pint ?
220 A D VANC E D A R I T H M IC ET

3 . H o w m any qu arts in 64 gallons ? H ow m any

pints ?
4 . H o w m any gallons and q u art s of vinegar in a 5
g allon j u g o ne half fu ll ?
5 . H o w m any half pint bottles can be filled fro m 2%
-

q u a rts of crea m ?
6 Fo u r h lf pint bottles of cream cost 1 dollar The
. a -
.

m ilk m an allo w s 1 0 cents for each bottle ret u rne d What .

is paid a q u art for crea m ?

7 Mrs Mason bo u ght a gallon of m aple sir u p Sh e

. . .

sold 2 q u arts 1 p i nt to a neighbo r What part of the .

gallon did She sell ?

8 I f Mrs Mason sold the sir u p at cost
. .
,
per
gallon h o w m u c h did she receive for w hat she sold ?
,

CO NV E NI E NT E Q U I V A LE NT S

9 . W hat is the capacity in gallons of a tank 24 inches

long , 11 inches w ide , and 14 inches deep ?
24 x 1 1 x 1 4
24 x 1 1 x 1 4 re p r e se n t s w h at ?
23 1
24 x 1 1 x 1 4
re
p re se n ts w h at ?
23 1

Find the capacity in gallons of t a nks of these di

me n si o n s :
LE N G T H WI D T II D E P TH
1 0 . 22" 14 ”
6 "
1 2 . 30" 28 " 27’
222 A D VANC E D AR I T H E T I C M
3 . E xpress as pecks : 4 bu . 24 b u . 40 qt . 37 qt .

4 . E xpress as b u shels : 48 pk . 27 pk . 64 qt . 70 qt .

5 . E xpress as qu arts : 24 pk . 27 pk . 2 bu . 1 bu .
,

1 pk .

A q u art of barley w eighs 1 3 pou n ds

6 . . What is the
w eight of a p eek A b u shel ?
A bu shel of w heat w eighs 6 0 po u nds A pec k
‘

7 . .

w eighs po u nds A q u art w e i ghs pou nd . .

CONV E NIE NT E Q U I V A LE NT S

Sm all fr u i ts, be a n s , o a t s, Wh e at s he lle d c o rn e tc are m e a su re d by

, , .
,

t he s t ri c ke n bu she l th a t i s
, , a b u sh e l m easu re e ve n f u ll 1
} c u bic feet ,

( n e ar ly) .

La r
ger f r u i ts, po tato e s, a p p l es, c o rn i n th e e a r, e tc . , are m easure d
by t h e he aped b u s he l, 1 } c u bi c fee t (nearly)
1 .

WR ITTEN PROBLE M S

1 . W hat is the capacity in b u shels of a bin 16 fee t

long, 7 feet w ide , and 5 feet deep ?
(1 6 x 7 x 5) 1} 1 6 x 7 x 5 r ep re se nt s w h a t ?

1 6 x 7 x 5x L
; 44 8 (1 6 x 7 x 5) 1 } re pre se nts w h at ?

Find the capacity in b u shels of bins of these di m ensions

Lm em Ww w D an e Le m ma Ww w m m

2 . 7’ 5’ 3 '
3 . 10 '
8 ’ 5’

4 . 15’ 5’ 4 '
5 . 20 '
6 '
8 '

6 . 5 ' ’
4 8 " '
2 8 " 7 . 4 '
34 '
3 ’

8 .
’
6 8 " ’
3 9 ”
5 '
9 . 16 ’
 SC H O O L KI T C H EN P R OBLE M S 223

1 0 . A box 2g feet by 2% feet by 24 fee t is f u ll of m eal .

Ho w m any bu s hels ?
’
1 1 . A far m er s corn crib is 8 feet by 2} feet by 6 feet .

HO W m any b u shels w ill it hold ?

1 2 . A t 32 pou nds to a b u shel w hat is the

, w eight of
oats in a bo x 5 feet by 2 feet by 3 feet
1 3 A corn crib 1 2 feet by 4 feet by 5 feet is filled
.
, ,

w ith corn in t h e e a r I t takes 2 b u shels of corn in the

.

e a r to m ake 1 bu shel of Shelled corn The corn in the .

c rib w ill m ake h o w m a n y b u shels of s h elled cor n ?

1 4 R eckoning 56 pou n ds to a b u shel

.
, w hat is the
w eight of the corn in a b o x 24 feet long , 2 feet w ide ,

a n d 1 ; feet deep ?
2
1 5 A t 9 8 cents a b u shel w hat o u ght Mr Akers to
.
, .

r eceive for the w heat that j u st fi lls a bin 8 feet by 4 feet

b y 25fee t ?
1 6 .Mr E d w ards has i n his cellar a bin
. 15 feet by 1 0
feet by 6 feet filled w ith apples H o w
, . m any b u shels
( 1 4 c u bic feet to a b u shel )

S CHOO L KIT CHEN P ROBLE M S

1 .F in d the total cost of the follo w ing cooking ou tfit

fo r a co u ntry sc h ool : 1 bl u e fla m e 3 b u rner ke rosene
-

,
-

stove , 2 dish pans 25? 2 s al t a nd 2 pepper

castors 1 0/ 1 0 rolling pins 1 0 te a c u ps and
1 0 sa u cers 5ti 1 0 plates 8 3 agate sa u cepans
35 ¢ 1 0 w ooden spoons 1 0if 1 d o zen knives ,

1 dozen forks 1 dozen spoons

, 10
v egetable knives 1 5? 5 strainers 1 0 2 1 0 h e a te rs
'
1 5P 1 0 m eas u ring c u ps 1 0 ti n plates
224 A D VANC E D AR IT H E T I C M
13 bo wls 57 1 0 c u stard c u ps 8/ bread tins
6
1 07 1 bisc u it tin 1 0 / 1 potato m asher 1 0 / 1 flo u r
Sifter 1 57

M E NU or D I NNE R SE R V E D T o SI x P E R SO NS BY TH E GIR LS IN T H E

SC H OO L IN PR O B LE MI

s o up

TO M ATO BIS OUE C R OU IO NS ‘ ’

R E LIS R ES

C ELERY PICIcLEs

RO AST

S IR LO IN or BEE F

V EG ET ABLES

R ICED POTATO ES Pc LED BEETS

S ALAD

WALD O R F WAFERS
D ESS E RT

C US TAR D , WITH CARA M

EL SAUC E
GRAPES

2. U sing the tables bel o w find the cost of each co u rse ,

of the entire dinner for e a ch person .

CO S T OF M A T E R IA L

My dre ssi ng
Mlk
Apple s 1 5¢ pe r doz
, . a o nn a i se , 30}
Be e f 25¢ pe l b
, r . i , 7 31 pe r qt .

Bee ts , 6 $3 pe r lb . Pick l e s 1 0 it pe r qt
,
.

Bre a d , 5$1 pe r lo af Po tato es 24 pe r pk

, .

Bu tte r, 32g pe r l b . Su gar 6 2p er l b

,
.

Ce le ry , 1 5 gt p e r b u n ch T o m atoes 1 6 37 pe r c an
,

E ggs, 3 51! p e r do z . Wafe rs , p e r b o x

Grap es, 2 l b for 254 . F l o u r a nd se a so ni ngs fo r Bi squ e ,

Le ttu ce , 7 r pe r head 3
226 AD VANC E D AR ITH MTE IC

2 A clock th at ticks secon ds

. w ill tic k h o w m any
tim e s in an hou r ? In a day ?
3 . A clock striking hou rs w ill t ike
s r ho w m any ti m e s
in a day ?
4 The speedom et er of a n a u tom ob ile shows a rate of
.

24 m iles per h ou r What is the rate per minu te ?

.

5 An a u tom ob ile runs a m ile in 2; m in u tes What

. .

rate per h o u r doe s th e spee dom eter Sh ow ?

6 Tw o clocks Sho w the sam e tim e at noon to day
. .
-
.

One ru ns perfec tly a n d the other gain s 1, o f a min u te

,
1

e very h o u r What tim e will the latter Sh ow at noon

.

to m orrow ?
-

’
7 Ashton s w atch gains 1 0 seconds a n hou r If it is
. .

’
e xactly right at 9 o clock in the morning on T u esday w ha t ,

’
t im e on Th u rsday afternoon will it Show when it is 3 o clock
by correct tim e ?
’
8 L ou i se left ho m e a t
. o clock a nd arrived at
’
her u ncle s at 5 : 28 How m any ho u rs and m inu tes w a s
.

she on the w ay ?
9 It took Harry 3 h o u rs 42 min u tes to retu rn fro m
.

’
the su mm er ca m p He left ca m p at 1 0 : 53 o clock in the
.

forenoon At w hat tim e did he rea c h hom e ?

.

10 At a rat e o f 1 8 m iles an ho u r it takes a tou ring

.
,

c a r 1 ho u r a nd 5 m in u tes to go fro m A to B 1 5 m in u t e s
,

b eing sp en t in replacing a b roken tire How m any m ile s

.

a part are the t w o p la c e s ?

1 1 Years divi sible by 4 are leap years e xcep t c e nte n

.
,

nial year s n o t divi si ble by 400 Tell which of these yea rs

.

a re leap years : 1 9 1 2; 1 9 1 8 ; 1 9 20 ; 1 900 ; 2000 .

 D R I LL EX E R C I SE S 227

DRILL E XERCI SES

C hange to the ne x t higher deno m ination
1 . 4 00 m i n . 2 . 27 pt
.

3 . 1 20 oz . 4 . 6 02 in .

5 . 34 56 s q in . . 6 . 228 sec .

7 . lb . 8 . q t (dry) .

9 . 1 452 doz . 1 0 . 1 08 9 c u ft . .

1 1 . 6 40 c u ft ( w ood ) . . 1 2 . 76 9 cd ft. .

1 3 . 1 6 8 0 rd . 1 4 . 3 02 q t .

1 5 . 200 hr . 1 6 . 24 2 s q ft
. .

1 7 . 3 78 ft . 1 8 . 5000 c u in . .

1 9 . 20 . 6 9 2 yd .

21 . 302 q t ( li q u id )
. 22 . 1 50 da .

23 . 1 01 0 qu ire s 24 . 76 8 0 doz .

C hange to the next lo wer deno m ination

1 .
i mi . 2 .
g b u .

4 .
},
a
w k . 5 .
4 rea m
7 .
18
4
da . 8 .
4 c u yd . .

1 0 . 1 1 .

1 3 .
1 1
9 yr . 1 4 .
8 s q ft. .

1 6 I rd 1 7 5 hr.
TT 1 6
. . . .

Find the val u e of

1 . . 27 m i . 2 . . 6 25 bu .

4 . . 03 w k . 5 . . 09 ream
7 . . 9 05 da . 8 . . 4 c u yd . .

10 . 1 1 . . 4 8 gal .

1 3 . . 09 5 yr . 1 4 . . 22 s q ft . .

1 6 . . 01 5 rd . 1 7 . . 35 hr .
228 A D VANC E D ARI TH MT IC E

C hange
1 . 3 da . 1 2 hr . to min . 24 rd . 3 yd to .
yd .

3 . 4} T . 1 5 lb . to lb . 3 cd . 56 cu . ft to
. cu . ft .

5 . 24 rd . 1 2 ft . to ft . 72 b u . 3 q t to q t . .

7 . 7 pk . 3 q t to q t
. . 11 .
gal . 2 qt . to qt .

9 . 1 5 A 72 s q
. rd to s q rd. . . 10 ream s 7 qr . to qr .

1 1 . 3 mi . 1 00 rd to ft . . 5 yd 2 ft . . to ft .

1 3 . 3 bu . 3 pk . 3 q t to q t
. . 3 A . 3 sq . rd to s q rd
. . .

1 5 . 3 sq . r d 30 s q
. . ft to s q ft
. . . 4 m i 6 ft . . to in .

1 7. 1 5 ed . to cu. ft . 1 - 1
1 5
da to hr . .

1 9 . 8 ggal . to q t . 1 5t
2
4
] b u
,
. to q t .

CI C R LE S
A ci r c le is a s u rface bo u nded by a c u rved line every
oint of w hich is e q u ally distant fro m a point w ithin calle d
p
the cen ter The bo u nd .

ary line is the cir cu m

f er en c e .

A di a m eter of a circl e
is a straigh t line r u nnin g
throu gh the center a n d
ter m inati ng at the cir
c u m fe re n c e on e ithe r
Side B B is a d iam ete r
.

of the circle above .

A ra di u s is a straigh t
line ru nning fro m the center to th e circ u m ference 0A .
,

CB 0B are radii of the circle above

, , .
230 AD VANC E D ARI TH MT ICE

F IND ING T HE M
DIA E TER AND T HE RAD IUS
F ind the appro x i m ate dia m e ter and radi us of
1 . A bicycl e w heel w hose circu m ference is 88 inches .

2 . A stove lid 22 inches in circ u m ference .

3 . A circ u lar pond w hose shore line is 24 2 ro ds .

4 . A w ater m a in 3g fee t in circ um ference .

5 . A carriage w heel covering a distance of 1 98 in c h es

in one revol u tion .

6A m agnifying glass the distance arou nd w hose ri m

.

is 2} inches .

7 Tell h o w to find the ap prox i m ate diam eter of a circl e

.

w hen the circ u m ference is given ; h o w to find the radi u s

w hen the circ u m ference is given .

PROBLE M S

In solving the follo w ing proble m s call the circ u m feren c e

ti m es the diam eter .

1 . What is the circu m ference of a circle draw n w ith a

20 inch ?
-
radi us
2 The Shore line of a circ u lar pon d is 78 54 feet
. . Ho w
far is it across the pon d in a straight line ?
The distance aro u n d an old oak tree is
3 . inche s .

What is the distance thro u gh the tree ?

4 . A circ u lar flo w er be d has a radi u s of 8 feet . Wh a t
is i ts circ u m ference
5The distance aro u nd a circ u lar grass plot is
.

f eet What is i ts diame ter ?

.
 CIRC U MR FE E NC E AND DIA MTE ER 23 1

A circ u lar race track is 26 40 fee t l ong . What

le ngth of radi u s was u se d to lay o u t the t r a c k ?

7 A base b all is
. inches in dia m ete r . What is i ts
c irc u m ference

8 . W hat is the circ u m ference of th e

largest circle
yo u ca n dra w on a piece of paper 7 inche s by 1 0 inches ?
I n solving the follo wing proble m s call the circ u m ferenc e
3} ti m es the dia m eter .

9 A bicycle w heel is 28 inches i n diam eter H o w

. .

m any inches d oes it go in one revol u tion ? H o w m any

feet in 1 000 revolu tions ? H o w m any m iles ?
1 0 . H o w m any revol u tions w ill be m ade by a bicycl e
w heel 28 inches in diam eter in going 1 m ile ?

1 1 A w agon w heel h as a radi u s of 21 inches

. . How long
a piece of iron m u st b e u sed for the tire
1 2 . W hat m u st
be the diam eter of a chi m ney hole to
r eceive a stovepipe 21 inches in circ u m ference ?

1 3 A m a n on the shore of a circ u lar pon d w ishes to g o

.

t o a point on the opposite side The d istance by boa t is

.

8 5 ro ds B eing afraid to go by boat he w alks along th e

.
,

s h ore H o w far does h e w alk

. What part of a m ile i s
i t by boat ? B y w alking

C alling the ratio of the circ u m fe re nce t o th e d ia m ete r

find the m issing di m ension s
Bu m s D u nnrm
-

14 . 4 feet
1 5 .

16 .
232 AD V AN C E D A RI TH MT IC E

AREA OF CI R CLE

D ra w a large circle a nd d i vide it into a large nu m

ber of e q u al sectors C u t .

into se m icircles C u t eac h

.

se m icircle along the line

d ivi ding it into sector s .

A rrange the parts of o ne

se m icircle as i n the lo w e r
part of figu re 2 A rrang e .

the parts of the other se m i

circle as in the u pper p a rt
of figu re 2 The figu re
.

produ ce d is practically a
q nn 1
'

parallelogram w h o se bas e
is 5 of the circ u m ference o f the circle and w hose altit u d e
is th e radi u s of the circle .

F IG UR E 2

77m a re a o f a cir c le i s equa l to one ha lf the p r odu ct

c i r cu m er e nc e
f a n d i ts r a di u s
.

C alling the circ u mference 3} ti mes the diam eter,

t h e area of

1 . A plate 7 inches in dia m eter .

2 . A circ u lar table 28 inches across .

234 A D VANC E D A RITH MT I E C

4 . What is the area covere d by the base of a circ u lar

kettle 1 5 i nches i n dia m eter ? ( U se
5 . At 1 % cents a foot , h o w m u ch w ill
it cost to fence a
circ u lar b ed of t u lips if the distance across the be d is 56
'

inches ? (U se
6 . A far m er has a w ell 3% feet in diam eter . What is
t he area of the opening ? ( U se
7 Find the approxi m ate area of the base of a circ u lar
.

chi m ney 3 5 feet in diam eter ; the e xact area .

CY L INDER : S URFACE , VOLU M E

Of shape are the ends or bases of t hi s s oli d ?

w hat
H o w do they com pare in size ? I f the bases are e q u al an d
parallel w hat is tr u e of their diam eters ?
,

W hat is tr u e of the dia m eter of the w hol e

solid ?
A solid of u niform diam eter w h ose b ases are
e q u al and parallel circles is a cylin der .

The a lti tu de of a cylinder is the p e rp e nd i c

u l a r distance bet w een its bases .

The lateral or cu rve d s u rface of a cylinder is the c on vex

s u rface .

E xactly fit a piece of paper aro u nd a cylinder What .

for m has it w he n u nrolled ?

How
does the length of the rectangle
co m pare w it h the circ u m ference of
t h e b ase H o w d oes the w idth
of the rectangle co m pare w ith the
altit u de of the cylinder ? H o w
can the convex su rface of a cylinder be fo u nd ?
 C YLIND E R : S U RF A C E , V OLUM E 235

The c on vex su r a c e o f f a cylin der i s e qu a l to the p r odu ct f

o

i ts ci r cu mf er en c e a nd i ts a lti tu de .

The entire su rface of a cylinder is e q u a l to the su m of

t h e conve x s u rface and the areas of the bases .

1 . What is the conve x s u rface of a cylinder w hose cir

c u m fe re nc e is 14 in and . w hose altit u de is 3 ft ? .

F ind the conve x s u rfa ce of these cylinders :

Du m na H nrc ur '
Du n nr im
-
11 m m

2 . 1 0 in . 1 5 in . 3 . 1 5 in . 18 in .

4 . 25 in . 35 in . 5. 1 2 in . 45 in .

6 . 4 ft . 1 2 ft . 7 . 6 ft . 16 ft .

8 . Find the entire s u rface of th e above cylinders .

9 . What is the convex s u rface of a stovepipe 7 in . in

d iam eter and 3 ft long
.
?

A tin dish is 5 in in diam eter and

1 0 . . 10 in high
. .

W hat is its entire o u tside s u rfa ce ?

1 1 . What is the entire o u tside su rface of a log 25 i n i n .

d iam eter and 14 ft long .

’
1 2 A t 1 2F a squ are yard h o w m u ch w ill it cost to paint
.
,

the conve x s u rface of a silo 1 5 ft in dia m eter .

and 24 ft high ? .

I f the base of this cylinde r covers 2 s q i n . .

,

h o w m any c u bic inches are represented by a

l ayer 1 in high ? H o w m any c u bic inches i n
.

t he w hole cylinder ?
Tell h o w to find the vol u m e of a cylin der .

The v olu m e o f y li n d
a cer i s f ou n d by m u l ti l i
p y gn the a r ea

f
o i ts ba se by i ts a lti tu de .
236 A DVANC E D A RI TH MT IC
E

F ind th e vol u m es of these cylinders

D u nn m s-
. H mc nr D ru m“ Hare m

1 . 21 in . 49 in . 2 . 2 ft 4 in . . 4 ft .

3 . sq ft . 7 ft . 4 . ft . ft .

5 . 8 ft . 1 5 ft . 6 . 6 ft . 14 ft .

Mr Merriam has a silo

7 . . ft in diam eter . a nd

25 ft high What is its capacity in c u bic feet ?

. .

8 . H o w m any
gallons of w ater w ill be re qu ired to fill
a k e ttle w hose diam eter is 14 in and w hose height is
.

1 2 in ? .

9 A w ater tank by the si de of a railroad track is

.

1 2 ft in diam eter and 1 5 ft high

. Find its capacity in . .

g allons .

1 0 A copper hot w ater boiler is 1 5 in in dia m eter and

. .

4 ft high . H o w m any s q u are feet of copper w ere r e

.

q u ired to m ake it ? W hat is the c a pacity of the boiler in

g allon s

1 1A n iron ash can w hose base covers

. 34 s q ft . . is
2 ft 4 in deep
. Find its c apacity
. . .

PERCENTAGE

The e x pression per cent m eans by h u n dredths .

Th u s 3 per cent of a d ollar m eans 3 h u ndredths or

, ,

03 of a doll a r
, .

The sign m eans the sam e as the e x pression per cent .

Th u s 7 of a dollar and 7 per cent of a dollar m ean th e

,

s am e thing 7 h u ndred t hs or 07 of a dollar , .

, .

1 I nto h o w m any h u ndredths can a dollar be separate d ?

.

A t o n of coal ? A yard of cloth ? A nything

238 A D VANC E D A RI TH MT IC E

3 . E xp res s deci m ally

1 20 1 37g 1 6 6§ 1 00 1 0570 1 06 }
1 50 fig g .

4 . E x press as co m m on fractions
1 25 1 40 1 6 24 l 1 6g 1 08 31T 1 05

5 . E xpress as per cents

}
a t i t b t it ii it it it

6 . E xpress deci m ally

i f
t l
°f
3
“
70 3 “

f t i “
:

7 . E x press as com m on fractions

i% “ 1
1 6 70

TER MU S S ED IN PERCENTAGE
There are three term s u sed in every proble m in per
c e ntage :

1
( ) The W hole or the B ase , .

( )
2 The P art or the P ercentage
, .

3
( ) The V al u e of the P art or the R ate P er C ent , .

The w hole or the base is the n u m ber or qu antity of

, ,

w hich a certain n u m ber of h u ndredths is taken .

The part or the percentage is the part of the w hole

, ,

taken .

The val u e of the part or the rate per cent is the n u m , ,

be r of h u ndredth s of the w hole taken .

There are three classes of proble m s in perce n tage

.I The w hole and the val u e of the part given to fin d
the part .
 F INDING T H E PAR T , OR T H E PE RC E NT AGE 239

W hat is 25 % of $ 8 0 ?
( )
1 25% . 25 2
( ) $ 80
i of sso = s2a 25

II The w hole and the part iven to find the val ue of

.
g
h e part .

3 20 is w hat per cent of $ 8 0 ?

. 25 25%
( )
1 38 i fi l
o
.25 2
( ) 80 m
III The part and the val u e of the part given to
. fi nd
th e w hole .

$ 20 is 25 of w hat am ou n t ?
$ 80
1
( ) $ 20 i s 25, . or 1 25 or
06 , i of w h at ? ( )
2 2 57820 25W 2000
8 20 i s i ; g, or the w h o le , is 3 80 .

F INDING T HE PAR T , on T HE PER CE NTAGE Oral

F i nd
50 of 84 b u shels of corn ; 25

? 75 of 80 acres of lan d ; 20
" 40
S of 6 0 qu arts of m ilk ; 6 0

P 80 of 1 20 bu shels of w heat ; 1 0

30 of 30 dollars ; 70
'

P 90 of 1 60 dozen eggs ; 1 2g~

N of 56 tu bs of bu tter ;
P 8 7g of 48 cases of lard ;
P of 72 po u nds of beef ;
;
E of 72 baskets of grapes ;
F 6} of 80 po u nds of co ff ee 5
240 A D VANC E D ARI TH MT IC
E

1 2 . 4% of 200 ho u rs ; 24 70 .

1 3 .
47 of0 6 00 dollars ;

Find then
8 34 70 of :

14 . $12 $ 48 $ 84 $ 24 $ 1 08 $ 1 32 24 0

1 5 . 36 60 96 72 1 20 $ 1 44 300

1 6 . What is 1 4 tim es $ 40 ? What is 1 50 of $ 40

Find
1 7 . 1 25 of $ 24 ; of $ 36 . 18 . 1 20 % of $ 30 ; of $ 8 0 .

19 . 1 33 } of $ 27 ; of $ 45 . 20 . of $ 6 0 ; of $ 72 .

21 . 1 1 0% of $ 50 ; of $ 90 22 . 1 1 2i of $ 8 0 ; of $ 56 .

23 . of $ 4 8 ; of $ 6 0 . 24 . 1 0570 of $ 6 0 ; of $ 8 0 .

25 . W hat is 1 70 of 400 ? What is g% of 4 00 ?

w , of $ 6 00 ; of $ 1 200 .

” ofa$ 8 00 ; of $ 3 200 .

w e of $ 1 000 ; of $ 4000 .

of $ 1 200 ; of $ 7200 .

of $ 28 00 ; of $ 56 00 .

of $ 2400 ; of $ 56 00 .

a
, of $ 36 00 ; of $ 6300 .

9, 7, of $ 4 000 ; of $ 9000 .
24 2 ADVANC E D A RI TH MT IC
E

7 . H o w m any days in of the m onth of Nove m ber ?

In In In In
8 . Stephen
paid 9 6 cents for a geography and 6 2% as

m u ch for a gram m a r H o w m u ch for his gra m m ar ? For

.

b oth ?

9 . Of $ 400 paid for repairs the carpenter received

,

30 the roofer 25 the pl u m ber 20 the painter 1 5

an d the tinsm ith 1 0 H o w m u ch w a s paid to each

1 0 . Find

WRITTE N PROBLE MS

1 . A farm er raised 325 chickens and sold 68 of the m .

Ho w m any did he sell ?

2 Mr Fletcher hired a neighbor to

. . cut his b ay
for
15 of the crop I f the crop w as 3 7 tons
.
, how m any tons
did the neighbor get ?
3 Mr L eighton sold 75 of his crop of 28 8 b u shels of
. .

potatoes at 6 5 cents a b u shel Ho w m u ch did he receive

.

for the m ?
 WRI TT E N P R OBLE M S 243

4 . A farm er has in his barn 6 50 bu shels of grai n o f ,

which 4 6 is corn 3 8 oats and the re m ainder w heat

, , .

Ho w m any b u shels of each kind of grain ?

5 . O f the 8 0 ani m als on a far m 5 % are horses 1 5 70 , ,

c o w s 35
,
pigs and 45 sheep H o w m any ani m als of
, .

each kind ?
6 . A m erchant having 576 tu bs of b u tter sol d 25% o f
it to one grocer , to another 37% to a third a n d
, ,

to a fo u rth H o w m any t u bs to each grocer ? H o w

.

m any t u bs had he left ?

7 . A farm er raised 72 bu shels of seed corn A ft e r .

selling 3 7
5 to Mr B ean and .3 347 0 to Mr Hol m es h ow .
,

m any b u shels had he left ?

8 . I n a civil service e xa m ination 76 of the 1 75 ap

p li c a n t s pa ssed . H o w m any passed ?

9 . B y spraying his apple trees a farm er increased hi s

crop 28 I f he harvested 250 barrels in the year before
spr aying h o w m any barrels did he get the ne xt year ?
,

1 0 . H o w m any acres are left after 3 6 % of a far m o f

350 acres is sold
1 1 . A m an o w ing $ 1 6 8 paid 6 5 of it in J u ne and the
rest in J u ly H o w m u ch did h e pay in J u ne ? I n J u ly ?
.

1 2 . Fo u r per cent of a piece of cloth m easu ring 75

y ards w a s spoiled in w eaving H o w .m any yards w er e

good
1 3 . Anocean
steam ship sailed 54 2 m iles on T u esday a nd
85 as m any m iles on Wedn esday Ho w m any m iles o n .

both days ?
1 4 . A sold a lot of blank ets for $ 270
m erchant . Of
this 24 70 was p rofit F ind the profit . .
244 AD VANC E D A RI TH MT IC E

1 5 . F rank has a collection of 8 50 foreign postage stam p s .

How m any w ill he have after selli ng 22 of the m ?

16 . On M
ay 1
a m erchant had in stock 1 250 yards of
gingham and 8 25 yards of m u slin H o w m any yards of
, .

e ach had b e after selling 8 6 of each kind ?

1 7 . Mr A da m s bou ght a flock of 225 sheep and sold
.

56 of the m to Mr Martin H o w m any did Mr Marti n

. . .

bu y H o w m any h ad Mr A da m s left ?.

18Mr Watson has a past u re 8 0 rods by 6 4 rods and

. .
,

a garden 6
1 as large H o w m any acres in the pa st u re ?
.

In the garden

1 9A real estate dealer bo u ght a lot of land containing

.

s q u are feet H o w m any s qu are feet had b e after

.

b u ying another lot containing 75 as m u ch ?

20A vessel lost 29
. of its carg o of 9 500 b u shels o f
w heat in a stor m H o w m any b u shels did it bring to
.

port
21 . B y the cens u s of 1 9 00 the popu lation of a city w a s
B y the censu s of 1 9 1 0 it w as 36 m ore W hat .

w as the popu lation in 1 9 1 0 ?

FI ND I NG T HE VALUE OF T HE PART , OR T HE RATE PE R C ENT

Or a l

1 . What part of 1 00 is 1 ? 3? 9? 27 ? 51 ? 83 ?
1 00 ?

2 . H o w m any h u ndredths of 1 00 is 1 ? 3? 5? 7?
50 8 2? 1 00 9

3 . What per cent of 1 00 is 1 ? 2? 5? 25? 6 2?

75? 1 00 ?
24 6 A D VANC E D A RI TH MT IC
E

1 7 . W hat per ce nt of 24 is 1 2? 24 ? 32? 40 ? 30 ?

42? 28 ? 44 ? 27 ? 33 ? 39 ? 45? 48 ?

U se 30 in the center space . U se 9 0 .

RAL PROBLE
O M S

1 . W hat per cent of his m oney

does A rth u r save if h e
ts in the schoo l savin gs bank 1 cent o u t of every 1 0
p u

t hat he earns ? I f he p u ts in 2 cents ? 4 cents ? 5 cent s ?

2 .Maria earns 25 cents each w eek She saves 3 cen t s .

o u t of every 5 that she earns What per cent does sh e .

save ? H o w m u ch does she save ?

3 O u t of 20 sessions of school C aroline w a s absent 1
. .

W hat w as her per cen t of attendance ?

4 . M r. Sa m pson
planted his acre lot as follo w s : 1 2 24 -

acres to corn 8 acres to potatoes an d 4 a cres to cabba g e s

, , .

What pe r cent of the lot w as planted to each ?

5 E m m a and Winifred playe d 1 2 gam es of cro q u e t
. .

E mm a w on 4 and W inifred the rest What per cen t o f

, .

the ga m es did Winifred w in ?

6 . What is the standing in per cen t of a baseball te a m
t hat loses 9 of the 24 gam es played ?
7 Mr
. . M ’
gives 8 qu arts of m il k i n th e
a go o n s c o w
’
m orning and 1 2 qu arts at night The night s m ilking i s .

w hat p e r cent of the w hole qu an tity ?

 wR ITT E N M
P R OB L E S 247

8 A groce r bo u ght a 4 8 gallon barrel of kerosene and

.
-

s old 1 6 gallons at once What per cent of the barrel ha d

.
;

he left ?
9 Of the 27 votes cast by the co m m on co u ncil for
.

s u perintendent of streets 1 8 w ere cast for Mr H u m e

, . .

Wha t per cen t of the m e m bers voted for Mr H u m e ? .

1 0I n the si xth grade there are 30 girls and

. 20 boys .

What per cent of the p u pils are girls ? B oys ?

1 1 . Th e
teacher gave 4 e x a m ples in arith m etic on Mon
day 5 o n T u esday 6 on Wednesday and 1 0 on Th u rsday
, , , .

The n u m ber given each day w as w h at per cent of th e

total n u m ber given ?
1 2 A lice solved all bu t 1 of the 25 e x am ples give n to
.

the class W hat per cent did she solve ? Sherm an solved
.

20. W hat per ce n t did he fail ? C lara solved 22 What .

per cent ?
1 3 . In m aki ng
a piece of m achinery one m an w orke d ,

4 ho u rs another 6 hou rs a third 8 ho u rs a fo u rt h 1 2

, , ,

ho u rs a n d a fifth 1 8 ho u rs What per cent of the w ork

, .

w as perfor m ed by each ?

WRITTEN PR OBLE M
S

1 A farm er sold 56 of his 1 75 sheep

. . What per cent
o f his floc k d i d he sell ?

2 . Fro m a case of Cereal (1 44 packages) there w ere sold

1 08 packages What per cent
.

3 . Ninety nine of the

-
220 pages of a n arith m eti c are
given u p to drill ex ercises . The d rill e x ercises are w h at
per cent of the book ?
248 A D VANC E D A RI TH MT I
E C

4 . F re d h a d a kite stri ng 750 feet long and lo st 270 feet .

Wha t p e r c en t ?
5 . A m erchant h a v ing 1 8 0
chests of tea sold 1 53 of
t he m . What per cent of his stock di d he sell ?
6 A dry goods d e aler paid $ 228 for ne w spaper advertis
.
-

i ng a nd $ 78 for circ u lars H o w m u ch did hi s adve rtisin g

.

co st W hat per cent of this w as paid for advertising i n

n e w spa pe rs What per ce n t for advertising by circ ul ars
7 I n draini ng h is land Mr D ean u sed 4 06 feet of pipe
.
, .

i n o ne field and 29 4 feet in another What per cent of t he .

i
p p e u sed w a s laid in e a c h fi eld ? ,

8 I n a test at an agric ultu ral station it w as fou nd that

.

1 32 o f the 1 50 beet seeds planted prod u ced plants What .

r ce nt w as good ?
p e

9 A farm is divided as follo w s : 4 acres in ho m e lot a nd

.

bu ild i ngs 20 a ore s in past u re 4 0 acres in grass 1 0 acre s

, , ,

i n al falfa 32 acres i n corn 1 6 acres in c a ts 8 acres in w heat

, , , ,

24 a cre s in potatoes and 6 acres in m iscellaneo u s crops

, .

Wh a t per cent of t he far m is given to each ?

1 0 I t is 9 0 m iles fro m Ne w Y ork to P hila delphia 9 5
.
,

m il es fro m P hiladelphia to B alti m ore and 40 m iles fro m ,

Bal ti m o re to W ashington In goi ng fro m Ne w Y ork to .

Was hington w hat per cent of the trip is co m pleted w he n

,

Ph ila d elphia is reached ? B alti m ore W ashington ?

1 1 . Wh at is
per cent of ga in in b u ying apple s
th e
at 50 cents a b u shel and selli ng at 8 0 cents a bu shel ?

H INT . What i s the ga i n T he ga i n i s w h a t p art of th e co st ?

T he per cent of gain or loss is al w ays rec k oned on th e

cos t .
250 A DVANC E D ARI TH MT IC
E

4 . MWellr. sol d 36 tons of alfalfa or

s , 75 % of his
crop . H ow m any tons di d he raise ?

5 . A farm er sold 20 of his sto c k . He then ha d 24

head . H o w m any had he at first ?
6Mr Watson has 6 0 sheep or 8 0 % of his flock i n
. .
, ,

t h e past u re and th e rest in the barn

, H o w m any in the .

barn ?
7. A s u it cost $ 27 This w as . 90 % of the cost of a

coat . F ind the cost of the coat .

WR ITTEN P ROBLE M S

8A farm er sold his horse at a gain of $ 30 or

.
, 25
F i nd the cost .

1
( ) $ 3 0 i s 4 o f th e c o s t ,

r th e w h o le i s 4 t i mes $ 30 o r 1 20
3 o , , , .

1 20
2
( )
9. When Mr B lackbu rn sold his
. c ow for 1 5 % m or e
than he paid he gained $ , 12. Ho w m u ch did the c o w
c ost ?

1 0 A m o w ing m achine
. w as sol d at a loss of $ 1 4 , or

40 Find the cost .

1 1I f Mr P eters sells hi s hou se for $ 4500 he

. .
, w il l
gain 20 of the cost Find the cost . .

H INT . $ 4500 w h at p e r c en t ?
1 2 A clerk ha d his w eekly w ages increased $ 3, o r
.

1 6§ W hat w ere his w ages before the increase A ft e r

the increase
1 3 A m e rchant sol d 1 23 barrels of flo u r or 8 2% o f
.
,

h is stock in one day H o w m a ny barrels had he at first

, .
 WRI TT E N P RO BLE M S 251

1 4 . What is the cost of a fo u ntain p e n if a p rofit of

15 is m ade by selling it for 69 cents ?
1 5 . Find the cost of a piano sold at a profit of $ 1 08 or ,

45

1 6 . What w ages does a receive

m an w ee k ly if he spe n ds
80 or for living e x penses ?
1 7 I f 6 5% of a barrel of s u gar is
. 1 95 po u nds , w hat is
the w eight of a fu ll barrel ?
18 . A ranch m a n lost 3000 sheep in a blizzard . I f this
w as 24 of his herd h o w m any had he at first ?
,

1 9 A plo w sold for $ 1 5 gives a profit of

. Find
the cost .

20 A harro w sold for $ 1 5 gives a loss of

. 25 75 .

the cost .

21 . A farm er sold tw o cow s f o r $ 72 each . On one he

g ai n ed 20 a n d on the other he lost 20 70 . D i d he g a i n
or los e by the sale ? H o w m u ch ?

ORAL EXERCI SE
Fin d the m issing term :

G
SE L LIN PR I CE GA I N GA I N Lo ss
252 A DVANC E D A RI TH MT IC
E

WRITTEN EXERCI SE

F ind the m issing ter m

M
I ELLANE
SC U
O S PROBLE M
S

Mr B a rker paid $ 48 75 for a ho u se w hich he sold a

1 . .

m on th later for 8 % m ore than h e paid Find the sellin g .

price .

2A n alloy is co m posed of 1 8 parts silver and 7 part s

.

c opper What per cent of the alloy is silver ? W hat p e r

.

c e n t copper ? H o w m any po u nds of each m etal in an alloy

w e ighing 1 200 po u nds ?

3 . Wh a t i s the loss w hen an au to m obile that cost 1 8 00

is s old for 58 of the cost ?
254 AD VANC E D A RI TH MT IC
E

1 6 . H o w m u ch m u st a dealer in farm s upplies get fo r a

h ay rak e costing to m ake a profit of 30
1 7 . Henry b u ys ne w spapers at the rate of 2 for a cent
a nd sells the m at a cent apiec e Find his gai n per cent
. .

1 8 A cotton m ill has i n its storeho u se 4 28 4 bales of

.

c ott o n I f it u ses 1 6 §
. of its stock in a w eek h o w lon g ,

w ill the s u pply last ? H o w m any bales are u sed each

w ee k

1 9 . W hat is loss in selling a horse th at cost $ 1 6 5

th e
for 7 less than cost
.f 20Mr A ppleton paid
. . for e .
‘

li o
s c u ltivator and,

a t the end of the season sold it for What p e r

cent of the cost di d he receive ?
21A m an b u ilt a hou se for $ 3 750 and sold it for $ 6 75
.

abo ve cost What per cent did h e gain

.

22 T welve per cent of an alloy is tin and t he res t

.
,

C opper H o w m any po u nds of copper i n 245 po u nds of

.

the alloy ?
23A galvanized steel grai n ta nk that c a n b e m ade f o r
.

$ 24 is sol d for What per cent does the deale r

m ake

24 A pict u re dealer paid $ 1 8 for a pictu re and $ 6

. fo r
the fra m e He sold both at a gai n of 4570 Find
. . th e

selli ng price .

25 . A farm er bo u ght 6 0 sheep at apiece and sol d

the m for $ 36 0 What w as the g a in per cent ?
.

26 I f green coff ee loses 8 } of its w eight in roasting

. 1 ,

h o w m any po u nds of roasted c o fi ee w ill be pro du ce d fro m

3 75 po u nds of green coff ee
 RE AL E STAT E
’

P RO BLE M S 255

27 . What is the gain per cent in b u ying w heat at 90

c en t s a b u shel and selling at a b u shel ?
28 A barrel of flou r (1 9 6 po u nds ) is p u t u p in bags of
.

24 5 po u nds A bag of flo u r is w hat per cent of a barrel ?

.

29 K i n d hearts are m ore than coronets

.
,

A nd si m ple faith than Norm an blood , .

W hat per cent of the w ords in this co u plet are w ords of

3 letters ? Of 4 letters ? O f 5 letters ? O f 6 lett ers ?
Of 8 letters ?

REAL E S TATE PROBLE M

S

Mr B allard bo u ght a lot of l and for $ 1 200 a nd b u ilt

.

a 4 tene m ent ho u se u po n it for $ 4 8 00

-
.

The first year after it w a s b u ilt b e rented each tene

1 .

m ent for $ 25 a m ont h and paid $ 75 for ta x es and i n

,

s u r a nce Wh a t w a s the gross inco m e ? The net inco m e ?

.

The net inco m e w a s w hat per cent of the cost ?

The secon d year he rented each tene m ent for $ 24

2 .

a m onth paid $ 75 for tax es and ins u rance and $ 27 for

, ,

repairs What w a s h is net inco m e

.
? This w a s w hat per
c ent of the cost ?

The third year he rented o ne tenem e n t for the ye a r

3 .

a t $ 23 a m onth one for 8 m o nth s at $ 20 a m onth o n e for

, ,

t h e ye a r at $ 20 a m o n th and one for 1 0 m onths at $ 23 a

’

m onth He paid $ 75 for tax es and i ns u ra nce a n d $ 6 9 for

.
,

repairs The net inco m e w as w hat per cent of the cost ?

.

4 The fo u rth ye a r he received a n average rental of

.

$ 75 a m o nth fro m the property and paid $ 75 for t a x es ,

a n d ins u rance a n d $ 225 for repairs , W hat per cent i n .

c o me ?
256 AD VANCE D A RI TH MT I E C

5 The fifth year he received an average monthly re ntal

.

of fro m each te nem ent and paid $ 75 for taxes an d

'

i ns u rance a nd $ 28 5 for repairs W hat per cent in co m e

,
.

6 A t the e nd of the fifth year he sold the property at

.

a u ction for $ 58 00 and paid the a u c tioneer $ 1 00 for his

,

services W hat per ce nt of the cost di d he receive ?

.

7He then bo ught a farm of 60g A at $ 72 an acr e

. .
,

an d spe n t a su m e q u al to 20 of the cost in repairs .

Find the tot al a m o u nt e x pe nded .

of
8 . The follo w ing year he sold the far m at a profit 3
if the total cost H o w m u ch di d he receive for it
.

BASE BALL PROBLE M S

The reg u lation baseball diam ond is a 90 foot are

M
-
squ .

1 . D ra w one on a scale of 1 inch to 30 feet . ar k

’

the hom e plate B and the b ases 1 2 3

, , , .

2 . H o w m any
s q u are feet d oes th e i nfield cover ?
What pa rt of an acre ?
3 . Ho w far does a player ru n in m ak ing a “
ho me
ru n ? What p art of a m ile ?
4 . T he record t i m e for a “
ho m e run is 14 seconds .

Ho w m any feet i n a second ?

5 A hom e
. ru n is h o w m u ch longer than a h u n dred
y a r d dash ?

6The record ti m e for a h ndred yar d dash is

. u -
9g
s econds H o w m any feet in a second ?
.

’ ”
The pitcher s plate is a rectangle
7. “
6 inches b y 2
feet the lo ng side to w ard the ho m e plate
, . What is i ts
area in s qu are feet ? I n s q u are inches ?
258 AD V ANC E D A R I TH MT IC
E

NATI O NAL LE AGUE STATIST IC S 1 91 6

2 Ba so 3 Ba se H om e To ta l
Hm
- -

Clu bs Buns
Hi ts Hi ts R uns Ba se s

Bo ston

T o ta ls .

1 3 F in d th e to tal nu m be r of ti m e s a t bat ru ns
. m ad e
bas e hits ; 2 ba se hi ts ; 3 base hits ho m e ru ns
- -
.

1 4 . Of th e 1 3 6 6 by th e Brooklyn te a m 1 9 5
hits m ade ,

w e re 2 ba se hits 8 0 w e r e 3 bas e hits and 28 w e re h o m e

-

,
-

ru ns .F ind th e to tal nu m b e r of b as es w o n by hits by th e

Brooklyn te am by e ach of th e o th er te a m s .

1 5 . core rs find th e batting p e r c e nt o f a te a m

Ba s e ball s

by dividing th e nu m be r o f hits by th e nu m be r of ti m e s a t
ba t. Th u s th e battin g p e r ce nt of th e Br o oklyn team i s
,

fou n d by di viding 1 36 6 by 5234 F in d the batting p er .

cent of ea ch tea m .

DI SCO UNT Ora l

MWi r . ls o n o w e s th e do c to r $ 50 At th e ti m e o f p a y
.

m e nt th e doctor d e du cts 1 0 % of th e bill H o w m u ch i s .

de du cte d ?
 DI SC OUNT 259

F or pay m ent
at the ti m eof p rchase a dry goods deale r
u -

makes a d edu ction o f 3 fro m the am o u nt of the bill .

What ded u ctio n d oes he

.

m ake on a bill of goods am o u nt

i ng to 200 ?

A carriage m a ker ask s 6 0 for far m w agons . He m ak es

a ded u cti on of 20 % to other dealers This is . h o w m u ch
l ess than the reg u lar price ?
A ny ded u ction from a reg u lar or fi xe d price or am o u nt
is a di scou nt .

D isco u nts are generally a per cent o f the establishe d

price or am o u nt .

The per cent of disco u nt is the ra te of di scou nt .

Man u fa ct u rers an d w holesalers iss u e price li sts of thei r

goods fro m w hich de du ctions are allo w e d Su c h de du c .

tions are c om mercia l or tra de di scou nts .

D isco u nts are generally sp oken of a s so m any per cent

”
o ff . Thu s a m an u factu rer speaks of the prices of plo w s
,

”
as 1 2 25 o ff
,
m eaning that he w ill ded u c t 25 fro m
,

the reg u lar price $ 1 2 m aking the price to the retailer $ 9

, , .

The am o u nt of the bil l after the ded u ction is m ade is

th e ne t price
'

Find the disco u nt

1 . $ 50, 2 % O E $ 70, 1 0 C E
ofi
'

3 .
$ 30 4 0, $ 4 0, 5 o ff

5 . $ 48 , o ff $ 35, 20 70 o ff

7 . $ 36 , 33 5 OE $ 56 1 25
, o ff

9 . $ 32, 25 o ff $ 40, 3 74 O E

1 1 . $ 6 0, 20 ofi $ 50, 8 o ff
26 0 A D VANC E D A RI TH MT IC
E

1 3The reg ular price of a chair is $ 1 6 I can bu y it

. .

25 l ess than the reg u lar price What is the disco u n t ?.

The net price ?

1 4 A t 20 o ff
.
, w hat is the disco u nt on a bill of good s
am o u nting to $ 30 ?

1 5 . Find the ne t price of a $ 4 8 m o w ing m ac hine , dis

co u nt 1 63

1 6 . What is the net price of 5 boo k s at $ 2 each , 20

o ff

1 7 . L ace m ar k e d a yard is sold at a disco u nt of

1 25 What is the discou nt ?

WRITTEN PROBLE M S

1 . Tw o
boys bou ght a tent The list pric e w as $ 24
. ,

w ith a disco u nt of 30 H o w m u ch did each boy pay ?

2 The list price of an au tom obile w as $ 2250 I f a

. . .

d isco u n t of 1 6 % w a s allo w ed w hat w a s the net price ?

,

’
A pl u m ber s bill
3 . w as For cash pay m en t
there w as a disco u nt of What w as the net am o u n t
of the bill ?
4 The list pri ce of a piano w as $ 4 50 I t w as sold
. . at

a d isco u nt of What w as the selli n g price ?

5On a stove listed at $ 4 2 a disco u nt of
. 22% w as

allo w ed What w a s the n e t price ?

.

6 Find the net price of 6 0 pairs of blankets at

.

a pair w ith a disco u nt of 1 5

,

7 . A shop w orn set of histories w as sold at 4 0 % o ff .

The orig inal price w a s $ 25 What . w as th e sale price ?

26 2 AD VANC E D A RI TH MTIC
E

2 . sells a box Of soap am ong the neighb ors for

Fred
$ 40 at 20 co m m ission Find his co m m ission H o w
. .

m u ch does the m aker get

3 .H o w m u ch does Mr L ake receive for selling a $ 3000
.

a utom obile at 1 2 co m m ission ? Fin d the net proceeds .

4 .Mr Harvey pai d a real estate agent $ 1 00 for selling

.

a ho u se for $ 2000 What per cent co mm ission did h e

.

p y
a W ha t w ere the net proceeds ?
5 .What are the net proceeds w h en a com m ission m e r
c hant sells goods for $ 6 00 at 4 co m m ission ?
6 .A n a u ctioneer sold a farm for $ 3500 and r eceive d
$ 350 for his ser vices Fin d th e per cent of his co m m is
.

s io n .

7 .What w ere the gross proceeds of a sale O f w heat if

th e net procee ds w ere 2400 and the co m m ission $ 30

WRITT EN P ROBLE MS

1 .A t l fi co mm ission fi nd the a m o u nt pai d an agen t

,

fo r sel ling 1 6 75 b u shels Of w heat at 9 2 cents a b u shel .

2 .A real estate agent collects r ents to th e am ou nt o f

$ 1 248 I f his com m ission is 25 w hat per cent of th e
.

col lections is ret u r ne d to the o w ner O f the property ?

H o w m u ch m oney
3 .A b ill collector collecte d th e follo w ing a m o u nts i n
one w eek
and Find h i s
c o mm ission at 7
5
4 A t a com m issio n of 5 % of the su m collected h o w
.
,

m u ch does an agent r e ceive for collecting 75 of a bill Of

$ 1 68 ?
 A GR OUP O F SC H OO L P R O BL E M S 26 3

5 .A co mmission dealer s ells 36 0 b arrels of apples a t

$ 1 % a barrel receiving a co m m ission Of
, Find the
c o m m iss ion ; the ne t procee ds .

6 Mr Hanley sent to a co mm i ss ion firm 450 b u shels

. .

of c orn an d 6 20 b u shels Of pota toes The corn w as sold .

at 45 cents a b u shel and the potatoes at 70 cents a b u shel .

Th e fi rm charge d a co m m iss ion O f 3 and for cart

ag e . H o w m u ch m oney w as sent to Mr Hanley ? .

7 What is the per cent co mm ission w hen an agen t

.

receives $ 1 50 f or selli n g 24 0 cases of goo ds at a

c ase ?

8 Mr C arte r paid $ 20 to Mr D river for selling 2

. . .

c o w s at $ 75 each and a horse for $ 1 00

, .Fin d the p er .

c ent of the gross proceeds paid to Mr D river . .

9 A fter selling a lot of l an d for $ 3 6 00 the agen t

.
,

k ept $ 288 for his services This was w hat per cent of t h e
.

s u m received for the lan d ?

1 0 A n architect receives a com m ission O f 35 for pre

.

p arin g the plans and a co m,m ission of 23 for s u

p e ri n

t e nding the constr u ction of a b u i lding , W hat is his c om .

m ission i f the b u il d ing costs

1 1 The net proceeds of a sale of farm prod u cts w as
.
.

the co m m ission Find the rate Of the

c o mm iss ion .

A GROUP OF S CHOOL P ROBLE M

S

I n the Washington school there are 358 boys and

1 .

89 m ore girls t han boys Ho w m any p u pils in the sch ool ?

.

The attendance w as 78 4 on Monday 776 on T u es

2 .
,

day 769 on Wednesday 775 on Th u rsday and 76 6 o n

, , ,

Fri da y What w a s the average daily attendance

.
26 4 A DV ANC E D A R I TH MT I
E C

3 There are 1 8 roo m s in the b u ilding Fo u r have

. .

54 seats each s i x 4 8 seats each an d the rest 45 seats each

, , .

H o w m a ny seats in all ?

4 One h u ndred eighty fo u r tons O f coal w ere r e

.
-

q u ired to hea t the b u ilding H o w m u c h did it cost at

.

a ton ?

5 . One
the j anitors received
Of a day a nd the
other a day E ach w orked 308 days in the year
. .

H o w m u ch w as paid the m ?
6 . I n the L incoln school there w ere 64 8 pu pils in Se p
te m ber D u ring the year 3 8 n e w p u pils entered fro m
.

o u t O f to w n 1 6 fro m other schools in to w n 25 w ere trans

, ,

ferred to other schools 9 left on acco u nt O f illness and 36

, ,

to go to w ork H o w m any p u pils at the close Of the y e ar

.
?

’
7 . John s m a rks for the year w er e 8 4 in a rith m etic ,

76 in gra m m ar 9 2 in spelling 8 7 in geography and 8 8

, , ,

in history What w as his a verage ?

.

8 Henry w a s absent 6 sessions in the fall 5 in the

.
,

w inter and 4 5days in the spring

,
~
What part O f the year .

O f 36 w eeks w a s he present ( T sessions each day

w o ) .

9 .There w ere 1 32 p u pils in the fifth grade and 1 1 9 ,

in the si x th Ho w m any in each gra de aft er 1 7 w ere

.
r

prom oted fro m the fifth grade t o the si x th and 7 ne w ,

p u pils had entered the fifth grade and 4 had left the si xth
grad e
1 0 E ight of the p u pils lived o u tside the city and each
.
,

paid a t u ition fee O f $ 1 2 fo r each of the three term s .

H o w m u ch did the y all pay in the year ?

’
1 1 Ma u d s m ark for attendance w a s 95
. H OW
m any of the 3 6 0 sessions w as she present ?
26 6 A DVANC E D A RI TH MT IC E

fifth H o w m any in each grade ? I n the school ? What

.

per ce n t of the p u pils in the school in each grade ?

1 9 . Of the 64
p u pils in t he highest grade of a gram m ar
school received ce rtificates of ad m ission to the high
,

school and 75 O f those receiving certificates entered the

,

high school H o w m any entered the high school ?

.

20 The length of the high school session is 5 ho u rs

. .

Thirty m in u tes are given to recesses a n d the r est of the ,

ti m e is divided into 6 e q u al periods H o w m any m i n u te s .

to a perio d ? What per cent of an ho u r ?

DIFFERENCE IN M
TI E BE TWEEN DATE S
Find the di ff erence in ti m e bet w een March 22, 1 9 1 0, a nd

No v . 1 2, 1 9 1 1 .

Y E A Rs M
O NT H S D A YS
1 2
; $
1
( ) In t h is m e th o d a m o nth is te
)
de d d ay s
6 ga r as 30 .

Mch Mch
1 7 2
’ ’
ye ar
Mch
2
( ) F r o m ar 22, 1 0, to ar 22, 1 1 1
’ ’
Fro m ar 22, 1 1 , to O c t 22, 1 1
. 7 m o n th s
’
F ro m Oc t 22, 1 1 , to . NO V .
’
1 2, 1 1 d ay s
21
This m e th o d gi ve s th e e x ac t n u m be r Of d ay s l ess t h a n o ne m o nt h .

Bo th the ab o v e m e th o ds a re i n c o m m o n u se . Use th e o ne g e n e ra lly

u se d by b u si ne s s m e n i n y o u r l o c a l i ty .

TABLE OF DAYS S PECIALLY OB S ERVE D AS HO LIDAYS

’
New Ye a r s D ay , J yl
a n na r .

Wa sh ’
Bi r th d ay , F e b r ua ry 22
M
i n gto n s .

Pe ac e D ay , ay 18 .

F l ag D a y . J u ne 14 .

In d p e n d e nc e D ay ly 4
Md y
e , J u .

L abo D ay r ,
F i r st on a i n Se p te m be r .

Co l u m b u s D y a , O c to b e r 1 2 .

T h a n k sgi i ng D ay
v ,
Last T h u rsday i n Nove m be r .

C h istm a s Day
r , D e c e m b e r 25 .
 SI M
PL E INT E RE ST 26 7

F ind t he ti m e in m o nt h s and days

’
Fro m Ne w Y ear s D ay to C hrist m as D ay .

From Washington s B irth day to P eace D ay ’

.

Fro m Washington s B irthday to I ndependence D ay

’
.

Fro m I ndependence D ay to t he follo w ing Flag D ay .

Fro m P eace D ay to C hristm a s D ay .

Fro m C hrist m as D ay to the fol lo w ing P eace D ay .

’
Fro m to d ay to ne x t Ne w Y ear s D ay .

Fro m to day to e a ch
-
Of the other days in the above
list .

Find the di ff erence in ti m e b et w een the follo w ing dates

A pril 6 , 1 9 04, and No v . 1 , 1 9 09 .

Sept 27, 1 9 06 ,
. and March 3, 1 9 09 .

No v 28 1 9 05 and Au g 1 5 1 9 09
.
, , .
, .

Jan 1 3, 1 906 , and A u g 7, 1 9 1 1

M
. . .

a
y 1 2, 1 9 02, and Jan . 3, 1 9 09 .

Oct . 1 7, 1 9 1 1 , and No v 7 1 9 1 2
.
, .

Fe b . 5, 1 905, and March 3, 1 908 .

D ec . 29 , 1 9 1 0, and May 1 6, 1 9 1 3 .

March 21 1 906 a nd Au g 1 7 1 9 1 1
, , .
, .

5 J u ly 20 1 9 04 and Jan 26 1 9 07
, , .
, .

5 A u g 24 1 900 and March 1 2 1 91 2

.
, , , .

5 J u ne 27, 1 91 0, and A pril 5, 1 9 1 3 .

SI M
PLE INTERES T
Mr C am pton o w ns a store w orth $ 4000
. . He lets
B arker have the u se O f it for one year for 6 O f its val u e .

Ho w m u ch does Mr B arker pay .

268 A D VANC E D A R I TH MT IE C

I f Mr C a m pton sho u ld let Mr B arker have $ 4000 in

. .

m oney for a year at h o w m u ch w o u ld Mr B arker .

p y
a for its u se ?

Money paid for the u se of m oney is interest .

The s u m O f m oney for w hose u s e interest is pai d is t he

principal .

The per cent of the principal paid each year for interest
is the rate .

The leg a l rate is the rate establi shed by l a w in the

s tate w h ere t h e m oney is loaned The legal rate in m ost .

s ta t es is 6 What is the legal rate in t h e state in w hich

y o u live ? W hen no r a te is m entioned the legal rate i s ,

u n derstood .

Mr Stevens borro w ed $ 3000 for one yea r at 5

.

A t the end Of the year he p aid the $ 3000 and t he i nterest .

W hat am o u nt did he pay ?

T he s u m of th e principal and the interest is the a m o u nt .

I
S GH T EXERCI SE S
Find the interest for one y e a r on

1 . $ 300 at 6 % 2 . $ 8 00 at 5% 3 . $ 900 a t 4 %
4 . $ 700 at 3 7 0 5 . $ 8 00 at 7% 6 . $ 500 at 8 %
7 .
$ 250 at 6 % 8 . $ 1 50 at 8 70 9 .
$ 350 a t 4 %
1 0 . $ 240 at 5% 1 1 . $ 4 50 a t 3 1 2 .
$ 9 00 at 7

Find the interest on

1 3 . $ 1 50 at 4 for 1 year ; of a year ; 1 5years .

1 4 .
$ 250 at 8 % for 1 year ; i of a year ; 2of a year ;
years .
270 A DVANC E D A RI TH MT ICE

Find the interest a nd the a m ou nt Of

2 . $ 49 0 fo r 1 yea r 9 m onths at 7
3 $ 8 6 7 for 2 years 4 m onths at 8
4 . $ 1 26 5 for 3 years 5 m onths at 6

5 . $ 1 46 8 for 4 years 6 m onths at 5

T HE ONE -
DOLLAR M
ET HOD

I n co m pu ting Si m ple interest a year is generally re

garded as 1 2 m onths Of 30 days each .

W hen the ti m e is given in years m onths and days o r , , ,

in m onths and days the follo w ing m et hod m ay be u sed

,

$1 at intere st at 6 w ill earn

in 1 year
in 2 m onths (4 of a year ) 4 of or
in 1 m onth (4 of 2 m ont h s ) 4 of or
in 6 days (4 of a m o n th ) 4 Of or $ 0 001 .

in 1 day (4 of 6 days ) 4 of or $ 0 0004

s . .

Find h o w m u ch $ 1 w ill earn at 6 % in the follow in g

periods of ti m e
1 . Y ears 1 3 5 7 2 4 6 8
o
s Months 2 4 6 8 10 1 3 5
s Months 7 9 11 12 15 18 20 24

e D ays 6 12 18 24 3 9 15 21

r D ays 27 2 4 8 10 14 16 20

p D ays 22 26 28 5 7 11 13 17
s D ays : 19 23 25 29 36 48 60 90

e What is the interest on $1 for 2 years 7 m onths

17 days at 6 O n $ 348 ?
 T H E ONE -
D OLLAR MTH E OD 271

At 6 the i nte r est on 31

f o r 2 ye a r s
for 7 m o nth s
fo r 1 7 da ys
fo r 2 ye a rs 7 m o nths 1 7 d ay s
348 ti mes

H o w m u ch w ill $ 420 earn at 6 in

9 . 1 yr 6 m o ?
. . 1 0 2 yr 6 m O ?
. . . 11 . 1 yr . 4 mO ? .

1 2 . 1 yr . 8 mo . 1 3 . 1 yr . 2 mo . 1 4 . 1 yr . 1 0 mo

1 5 . 1 yr . 2 m o 1 2 da ?
. . 16 . 1 yr . 7 mo 1 1 . da .

1 7 . 1 yr . 4 mo 1 8 . da . ? 1 8 . 1 yr . 8 mo 1 1 . da . ?

1 9 . Find the interest on $ 34 2 for 3 m onths 1 0 days

at 6

20 F in d the interest
. and the am o u nt Of $ 38 5 fo r
3 m onths 20 days at

I ntere st o f 1 at 6
f or 3 m o .

for 20 da .

f o r 3 m o 20 da
. .

38 5
i nte rest at 6
i n te re st at 1
5
i nte rest at 5
p r i n c ipal
a m o u nt

21 . The interest of any principal at 5 is w hat part

the interest a t b
22 . What part of th e interest at 6 is the interest
272 A D VANC E D A RI TH MT IC
E

T HE BANKER S ’ M
ET HOD

When the ti m e is given in days the follo w ing , m eth od,

’
co m m only called the ba nkers m ethod, m ay be u sed .

Si nc e t he i n te e st a t 6 r c i pa l f o r 6 0 d ays i s 01 o f itse lf
o f a ny p ri n .
,

fi rst fi nd th e i nte re st fo r 6 0 d ay s a n d t he n t ak e su ch p a rts of th i s

,

i nte re st a s m ay b e necessa ry T h u s i n fi ndi ng the i n terest at

.
,

$ 3 6 0 f o r 9 8 d a ys :
98 days 6 0 d ay s 30 d ay s 5 d ays 3 d ay s

i nte rest for 60 d ays

i n te rest f o r 30 d a ys (4 Of i nte rest f o r 6 0 d ays)
. 30 i nte rest f o r 5 d ay s ( 4 o f i nte re st fo r 30 d ay s)
. 18 i n te rest f o r 3 d a v s (1 1,y o f i nte re st f o r 30 d ays)
i nte rest fo r 9 8 d ay s

Fin d interest at 6
th e on
$ 96 0 for 9 0 days
$ 8 40 for 24 days
$ 720 for 8 4 days
$ 4 20 for 6 6 days
$ 540 for 8 7 days

Fin d the i nterest

PR I NC I PA L R ATE Tu m

1 1 . $ 6 40 8 54 days
1 3 . $ 76 0 5 27 days
1 5 . 24 0 7 78 days
1 7 . $ 6 75 8 39 days
1 9 . $ 864 4 56 days

PROBLE M S

1 . H o w m u ch w ill $ 4 50 earn in 1 y ea r 3 m o n th s
at 5% ?
274 A D VANC E D A RI TH MT I
E C

WR ITTEN EXE RCI S E

Find the i n terest : Find the am o u nt

M
I ELLAN
SC U
EO S PROBLEM
S

1 The te m perat u re at noon on Monday w a s

. It
rose 8 on T u esday fell 1 7 on W ednesday rose 3 o n
°
,
°
,
°

Thu rsday fell 1 6 on Friday and rose 1 4 on Sat u rday

,
°
,
°
.

Wha t w as the te m perat u re on Sat u rday

 MI C E
S LLANE O US P ROBLE M S 275

2 . At per M , w h at is the cost of b ricks ?

3A dealer sells fro m a roll of ribbo n 6 0 yd long the
.
.

f ollo w ing qu antities : 8 75 yd 4 yd 3§ yd 24 yd 54 . .

, .
, .
, .
,

y d . and
, yd H o w m any y a rds has he left ?
. W hat
p e r cent of the original piece ?

4 . H o w m u ch
carpeting 27 in w ide w ill be re qu ired .

to car pet a roo m 1 5 ft by 1 6 5f t allo w ing 1 ft on each . .

, .

s trip e x cept the fir s t fo r m atchi ng

A dealer p u ts u p 1 92 sam ple packages of tea in fio z

5 .
-
.

p ackages H o w m any po u n ds of tea did he

.
p ut u
p ?

Mr C u rtis bou ght I ? A of land for $ 3000 He

6 . . . .

c u t it u p into lots containing 3 2 s q rd each of w hich he . .

,

s old for $ 8 00 What w a s his entire gain .

Three pipes can fill a cistern i n 1 2 h r 1 5 h r and

7 . .
, .
,

20 h r respectively H o w long w ill it take to fill th e

.
, .

c istern ( )
a I f t he three are u sed together ? 6
( ) I f the
fi rst and second are u sed ? (0 ) I f the first and third are
u sed d I f the second and third are u sed ?
( )
At
8 . per s q u are yar d h o w m u ch , w ill it cost
to lay a floor in a roo m 1 54 ft by 1 2 ft ? . .

9 . H o w m u ch less w o u ld it cost to cov e r the floor w ith

c arpeting w orth per yard ?

1 0 A contract for a railroad re qu ires that the rail s
.

w eig h 70 lb to th e yard H o w m any tons of rails w ill

. .

l a y the roa d w hich is 3 % m i long ? ,

.

1 1 A roo m 30 ft long 24 ft w ide and 1 2 ft high is

. .
, .
, .

t o be plastere d at 35¢ per sq u are yard T here are 4 .

d oors 8 ft by 4 f t and 6 w indo w s 9 ft by 3 g ft

. Find
.
,
. .

t h e cost d ed u cting one half of the area of o p enings

,
.
276 A D VANC E D ARI TH MT IC E

1 2A ru g 3% yd by 25yd leaves an u ncovered space

. . .

2 ft w ide all aro u nd the roo m

. Wh a t is the floor area of .

the roo m ? H o w m any feet of pict u re m olding m u st be

bo u ght for the roo m
1 3 . H o w m any
loa ds of earth w ere rem oved in digging
a cellar if the eart h re m oved w hen spread evenly o v er a
,

lot 6 0 ft by 4 5 ft r aised the grade 3 in

. . .

1 4 . lb . oi 60
cent tea w ere accide ntally e m ptied -

into a chest containing 73 1 b of 40 cent te a W hat is the .

-
.

m i x tu re w orth per po u nd

1 5 . H o w m any
panes of glass 2 ft by 2 ft m u st a . .

schoolroo m have w hose di m ensions are 4 0 ft by 24 ft , . .

,

in order that the lighting s u rface m ay e q u al the floor

space ?
1 6A lot of land containing 1 A is 3 6 0 ft long Fro m
. . . .

one end is sold a lot 1 50 ft lo n g a nd fro m the other e n d .

,

a lot 9 0 ft long What part of an acre is left ?

. .

1 7 A f u rnace pipe is 2% f t long and 22§ in in Circ u m

. . .

ference Allo w i n g 1 in for the sea m w hat w ere the d i

. .
,

m e n si o ns of the piece of Sheet iron fro m w h ich it w a s

m ade ?

1 8 . At $ 1 % per yard w hat is the cost of carpeti ng , a

roo m 23 ft by 1 9 ft w ith carpeting yd w i de ?

. . .

19 . At
a s qu are foo t for sod w hat w ill i t co s t to ,

s o d a l a w n 75 ft lon a n d 4 0 ft w ide i f th e co s t of l a yi n
g .
g .
,

th e s o d i s p e r s q u a r e fo o t ?

20 . A
certa in c ity o f inh a bi ta nts cov e rs a n a rea
of 1 25s q m i
-

H o w m a ny p e o pl e i s this to th e a cr e ?
. .
278 A D VANC E D A RI TH MT IC
E

One pipe discharges 6 § gal per m in u te and a n other

34 . .
,

discharges 5§ gal per m in u te H o w long w ill it take to

. .

e m pty a tank w hose ca p acity is 6 00 gal .

35I f to a disinfecting sol u tion is adde d 1 2 parts of

.

w ater w hat fraction represents the strength of the

,

m i x t u re ?

On a plan draw n on the scale of 4 in to a foot

36 . .
,

w hat is the area of a lot w hose frontage is 33% in and .

w hose depth is 4 8 ? i n ? .

37 . is the produ ct of fou r factors three of , w hich

are 1 , and W h a t is the fo u rth ?
38 . W hich covers the greater space a tile in s q u are
, 6 .
,

or a tile containing 6 s q i n ? H o w m any ti m es the

. .

m
s aller is t he larger ? What part of the larger is the
s m aller ?
Mrs Hovey bou ght tw o rem nants of silk ; one
39 . .

lacked 9 in of being 2 yd and the other 6 in of being

. .
, .

1 % yd What w as the total nu m ber of yards bo u ght ?

.

A heating apparat u s is w arranted to s u pply 30 c u

40 . .

ft of fres h air per m inu te for every person i n the roo m

. .

I f the roo m is 30 ft long 25 ft w ide a nd 1 2 ft high

.
, .
, .
,

and contains 4 0 persons h o w often m u st the air in th e

,

r oo m be rene w ed ?

41 . H o w m any 500 lb
-
. bales of cotton can be h a rveste d
fro m a field of 1 684 A .
, if the average yield per acre i s
24 0 l b ? .

A n ice boat sails 1 8 m i in 1 hr 3 m in What is

42 . . . .

the rate per m in u te ? H o w long does it take to go a

m ile ?
 MI C E S LLANE O US P R OBLE M S 279

43 A farm er raise d 9 00 bu of beans

. O ne deale r . .

!
o ff ered hi m 4p per po u nd and another dealer o ffered ,

r bu shel of 6 0 lb W a s the better o fi e r

'

pe hich w .

B y ho w m u ch
difi e r
'

44 Fro m the
. su m of and tak e the
ence betw een and . 06 07 .

45 . What m u st
be added to the su m of . 01 05 and . 6 04
to m ake one w hole one ?
46 D ivide the
. su m of . 031 25 and . 01 8 75 by thei r
d iff erence .

47 U nder a street 1 320 ft lo ng there is laid a tele

. .

phone cable consisting of 4 8 w ires H o w m any m iles o f .

telephone w ire in the cable ?

48 . Washington w as born Feb . 22, 1 732 Frankli n
.

born Jan 1 7 1 706

w as .
, . How ol d w as Frankli n w he n
Washington was born
49 . When steel rails are m an u fact u red for p er

ton and sol d for $ 28 pe r ton a profit of

, , o n o ne

sale represents the sale of ho w m any tons

50 A block of stone 4 ft x 3 ft x 5 ft is u sed as a
. . . .

w atering tro u gh A place 2 ft 6 in long 1 ft 8 in

. . .
, . .

w ide and 1 ft deep is hollo w ed o u t of the top

, . Ho w .

m any cu bic fe et of s ton e in th e trou gh ? H o w m any gal

lo ns of w ater w ill the top h old ?
51 A qu ar t of floor varnish w ill cover a space of 1 50
.

s q ft H o w m u ch w ill i t cost at
. . per gallon to var
nis h t w o floors w hose di m ensions are 1 8 ft by 1 5 ft . .
,

and 1 5 ft by 1 2 ft. .
28 0 A D VANC E D A RI TH MT IC E

52 A reservoir is 6 0 ft 8 in long and 4 8 ft 4 in

. . . . . w ide .

T 0 m ake so m e repairs it is necess a ry to lo w er the w ate r

1 5 in H o w m any c u bic feet m u st be dra w n o fi
'

53 . W ishing to a field a b oy u sed a pole w hich

m eas u re ,

be su pposed to be 1 0 ft in length He fo u nd the field

. .

to be 1 8 0 ft by 9 0 ft He after w ards fou nd his m easu re

. .

t o be 9 ft long W hat w ere the real di m ensions of the

. .

fi eld ?

54 . H ow m any
dress patterns of 1 24 yd each can be .

c u t fro m a piece of goods containing 8 5 yd What w ill.

be the length of the re m nant ?

55 . B y w hat m u st you m u ltiply the ,
su m of and
to get 4444 ?
56 . What is the capacity in gallons of a ta nk 24 i n .

l ong, 1 1 in . w ide , an d 14 in deep ?

.

57 On a certain day the su n shone from to

M
.

fro m 1 20 to 2 and from 2 : 50 to 3 25 P

, . . What
p art of the 24 ho u rs di d the s u n shine ?

58 At
. per s q u a re yard w hat w ill it cost to pai nt ,

a kitchen floor 1 5 ft 9 in long and 1 2 ft w ide

. . .

59 . When a dealer bu ys of pe a s at per 28 bu .

b u shel and 8 bu are fo u nd to be w orthless for w hat m u st

.
,

he sell the re m ainder per peck to get his m oney b ack ?

60 B y sellin g a sh o p w orn book for
. a dealer
sacrifices 75 W hat w as the cost ?
61 . By w hat m u st yo u divide the di fference bet w ee n
01 5 a nd 1 5 to . get for a q u o tient ?
62 . H o w m any
paving stones 8 in s q u are w ill be . re

q u i red to pave a street 20 rd long and 6 0 ft w ide . .

28 2 A D VANC E D A RI T H E T I C M
Separate into grou ps read alo u d and then
, , w rite in
w ords

4 . 376 24251 00 5 . 1 549 3 76 244 9 6 . 1 56 4 3 7289452

7 . 9 03 7008 6 4 3 8 . 9 6 0076 258 00 9 . 8 736 00708 509

Write in fig u res
1 Three billion t w o h u ndred seventeen m il lion fo u r
.

h u ndred Si x ty fo u r tho u s an d nine h u ndred seventy si x

- -
.

2 Fo u r billion
. S ix hu ndred m illion forty tho u san d
t hree h u ndred .

3 . Si xty -
se v en billion eight h u ndred th irty -
t wo tho u
s a nd ninety .

4 One h u ndred eighty billion

. tw o h u ndre d sixty
m illion .

5 . Seven
h u ndred ninety fi v e billion -
tw o h u ndred
e i ghty fo u r tho u sand
-
.

R ead
1A t one ti m e there
. w ere in the state of Ne w Y ork
1 37 sa v ings banks w ith d eposi t ors having total
,

d eposits of

2I n th e year
. 1 9 09 there w ere i m ported into the
U nited States po u nds of s u gar val u ed at

3 . total inco m e of
T he a ll th e railroads in the U nited
S tates in one year w a s and the total e x
pense of operating w as
NO T E . Practi ce in re a d in g an d w r i ti n g nu m b er s s ho uld b e give n
f re qu e ntly .
 FUND A MNTAL
E PR O C E SSE S

RO MN N TATI
A O ON AND NU M
ERATI ON

Nam e the seven letters u sed in R o m an notation

1 .
,

and tell the valu e assigned to each .

Write in figur es
X L IX L XX V II XC IV C
M M
2 . 3 . 4 . 5 .

6 . M C M XV 7 . D CC L X X IX 8 . C C C C X C II
9 . W rite in R o m an notation the proper headings for
these chapters of a book : 29 th ; 37th ; 4 2d ; 5l st .

1 0 . W rite in R o m an notatio n these years : 1 6 00 ; 1 06 6 ;

1 776 ; 1 8 00 ; 1 9 1 5; 1 9 20 .

FUN DA MNTAL
E PROCES SES
Solv e by grou ps :
I II III

1 . 23479 1 . 1 .

6 8 521
682
1 2038
429 7
54 925
76 08
9 36 25
76 24

2 2 2
'

. . .

3 . 3 76 5 x 237 3 . x 87 3 . x

4 . 1 24 4 . 56 4 .

NO T E . D r i ll ci se s li k e the abo v e s ho ul d be
o n e xe r gi v e n f re qu e ntly

wi th a ti m e l i m i t fo r e a c h e x a m p l e .
 A DVANC E D A RI TH MT IC E

WR ITTEN P ROBLE M S

SC OR E S IN A CA ND LE PI N BO WLING M
A T C II

1 . Which team wo nB y h o w m any points

2 . Find the average pinfall per string of each bo w ler of
t h e Tigers . Of the w hole tea m Of each b o w ler of the
.

P anth ers . O f the w hole tea m .

3 . The hea viest freight loco m otive and t ender ever b u ilt
w eigh po u nds The tender w eighs
. po u n ds .

Find the w eight of the locom otive .

4 .B y selling 6 0 yards of silk for $ 8 7 a m erchant m ade ,

What w as th e cost per yard ?

’
5 .A m ason s charges for p u tting on ne w ceili ngs an d
’
repai ring w alls in t w o roo m s w ere : J C ollin s 21 1} ho u rs .
,

M
labor M C orcoran 1 5 ho u rs
.
, A Gove .
,

1 1 ho u rs P c Ke n z i e
. 8 ho u rs , 6}
barrels m ortar 3 barrels ski m m ing 1
pail calcine plaster , tea m ing $ 2 F ind the total , . .

6 .I f fro m a piece of l a nd containing s q u are feet

there ar e sold tw o lots of 8 9 26 s qu are feet each a nd 6 8 7 ,

s q u are feet are given for a road ho w m any s qu are feet are
,

left
 86 A DVANC E D A RI TH MT IC
E

DICTATION EXE RCI SES

x 5, + 7, + 3, — 5, + 3, x 7, + 6 , + 9 , — 2 .

x l 2, + 3, + 5, — 7, x 7, — 2, + 9 , — 6 .

8 x 4, x 2, + 4 , + 8, + 6 , + 5, x 7, + 3, + 7, + 4 .

1 23
, + 6, 5, + 2,
+ -
4, + 9 , — 5, x 9 , — 8 , + 20, — 2 .

24 — 6, 2
x , + ,4 + 8 , 9
x , — 1, + 4, + 5, x 4, — 1 .

POSTAL MNEY
O ORDE R S

A t any post ofi ce in the U nited States a m oney orde r

may be obtained directing the post m aster at a nother o ffi ce
t o pay a specifie d s u m of m oney to a specifie d person .

FE E S F OR M O NE Y OR D E R S D R A WN O N DO M
E STIC FO R M
Payab le i n the United States (w h i ch i nc lu des Hawau a nd Porto
,

R i c o ) a nd i ts p o sse ssio ns c o m p ri si ng t he Canal Z o ne (I sth m u s o f

Pa na m a) Gu a m the Ph i l ippi nes a n d T u tu il a Sa mo a ; al so f o r
, , ,

O de s p ay a bl e i n Be rm u d a Bri ti sh G u i a na Briti sh H o nd u ras

r r , , ,

C a n a d a Cu b a Ne wf o u ndl and t h e Un i te d State s Posta l Age ncy a t

, , ,

M
Sh a n gh a i (C h i na) the Bah a m a Isl a n d s a nd c e rta i n o th er Isl a nd s i n
, ,

t h e We st I nd ies m e nti o n e d i n R e gi ste r o f o ne y O rd e r Po st Offi ce s .

F or Orders F ro m to 3 c e n ts .

F ro m to 5 c e n ts .

Fro m to 8 c e nts .

F ro m to 10 c e nts .

F ro m to 12 cents .

From to 15 c e nts .

F ro m to 18 cents .

F ro m to 20 cen ts .

Fro m to 25 c e nt s .

F ro m to 30 c e nts .

NOTE . Th e m axi m u m amou nt fo r w h ic h a Si gl

n e M Ord e r m ay be i ssu ed i s $ 1 00
o ney .

Wh en a l arge r su m i s to be d l d
se nt, ad i ti o na Or er s m u st be obtai ned .

1 . to send a m oney order for

Yo u w ish to the
’
F arm ers Seed C o m pany 1 024 State St St L ou is M o , .
, . , .

Tell w hat m u s t b e w ritten i n each blank sp a ce i n th e

f ollo w ing
 P OSTAL MN O E Y O RD E RS 28 7

A PP L I C A T IO N F OR DO M
ES T IC M O NE Y OR D E R

l ll
S p a c e s b e o w t o b e fi e d i n b y p u rc h a s e r, o r, If nm e e a ry,
b y a no t h e r p e rs o n fo r h l m

Am o u nt
D ollars Cent s

(Name of p e rso n or fi rm f o r w h o m o rde r i s i nte n d d)

e

Stre e t

S e nt b y
(Nam e of Se n d
er)

A dd ress
of
Se n d e r No
P URC HAS ER M UST S END O RDE R (O N BLUE PAPER) TO PAYEE

2 . H o w m u ch m u st b e paid to the post master in addi

tion to the a m o u nt yo u w ish to send to the seed co m pa n y
3 . On receiving the m oney and fee the post m aster ,

i ss u es a m oney order w hich yo u m ail to the seed co m pa ny

,
.

T o w ho m w ill the co m pa n y prese nt the order for pay m ent

What a m o u nt w ill be paid
4 . Make o u t an application for a m oney order yo u re
q u ire to pay to P ratt P arker C o 1 28 7 U nion,St .
, .
,

Rochester N Y ,
What is the cost of the order
. .

5 . Wh at is the cost of a m oney order fo r

28 8 A D VANC E D A RI TH MT I E C

6 Mr A shton bou ght five

. . m oney orders for th e se
a m o u nts : and $ 30 Fin d
.

the total cost

M
.

7 . Su san c D ona l d sends a m oney order to pay for

3 books at eac h . Find the cost .

8Find the cost of a m oney order to pay for

. 1 ;
dozen pairs of stoc k ings at $ 1 per pair .

9 Mr Graham sends to his son w h o is a w ay at school

. .

’
a m oney order to cover 9 w eeks board at a w eek ,

t u ition fee of $ 45 and other e xpenses am o u nting to $ 1 7

, .

Find th e cost of the order .

1 0A gy m nasi u m class bo u ght 3 dozen pairs of d u m b

.

bells at 40 cents a pair 5% disco u nt Find the cos t

, .

of the m oney order and posta ge .

11 . people form a m agazine cl u b ta k ing 3 m aga

Seven ,

zines at each 2 at each 1 a t

, and 1 a t ,

90 cents Fin d the cost of m oney order and postage

. .

H o w m u ch does each person pay ?

REVIEW OF F RACTIONS

1 . Wha t is an integer A fraction ? ?

2 . What does the denom inator of a fraction tell ?

The n u m erator ?
3 What is a proper fraction ?
. A n i m proper frac
tion ? A m ixe d n u m ber ?
C hange to 54ths R :
8 27 i
7 J
v

C hange to 56 th s : % 8 fi 3 7 fi 5
C hange to 8 ths : 3} 43 {g 7
3;
C hange to 1 2m : A ; 33 $3 44 a , fit;
“
29 0 A DVANC E D A RI TH MT IC
E

M u ltiply eac h n u mber in the first ro w by each frac

2 .

tion in the second row .

3 D ivide each fraction in the second ro w by each nu m

.

he r in the fi rst r o w ; eac h n u m ber in the first ro w by eac h

f raction in the second ro w .

4 To each fraction in the second r o w add } ; 4

.
e

etc to 1 15 .
, .

5 Find the di ff erence bet w ee n e ach fractio n a nd g; 4;

.

etc to 1 5 1 .
, .

6 M ul t iply each frac tion by 3; g; 4 ; etc to 1 1 6

. .
, .

7 . D ivide each fraction by i ; i ; 1 ; etc . to

,
1
1 6
"
°

NO T E . Th e bo ve
a w ork m ay be e x te nde d i nde fi ni te ly by us i ng

2; 5; etc
1 ;
S IGHT E XERCIS E

Find the su m of each co u plet the di ff erence ; the pro d

u ot ; the q u otient of the fi rst ter m di vi ded by the second

A dd at Sight
1 .
4 z .

i
3
.
 WRI TT E N E X E RCI SE S 29 1

9 . 9 f§ 1 0 . 7g
43
I; 5;
65 9k

WR ITTEN EXERCI SE S
S olve
. A B

1 3; 1 53 27g 1 45

6 5; 4 3; 52991 1 9§

7
36 1 , 29 44 4 7
6 1 2 2551
5
1

28 ; 4 2g 3521
9

3 743 72; 4 73 n7
35

51 13
1 5
26 4; 59g

75s: 4 83 6 75; “ fl
sea

544; 7333 733 42“

9 24: 4 7a 9 53? 51 57}

1 4344 743;

9 744 1 034; 9 433

29 2 AD V ANC E D ARI TH MT IC
E

Si m plify
1 .
i ii x ii 2
3 23 1 3
‘

X X

a .
3 x 6 1 x 9g 4 . 6 x x 1 7}
5 . x 2g x 41 6 .
{T x 1 0 x 6 6 3 1

5 of 6 6 of of 5
7 . 8 .

3, 3 L

9 . 3% of ‘

i
7
' ‘

1
of l % of 41} 1 0 .
3 of 9
1 5 § of 6 3 of 8

?g a
36
. -

1 3 1 5
5
.
.

51 18
3 3§
83 1
8 3§
t
i i 4} i of 25 } 1 1

2 “

i of
i
5
-

0f 1§ 1k

234 4 2 1 -
3 3x 2§ 3 34 21} -
8% — 2§
—
3fi 27 1
1 3% — 2
§ 3s — 2
a W
29 ~ X 9
1 6 ) 30 ( 1% 11)

31 (? f X
i) 32 . 3
( 3 x 1 5) 6 g)
8 ( 3 i)
1 + 34 .
( %
6 x 7 g) x

3 as . 31 ) x ( 2? u)
S IGHT EXERCIS E Solve b y rows
g of 1 2 is 1 2 is -

3 of 1 2 is w ha t p r t a of 30 ?
3
3.
of 24 i s 24 i s
3 of 24 i s wh t p rt a a of 40 ?

of 1 8 is 1 8 is of 1 8 i s wha t pa rt of 1 2?
o

of 56 i s 56 i s of 56 i s wha t p art of 40 ?

o f 28 i s 28 i s 4; of 28 i s wh a t pa rt of 4 2?
3
2
of 36 i s 36 i s 4
of 3 6 i s wha t pa rt of 36 ?

8 Of 45 i s 45 i s Ef
g
o 45 i s wh a t part of 80?
3 2 of 8 4 is 84 i s 1 '
oi 8 4 i s wh a t p a t r of 72?
7 1 2
5
7
nf 35 i s 35 s
is é o f r
35 i s wh a t pa t r of 40 ?
,— o f 4 2 i s
5
6
42 i s
% —o f 42 is wh t part a of 28 ?
294 AD VANC E D A RI TH MTE IC

WRITTEN PROBLE M
S

1 A m an has 4g do llars
.
( )
a I f he gives g to
. charity ,

ho w m u ch w ill he have left ? (6) I f he gives h ow m u c h

w ill h e ha v e l e ft ? ( 0 ) A m ong h o w m any per s ons c a n h e

distri b u te th e m on e y giving to e ach person

,
?
d
( ) l f
th is m oney is of the cost of a s u it of clothes h o w m u c h ,

i s the s u it w orth ?
2 A m a n l e ft 3 of his estate to his w ife
. to hi s ,

da u ght e r 1 to his son and the r e st to a hospital W hat

, , .

ar t to t h e hospital ?
p
3 I n one m onth a b u sin e ss m a n rece i ved 4 8 t elephon e
.

calls fro m o u t of to w n and 59 2 in tow n The o u t o f to w n .

- -

calls w ere w ha t part of the total n u m ber ?

4 M r J o slin has fo u r fields w hose are as are
. . A .
,

A 4g A and 4g A resp e ctively

.
, .
, . W hich field is th e
, .

la rge st ? T h e s m alle st ? F i nd the a re a of all .

5 Mr J ackson bo ught 200 fee t of l u m be r at 34} cents

. .

p e r foot and 8 00
, feet at 2} c e nts p e r foot 1
H o w m u ch .

did h e pay for the w hole

6 H o w de e p in the gro u nd is a flagstaff se t if {3 of
. 1

the total l e ngth of 6 5 feet is abov e gro u nd ?

7 A t $ 2 5 per s qu are foot w hat is t h e val u e of a bo x
.
2
,
.

of w indo w glass of 24 lights each li gh t containing 5g ,

s qu are fe et ?
W hat m u st be added to 3% 2% to m ake 1 6 5?
M
8 .

’
9 . r F i e ld s gas bi ll in a m onth w h e n h e b u rn e d
.

24 00 c u bic fe et w as Find the ra te p e r 1 00 c u bi c

feet .

1 0 What is th e profit on
. doz e n bask e ts of pl u m s
bo u ght at {it} and sold at 85% a bask e t
 WR I T T E N P R OBLE M
S 29 5

11 A b uys of B 256 lb of beef

. B b uys of A
.

a b arr e l of flo u r for and 36 0 lb of su gar .

Ho w m u ch m on e y is necessary to se ttl e acco u nts an d ,

w h o m u st pay it ?

1 2 . It tak e s 1 5 yards
of cloth } of a yard w ide to m ak e 4

a dre ss H o w m any yards i f th e cloth is 1 } yards w i de

.

1 3 W hat is the w aste in c u t ting a board 1 4 ft long to

. .

fill n 3 spac s ach 1 5 ft long ?

i e e 4 5 .

1 4 . Th e
prod u ct of three n u m bers i s Two of the
n u m be rs are 6 } and 6 1 1" W hat is th e thi rd
9 4

1 5 A d e ale r p u ts u p a m m onia for ho u se hold

. u se by
add i ng 9 parts of w a te r to one of p u re a m m onia . H ow
m u ch p u r e am m onia in 25 qu arts of th e s ol ution ?

1 6 . H o w m u ch o u ght a m e rchant to ask for goods cost

ing $ 26 a 9 ard to gai n i of th e cost ? To gai n $ 1
'

y
1 7 A t $ 8§ p e r M w hat is the cost of
. b ricks ?
,

18 . 2 7
A t th e rat e of 3 1, tho u sand p e r day for e ach
m ason h o w long w ill it tak e 8 m asons to lay
,

bricks
1 9 . A m e rchant
sold yd of dress goods at a .

yard T w o n i nths of the a m o u nt r e c ei v ed w as profit

. .

W h at w as th e profit ?
20 . boys m ad e a gallon of l e m o na da, u sing 1 6
Two
l e m ons at 3 0 c e nts a dozen and 2 po u nds of s u gar at 6
c e n ts a po u nd Th e y sold it at 5 c e nts a glass 6 glasse s
.
,

’
to a qu art H o w m u ch w as e ach boy s share of the gai n
.

21 S tan dard si lver is 9 parts p ure silve r and 1 part

.

p u r e copp e r ( )
a H o w
. m a n y o u nc e s of p u re s i lv e r in a

q u antity of standard s i lv e r w e i ghi n g 80 o u nces ? b

( ) H o w
296 A D VANC ED A RI TH MT IC E

m any o u nces of p u re copp e r m us t b e add e d to 9 0 ou nce s

of p u re si l ver to m ake a n alloy of standard si lve r ?
F i ll o u t th e follo w i ng pay roll of one roo m
22 . i n th e
Un i on S hoe S hop

The follo w ing state m e nt sho w s th e tim e i n w h i ch

23 .

t w o m e n ca n each do pie c e s of w ork in a m achin e s hop .

F ind the ti m e in w hich the m e n t ogether can do each pi e c e

o f w ork .

( )
1 ( )
2 3
( ) 4
( ) (5) 6
( ) 7
( )
A H Sm i t h 1 da
M
. . .
1 da . 1 da . 2 da . 6 da . 24 da . 34 da .

. T J . o ne s 1 da .
5da . da . 4 da . 1 0 da . 3 § da . 4 } da .

A n oil tank can be e m pt i e d by tw o pip e s i n 8 m i n

24 .

u te s I f the la rge r p ip e alon e i s u sed it tak e s 1 2 m in u t e s

.
, .

H o w long w ill it t ake th e s m all e r o ne alon e

25 T h e s elling pric e of a l o t of land w a s $ 44 0
. Th i s .

w as 3 m ore than it co st
‘ ‘
W ha t w as the cost
.

26 A seri e s of thre e re ad i ngs w as gi ve n to ra ise f u n ds

.

fo r a s u m m e r playgro u nd T he price of t i ck e ts for t h e

.
29 8 ADVANCE D A RI TH MT IC E

3 . T h ree tho u sand tw enty eight ten tho u sa ndths - -

.

4 . T wo h u ndred five h u ndr e d tho u sandths -

.

5 . S eventy tho u sand si x ty one and thirty

- -
tw o tho u
san d ths .

6 . Tw o h u ndred tho u sand tw o h u ndred a nd two h un

dre dths .

R e ad

1 . as di m es ; as c ents .

2 . 3 75 c e nts as di m e s ; as dollars .

3 . $ 21 as di m e s ; as ce nts .

75 d i m e s as c e nts ; as dollars .

4% di m e s as cents as dollars

s
.

as te nths as h u ndredths .

. 67 as t e nths .

°
9 . 256 as te nths ; as h u ndredth s .

9
5 . 1 728 as te nths ; as h u ndre d ths ; as thou sandths .

1 0 . . 3001 as te nths ; as h u ndre dths ; as tho u sandths .

A t s i ght change to co m m on fractions in the i r lo w est

,

te r m s
2 3 4 5 6 7 s 9

2 . . 1 2; . 1 6§ . 33 ; . 37; . 6 2% . 6 63 . 8 7; . 8 3; . 8;

C hang e to co m m o n fract i ons i n th e i r lo w e st t e rm s

1 . . 1 28 z . . 3 25 3 . . 576 4 . . 735

5 . . 0325 6 . . 0225 7 . . 0525 s . . 0045

9 . . 1 8 75 1 0 . . 3375 1 1 . . 56 25 1 2 . . 76 25
 RE V I E W OF M
DE CI ALS 29 9

T el l at sigh t th e de c i m al e qu iva le nts in h u ndredths of

2
1
2 f 3 8
1 6 26 35
6

1 1 1
3 °
3 f 5 t 1 1 15 1 6

p u re d e c i m al s
2 1 3
32
. .

87 9
7 .
1 23
3 .
1 26
C hange to d e cim als carryi n g o u t , the d i vision fo u r de c
i m al places

1 .
g z .
}
4 4 .
{2
1

6 .
1
1 3
7 .
2;
6
fi 9 .
fl
C hange to m i x ed dec i m als
1 . 84 z . 1 22 3 . 1 54 4 . 1 73 5 . 1 91 1
,y

6 . 223 7 . 35g 8 . 9 . 6 4 1 3676 10 . 8 31 -

81 ,
C hange to m ixe d n u m be rs
1 . 2 . 3 . 4 . 5 .

6 . 7 . 8 . 9 . 1 0 .

W rite as pure d e c im al s
1 . . 25 2 . . 35
} 3 . . 6}
x

6 . . 1 8 25
4 7 . s . . 1 2g

W rite as fractions having 1 00 for th e d e no m i nator a nd

th e n change to lo w e s t te r m s
1 . . 025 a . 4 . . 06 3;2
5 . . O7%
6 . . 08 § 7 . . 22% 9 . . 41 g 1 0 . . 71 ;
300 A D VANC E D A RI TH MT ICE

A B

9 09 .

1 04 000 .

1 4 08 1 408 1 04
6 1 7236 2 9 08 706 9 00000 00009
9 09 009 09
9 09 00 .

3 7500 05 1 0208 0006

R e ad alo u d th e n u m b e rs in col u m n s A and B .

Fin d th e su m of col um n A . Of col u m n B .

Subtract e ach n u m b e r i n col u m n B fro m the num

the l e f t of i t in col u m n A .

S I GHT EXERCI S E
1 . M u lti ply by 1 0; by 1 00 ; by 1 000 .

2 . M u ltiply $ 6 75 by . 1 ; by . 01 ; by . 001 .

3 . H o w m any d e c i m al plac e s i n t he prod u ct of

4 x 2? . 5x 3 ? . . 08 x 7 ? 7 x 01 ? . 6 x 004 ?
2 2 3 3
2 ? 02 ? 5 ? 04 ?

4 . F i nd th e prod u cts of
1 x 1 x . 1 1 x 1 x l . . x 1 . 1 x 1 .

1 x 1 x . 01 1 x . 01 x . 01 01 x . 0] x 01

5 . D i v id e 35250 by 1 0 ; 1 00 1 000 .

6 . D iv i de by 1 ; 01 ; 001
. . . .

7 . D i v i de by 4 ; by 4 ; 6 3 . . by 7 . .
3 02 A D VAN C E D A RI TH MT ICE

WRIT TEN PROBLE M S

1 .A n acre of lan d contai ns s q ft . . Ho w many

s qu a re fe e t i n 1 A ? 01 A ? . . . . . 001 A ? .

2 . Mr G rant pai d
. for re cordi ng the d e ed to a
i ece of la nd T h is w a s 1 of w hat he pa i d for l e ga l se r
p . .

vices 01 of w hat he paid for grading and 001 of w hat

, .
, .

h e pai d for th e land H o w m u ch d i d he pay for l egal

.

s e rv i c e s ? F or gradi ng ? For the land ? W hat w as the

t otal e xpense ?
’
3 .Mr G r ee n s property tax is $ 75 and hi s w ater tax
.
,

1 a s m u ch T h e am o u nt of h i s prope rty and w at e r ta x i s

.

01 of the val u e of h i s prop e rty F i nd the val u e of hi s .

p rop e rty .

4 . A tabl e is 75 yd long and 5 yd w i de W hat i s

. . . . .

its ar e a i n s q u are yards ? In sq u are fe e t ? I n s qu ar e

i n ch e s ? I ts p e r i m e t e r i n yards ? I n fe e t ? I n i nch e s ?
5 A st e am boa t m ak e s a tri p of
. 1 47 m i . in hr .

F ind th e sp ee d p e r ho u r .

6 .A p i ec e of cardboard in long and

. in .

w i d e is c u t to a p i e ce 20 i n by . 1 2 in F ind h o w
. m u ch
is w aste d .

7 .A load of coal co n tai ns T For . h o w m any

p o u nds do es t h e w e i gh e r m ak e o u t hi s sl i p ?
8 . W hat a re th e d i m e n si ons of the large st s qu are that
c an be c ut fro m a board 6 75 yd long a n d 6 yd w id e
. . . .

T he ar e a ?
9 . H o w m any
t i m e s m u st a p i e c e of w ir e 02 in in . .

d iam e t e r be w o u nd aro u n d a c i rc u lar p i e c e of st e e l in .

long to e x actly cove r it ?

 WRI TT E N P R OBLE M S 303

1 0 From a far m o f 8 0 A there w ere sold at di fferen t

. .

t i m es 75 of it . 075 of it and 0075 of it

, H o w m any
.
, . .

a cre s w ere l e ft ?

1 1 From another fa rm of 8 0 A there w ere sold

. A . .
,

75 A 075 A .
, and 0075 A H o w m any acres w e r e
. .
, . .

le f t ?
’
12 H e nry started to rid e his bicycle to h is u ncl e s ho m e
.
,

m i a w ay A fte r r i d i ng 38 of th e di stance he broke

. . .
,

a co u pl e of spokes and after rid i ng 8 of the r e m ai ning

, .

distance h e p u nctu red a tire and w alked the rest of th e

w ay H o w far did h e w alk
.

1 3 . b u of w heat are re qu ir e d to m ake a barr e l o f

If .

flo u r h o w m any barrels of flo u r can be m ad e from th e

,

w h e at harv e sted fro m 1 26 0 A prod u c i ng bu an .

, .

acr e ?
14 W hat is t he
.
p eri m eter of a park aro u nd w h i ch
a m an can w al k in .75 hr at th e rate of 05 m i p er
. . .

m in u te ?
A m a n having $ 450 i n t h e bank dre w o u t 3 2 of i t
1 5 . .

a t one t i m e and 1 5 of t h e r e m aind e r at anoth e r

. How .

m u ch had h e s t ill on d e pos i t ?

16 . Two pie ces of copp e r w ire a re 7
32
i n .and 205 in i n . .

d ia m ete r . Which is the large r si ze ? By w hat d e c i m al

of an i nch ?
1 7 A far m er sold his crop of 1 200 bu of p otato e s as
. .

follo w s 1 25 at $ 4 per b u she l 2 at 8 % p e r b u sh e l 25 at

.
, .
,
.

$ 1 6 p e r b u sh e l and t he re m ainde r at $ 3 per b u sh e l

1
,
.

H o w m u ch did he re c e iv e ?
18 A load of fe rtiliz e r w e ighs
. 1 4 75 lb . E xpress th e
w e i ght as the deci m al of a t o n .
 A D VANC E D A RI TH MTIC
E

REVIEW EXERCI S ES

1 .A t sight te ll the l e ast qu ant i ty t hat m u st be add e d

,

to 2} to m ake an i nteger D o th e sam e w ith the other

.

n u m be rs i n the table .

2 .C hange th e co m m on fracti ons to deci m al s an d find ,

the su m of each col u m n O f all t h e col u m ns

. .

3 .C hange the d e c i m als to com m on fractions and find ,

the su m of e ach ro w O f all the ro w s

. .

NO T E . Do a t si gh t as mu c h as possib le of d
th e i n i c ate d w o rk .

1 . Fi n d th e sum of e ach col u m n . Of a ll th e col u m ns .

2 . F i nd the su m of e ach ro w . Of all th e ro w s .

306 A D VANC E D A RI TH MT ICE

4 . H o w m any acres m u st be plant e d to potatoes to raise

b u shels ?
5 . A far me r raised 3 03 tons of oats . H o w m any acres
did he plant ?
6 . H o w m any
cars of a capacity of po u nds e ac h
w ere re qu i red to carry the w heat rais e d on 2500 acres ?

7 . M ake u p proble m s based on th e above table .

REVIEW OF M
EA S URE ENT S M
H o w m any penc ils of a gross i n 1 7g

How m any sheets in 1 0 qu ir e s of paper ?

H o w m any rea m s in 24 qu ires ?
C hange 24 m i n to seconds . .

C hange 34 da to ho u rs. .

H o w m any days i n 1 20 h r ? .

H o w m any ho u rs in a w eek ?

H o w m any score in 70 yr ? . H o w m any d e cad e s ?

H o w m any cent u ries fro m 61 4 B C . . to 1 91 4 A D . . ?

H9 R e p e at th e table of linear or long m eas u r e .

1 1 A table is 2 ft 8 i n long and 1 ft

. . . . 9 in . w i de . Ex
press i ts dim ens i ons in feet In i nche s . .

1 2 . W hat d e ci m al part of a yard is 27 i n

1 3 . H o w m any i nches i n 25 yd ? .

1 4 A stree t i s 1 0 rd long and 6 6 ft

. . . w ide . E xpre ss i ts
l e ngth i n fe et a nd its w idth i n rods .

1 5 . C hange mi . to rods ; 4 00 rd to
. m iles .

1 6 . H o w m any rods in . 1 mi ? .

1 7 . R ep e at t he table of s qu are or s u rface m e as u r e .

 RE VI E W OF MA E SUR E MNT E S 307

18 . W hat is a rectangle ?
1 9 . W hen is a rectangl e a s qu are ?
20 . H o w m any s qu are inches i n {5 sq ft . . I n 5 s q ft
. . .

21 . What part of a s qu are foot is 1 08 sq . in ? .

22 . C hange 1 0 sq ft to s qu are i nches

. . . To s qu are yards .

23 . H o w m any squ are rods in 1 % A ? . In . 6 A ? .

24 . H o w m an y acre s i n 400 sq . rd. ?

25 . Ho w m any 2 i n -
. s qu ares can be c u t f ro m a pi ece
o f pap e r 6 in . s qu are ?
26 . Ho w m any squ are yards in a floor 24 ft by . 1 8 ft ? .

27 . H o w m any acres in a lot 40 rd by . 20 rd ? .

28 . W hat is the per i m e te r of a 2 in

-
. s qu are ? A 6 in-
.

s qu are ?
29 . A she e t of dra w ing pap e r 1 2 in . long cove rs 1 08
sq . in . W hat i s the w idth ?
30 . H o w m any
rods of fenc e will i nclose a field 25 rd .

long w hos e w idth i s 3

; its length ? W hat is the area of t h e

fi e ld ?
Mrs W i nte r has t w o flo w er beds O ne i s 6 4 ft by
31 . . . .

4 ft ; the o th e r is a s qu ar e w ho se p e ri m e t e r i s 24 ft
. .

W hich has the gr e ater ar e a H o w m u ch w i re n e tt i ng w i ll

be re q u i r e d to i nclo se e ach lot ?

32 . H o w m any s qu ar e fe e t in the botto m and sides of a

ta nk 2 ft . by 2 ft by 2 ft ?
. .

A roo m is 20 ft long 1 0 ft w ide a nd 9 ft h igh

33 . .
, .
, . .

W hat is its peri m e ter ? T he are a of t h e w alls T he are a

of th e c e i ling ? H o w m any c u bic fee t i n t he roo m ?
34 . R e peat the table of c ubi c or vol u m e m e as u re .
308 AD VANC E D A RI TH MT IC
E

35 . What is a rectang ular prism ?

36 . W hen is a rectang ular pris m a c u be ?
37 . H o w m any s u r faces ha s a rectang u lar pris m ?

38 W hat is the s u rface

. a rea of a 5 in
-
. c u be Its
v ol u m e

39 The s u rface of a c u be is 24 s q in W hat is th e

. . .

a rea of e ach sid e ? W hat are the di m ensi ons of the c u be

I ts vol u m e ?

40 W hat is the vol u m e of a stone block

. 4 ft by. 3 ft .

b y 2 ft ? I ts s u rface
.

41 A co m m on brick
. 8 in long and
. 2 in . thick contains
64 c u i n What i s its
. . w idth ?

42 The base of a collar bo x cov e rs 1 5 s q

. . in ;. its
c ap acity is 6 0 c u in What is its depth ? . .

43 . H o w m any 2 i n c u be s can be c u t fro m a c ubical

-
.

block of w ood 4 in long ?

.

44 . H o w m any
c u b ic yards of earth are thro wn o ut in
d igging a cellar 30 ft by 27 ft by 6 f t ? . . .

45 . The w ate r is 10 ft deep in a w ell w hose botto m

.

covers 1 2 sq . ft . How m any c u b ic feet of w a te r in the

w ell

46 . W hat is a board foot

47 . H o w m any board fe et in a b oard 1 2 ft long 1 ft .
, .

w ide , and 1 in . th i ck I f 5in thick I f I } in thick

. .

48 . Mr Wh it e b uys 1 00 plan k s each

. 8 ft by 5ft b y
. .

2 in . H o w m any board fe e t
49 . H o w m any feet of i i n flooring m u st be bo u gh t
-
. for
a roo m 20 ft by 1 0 f t allo w i ng i for w ast e ?
. .
,
31 0 A D VANC E D A RIT H MT IC
E

69 . H o w m any b u shels of c a ts in 1 6 feeds of 4 qt . e ach ?

70 . H o w m any c ub ic feet of space does a b u shel occ u py

71 . H o w m any b u shels of b arley can be p u t into a bo x
5 ft . by 4 ft by. 2 ft ?.

WRI T TEN PROBLE M S

1 T elegraph poles are

. 10 rd ap art
. . If
fro m a car
w indo w yo u co u nt 9 pole s i n 20 se c .
, w hat is t h e rate of
travel i n m il e s p er m in u te Pe r ho u r ?
2 . H o w m any rea m s of paper in a p ile 24 in . hi gh, if
there a re 224 sheets to the inch
3 A pict u re
. fra m e
laps over the glass in The 5
1 3
.

glass seen is 22} in by 1 4§ i n What are the dim ens i ons

. .

o f th e glass ?

4 . H o w m any m iles
of w ire w ill b e re qu ired to inclose
a lot 1 20 rd by 9 0 rd if the fence is 4 w ires high ? H o w
. .
,

m any posts set 1 5 feet ap art w ill b e re qu ired to s u ppor t

the w ire ?
5 A real estate dealer bo ught a tract of land contain
.

.
5
ing 5 A for $ 1 08 9 and sold it at 245 per s qu are foot .

W hat w as his p rofit ?

6 Mr Marsh b o u ght an acre of land for 8 600 He
. . .

ga ve of it for a stre et and c u t the rest u p i nto lot s

,

w h i ch h e sold at an average price of p e r s qu are foot .

W hat w a s his gain

7 . A city lot containing 79 8 0 sq . ft has . a frontage of
70 ft .

( )aW hat is its d e pth ?

( )
6 W hat is its val u e at $ 7260 p e r A . ?
 WRI TT E N P R OBL E M
S 31 1

() c W hat is the cost of f e nc i n g t h e back end and

y} of

each Side at per rod ?

d H o w m u ch w ill it cost at 6 0 ¢ per s qu are yard to
( )
lay a side w al k 6 ft w i d e on the street s i de
.

( )
e I f the lot h a s on i t a ho u se 40 ft by 3 0 ft w i th . .

an ell 1 8 ft by 25 ft w hat part of the lot do e s the ho u se

. .
,

c over ?

8 W h e n a lot of land 8 0 rd b y 6 0 rd costs 8 720

. . .
,

w hat o u ght a l o t half as long and h a lf as w i d e to cost ?

9 A t $5 per s qu are (1 00 Sq w hat w i ll it cost to

‘

. .

slate a roof 36 ft long w ho se rafters are 1 8 ft long

.
?
, .

1 0 A m ill is 44 0 ft long and 1 9 8 ft w ide

.
( )
a H o w
. . .

m any a cres do e s it cover ? (6) W hat part of a m ile i s

the di stanc e aro u nd it
1 1 W hat is the vol u m e of a block of m arbl e 5 ft long
. .
,

24 ft w id e and 1 8 in thick ? H o w m any s qu ar e fe e t in

.
, .

the s u rface ?
12 A piazza roof 9 ft 8 in by 4 ft 1 0 in is cov e red
. . . . .

w ith sheets of tin 1 5 in s qu are E ach sh ee t is t u rn e d over

. .

i in on eac h edge to m ak e the j oints

. H o w m any She e ts ? .

1 3 At 8 . per M w hat i s t he val u e of a p il e of br i cks

,

20 ft by 1 5 ft by 1 2 ft each brick be ing 8 in by 4 in

. . .
, . .

by 2 i n ? .

1 4 F i nd th e cost at
. a yard of carpe ting a roo m
1 74 ft long and 1 3 ft w i de w ith carp e t 1 yd w id e
. . . .

1 5 H o w m u ch w o uld it co s t to carp e t the roo m i n

.

proble m 1 4 w i th carpet 27 in w i d e at per yard ? .

1 6 . Ho w m any board fe et in a sti ck of ti m ber 8 ft . long

1 ft . 6 in . w i d e, and 4 % i n th i ck ? .
31 2 A D VANC E D A RI TH MTIC E

1 7A dealer received a carload of oats from the West

.

for w hich h e pai d $ 336 T he i nsid e di m ens i ons of th e .

c a r w ere 28 ft 8 ft and 6 ft 3 i n and th e oats occ u pied

.
, .
, . .
,

the Spac e W hat w as the price per bu shel ?

.

18 At . per s qu are yard find the cost , of laying a

h a rd w ood floor i n a roo m 1 6 4 ft by 1 5 ft . .

1 9 . H o w m any
qu ar e yards of plaste ring in the w alls
s

a nd c e i l ing of a roo m 1 8 ft long 1 6 } ft w i d e and l 0g .

, .
,

ft high and hav i ng 4 w indo w s each 6 ft by 3 f t an d

.
, . .
,

2 doors each 9 ft by 3 ft 9 in . . .

20 ( ). a a ho Bo u ght
use l o t 6 6 ft by 1 3 2 ft at 28 K . .

pe r s qu are foot ; (6) f enced i t at per rod ; ( )

0 lai d
a 6 f t s i de w alk on the front ( 6 6 ft ) at 50/ per s qu ar e
-
. .

yard ; (d) b u ilt a ho u se 44 ft by 33 ft for 8 4200 ; . .

( )
e raised the grade of t h e land not occ u pied by t h e

h o u se 6 i n paying 507 per load for fil ling

.
, What w as .

the total cost

21 A t 6 / per s qu are foot w hat is the cost of tinnin g

.
,

a ta nk 30 in by 21 in by 1 8 in . . .

F i nd the c apacity in b u sh e ls of the follo w i ng bins

LBNGTB WI DT H D E PT H

22 . 20 ft . 1 6 ft . 6 ft .

23 . 24 ft . 21 ft . 10 ft .

24 . 1 5 ft . 1 2 ft . 7 ft .

25 . 4g f t . 4; ft . 5 ft .

26 . 8 ft . 4 in . 3 ft . 6 ft .

27 . 7 ft . 3; ft . 74 ft .

28 . 6 ft . 9 in . 3 ft . 4 in . 4 ft . 3 in .

29 . ft . ft . 4 ft .
31 4 AD VANC E D A RI TH MT ICE

45 A field 4 0 rd long contains 8

. . A . H o w m any
s qu are rods in the fi e ld W hat is its width ?

Fi n d the m issing di m ensions

L NG T WI
E H DT H LE N G TH WI DTH ARE A

46 . 24 ft 1 440 s q ft 47 . . . . 9 ft . 6 sq .
yd .

48 . 20 rd . 2; A . 49 . 32 rd . 9gA .

F i nd th e m issing di m ensi ons

LEN G TH WI D TH HE I GH T M
V OLU E

50 . 1 5 in . 1 2 in . 1 6 20 c u in . .

51 . 2
3 ft . 4 ft . 40 c u ft . .

52 . 4 ft . 6 ft . 1 92 b u .

53 . 3 ft . 6 in . 3 ft . 4 in . 56 bu .

54 . 14 in . 1 1 in . 8 gal .

55 .
7 34 ft . 4 ft . 576 gal .

56 A bin
. 8 ft s qu are has a capacity of
. 256 bu . How
deep i s it
57 . A tan k holding 28 8 gal is 33 ft long and
.
1
. 3 ft .

w i de . H o w de e p
58 . I f a can
in h igh holds 21 . 8 gal .
, w hat m u s t be th e
a r e a covered by the bas e ?

59 A paint m an u fact u rer p u ts u p var n ish i n qu art

.

c a ns The c a ns are 5 i n h igh and

. in long H o w . . .

w ide a r e they

60 Fi nd th e to tal cost of the follo w ing l u m ber u se d

.

for su pporting sheathing floori ng and roo fing an i ne x

, , ,

ns i v e s u mm er ca m p
pe .

28 posts 6 in x 6 i n , . .
,

2000 s q ft p ine Siding . $ 1 7 p er M

.
, .
 T RO Y WE IG HT 31 5

23 75 s q ft sheathing
. .$ 1 2 per M , .

28 00 s q ft b u ilding pap e r
. . per 1 00 s qu ar e fe e t , .

9 00 sq ft su bfio o ring
. . $ 1 2 per M , .

1 9 50 s q ft m atched floori ng
. . $523 p e r M , .

6 6 0 lin e al f e et strips p e r foot , .

1 500 c ypre ss sap s hi ngl e s for gables per M , ,

.

6 1 50 cypr e ss h e ar t shingles for roof p e r M , ,

.

61Mr Hanson has t w o fi e l ds e ach of w hich r e qu i r e s

. .
,

1 44 rd of fence
. O ne fi eld i s 4 5 rd long and the other
. .
,

i s a squ ar e F ind the n u m be r of acre s i n each

. .

62 A far m er h as a fi eld contai ning 1 53 A

. H e fences .

o ff a p i ece 4 0 rd b y 20 r d w h i ch h e plants to corn

. The .
,
.

r e st he u se s as a past u re H o w m any acr e s are plante d ? .

W hat part of the field is u sed as a past u re

63 The floor Space of a c ellar is 32 ft by
. . 27 ft . How
m any c u b ic feet in the w alls w h i ch are 9 ft . high a nd 15
ft thick ?
.

T ROY WE I GHT

Troy w eight is u sed in w e ighing gol d , S ilver and ,

p recio u s ston e s .

T ABLE OF T ROY WE IGHT

F ill th e blank s
1 lb . oz .
p w t . gr .

Troy po u nd contain s576 0 grains ; the A voird u pois

T he

p o u nd 7000 grains
, .
31 6 AD VANC E D A RI TH MT IC
E

The co ins no w m inted by the Un i ted S tates govern m ent

are :
Gold : Q u art e r E agle 8 Half, E agl e ,

E agle 8 D o u bl e E a gl e QB
, ,

Si lver D i m e ; Q u art e r D ollar ; Half D ollar ; D ollar .

Ni ckel : 5 c e n t p iece -
.

Br onz e : 1 c e nt p i ece-
.

1 . G old coins a e 1 6 p u re gold and 3 6 p u re copp e r

r 9 1 .

W hat per c e nt of e ach m e tal i n a gold coin

The standard u n i t of val u e is t he gold dollar wh i c h ,

w e ighs Troy gra i ns .

2 . F i nd th e n u m ber of Troy grai n s of p u r e gold i n a

gold dollar The n u m be r of gra in s of p u re copper
. .

NO T E T he gold doll ar i s not n o w m i nte d

. .

3 . F i ll o u t t hi s tabl e

4 . S il v er co i ns p u re si lve r and 1 3 p u r e c Opp e r

a re 3
1 6
1
.

H o w m any Troy gra i ns of p u r e silv e r i n a s ilver doll a r

w h i ch w e i ghs Troy grai ns
5 . T he 5 cent pi e c e is 3 parts copper and 1 part n i ck e l
-
.

W hat p e r c e nt of e ach m etal in a n i cke l ?

6 . T h e 1 c e nt piec e i s 1 9 parts copp e r and 1 part t i n
-

and zinc W hat p e r c e nt of t he 1 cent p i ece is coppe r

.
-

What per cent tin and zinc ?

31 8 A D VANC E D A RI TH MT ICE

S I GHT EXERCI SE
T ell th e m issing ter m s :

PA R T on V A L UE OF WH O LE PA E T OE V A L UE or

PE R C E NT PA R T on PE E C ENT P A RT
A GE OE R ATE CO ST AGE on BAT E

ORAL PROBLEM
S

1 E v e rett earned
. and sp e nt 20 of it for
b ooks H o w m u ch had
. he l e ft ?
’
2 . Ifacre s or 25
40 , of Mr C art e r s farm is past u re
.
,

ho w m any acr e s in t h e w hol e far m ?

3 . If 10 of a su m of m on e y is 3 30 , w hat i s 1 of
it ? 1 00 or the w hol e ?

4 . boys i n the Marshall S chool

T he w on 5 of the 8
ga m e s of hock e y W hat p e r c ent ?
.

5 . T he boys i n t he P h illip s S chool w on 8 ga m es and

lo st 4 . W hat p e r c e nt di d they w i n
 O RAL P ROBL E M S 31 9

5A farm er ra i se d 72 b u shels O f barl e y and 25

. m ore
bu shels of w heat H o w m any b us h els of w heat ?
.

7 . R andolph old 4 0 p i ge ons

s . I f thi s w a s 25 of his
flock , how m any had h e at first ?

8A cl e rk r e c e i vi ng $ 20 a w e e k had his w ages

.

incre ased 8 5 W hat w as the per c e nt of i ncre ase ?

.

What p e r c e nt of hi s form e r w age s did h e th e n r e c e i v e ?

A n age nt sold
9 . 24 r e ap e rs i n o ne m onth and 1 6 3
,
L

more th e n e x t m onth . H o w m any i n both m onths ?

1 0 . I f in m ak i ng i c e
cr e a m 1 p i nt of cre a m i s m i xe d
w i th 2 qu arts of m i lk w hat p e r c e nt of t h e m i xt u r e is
,

u r e cr e a m ?
p
1 1 . I f the cr e a m costs 40 c e nts a qu a rt and th e m ilk
10 c e nts a qu art , w h at p e r cent of the total cost i s pa i d
for cre am ?
1 2 . If 7 20
of a crop
(
of
0 hay is sold for 8 4 0 , w hat i s th e
v al u e of t h e w hole crop ?

1 3 . H o w m u c h i 8 1 00 % of $ 6 350 ?

1 4 W hat p e r c e nt of a qu ir e of lett e r pap e r is l e ft after

.

1 5 sh e e ts ha ve b e e n u s e d ?

1 5 Mr S ande rs pai d $ 8 0 for a c o w and

. . 5 as m u ch
fo r a Sh ee p H o w m u ch for th e she e p ?
.

1 6 N elson sold
. 80 bo xes of stra w b e r ri es in J u ne and
1 00 bo x e s i n J uly . W h at w as th e p e r c e nt of incr e ase ?
1 7 Mr Marston r uns h i s to u ring car 1 2 m il es on a
. .

gallon of g a sol e n e This i s of th e di stanc e Mr

. .

Bro w n can r u n h i s r u nabo u t on th e sa m e qu antity How .

m any m i l e s can Mr Bro w n r u n his m ach i n e on a gallo n

.

of gasolene ?
320 A D VANC E D A RI TH MT IC
E

18 .W hat pe r c e nt of profit doe s a sel ling price of ,

represent if the cost is

1 9 . M ’
r S trong s w ater t ax enti tles h i m to 5000 gallon s
.

a ye ar W hat p e r cent of hi s allo w anc e i s u n u sed i f he

.

u s e s bu t 3500 gallons ? By w hat per c e n t o u ght his t a x

to be increase d if he u ses 6 000 gallons ?

20 .A ne w s b oy b uys papers at each and sells them

a t a cent apiec e W hat p e r cent doe s he make
.

WRI T T EN P ROBLE MS

1 . A ton of iron ore prod u ced 84 0 lb of iron W hat . .

e r c e nt of th e o re w as iron ?
p
2 . A d e aler in f u rnit u re m ade 30 by selling a side
b oard for $ 52 F i nd the cost
. .

3 . Mr E d w ards bo ught a hors e for $ 1 8 0 k ept hi m

.
,

4 w e eks at a C ost of 357 a day pai d , for shoei ng ,

and th e n sold h i m for 70 m ore than t h e ent i r e cost .

Find the sell i ng pric e .

The st e am e r fare betw ee n tw o places is 751 hi s

‘
4 .
5 .

is 25 l e ss than th e far e by rail H o w m u ch by ra il ?

.

5 . W hat per c e nt of an acre is a lot 1 2 rd by 8 } rd . .

6 . A m a n in v e st e d $ 6 240 in a w oolen m ill an d r e c e ive d

a d i v i d e nd e v e ry thre e m o n th s e qual to 2 of hi s i nve st
m e nt . F i n d his an nu al inco m e .

7 . T h e d i s t anc e by ra il fro m Bu ff alo to C l e v e land

1 8 0 m iles — is 50 of th e di stanc e fro m C le v eland t o
C h i cago H o w m any m i le s fro m Bu ff alo to C h i cago 7
.

8 . A hard w are d e ale r se lls o ne kind of la w n m o w e r

fo r $ 5 a n d anoth e r for $ 6 m ak i ng $ 1 on e ach
, On .

w hich do e s h e m ake the greater per cent ?

322 A D VANC E D A RI TH MT ICE

20 For cash trade a groc e r g i ves checks w hich h e r e

.

d ee m s either in cash or i n goods at th e rate of 50 ¢ for

’
te n dollars w orth of ch e cks Th i s is e q u i v al e nt to w h a t
.

per cent
21 . Out
of the 200 fr ui t tre e s in an orchard 28 w e r e
destroye d W hat .
p e r cent
22 . O ut Of the 200 fr ui t trees in an orchard 28 w e re
d e stroyed . Ho w m any ?

23 . A m e rchant
ord e red 56 0 barre ls of flo u r He re .

c e i v e d 71 of h s order at o ne t i m e and t h e balanc e at

? i
a noth e r t i m e H o w m any barre l s at each sh i pm ent ?
.

24 . W hat i s th e ga in p e r c e nt w h e n lace costi ng

by the 1 0 yd -
. pi e ce i s sold at 36 per yard ?
25 .A sal es m an r e ceiv e s $ 8 0 p e r m onth a nd 24 70 on

a ll sal e s W hat w as h i s i nco m e i n a m onth i n w hich

. hi s
sal e s average d $ 1 50 p e r day and h e w orked 26 days
26Fi nd the cost of a book
. w h i ch s old at g ive s a

p rofit of 1 2

27 . A fter se lli ng 1 87 acres Mr Bak e r had . 32 of hi s

farm l e ft W hat w a s t h e or iginal acr e ag e ?
.

28 A m il k d e aler r u ns t w o del i v e ry t e a m s O ne d is
. .

trib u te s 340 q t da ily This i s 8 5 O f th e qu an ti t v d is

. .

tribu te d by the o ther H o w m any qu arts by both t e am s

.
?

29 . A drov e r bou ght he e p

80 s and sold 4 0 76
of th e m a n d th e re m a i nder for 20 m ore t h a n
th e i r co st . F i nd th e av e rage se ll i ng p ri c e .

30A farm e r k ept 36

. of h i s crop of t u rn ip s fo r h is
stock and sold 1 6 0 bu H o w m a ny b u sh e l s did h e ra i se ?
.
 WRI TT E N P R OBLE M S 323

31 Mr C arpente r pai d 36 8 0 for a ho use and lot

. . .

A ft e r layi ng o u t $ 1 4 8 i n re pa i rs a n d paying a tax b i ll

,

of $ 52 h e r e nte d th e prop e rty for a y e ar at a profit of

,

1 2% on th e Inv e st m e nt F i nd t he i ncom e
. .

32 What p e r c e nt do e s a fr u it d e al e r m ak e i n b u y i ng
.

g rape fr u it at b o x of 5 4 fr u it and s ell i n g th e m

p e r

at th e rate of 3 for a q u arter

33 .Mr Fo ste r has r e c ei ve d th e follo w i ng o ff e rs for a
.

lot of land w hi ch cost h im $ 1 6 50 : (1 ) $ 240 m or e than

h e paid ; ( 2) 1 4 m or e than h e pai d Wh i ch is the .

b e tt e r o ffe r and by h o w m u ch ?
,

34 A n ag e nt e arn e d $ 1 400 i n o ne ye ar and 28 470

.
‘

m or e i n t h e follo w i ng y e ar H o w m u ch i n t h e t w o y ea rs ?
.

35 . a l o t 20 rd by 1 6 rd
On . . s tands a s choolho u s e
9 9 ft by 77 ft
,
. W hat p e r c e nt O f
. t h e lot can be u s e d for

a playgrou nd ?

36 . A farm er bo u ght 76 sh ee p at ap ie c e and sold

th e m for $ 4 1 4 D i d he gai n or lo se ?
. W hat p e r c e nt ?
37 . W hat i s th e gai n p e r c e nt on p e pp e r bo ught at 28 }I

er 4
po u nd and sold at 1 01 p e r 4 o z packag e ?
p
-
.

38 . A hard w are m e rc h ant m ak e s a profit of 4 0 or

3 2F on sa w s Find th e cost
. . The se lli ng pri c e .

39 . A
far m e r sold t w o l ots of w h e at for $ 3 6 0 e ach .

O n o ne lot h e ga i ne d 25 and on th e oth e r he lost 25

D i d he ga i n or los e by the sal e ? H o w m u ch ?

40 A clothi e r has t w o grade s of hat s ; th e ch e ap e r

.

rad e h e b u ys for $ 2 and s e ll s for t h oth r grade

g e e

h e b u y s for a n d s e ll s for $ 3 O n w h i ch grade do e s

.

h e m ak e t h e gr e at e r p e r c e nt of profit ?
324 A D VANC E D ARI TH M E T IC

41 . The follo w i ng stat e m ent of the ele m ents of cost of

a do z en e ggs p u rchas e d i n th e s u m m e r of 1 909 by a

Ne w Y ork cons u m e r i s taken fro m a re port of the Un i ted

,

S tat e s D epartm ent of A gri c u lt u re :

P aid th e far m er i n I o w a
G ross pro fit of Sh i pper
Fre i ght to Ne w Y ork
G ross profit of r e ceive r
G ross profit of j obbe r
L oss fro m candli ng
G ross profit of r e tail e r
C os t to cons u m e r
F i nd th e co st to t he cons u m e r W hat p e r cent of
. th e
cost to th e con su m e r is r e pre se n t e d by e ach i te m ?
42 .Fro m a farm of 50 A . 1 00 sq . rd .
, 3 2 A 1 45 s q
. . rd .

w e r e sold W hat per c e nt ?

.

43 . A m an rece iv ing a sa lary of $ 1 000 had his salary

incre a se d 20 one y e ar and th e follo w ing year had i t
,

r e d u c e d 20 What w as h i s salary th e n ?
44 A t a forc e d sale handk e rchiefs costing $ 72per c a s e
.
, ,

of 6 gross w e r e sold for

, p e r doz e n Wha t w a s t h e .

loss p e r cent ?
45 . A far m e r rais e d 355 b u of on ions O ne fifth o f
. .

the m w e r e u nsalabl e ; 25 of th e re m ai nd e r w ere fro z e n

d u r i ng th e w i nte r W hat p e r c e nt of hi s crop co u ld h e
.

sell ? H o w m any b u sh e ls ?
46 . Mr Barton bo u ght an ov e rcoat for $ 24 T he co st
. .

o f h i s ov e rco a t w a s 75 of the cost of h is s u it H o w .

m u ch did h e pay for both ?

 T he foll o wi ng ta ble is ta k e n fr o m a b ull e tin iss u e d b v
t he D e pa rtm e nt of Ag ri c u ltu re

Su n - LE o r PAE H E E S
J 30,
'
MIL E

n s .
R E C O E D PO E ONE
l o A UG UST 6 , A l
‘ ‘

. .
WE E K ,
m :

1 F ind the to tal n u m ber of po u nds of m ilk gi ve n d u ri ng

.

the w eek by each c o w By t h e herd (K e e p ans w ers )

. . .

2 . F ind th e total n um ber of pou n ds of b u tte r fat pro

d uc e d by each co w By the herd
. .

3 . A t 24
a p o u n d w hat w as the val u e of
, th e b u tte r
fat p rodu ced by each c o w ? By the herd
 CO MI I
M SS ON 327

CO M
MI S S ION om ;

G oods sent to an agent to be sold a re a consignment ;

t h e person s e nd i ng th e goods is t h e c on signor ; and th e
p e rson to w ho m the goods are s e nt i s th e c onsignee .

W hat i s co m m issi on ?
D e fin e gro ss p roc ee ds Ne t proc e e d s
. .

T hepr inc ipl e s o f pe rc e ntage apply to probl e m s i n

co m m is si on .

T h e gross proceeds a re th e W hol e or th e bas e .

The co m m i ssi on
a re th e part or t h e p e rc e ntag e .

T h e n e t proc e e d s
T h e rate of co mm i ss i on i s th e val u e of th e part or
th e rate p e r c e nt .

1 .The gross proc eeds are $ 250 ; the co m m i ssi on

F i nd the net proc e e ds .

2 . T he gross proc e eds are $ 275 the net proc e eds $ 26 0 .

Find the co m m i ssi on .

3 The ne t proce e d s
. a re $ 4 32; th e co mm ission $ 1 8 .

Find the gros s proc e e ds .

4 . F i nd th e proc ee ds w h e n
ne t th egross proc e eds are
$ 350, th e charges for cartage and th e com m ission
$14 .

5 . far m e r sold for a neighbor 5 pigs at $ 8 e ach and

A
r ec ei ved 1 0 of t he m o ne y for h is t ro u bl e F i nd the .

gross proc ee ds ; th e co m m i ssi on the n e t proc e eds .

 AD VANC E D A RI T H MT I
E C

6 . R alph
re c e ive d $ 2 for s e ll i ng 1 00 packag es of te a at
1 0 c e nts a packag e Th is w as w hat p e r c e nt co m m issi on
.

7 Mr D odge s e n t to h i s ag ent a ton of cabbage w h i ch

. .

’
t h e age nt sold at p e r h u ndr e d w e i ght T h e ag e nt
. s
co m m i ss i on w as 1 0 and th e fre ight and cartag e charges
$4 . F i nd th e n e t proc e e ds .

8 A l a w ye r w a s g iv e n an acco u nt of $ 200 to coll e ct

. .

H e coll e cte d 75 of th e accou nt and charge d a fe e of

10 of th e a m o u nt coll e cted Fi nd h is co m m i s si on
. .

T h e n e t proc e e ds .

9 A co m miss i on ho u se reta i ns $ 5 a nd r e m i ts $ 9 5 t o
.

t h e cons i gnor W hat pe r c e nt do e s th e ho u se charge fo r

.

its Se rvi c e s ?
1 0 A re al e stat e agen t charged $ 200 for se lling a far m
.

for $ 4000 Find th e rate of co m m i ssi on

MC
. .

1 1 . s rec e ives a com m i ssi on of $ 6 0 for s e ll i n g

r. as
’
a far m e r s h ors e s This is 1 0
. of the se lling pri ce .

F ind the s elli ng pric e .

ORAL OR WRI T T EN EXERCI SE S

F i nd the c o m m ission a nd t he net proc e e ds on th e fol

l o w i ng sal e s

AM O NT SA S
U or LE
3 30 A DVANC E D A RI TH MT IE C

7 . and G ate s co m m issi on m e rchants charg e d

Baker , ,

for selling 76 barrels of potato e s at p e r

barr e l F i nd t h e p e r c e nt of th e ir co m m issi on
. .

Mr G arvin sent a sh ip m e nt o f 1 250 ba sk e ts of grape s

8 . .

to a co m m i ss i on ho us e w h i ch th e ho u s e sold at 1 4 c e nts
,

e a ch charg i ng a co m m iss i on of 25
,
F i nd th e gross
proceed s ; the co m m i s sion ; the am o u nt re m i tt e d to Mr .

G arvi n .

9 Mr S lade n se nt 240 b u sh e ls of pe ar s to D avis and

. .

Fros t co mm i ssion m e rchan t s F i fteen p e r c e n t of th e

, .

S h i p m e n t w a s w orthl e s s a n d t he r e m a i nd e r w a s sold a t 75¢

,

’ 1
a b u sh e l F ind D a v i s a nd Fros t s co m m issi on at 3 2
.

1 0 C on sign m e nt
. po u n ds of fis h ; cons ig n or
, ,

C H Ri ple y ; cons ign e e s March and S tr ee t ; selling pr i c e

. .
, ,

5 ’
6 1 p e r po u nd ; e x pr e ss charg es con si gne e s se r ,

vi ce s , Find th e p e r c e nt of th e gross proce e d s

re m i t t e d to th e con si g n or .

1 1 Mr C ro ss t e legraph e d h i s ag ent to b u y 225 barre ls

. .

of flo u r at th e m arket rate I f the m ark e t rate w as .

e r b a rr e l h o w m u ch d i d Mr C ro s s r e m i t to pay for th e
p , .

’
p u rcha se a nd t he ag e n t s co m m i s si o n of 3
’
1 2A n age n t hav i n g on hand $ 2000 of h i s e m ploy e r s
.

m o n e y r e c e i v e s i n str u ctio n s to b uy 5000 yards Of m u sl i n .

H e b u y s a t 32¢ a yard and charg e s a co m m issi on of 3

’
H o w m u ch O f h is e m plo ye r s m o n e y h a s he st ill on hand ?
1 3 . W h at p e r c e nt co m m is si on is charg e d by an age nt
w ho re tai ns and r e m it s to h i s e m ploye r ?
W hat p e r c e nt i s charge d by a
1 4 . fi rm for s e lli ng a
con si gn m ent of on i ons for $ 274 i f is r e m i tted t o
t he con si gnor ?
 CO MRCIAL
M E OR T RA D E DI SC OUNT 331

1 5 .Mr S haw bou ght apples at

. a barr e l w h i ch b e
sh i pp e d to a co m m i ss i o n fi rm at a n e xp e ns e of 20 c e nts a
barr e l T h e fi rm sold the ap pl e s at
. a barr el charg ,
~

’
i ng a co m m iss i on of 2 F i n d Mr S ha w s ga in o n 1 50
.

barr els .

1 6 Mr P atte rson told h is ag e nt to sell a p ie c e of prop

. .

e rt for not l e ss tha n $ 3 6 00 agr ee ing to pay hi m $ 1 00

y , ,

and 25 70 of th e am o u n t r e ce i v e d i n e x c e ss of 36 00 T he .

age nt sold th e property for 39 8 0 H o w m u ch sho uld the

.

age nt re m i t to Mr P atte rson ? .

CO M
MER CI AL OR T RADE D IS COUNT
A ny d e d u c tion fro m an am o u nt d u e or fro m a standard
or fi xe d pri c e i s a d is co u n t .

A d e du ct i on fro m th e l ist pric e of goods i s comm er ci a l

or tr a de di sc o unt .

Man u factu r e rs and W hol e sale rs i ss u e catalog u e s and

pri ce l i sts of t h e i r goods fro m wh i ch d i s co u nt s a re
allo w e d to re tail e rs By vary i ng th e d i s co u nts pri c es
.
,

m ay be chang e d w i tho u t t h e e x p e ns e of i ss u i n g n e w
catalog u e s and di ff e r e n t d is co u nt s m a y be gi v e n d ep e n d e n t
,

on th e qu a nti ty of good s p u rch a se d .

pri nc ipl e s of p e rc e ntage apply to probl e m s

T he
d i sco u nt .

T h e li st p ri c e i s th e w hol e or th e base .

T h e d i sco u n t i s th e part or th e p e rc e n tag e .

The rat e of d i sco u nt is t h e val u e of t he part

the rat e pe r c e nt .
3 32 A D VANC E D A RI TH MT IE C

WRITTE N P ROBLE M
S

1 A hi gh school bo u ght 7 typ e w ri te rs l i st e d at $ 75 at

.

a d isco u nt of 4 0 H o w m u ch w a s pa i d
2 Fi nd th e n e t pri c e of 1 4 d o z e n tabl e kn i ves at
.

e a c h at 5 , d isco u nt .

3 A groc e r bo u ght 6 cas e s o f c e r e al 3 doz e n package s

.
,

t o a ca se at 1 2 c e n t s p e r packag e l ess 20
, H o w m u ch
,

d i d h e pay
4 . M A ppl ton
r. e w as o ff e re d a se t of e ncyclope di as
( 8 ol u m e s) at
v
p e r vol u m e w ith a d isco u nt of 1 5
F i nd t h e ne t pri ce of th e se t .

TH E NA T I O NA L SEE D C O PA NY M
D e al e r s i n Far m Su ppl i e s
1 242 S tat e S tr e et
T erm s
Ne t 60 d ays
, ST L O U I S A pr i l 7 1 9 1 1
.
, , .

C ash 5% o ff
M M
,

S O LD TO J A E S P H ARR I SO N
.
, H A NNI BA L, O.

Japan e se M ill e t
T i m othy
T u rn i p
L e ss 570

5 C o m ple t e th e above bill m ak i ng the proper

.
, di s
c o u n t for pay m e nt on d at e of p u rchas e .
3 34 A DVANC E D A RI TH MT IC
E

net price at s ight

D IS O N
C U TS S
LI T PR I CE DI S OUN S
C T

4 . $ 48
25 1 247. a . $ 36
a .
$ 60 25 7
(
0 ,

1 0 . 532 5o % , s5 %

1 2 . 530

WRITTEN P ROBLE M
S

1 Fi n d the n e t a m o u nt of a
. bi ll for $ 4 8 0 w i th suc
c e ssi v e d i sco u nts of 25 and 20
2 . A m e rchant b uys goods w hos e li st pric e is $ 1 08 0 .

Fin d th e n e t pr i c e if he i s allo we d di sco u n ts of 334

20 and 3

3 . A c i ty b u y s 1 00 school de sk s and s e ats l i ste d at ,

p e r d e sk and s e at F i nd t h e n e
. t cost i f d i s co u nts
of 25 and 1 0 a re allo w e d .

4 . F i nd th e n e t a m o u nt of a b ill for 50 geograph i es

a nd 80 ari th m eti cs w i t h disco u nts of

1 64 a nd 3

5 O n Au g 7 a m e rchant b u ys
. . hard w ar e to the a m o u nt
o f $ 8 50, w i th d i sco u nts of 20 and 1 0 and pa i n t s to
t h e a m o u nt of $ 1 36 0 w i th d i sco u nts of 25
, and 1 5

A n e xtra d is co u nt of 5 i s to be allo w e d if pa i d w i th i n
1 0 days H o w m u ch W ill se ttl e both acco u nts on Au g 1 5
. .

O n Au g . 20

6 . A m e rican C oal M i n i ng C o allo w s a disco u nt

T he .

Of 1 6
4 to p u rc h a s e rs of 500 tons and 1 6
4% and 1 0 ,

to p u rchasers of 1 000 tons F i nd th e ne t pri ce per ton i n

.

e ach cas e i f t h e price at th e m i n e i s p e r ton .

 I NSURANC E 335

7 . T wo
d e alers in far m i m ple m ents adverti se plo w s at
$ 32 O ne d e aler g i ve s d isco u nts of 25
. and 25 Find
h i s net pric e T h e oth e r gives disco u n ts of 30 70 and
.

20 F i nd h i s ne t pri ce .

8 .A m an u fa ct u re r of clothi ng l i sted a c e rtain grad e

of su it at $ 24 b u t told hi s cl e rk to allo w d isco u nts o f
,

25 and 1 5 70 The cl e rk call e d th e t w o di sco u nts e qu al

to a si ngle d i sco u n t of 4 0 H o w m u ch di d t h e d e a l e r
e xp e ct to rec e i ve for the goods ? H o w m u ch di d he
r e c e i ve ?
9 A contractor r e c e i v e d the follo w ing bi d s for stru c
.

t u ral ste e l gird e rs : $ 3750 w i th di sco u n ts of 1 5

, and

5% $ 3 6 8 0 w i th d i sco u n ts of 1 0
, and 1 0 % $ 38 00 ,

w i th a disco u n t of 20 W h i c h bi d did h e acc e pt

1 0 F i nd th e a m ou nt re quired to s e ttle th e b ill for t he
.

follo w ing goods

A T IC L S
R E G O SS CO ST R D I S O NT S C U

L ac e $ 88 30 a nd 5 70
T h re ad 20 and 1 0
H a n dk e rchiefs 3 34 and 20
Ho se 3 75 20 and 5
P ri nts $ 1 28 0 25 and 1 5

I NS URANCE
A co nt ract for prot e ct i o n aga i ns t lo ss i s i nsu r a nce .

Th e re a re t w o k i nds of i ns u ra n ce p er son a l i nsu ra nc e

a nd i
er t
n ra n ce
p p y
ro su .

P e rso nal i n s u ra n c e i s of vari o u s kinds as for i nstanc e

, . ,

prote ct i on agai n s t
L oss of l fe
i — l i fe i ns u ranc e .

L os s of health — h e al th in su ranc e .
336 AD VANC E D A RI TH MT IC
E

’
L oss by accident to on e s pe rson —
accide nt in suranc e .

P roperty insu ranc e i s a lso of vari o u s kinds as f o r

, , , ,

instanc e prote ct i on aga inst :

,

L oss by fire fi re i ns u ranc e .

L o ss by m arine d isasters m ar i ne in s u rance .

L oss of cat tle e t c — li v e s tock i nsu ranc e

, .
, .

L oss by b u rglary — b u rglary i n s u ra nc e .

The w ritte n contract given by t he i nsu r e r to the i n

su re d i s the p oli cy T he policy is w r i t te n for a state d
.

p e riod of ti m e The am o unt agree d to be pa i d i s t h e f a c e

.

of th e pol i cy .

T h e parti e s w riting th e contrac t a re th e u n d erw r i ter s .

The price pa i d for in su rance i s the p r em i u m .

T h e rate of in s u ranc e m a y be e xpr e sse d as a rate p e r

cent or as so m u ch per $ 1 00 or $ 1 000 of i n su ranc e
,
.

Th u s t h e rate of i ns u ranc e on a p ie c e of prope rty i s

,

sa i d to be 1 4 $ 1 00 or e r $ 1 000
p e r p ,
.

ORAL P ROBLEM
S

1 . Find the pr e m i u m for i n su r i ng a ho u se agai nst fi re

for $ 2000 a t 1 4
2 .At 1 h o w m u ch m u st a m e rchant p a y for i nsu r
ing h is stock of dry goo ds w orth $ 4500 for 4 O f i ts val u e
338 A D VANC E D A RI TH MT IC
E

F i nd the rate
FA PO L I CE o r CY PR E M
I M
U PRE M
I M
U

1 . $ 28 00
3 .
$ 56 00
5 . $ 3400

WRITTEN P ROBLE M
S

1 W hat is the
. pre m i u m
for ins u ri g a plate glas s n -

wi ndo w for $ 250 at 4

2 T h e u nd e r w riters agre e to i n su re a ho u s e for $ 3500
.

for five years at 1 4 F ind the p re m i u m .

3 . T he face of a pol i cy i s $ 1 8 00 ; the pre m i u m ,

W hat i s t he rate of in s u ranc e ?

4 . A far m e r i nsu re d his ho u se for $ 2200 at 470 , and

h is barn and stock for $ 1 9 00 at What w as the

r e m i um

MA r
p
5 . r. m strong
ins u res hi s ho u s e for $ 3000 agai n st
fi re for fi v e y e ars pay i ng a pr e m i u m of
, Find t h e
rate of i ns u ranc e
MLa
.

6 . r. insu r e d h i s hors e for $ 8 50 at

ne 60 cents p e r

$ 1 00 . Wh a t w as th e pr e m i u m ?
7 W hat pre m i u m
. w ill in su re afe sh ipm e nt of 6 00
th e s

barre ls of flo u r w orth p e r barre l i f th e rate i s 4 7 7

0
‘

8 A d e al e r i n a g ri c u lt u ral i m pl e m e n ts h as a stock of
.

goods w orth w h i ch h e i n su r e s f o 80 % of i ts r

valu e at 4% F i n d th e pre m i u m
M
.

9 . On Mr E d w ard L Blai sdell i ns u re d

ay 1 , 1 9 1 0, . .

hi s ho u se for $ 2750 at 4 O n J u ly 4 1 9 1 1 the ho u s e , ,

w a s b u rn e d O n J u ly 3 0 1 9 1 1 t h e i n su rance co m pany
.
, ,
 T AX E S 3 39

sent a che ck to Mr Blaisdell for his ins u rance W hat

. .

w as the am o u nt of th e check ? What w a s the loss to the

c o m pany

1 0 A stor e ho u se is i ns u re d for
. i n each of t w o
co m pa ni e s I f th e b u ilding i s da m age d by fi re to th e e x
.

t e nt o i g of th e i n s u re d val u e ho w m u ch o u ght e ach c o m

t
,

pany to pay one co m p any b e ing li abl e for tw o th i rds of

,

the los s
1 1 Mr Q u i nn pa i d 75 c e nts to s e c u re th e safe deli very
. .

o f a packag e i n Ne w Y ork I f t he rate w as. w hat

val u e w as plac e d on the packag e ?
1 2 A cargo of w h e at v al u e d at $ 76 00 and i ns u re d for
.
,

i of i ts val u e at 2? w a s lo st at se a W hat w a s the loss

.

to th e o w ners ? To th e u nd e r w riters ?
1 3 At
. Mr Wi lb u r paid a pre m iu m of $ 1 8 for i n
.

s u r i ng his prop e rty for of s val u e F i nd th e fac e o f

g i t .
.

th e pol i cy Find the val u e of th e prop e rty

. .

1 4 . A
b u s ine ss block i s ins u r e d for i n o ne c o m
pa ny fo r , i n anothe r a n d for , i n a t hi rd .

I f th e b ui ld ing is da m age d by fi re to th e e x t e nt of 4 0 of

t h e i ns u ranc e w hat a m o u nt w ill e ach co m pany pay to the

,

o w ne r
X
TA E S

To wn s citi e s co u nti e s and stat es ra i se m oney to pay

, , ,

th e i r e x p e n se s by m e ans of a tax .

T h e p e0 p 1 e i n to w n m e e t i ng or thro u gh th e i r r e pr e se nt
a tiv e s d e t e r m i n e w hat e x p e ns e s s hall b e i n c u rr e d a nd ,

t he su m o f m o n e y to be r a i s e d to m ee t th e m .
o

T a xes th u s l e v i e d a re ch i e fly of t w o k i nds
340 AD VANC E D AR I T H E T I C M
1 . A p o ll ta x This i s a ta x levi e d dire ctly u pon a n
.

i ndivid u al I n m ost stat e s e very m ale c i t i z e n over 20

.
,

ye ars of age i s su bj e ct to this ta x .

2 A p r op er ty ta x
. This is a ta x le vied u pon an in d i
.

’
v i d u al s prope rty .

For p u rposes of ta xation prope rty is se parated i nto tw o ,

classes :
1 . P roperty e as i ly m o v abl e su ch as m oney stocks , , ,

bonds f u r ni tu re cat tle e tc Th i s is k n o w n as p erson a l

, , , .

er t .
p p
ro y
2 P roperty not
. e asily m ovable s u ch as lan ds b u i ld
, ,

ings railroads e tc
, , . This i s kno w n as r ea l p rop erty o r
r ea l e sta te .

P e rs on s appo i nt e d to e st im at e th e val u e of p rop e rty for

p u rpos es of ta xat i on and to de term i ne t h e am o u n t e ach
pe rs on is to pay a re a ssessors ,
.

Th e e sti m at e d val u e of t he propert y on w h i ch the t a x

is to be l e vi e d i s the va lu a ti on .

Prope rty i s u su a lly e sti mate d at a l i ttle l ess th an its a c tu al l

va u e .

T he rat e of t ax ation is al w ays a c e rtain p e r c e nt o f t h e

v al u at i on .

I f th e a m o u nt to be rai se d is e qu al to 01 6 of th e v al u a .

t i on th e rate i s spoken of as 1 6 m ills on a dollar or

, ,

on a h u ndre d dollars or $ 1 6 on a tho u sand doll a r s o rl g

, ,

of the val u at i on .

1 A t ax of 1 7 is w hat am o u nt on $ 1 ? On $ 1 00 ?
1 6
.

O n $ 1 000 ?
2 . W hat is rate of tax ation w h e n th e
th e ta x is $ 2 p e r
$ 1 00 $ 25 p e r 33 1 000 ? 1 8 m i ll s p e r $ 1 ?
342 AD VA NC E D A R I T H E T I C M
3 The val u e of the real prop e rty is
. the
v al u e of the p e rsonal pr o per ty is I t is n ec e S a

sary to ra is e What rate m u st be declared ?

Find th e rate of taxation and the , ta x per 851 000 :
V A L U A T IO N To BE R AI SE D BY T A:
ON PR O mm “
Real E state Perso nal E state

5 .

7 .

8 . T he
of su m i s to be raised in a to w n w h e r e
th e re a re 2456 m ale c i ti zens abov e 20 years of age I f .

each poll i s assessed $ 2 w hat a m o u nt is to be raise d o n

,

property ?

F ind th e rate of tax ati on

TAx Po m Ass t ssnn
V A L UA N T IO
TO 3 2

R AxsnD Ar
s

8 2 E A CH
Real E state Personal E state

9 . 97

1 0 . 117

1 1 .

1 2 .

1 3 Mr W h it e o wns prope rty valu e d at $ 78 00 Fin d

. . .

h i s tax if the rat e i s 1 1 0 7 on prop e rty and he pays a

7
0 , .

p oll t a x of $ 2 .

1 4 . ry poll i s asse ssed $ 2 w hat is the to tal tax o f

If eve ,

a m an w hos e re al e state is a ssesse d at $ 44 00 and per son a l

e stat e at $ 3 6 00 in a to w n w h e r e t h e ta x rate i s
,

p e r $ 1 000 ?
 PR OBLE M S 359

5 . $ 1 250 . C LE V E LA ND O HIO A pril

, , 9, 1 9 1 1 .

Thre e afte r date I prom ise to pay S am u e l

m onths ,

B Oo p so n or ord e r T w elve H u ndred F ifty D ollar s

.
, , ,

w ith i nterest at 7

SM
V al u e received .

I T H B R A I NE Y . .

Blank for m s l i k e the above a re g e n e rally use d i n m ak

ing o u t not e s .

T ell w hat i s to be w ritt e n in e ach of th e spac es indi cat e d

by th e le tte rs a to i .

S t u dy th e form u ntil yo u can w r it e a note .

P R OBLE MS
1 . On J an . 27, 1 9 1 1 Joh n Y P e te rso n of Ne w Y o rk
,
.

bo u gh t good s to th e val u e of $ 8 4 0 f ro m K i ng a n d C r o ss ,

g i v i n g i n p a y m e n t th e r e for h i s not e d u e i n thr e e m o n t h s ,

w i t h i n te r e s t a t 6
W r it e t h e note .

W h a t a m o u nt m u st Mr P e te rs on pay w h e n th e n ote
.

b e co m e s d u e ?
3 60 A D VANC E D AR I T H E T I C M
O n w ha t dat e m u st i t be settl e d ?
2 . On D ec . 1 3, 1 9 1 0, Wi ll ia m K P ond of C lev elan d
.

b o u g ht l u m b e r w orth $ 4 86 of t he North e r n L u m b e r
C o Mr P ond ga v e a w ritte n pro m ise to pay i n 4
. .

m onths w i th i nt e r e st at
,

M
W ri te the pro m ise .

W hen o u g ht r P ond to pay the note ? .

H o w m u c h m u st M r P ond pay ? .

3 .A ug 27 1 9 1 1 A r th u r S W alto n of Tre nton

On .
, , .
,

N J bo ught $ 1 750 w ort h of coal fro m th e W e stern C oal

. .
,

’
Co F o u r h u ndre d dollars w a s pai d i n cash and a 1 0 d a ys
.
,
-

n ot e g i ve n for the balanc e w i t h interest at 7

. ,

W r ite the note .

W ho is t he pay ee in the note ?

W h e n sho u ld t h e n ote be paid ?
H o w m u c h w as r e qu ired to s e ttl e t he not e
Mak e o u t notes fro m th e follo w i ng condi tions u sin g ,

t h e na m es of so m e frie nd as pay e e and yo u r o w n nam e as ,

m ak e r F ind t he date of m at u rity and co m p u te t h e

. ,

a m o u n t d u e on t h a t dat e .

F ACE D ATE

4 . $ 250 May 1 2, 1 9 1 1
5 . $ 4 75 D ec . 3, 1 9 1 0
6 . $ 6 93 F eb 24, 1 9 1 1
.

'

7 . $ 8 46 J u ne 7 1 9 1 1 ,

8 . $ 8 20 May 1 9 1 9 1 1 ,

9 . $ 1 272 Mar 1 1 1 9 1 1
.
,

1 0 . $ 1 436 J u ne 7 1 9 1 1 ,

1 1 . $ 1 08 4 A pr il 1 4 1 9 1 1 ,

1 2 . $ 1 3 27 J an . 26 , 1 9 1 1
1 3 . $ 1 728 A u g 3, 1 9 1 1
.
36 2 AD VANC E D AR I T H E T I C M
C o m p u t e the a m o u nt each m ust pay at the end of the
tim e nam ed .

W rite n ot e s co m plying w ith the follo w i ng con ditions

a n d co m p u te th e a m o u nt du e at settle m ent
1 7 S e pt 1 5 1 91 1 Mr J a m e s 0 Mast e r of Fai rfie l d
. On .
, , . .
,

Ky bo u ght 6 co w s at $ 9 0 e ach fro m hi s n e i ghbor M r

.
, , .

H e nry R D u ncan He pa i d do w n $ 250 and gave a note

. .
,

d u e i n 4 m onths w i th i nt e rest at 5 for t h e balance .

1 8 Mr Henry Q Sum m e rs gav e a d e m and note for

. . .

$ 6 000 to S m i t h and Jack s on on J u n e 1 7 1 91 1 agr e e in g , ,

t o pay i nt e r e st at t h e r ate of 8
P ay m ent w a s d e m ande d S e pt 29 1 9 1 2 .
, .

1 9 Mr A rth u r B C ady wh o o w ns a fish ing v e ss e l

. . .
,

w orth $ 4200 sells a thr e e s e venths i nt e r e st to Horac e C

,
-
.

Ri dlon acc e pting i n pay m ent a not e d u e i n 6 m onth s w ith

,

i nt e re st at 5

20 . I m agin e that
and o n e of yo u r play m at es o w n a
yo u

tract of lan d contain ing 1 5 acre s Bu y h is Share at 1 20 .

per acr e ; pay g of th e pri c e do w n ; and gi v e a note for

6 0 days w i th i nterest at 6 for th e balance .

21 Mr Bu rn s b uys at a u ct i on 6 lots of lan d av e ragi n g

. .
,

8 000 s q ft e ach a t 7? p e r s qu are foot pay i ng do w n $ 25 on

. .
, ,

e ach lot and g i v i ng a not e for th e bala nce d u e in 6 m onths ,

at

22 Y o u sell a w ood lot for $ 800 to t w o parti e s A B

.
, . .

a nd C D w h o g i v e a not e d u e i n 8 m o nths w i th i nt e rest

. .
,

at 5 W r i te a not e i n w h i ch e ac h i s r e spons ible f o r

p ay m e nt A not e in .w h i ch each is respon s ible for pay
m e nt of one half of the not e .
 BANK D I SC O UNT 36 3

BAN K D ISCOUNT

On A pril 1 3 1 9 1 1 Mr C lark G R u n nal s b u ys goods

, , . .

of Mr Bak e r F G rant to the a m o u nt of $ 300 g iv ing t he

. .
,

above note in paym ent Mr G rant w ishing to u se at . .

,

once the m oney r epre s e nte d by th i s note asks a bank t o ,

b u y it The bank being sati sfi e d that both th e m ak e r

.
,

a nd the holder are r e li able p e rs on s agre e s to p u rchase i t , .

A ft e r Mr G rant i ndors e s th e not e the bank acc e p ts i t

.
, ,

and pays to Mr G rant the su m nam e d i n th e note l e ss th e

.

inte re st for s i x ty days $ 300 $ 3 $ 29 7 Th is i s dis

. .

cou n ti ng the n ote T h e bank i s n o w th e o w n e r of th e not e

. .

M
W h e n th e not e b e com e s du e (6 0 days a fte r A pr il 1 3 o r ,

on J u n e r R u nn al s m u s t pay to t h e bank i nst e a d

.
,

of to Mr G rant th e su m n am e d i n th e note
.
, .

T h e su m d e d u ct e d from th e fac e of the note by th e ban k

for i ts se r v ic e s i s th e ba n k di scou nt .

Th u s $ 3 i s the bank d i sco u nt on th e above note

, .

Bank d i sco u nt i s s i m pl e i nt e r e st on th e val u e of a not e

w h e n i t b e com e s d u e or ma tu r es ,
.
36 4 A D VANC E D A R I T H M IC ET

T he f
va lu e o a n ote a t m a tu ri ty i s i ts fac e val u e i f non
in te r e st b e a ri ng ; i ts face plu s th e
-
i n te r e st for t h e t i m e
na m e d i f i ntere st b e ari ng -
.

Thu s the val u e at m at u ri ty of a not e for $ 6 00 du e in

,

6 0 days w i tho u t i nter e st i s $ 6 00 ; $ 6 00 $ 6 or $ 6 06 i f , ,

b e ar i ng i nt e r est .

T h e a m o u nt pa i d by th e ban k for t he note i s t he p r oc ee d s

o r a va ils ; th is is t he valu e of th e note at m at u r i ty le s s th e
ban k disco u nt .

Thu s $ 29 7 i s th e proc e e ds of th e abo v e n ot e

, .

T h e dat e w h e n a not e b e co m es d u e or m at u re s i s the , ,

d a te f
o ma tu r i ty .

T he date of m atu ri ty i s fo u nd as follo w s

1
( ) W h e n a not e i s g i v en for a s p e c i fi e d n u m ber of
m o n ths th e n u m b e r of m onths i s add e d to t h e dat e of t h e
,

not e .

Th u s a note for t wo m onths dated J u ly 1 6 b e com e s du e

,

o n th e corr e spond i ng day of th e se cond m o nth aft e r ; that

i s on S e pt 1 6
, .I f dat e d J u ly 31 and d u e i n t w o m onth s
.
,

t h e date of m at u ri ty i s S e pt 3 0; that i s Si nc e th e re a re n o t
.
,

e no u gh days in S e pt e m ber to corr e spo n d w ith t h e th i rty fi r s t -

d a y of J u ly the not e b e com e s d u e on th e la st day of

,

S ept e m b e r .

h n a ot g i v n for a p e c i fi e d n u m b e r of days
( )
2 \V e n e i s e s ,

t h e e x act n u m b e r of d ays i s add e d to th e d a t e of th e not e .

Th us a n ot e for 6 0 day s dat e d D e c 28 i s du e e x actly

,
.

6 0 days af te r D e c 28 or on F e b 26 .
, . .

T h e ter m of di sc ou n t i s th e t i m e fro m th e d at e w h e n t h e
not e i s di sco u nt e d u n til it be co m e s d u e .

Not e s a re q u i te g e n e rally d i sco u nt e d on th e (lay m ad e ,

b u t m a y b e d is co u n t e d a t an y t i m e be for e m atu r i ty .
3 66 A D VANC E D A R I T H E T I C M
T he person th u s si gn i ng hi s nam e is the i ndor ser and his ,

s ignat u re is an i n dorsement .

Notes like checks are us u ally in dorsed in e ither of

, ,

the se w ays
IN BLA NK IN F U LL

d y Co C/t s f
a
d/ i
o m s/ o o

E ve ry p e rson indors i ng a note in ei ther of the abo v e

w a ys is r e spons i ble for its pay m e nt .

WIT H O U T R E C O U R SE

W he n th e w ord s w ith “

”
o u t r e co u r se pr e c e d e t h e
Si gnat u r e t he indors e r i s
,

not r e spo n si ble for pay

m e nt .

FIND ING D AT E OF MAT URIT Y

1 .W hat i s th e date of m at u ri ty of a note for 3 m onth s
d at e d A u g . 1 7?

2 . W hat i s th e date of m at u ri ty of a note for 90 day s

d ate d Au g 1 7 ? .

E i th er of t hese m e th od s m ay be u se d .

1
( ) 9 0,
d ay s to ru n
D e du c tm g 1 4 re m a i ni ng d ay s I n
1 4, re m a i ni n g day s i n Au gu st
Au gu st le ave s 76 d a ys ; 76 d a y s
76
le ss 30 days I n Septe m ber l e av e s
d a ys m Se pte m b er
2
2 4 6 d ay s ; 46 d ay s le ss 3 1 d a y s i n
,

O c to b e l e a v e s 1 5 d a s 1 5 d ays
31 ’ days in O c tob e r
r
y .

a f te r Oc t 3 1 is No v 15 .

d ays to ru n i n Nove m b er
. .

1 5,
 NOT E S D ISCO UNT E D AT D A T E 36 7

days e qu als 3 m onth s o f 30

90

2 Aug 1 7 3 mo Nov 1 7
d ays eac h 3 m onths after Aug
( )
. .
. . .

1 7 i s No v 1 7 Si n ce Au gu st and
No v 1 7 2 da No v 1 5
. .

O c to b er h ave 3 1 d ays e ac h i nste ad

o f 30 de d u c t 2 d ays fro m No v 1 7
, . .

A t sight te ll , m at u rity of these

D AT E D A TE
3 . J u ly 19 4 . J an . 29
5 . O c t 31. 6 . Jan . 29
7 . May 17 8 . D ec . 31
9 . J u ne 28 1 0 . D ec . 31
1 1 . Mar . 31 1 2 . D ec . 30
1 3 . Ju n e 30 1 4 . D ec . 30
1 5 . A pri l 16 1 6 . J u ly 25
1 7 . O c t 30. 5 Feb . 28
1 9 . J u ne 23 3
. Feb 1 2.

NOT E S D IS COUNT E D AT D ATE

$ 2400 . T O P E K A KA N J uly 1 9 1 9 1 1 , .
, , .

N i nety d ays afte r date I pro m i se to p ay to the orde r

,

of W i lli a m Z S anborn T w o Tho u s and Fo u r H u ndred

.
,

D oll ars at the T w elfth Nat i onal Bank of Top e ka

,
.

V al u e r e ceived
E D GA R P S TI M
.

SO N . .

W h e n i s th i s note w orth $ 2400

W hy is i t not w orth $ 24 00 t o day (J uly 1 9)
H o w m u ch w i ll th e bank pay for it to day the rate -

, o f
d i sco u nt b e i ng 7
368 AD VANC E D AR I T H E T I C M
F ind the date of m at u r ity bank d i sco unt and proceed s , ,

o f the follo w ing notes

F ACE R ATE

°
9 24 0
9 300
-
s 1 20
s 225
e 1 80
s 1 200
s $ 1 800
a 882000
H 3000
P 1 26 2 8 7 .

NOT E S D IS COUNT E D AFT E R D AT E

F ind the date of m at u ri ty and th e te rm of d isco u n t

1 .

o f a not e dated J u ne 1 2 d u e i n 90 days and d i sco u n t e d , ,

J uly 24 .

SO LU T IO N
J u ne 12 9 0 da . Sep t 1 0,
. d ate of m atu rity
J uly 24 to Se pt 1 0
. 48 da .
, te r m of disc ou nt

Find th e date of m at u r i ty and the t e r m of d iscou nt of

th e follo w i ng not e s
D ATE or DATE
NO TE IM E D ISCO U N TE D
M M
T

16 1 mo 28

M
ar . . ar .

Fe b 20 . 2 mo . a r. 1

Au g 9 . 3 mo . Se pt 1 2 .

J an. 25 4 mo . Fe b 1 4 .

1 0 . O c t 30 . 5 mo . Dec 1 5
.
3 70 A D VANC E D AR I T H E T I C M
F ind the date of m at u ri ty t e rm of disco u nt ban k, , di s ~

c o u nt and proc e e ds of t h e follo w i ng notes

,

m“
Tm
312
25112
1 6 . May 19 60 da . J une 1 5
1 7 . J uly 24 90 da . A u g 30 .

1 8 . $ 750 Jan . 24 3 mo . Feb 26 . 7

1 9 . $ 1 08 0 O c t 27
. 4 mo . D ec . 7 5§
20 . J u ly 29 90 da . S ept 1 . 5
A pr 15 3 mo May 1 5 7
M
21 . . .

22 . ay 25 2 mo . J u ne 1 5 6
23 . Jan . 20 60 da . Fe b 24. 6
24 . A pr . 1 1 mo . A pr . 10 5
25 . J u ly 24 2 mo . Aug . 13 6 70
26 . $ 3000 Aug . 1 30 da . Aug . 19
27 . $ 5000 S e pt . 23 30 da . Oct 1
. 4g
28 . $ 2500 Fe b 1 7
. 6 0 da . Mar . 9 8

D IS COUNT ING INT E RE S T —BE AR ING NOT E S

1 . F i nd the proceeds of th e follo w i ng note i f d i s
c o u nt e d a t date

NE W YO R K N Y J u ly 1 9 1 9 1 1 , . .
, , .

S ix ty days afte r da t e w e pro m ise to pay to the ord e r o f

T h e T w e n t i e th Nat i onal Bank of Ne w Y ork T w o Tho u ,

sand D ollars a t said Bank w i th i nter e st at 6

7 , 0

V al u e rec e i ved .

JO HN D O E .

R I CH A R D R O E .

SO LU T I O N

$ 2000 $ 20 (int f on 60 d ay s ) $ 2020, val u e a t m atu ri ty

.

$ 2020 (i n t o n
.
$ 2020 f o r 6 0 d a y s ) p ro ce e ds:
 D I SC OUNT ING INT E R E ST -

B E A R ING NOT E S 371

2 . F ind the proce e ds of th e abov e not e if d i sco u n t e d

Au g 1 . .

3F i nd the proceeds of the above note if

. disco u nte d
A u g 4 the rate of di sco u nt being 5
.
,

4 . $ 540 . L O U I SV I LLE KY D e c 1 2 1 91 1 , .
, .
, .

S ixty days after date I prom i se to pay to the order o f

The P lanters S eed C o F iv e H u n d red Forty D ollars w ith
.
, ,

int e rest at 5
V al u e re c ei ved .

P R E STO N G L A D D . .

D i sco u nt e d D e c 24 at 7 .
,

5 . $ 1 8 00 K A NS A S C IT Y
. o S ept 1 4 1 9 1 1 , M .
, .
, .

Fo u r m onths after dat e I pro m ise to pay to t h e ord e r

o f D e nni s on and P age E i ghte e n H u ndred D ollars w ith
, ,

int e r e st at 6 70
V al u e r e c ei v e d .

H O R A C E P S T ILE S . .

D isco u nt e d O c t 30 at 5 .
,

6 . $ 98 0. S E A T T LE W A S H Feb 4 1 9 1 1 , .
, .
, .

Fo u r m onths after date I prom is e to pay to th e ord e r of

T he P ac i fic Bank N i ne H u ndred E i gh ty D ollars w i th
, ,

i ntere st at 6
V al u e re ce i ve d .

H O R A C E G P E T E R SO N . .
’

D isco u nte d at dat e a t 6 ,

7 . H o w m u ch w ill
a bank pay on J u n e 1 for a note fo r
$ 4 00 date d J u n e 1 payabl e in 9 0 days w i t h i nt e rest a t
, , ,

if th e rat e of d is co u nt is 6 7 H o w m u ch if di s 0

co u nted J u ly 2
372 A D VANC E D A R I T H E T I C M
8 . A pr il 1 5 1 91 1 Mr R S J ackson b uys a ho u se
On , , . . .

fro m Mr H K M u lli ns for $ 36 00 paying d ow n g of th e

. . .
,

ice and g i v i ng h i s note for the b alance payable in 6

p r , ,

months w ith i nterest at 5

, M r M ullins d i sco u nts th e .

h at e at date at 6 W rite the note and Sho w the i n

d o r se me n t r e qu ired by the bank Fi n d th e proc e e d s . .

H o w m u ch m ust be pa i d to cancel th e n ote w hen it b e

c o m e s du e

Fi nd the proceeds of the follo w ing i nterest b e ari n g -

not e s
R ATE or
INTE R E ST

DICT AT ION E XE RCISE S

l 2 x 9 , + 2, + 1 1 , x 2% , + 7, + 4, + 9 , x 2, + 8 .

x 3, + 9 , x 7, — 3, + 3, + 7, x 6 , -
8 .

22 x 4 ,
2g x 1 2, + 2, + 4, x 1 2 —1, , + 5, -
3, x 4 , + 1 6 .

x 3, -
6 , x 7, — 3 0 .

8 2
4
-
4, x 9, — 8, - —
z 4,

7 — 1,
2
+ 6 , + 7, x 6 , — 1 8, + 8 , + 3, x 1 2, + 6 .

of x 20, + 4, x 9, — 21 +12 4, — 7, x 3
g Q , ,
. + .

ci x 6 0, + 6 , 7, x 9 , + 6 , + 1 5, x 25, —4
% g
-
.
,
374 AD VANC E D AR I T H E T I C M
D ividends are u su ally declare d ann u ally se m iann u ally , ,

o r qu arterly .

S om e tim e s if the com pany los es m oney stockholders a re ,

c alled u pon to m ake good the loss by paying an a sse ss men t .

S tock shares are u s u ally bo u ght and sold thro u gh

br oker s w h o charge a commi ssi on or brokerage for th e i r
,

s erv i ces .

Brokerage is of the par val u e Thu s the brok e r .

,

a g e on a share w hose face val u e is $ 1 00 is

470 of $ 1 00 o r ,

Brok e rs u s u ally transact their b u sin e ss thro u gh a stoc k

exc ha ng e that i s a place w h e re brok e rs m e e t to b u y a n d
,

se ll stocks .

D i vid e nds asse ssm e nts pre m i u m s disco u nts a n d

, , , ,

b rok e rage a re al w ays r e ckon e d on the fac e or par val u e

of th e stock and are al w ays a sp e c i fi ed p e r c e nt of t h e
,

par val u e .

Unl e ss oth e r w i se sp e c i fi e d the par val u e i s to be r e

,

gar de d as $ 1 00 ; q u otati ons i n the daily papers a re g i v e n

on th i s basi s .

T he p rin c i ples of p e rc e n tag e apply to all t ra n sac

t i o n s i n s tock s .

T h e p a r v al u e i s th e w hol e or th e ba se .

Br o k e r a g e
A sse ssm e n ts a re th e part or th e p e rc e ntage .

D i v i d e n ds
R a te Of br ok e ra g e
are th e al u e of
v th e p a rt or th e
Ra te o f a sse ssm e n t
rate p e r c e nt
.

R a te of d i v n l e nd
 A ST O C K C E R T I FI CAT E 375

A S T OCK CE R T IFICAT E

1 W hat is the legal nam e of the co m pany

. is s u ing this
stock certificate ?
For w hat p u rpose w a s th e com pany form e d ?
W ho gave it the r ight to e ngage in b u siness ?
W hat is it s enti re cap i tal ?
W hat is the par val u e of a share ?
I nto h o w m any shar e s i s th e capital stock divided ?
W ho is th e o wn e r of th e abov e c e rtificate ?
H o w m any har e s does
s he own ?

W hat is th e par val u e of h is holdi ngs ?

376 AD VANC E D A R I T H E T I C M
ORAL PR OBLE M S

1 . the net pro fit in o ne y e ar of the co mpany nam e d

If
i n the stock cert i ficate on pag e 3 75 is $ 6 000 w hat per cen t ,

d i v ide nd m ay it pay ?

2W hat dividend w ill Mr Morrison rec e ive

. . on a Share
o f stock ? O n his 20 shares ?

3 . a co m mission of $ 70 of the par val u e h o w m u ch

At 1
,

w ill a broker charg e for s e ll i ng 1 share of stoc k w hose pa r

v al u e is $ 1 00 ? 2 S hares ? 6 shar e s ? 1 0 shares ? 20
shares ? 50 shares ? 1 00 shares ?
4 Mr Morr i son sells 1 0 shares of his stock thr o u gh
. If .

a broker at $ 1 20 a shar e h o w m u ch w ill the p u rchaser p a y

,

for the share s ? H o w m u ch w i ll the broker keep for h i s

se rvices in selli ng ? H o w m u ch w ill the bro k er pay ov e r
t o Mr Morrison ?
.

’
5 W hat are Mr Morrison s net receipts in selling 4
. .

Shares at $ 9 0 a share brokerage

M
,

6 . H ow m u ch w i ll
a brok e r charge r Hatch fo r .

b uying 1 0 Shares of stock ? I f the stock is bo u ght at $ 1 20

a share h o w m u ch w ill Mr Hatch pay for his 1 0 shar e s
, .
,

in c l u ding brokerage ?
7 W hat is the cost of
. 1 0 S hares of stock bo u ght at 80
a share brok e rag e
,

8 . H o w m u ch
do e s a brok e r r e c e ive for b uy i ng an d
selling 1 0 shares of Ne w Y ork C entral ra il road stock ?

9 Mr Terry r e ceiv e s qu arte rly d i vidends of 1 } 70

. . on

hi s stock What i s the ann u al rate ?

.

1 0W hat is th e rate of inco m e

. w hen $ 2 is receive d on

stock b o ught at $ 50 ?
378 AD VANC E D AR I T H E T I C M
SE LLING T HROUGH A BROKE R

1 .Mr S later s e nt to h i s brok e r 4 6 shares of

.

C e ntral stock to s ell at the m ark e t pr i c e T h e .

s ol d at H o w m u ch d i d the brok e r rem it

S lat e r ?
SO LUT I ON

pri ce o f 1 sh a re
m arket
t% o f 1 00 b ro k e ra g e o n 1 s h are

$ 0 1 24 a m o u nt re m i t te d o n 1 s h are

$ 1 34 6 2i x 46
. a m o u nt re m i tte d o n 4 6 sh are s

2 . A brok e r s ell s for a c usto m e r 1 6 shares of Ne w Y or k

C e ntral stock at H o w m u ch d oes th e brok e r r e tai n
f o r h i s s e rvic e s H o w m u ch does the c u sto m e r r e c e i v e ?
Using the tables on page 377 for pr i c e s find th e ,

a m o u nt r e m itt e d to the o w n e r fro m the sale thro u gh a ,

b rok e r of ,

3 . 1 20 share s of Rio G rande .

“2 1 5 shar e s of A m alga m at e d C opper .

”
5 29 hares of G e n e ral E l e ctr i c
S .

’
9 M ake and solve te n probl e m s si m ilar to th e a b ove .

BUYING AND S E LLING

1 Mr P e terson bo ught 1 8 share s of G eneral E l e ctr i c

. .

a t 1 43 and sold at i th brok e rage at on bo th

g ,
w

p u rchase and sale H o w m u ch did h e m ake ?

.

SO LU T I O N

o
c st o f 1 sh are
851 503 74, se ll i ng p ri c e of 1 sh are

$ 6 6 24, g a i n o n 1 sh a re
x 18 g ai n on 18 h are s
s
 F IND I NG T H E R A T E o r INC O E M 379

2 .Find the gain on 24 Shar e s of A m erican W ool e n pre

fe rred stock bo u ght at 8 75and sold at brok e rage
3 . H o w m u ch is m ade by b uy i ng 72 Shares of Ne w
Y ork New , Haven and Hartford R R stock at 1 4 55and
, . .

se ll i ng at brokerage at
4 . Mr R obe rts bo ught and sol d 27 shares of E xcelsior
.

m in i n g stock thro u gh a broker , A t t h e ti m e of b u ying .

,

th e stock w as qu oted at 1 1 74 and at the ti m e of s e ll i ng at ,

1 203 Find the gain

MTay or instru cted his broker to buy
. .

5 . r. l share s 50
of Un i on P acific stock at th e m ark e t rate A w e ek ,

later Mr Taylor instr u cte d his brok e r to s e ll at the m ar

.

’
k et rate 1 702 W hat w as Mr Taylor s loss
, . .

FINDING T HE R ATE OF INCOME

1 W hat p er c e nt of inco m e i s r e ali zed fro m investing

.

in stock at 75 if the ann u al dividend rate is 3 70

SO LUT I O N

3% of 1 00 $ 3, i nc o m e on 1 h are
s

$ 75 c o st o f 1 sh are
$3 $ 75 7 3 3
. 04 or ra te o f i nc o m e

2 . Mr Morgan b u ys a Share of s tock in a ste e l co m pany

.

a t a pr e m i u m of 20 T h e co m pa n y pay s 5 % a n n u ally
. .

F ind th e rate of inco m e on th e i nvest m ent .

D i sr e gard i ng brok e rage find th e rate of inco m e on,

3 . A4 stock bo u ght at 8 0 .

4 . A 5 stock bo u ght at a pr e m i u m of 25 .

5 . A 5 stock bo u ght at a d i scou nt of 25 .

6 . A 1
32 70stock bo u g h t at 1 2% belo w par .

7. A stock bo ugh t at 112 .

38 0 AD VANC E D M
AR I T H E T I C

8 . What is the total cost of share of stock b o u ght

a

thro u gh a broker w hen the m arket p rice is W h at

is the rate of inco m e on the invest m ent if the ann u al d i v i
dend rate is 4 %
9 .Mr D e nton b o u ght stoc k in a packing com pa n y
.

qu oted at 1 39 5 b rokerage
, the rat e of d ivid end p a id ‘

by the co m pan y w as 7 Find the rate of incom e Mr .

D enton rece i ved on his invest m ent .

R eckoning brokerage at $ 70 solve t h e follo w ing

,

INVE S T ING T O SE CURE A S PE CIFIE D INCO E M

1 . W hat s u m m u st be i n vested in a stock paying an
8 d i vide nd ann u ally to s e c u re an incom e of $ 1 200 if the
s t o ck is p u rchase d thro u gh a broker at 1 45 ?
g
SO LUT I O N

$8 a nnu a l i nc o m e f ro m 1 h are
s

$ 1 200 8 1 50, nu m be r of shares

c o st o f 1 sh a re

x 1 50 c o st o f 1 50 s hares

2 .M r G ordon in vests in 5 stock a s u m su fii c ient t o

.

yi eld an a nn u al i nco m e of $ 8 00 H o w m u ch mu st he s e nd
.

to h is b roker i f the m arke t rate is

38 2 M
A D VANC E D AR I T H E T I C

2 . I f the p referred stock of th is stea m sh ip com pany

dra ws 7 divid e n ds and the co mm on s tock 5
,
di vidends,
h o w m u ch is pai d i n divid e nds in o ne year

3 . A t elephone com pany w as orga nized w ith a capita l

of d i v i de d into 1 000 Share s of a par val ue o f
$ 1 00 e ach O f these 1 000 shar e s 300 w e re preferr e d
.
,

s hares o n w hich 6 divi dends w e re to be pai d and 700

,

w ere co m m on shares T h e co m pany paid in div i d e n d s

.

$ 4 6 00 .Ho w m u ch w a s paid o n th e pre fe rr e d Shar e s ?

H o w m u ch w a s l e ft for the co m m o n shares ? W hat p e r
cent w a s paid o n the co m m o n share s
4 Mr S tore r o w ns 28 co m m on share s and 9 prefe rr e d
. .

6 Shares in th e P ark e r Mfg C o . . Find th e a m o u n t o f

his div i d e nds in a y e ar w h e n th e co m m on stock pays 73 7 0

5 .Mr A ndre w s re ce i v e d d i vid e nd s to the a m ou n t o f

.

$ 49 7 i n o n e y e ar on 1 7 pre fe rre d 7 s har es and 4 2 c o m

m o n Shar e s in th e E cl ip s e C opper M i n i ng C o. W hat w a s

th e rat e of divid e nd on t he co m m on s toc k ?

F ind th e a m o u nt paid in dividends u nde r the follo w in g

condit i on s :
 BOND S 8
3 3

F i nd the rat e of div i dend on the co mm on Shares u nder

th e follo w i ng cond i t i ons

BOND S

Nat i o nal gov e rnm e n ts state s co u nt ie s citi e s to w n s

, , , , ,

and corporati ons f re qu e n tly borro w m on e y g i v i ng as ,

s e c u r i ty i nt e r e st b e ar i n g pro m i se s to pay cal l e d bon d s

-
.

Coup on bon ds a r e bond s to w h i ch a re attach e d i nt e re st

c e r ti fi cates call e d co u po n s w h i ch m a y be c u t o ff a nd pre
,

s e nt e d for pay m e nt an nu ally s e m i ann u ally or qu art e rly

, , ,

a s s tate d i n t h e bond .

R egi ster ed bon ds a re r e gi st e r e d on th e book s of th e cor

o ra t i o n i n th e na m e of t h e o w n e r a n d th e i n t e r e s t w h e n
p ,

d u e i s se n t to th e o w n er .

I ntere st on Un it e d S ta te s gove rn m e nt bo n d s i s payabl e

q u art e rly
.

Bond s a r e u s u ally d e s cri be d by t h e na m e of th e corpora

t i on i ss u i n g th e m th e rat e of i nt e r e st t he y b e a r and th e
, ,

date w h e n th e y b e co m e d u e Th u s U S 2s 1 930 m e a ns
.
, . .

Un i te d S t at es gove rn m e nt bonds b e aring 2 70 int e r e st re ,

d e e m a bl e i n 1 9 30 .
3 84 A D VANC E D A R I T H E T I C M
Bonds are like stocks ex cept that th ey al ways he a r a
sp e cifi e d rate of i n ter e st and both bonds and inter e st a r e
,

payabl e at sp e c ifi e d ti m e s .

Bond qu otations are al w ays g i v e n on t he basis of $ 1 00

par val u e Th u s a bond qu ote d at 1 02} m e ans that eac h
.
,

$ 1 00 of the face val u e s e lls for $ 1 025 I f th e face v al u e.

i s $ 1 000 the bond is w orth 1 0 t im e s $ 1 024 or $ 1 025

, , .

Brok e rage is al w ays 57 of t h e par val u e 0Th u s th e .

,

brokerage on a $ 1 000 bond i s 5 of $ 1 000 or ,

1 . W hat is the m arket val u e of a $ 1 000 bond sell ing at

1 054}
2 Mr P ar k er b uys t hro ugh a b rok e r 1 0 on e tho u san d
. .
, ,
-

dollar A m e r i can T e l e phon e and T e legraph bonds at 9 45 .

H o w m u ch do they cost h im ?
3 .
( )a W hat is t h e ann u al inco m e fro m 1 6 $ 1 00 0
P anam a 28 ?

r e th e y w orth at t h e m ark e t rat e 1 01

b
( ) W hat a
4 ,

( )
c H o w m u ch w i ll the o w n e r r e c e i v e for th e m i f h e

se l ls thro u gh a brok e r

4 . H o w m u ch m u st be i n ve ste d in $ 1 000 bond s payi n g

5 d iv i d e nd s to r e al i ze an ann u al inco m e of $ 2000 i f th e
m ark e t val u e i s 1 1 0 ?

5 Mr L ane bo u ght 8 $ 1 000 5 bonds of a railroa d

. .

c orporat i on at 1 20 W hat i s h i s ann u al i nco m e fro m

.

th e m W hat p e r c e nt of inco m e doe s he r e c e i ve on his

inve stm e nt ?
DIE T P ROBLE M S

Our food is co m pose d of d i ff e rent s u bstances : prot e in

o r th e m u s cl e for m i n g s u b s tanc e carbohydra t e s (s u gar and
-

s t a rch ) w h i ch f u r n i sh w ar m th and en e rgy to the body ,

38 6 AD VANC E D A R I T H E T I C M
5 . H o w m u ch
prot ei n for e ach person in a dinne r con
si sting of a 5 lb leg of m u tton 2 lb potato es 2 lb g re e n
-
.
, .
, .

p e a s 8 oz bre ad 1 4 lb tapioca p u dd i ng se r v e d to 8
, .
, .
,

p e rsons
6C o m pare th e am o u nts of carbohydrat e s i n these t w o
.

l u ncheon s and t e ll w h i c h sho uld be chose n by a pe rs o n

,

w h o sho u ld e a t l i tt l e starchy food

1
( ) B read 4 o z ; b u tt,e r 1 o z ; rice
. 4 o z ; bananas 4 oz
, .
, .
, .

2
( ) C h i cken 5 o z ; potato e s ,
4 oz ch ee .se 2 o z ; tap i oc a , .
, .

p u dd i ng 2 o z , .

PART IT IVE PROPORT ION Or a l

separation of a n u m ber or a qu antity into parts

Th e
proporti onal to give n n u m be rs is p a r ti ti ve p rop orti on .

1 D ivi de $ 56 b e t w e e n t w o boys so that as oft e n as

.

o n e r e cei ve s $ 3 t he oth e r shal l r e ce i v e $ 5 .

3 5_ 8 Wh e n fi rst boy rec eives $ 3 the o th e r

the ,

r ec e i ve s $ 5; toge t he r th e y rec e i v e $ 8 That

of 56 $ 21
.

i s t h e fi rst re c e i ves $ 3 o u t o f e ve ry $ 8 o r 3
, ,

Of $ 56 $535
3
"
o f the a m o u nt d i stri b u te d ; th e se c on d 4 , .

D i vid e th e se n u m be rs in th e i n d i cat e d proportions ;

NUM BE RS PR O P TI N
OR NUM O S BE RS P R O P O R T IO N S NU M B E RS P RO P O R T IO N S

2 . 14 4 t0 3 3 . 36 5 to 4 4 . 27 4 t0 5

5 . 36 1 130 5 6 . 60 7 130 8 7 . 60 5 to 7

a . 45 2 to 3 9 . 45 9 to 6 1 0 . 48 5 to 1 1

1 1 . D i v id e 4 5
cents b e tw e e n t w o boys so that th e i r
share s shall be to e ach oth e r a s 2 } 4
to .

l 20 5
Ch a n ge t he f ac ti o n s to a c o m m o n d e no m i na to r
'

r .

4 Si nc e t he d e n o m i na to s a e e qu a l th e n u m b is r r er
20 ,

5 4 9 d i i d e d i n to p a ts p opo rti o n a l to the i r nu m e a t o r s

v r r r .
 WR I TT E N PR O BLE M S 38 7

S e parate th e se n u m bers i n the indi cate d proportions

NU M S PR P TI N
BE R O NUM
OR P P TI N
O S NU M R PR P T I N
BE R S RO OR O S BE S O OR O S

1 2 .20 4 4to 1 3 3 0 4 ;m 1 4 .2 8 4 gto .

1 5 .30 4 4to 1 6 4 5 54
1 2
0
4 1 7 .4 0 g gt o .

1 8 .
4 4to
42 1 9 36 4 ’46
t o 1 2 0 . 8 4 1 4 to 2 .

21 I f a m an div i d e s h i s e stzite b e t w e e n h is son a nd

.

da u ghte r i n the propor ti o n of 3 to 4 w hat part of the ,

estate o u ght e ach to r e c e i v e ?

22 . D i v i d e 72 into thr e e parts w hich Shall be to e ach
oth e r as 3, 4 , and 5.

23 . boys b u y a bat and a ball for 72 c e nts one

T wo ,

contri b u ti ng 3 as m u ch as th e oth e r H o w m u ch do e s e ach

4
.

contrib u t e
WR IT T E N P ROBLE MS
1 . S e parat e 8 00 i nto parts propor ti o nal to 7 and 9 .

2 . D i v i d e $ 1 000 be tw ee n tw o p e opl e in the proporti on

of
4 4
to .

3 S e parate 1 8 0 into t w o part s b e aring the r elation to

.

each oth e r of 3 to 7 ; 4 to 4 ; 4 to 4 ; 1 to 1 4; 1 4 to 24 .

S eparate 234 i nto par ts proport i onal to

4 . 2, 3, and 4
into parts proport io nal to 4 4 4 , , .

A farm e r rai se d
5 . 1 1 50 d u cks and ch i ck e ns T he .

n u m be r of d u cks w as to th e n u m ber of ch i ck e ns as 8 to 1 5 .

H o w m any d u ck s ?
6 . D i v i d e $ 225, th e a m o u nt pai d A and B for labor in
b u ildin g a ho u s e , if A w ork e d 4 2 days and B 1 4 t i m e s as
m any d ays .

A and B agree d to do a pi e c e of w ork for $ 48 A fte r

7 . .

w orking tog e th e r 6 day s B w a s obl i g e d to l e ave A fi n i sh e d

, .
388 A D VANC E D A R I T H E T I C M
‘
the w ork in 4 days . H o w m u ch did e ach rec e i ve for hi s
labor ?
8 A farm er on th e prairi e s h a s t w o fi e lds of a to tal ar e a
.

of 270 acres o ne plante d to corn a nd the othe r to w h e a t

, .

The acreage of corn i s to t he acre age of w h e at as 7 to 8

Find the n u m ber of acr e s in e ach fi el d .

PAR T NE R S HIP

A u n i on of tw o or m or e p e rson s in b u s i n e ss i s a p a r tn er
ship .

The partn e rsh ip is calle d a comp a ny a firm or a hou s e , , .

T h e m on e y i n v e st e d i s th e cap i ta l .

All ga in s a n d lo ss e s a re share d by th e m e m b e rs of t h e
fi rm in propor t i on to t h e m on e y each h a s in v e st e d .

ORAL P ROBLE M S

1 Thr e e farm e r s h i re a m a n to r eap and b i nd th e i r

.

w heat th e m a n f u r n i shing m ach i ne and hors e s at a total

, ,

e x p e ns e of $ 1 20 I t tak e s 5 d a ys to r e ap th e first fi e ld
.
,

4 d ay s for th e seco n d and 3 days for the th i rd

, Ho w .

m u ch do e s e ach far m e r pay ?

2 . boy s i n the m an u al trai ning school bu ilt a m oto r

T wo
boat O ne fu r n ish e d the m ate rial s and labor for th e boa t
.

at an e x p e ns e of $ 20 th e oth e r fu rn i sh e d th e m ate ri al s and

,

labor for th e e ngi ne at an e x pe nse of 884 0 Th e y s old the .

boat for $ 1 00 H o w di d th e y d i vide th e profit ?

.

3 . hire d a past u r e for 8525 O ne pas t u r e d

Tw o men .

4 horse s for 5 w eek s and the oth e r 3 hors e s for 1 0 w e e ks

,
.

H o w m u ch o u ght e ach to pay ?

H INT 4 h orse s f or 5 w ee ks i s e qu i va le nt to 1 h orse for 20 w e ek s

. .
390 A D VANC E D A R I T H E T I C M
W hat is the share of e ach of three partn e rs in a g a i n
6 .

of $ 3750 i f th e first and se cond i nv est e qu al cap i tal and

, ,

th e third as m u c h as th e fir s t and se co n d tog e ther ?

’
7 . T hetotal ga i n w as $ 8 40 A s cap i tal w a s $ 1 200 .
,

’ ’ ’ ’
Bs a s m u ch as A s and C s as m u ch as B s W ha t
, .

’
w as each on e s ga i n ?
W hat a m o u nt of a capital of $ 3 9 00 w as contrib u t e d
8 .

by t w o partn e rs w hose profits w e re resp e ctively $ 4 8 0 a n d , ,

$ 56 0 ?
9 . W hat am o u nt of the capital of $ 4200 has e ach part
ne r i nve ste d i f o u t of a ga i n of 8 40 o ne r e ce i ve s $ 520 ?
,

1 0 . h i re d a pastu re for t hei r co w s for $ 1 00

Fi v e m e n ,

and pai d for r epai ri ng th e fe nc e s W hat w as e ac h .

’
on e s share of the total e xpe n se if the y past u r e d co w s a s ,

follo w s : A 5 co w s for 1 0 w e e ks ; B 3 co ws for 1 2 w ee ks

, ,

O 4 co w s for 9 w ee ks ; D 1 c o w for 1 2 w eeks ; and E 2

, , ,

co w s for 1 0 w e e ks ?
1 1 . A
ss e l costing $ 9 000 and ins u red for i ts v al u e
ve , ,

w as lo s t at se a A pport i on the ins u rance m on e y a m ong

.

the o w n e rs w ho o w n e d 4 3 and 2 share s r e spect i ve ly

, , , , .

1 2 Mr Barnard Mr S e ars and Mr W hit e b u ilt a fi sh

. .
, .
, .

ing v e sse l at a cost of contri b u ti ng $ 6 000 $ 4500 , ,

a n d $ 2500 r e sp e cti vely a nd agr e eing to di vi de t he profits

, ,

aft e r the v essel had m ad e 25 tr i ps T he v e ssel av e rag e d .

po u nds of fi sh to a tr ip for w hich w a s r e c e i v e d an

,

av e rage pr i c e of p e r h u ndred w e i ght The e x pe ns e s .

w e r e $ 6 750 ; 4 of th e ne t r e c e ipts w ent to th e cr e w a n d ,

’
to t he o w n e rs F i nd e ach o w n e r s gain Thi s w as w h at
. .

p e r c e nt of t he inv e st m e nt ? I f th e re w e re 1 6 m e n in the
cre w h o w m u ch did e ach rec eive ?
,
 P RO PO R T I ON 39 1

RAT IO

R atio i s t he relation of o ne n u m be r to anoth e r of th e

sa m e ki n d .

R ati o is e x pr e ss e d by th e sign w ritten bet w e e n th e

t w o n u m bers and i s e qu ival e nt to th e sign
, Th u s th e ,

rati o of 8 to 4 i s w ritt e n 8 4 an d m eans 8 4, or 2 , .

T h e n u m b e rs co m par e d a re t h e terms of t h e rat i o .

The firs t te r m i s th e a ntecedent a n d the s e cond th e ,

c o nse u en t
q T hu.s in the rat i o 4 : 8 4 i s t h e ant e c e d e nt
, , ,

a n d 8 the cons e qu e nt .

T h e t w o t e r m s tak e n tog e th e r fo rm a coup let .

A t sight tell the ratios

,
'

3 . 4 .

5 . 6 . 7 . 8 .

9 . 30 e d . 24 ed . 1 0 . 1 2 bu . 1 5 bu .

u . 1 bu . 3 pk . 1 2 . 3 ft . 1 2 ft .

1 3 . 1 yd . 6 ft . 1 4 . 2 qt . 10 pt .

1 5 . 6 qt . 2 gal . 1 6 . 6 qt . 1 pk .

1 7 . 20? 1 8 . 1 2 oz . 1 lb .

1 9 . 8 00 lb . 1 T . 20 . 75?
21 . 2 yd 2 ft . . 20 ft . 22 . 2 qt 1 . pt . 4 gal .

23 . 3 pk . 4 qt . 2 bu . 24 . 1 1h 4 . oz . 2 lb .

25 . 2 hr 30 m in . . 1 da . 26 . 1 00 rd . 1 mi .

PROPOR T ION

P r op orti on i s an e q u al i ty of rati os . Th u s , 6 : 3,
or
g .

Thi s m ean s that the ratio of 8 to 4 ( 2) is e qu al to the

r atio of 6 to 3 ( 2) or that the qu otient of 8 4 i s e qu al ,

t o the qu otien t of 6 3 .
39 2 A D VANC E D A R I T H E T I C M
The sign i s so m et i m e s u s e d in st e ad of the sign
bet w e e n the t w o rat ios Thu s 8 . 6 3 ; and th e pro
,

por ti o n i s r e ad 8 is to 4 as 6 i s to 3
, .

A t si ght test by co m paring th e ratios

,

1 6 : 7 2 . 3 : 6 =
3 . 1 2: 3 4 . 3 : 2 9 : 6
5 . 3 : 8 = 6 .

7 8 . 5:
9 . 1 0 . 3 : 6 :

The first and th e l ast t e r m s of a proporti on are t h e

extrem es and th e t w o m iddle te r m s th e m ea ns
, .

I n e ve ry proport i on the prod u ct of th e m e an s e qu al s

th e pro du ct of th e e xtre m e s Th u s i n t he proportion
.
,

6 : 3 th e prod u ct of the m e an s (4 x
, 24 e qu al s ,

the prod u ct of th e e xtre m e s ( 8 x 24 .

1 1 A t sight te st t he proporti on s i n e x am ple s 1 to 1 0

.
,

by co m paring the prod u ct of th e e xtr e m e s w ith th e pro d

n ot of t h e m e ans .

S ince the prod u ct of th e m e ans e qu als the prod u ct o f

the e x tre m e s a m iss i ng e x t re m e i s fo u nd by di vi ding th e
,

prod u ct of th e m e an s by t he gi ve n e xtre m e .

T h u s in,

4 x 6
8

1 2 . F ind t h e m i ssing m e an in 8 : 6 : 3 .

1 3 . T ell how to find a m i ss i ng m e an .

F i nd t h e m i ssing te rm s
1 4 . 26 : 1 5 . 4=

1 6 . 64 : 40 1 7 . 21
2 ;
4
35 3 :

1 8 . 1 9 .
3 94 AD VANC E D AR I T H E T I C M
2 . I f 26 yards of cloth cost $ 39 , w hat w ill 8 yard s

co st ?
SO LUT I O N
26 : 8 : z 39 z ? dollars we m ak e 3 9
is to be i n
Si nc e the a n sw e r ,

th e th i rd te r m . 8 y ards w i ll c o st l ess t h an 26
yard s Si nce the fou rth te rm is to be l e ss th an th e
.

t h i rd the se c o n d te rm m u st be l e ss th a n th e fi rst
, .

To s olve proble m s by proporti on

M a ke tha t nu m ber the thi r d term whi c h is of the sa me ki n d

as the r e u i r e d a n swer .
q
Of the two re m a i ni ng te r ms, wri te the la rger f or the secon d

term if the a n swer i s to be gr ea ter tha n the thi r d term , a n d

t he sma lle r f or the se c on d term if the a n swer i s to be less

t ha n the thi r d term .

F i n d the mi ssi ng term , ca n c eli ng when p ossi ble .

P roport i o n is si m ply a n oth e r for m of analys i s u su ally ,

m u ch short e r than t h e ordinary for m I t is u se d largel y .

i n solv i ng probl e m s i n ge o m e try physics and ch e m istry , , .

3 A w a te r m e ter r e gi sters 378 c u bic fe e t in 27 days

. .

A t thi s ra t e h o w m any c u bi c fe e t w i ll it r e gist e r i n 6 0

,

d ay s ?

4The sp e e ds of tw o au to m obil e s are to e ach oth e r as

.

8 to 1 5 I f th e rate of th e slo w e r i s 20 m il e s p e r ho u r
.
,

w hat is th e rat e of th e fast e r ?

5 . If 1 5 m en
can pave a stre et in 3 6 days , h o w m an y
me n m u s t be e m ploy e d to pav e i t i n 1 8 days ?

6 . I f a farm e r r e c e iv e s $ 4 0 for a p i le of w ood

contai nin g
6 cords , h o w m u ch o u ght he to re ce iv e for 1 5 cords
 P OWE R S AND R O O T S 39 5

’
Mr A s i n co m e fro m an investm e nt o f $ 630 w a s
7 . .
'

’
$ 30 Mr B s incom e i n th e sam e tra nsaction w a s $ 50
. . .

Fi nd hi s inve st m e nt .

A farm er harve st e d 6 6 b u shels Of corn fro m a 4 a cr e

8 .
-

fi e ld H O W m any b u sh e ls o ught h e to harve st fro m a

.

1 7 acre field
-
?

9. HOW
long o u ght a loan of 750 to be k e pt to b alanc e
a loan of $ 300 for 1 0 days
1 0 A m a n o w ning i of a b u i ldi ng estim at e s the val u e
.

of h i s share at A t this ra te w hat is the val u e ,

of
4 of t h e b u ild i n g ?

’
1 1 a farm er s dau ghte r ex change s 1 5 dozen eggs fo r
. If
20 yards of cloth h o w m any dozen W i ll be r e qu i re d to p a y
,

for 3 yards ?
1 2 A ca m ping party of 6 persons h as provisi ons s u ffi
.

c ient for 1 5 days I f 3 m ore p e rsons j oin th e party u ne x

.

p e cte d l y h o w long
, can t h e o u ting last ?

1 3W hat is the h e ight of a flagsta ff casti ng a Shado w

.

1 25 fee t long i f a st i ck 1 0 fee t long casts a sh a do w 6 fe et

,

l ong at the sam e ti m e ?

: By apply in g the principle of proporti o n find th e
1 4 ,

h e i ght of vario u s ob j e cts s u ch as the school b u ilding

, ,

tel e graph pol e s tree s

, , e tc .

POWE R S AND R OOT S

43
42 that 4 i s to be u se d t w ic e as a factor ;
m eans that
4 i s to be u se d three ti m es as a factor .

A prod u ct Obtai n e d by u sing a n um b e r as a factor a

Spec i fied n u m b e r of t i m e s is a p ower .
39 6 A D VANC E D A R I T H E T I C M
The prod u ct obtain e d by u si ng t he n u m be r as a fac t o r
t w i c e i s th e second p ower by u si ng the n u m be r a s a fac t o r
thre e t im e s th e third p ower ; a n d so o n
, .

T h e secon d po w e r of a n u m be r i s i t s squ a re ; t h e thi r d

po w e r i ts cu be
, .

T he fig u r e plac e d at th e r i ght and a l i ttl e abov e t h e

n um ber i s the exp onent ; i t t e lls t h e po w e r to be fo u nd .

1 T e ll th e
. se cond po w e r or s q u a r e o f e ach of
, , th e
n u m b e rs from 1 to 25 O f 30 ; 40 ; 50 ; 6 0 ; 70 ;
. 80 ;
9 0 ; 1 00 .

2 . T e ll t he third po w e r or c u b e of e ach of the n u m b e rs

, ,

fro m 1 to 1 2 . O f 20 ; 3 0 ; 4 0 ; 50 .

m e an s that gi s to be u s e d as a factor t w ice . Th u s ,

t x t 3
At Si ght solve ,

8 2
(9
5 4
1 . 1 z . 20 3 . 4 . 5 . . 1
2 3 2
6 . 2 4
7 . 30 a .
(5
9 9 . 1 0 . 5
2 2
1 1 . 53 1 2 . 50 1 3 .
(g) 1 4 . 1 5 .

.v U si n g p e ncil find , the val ue of

2 2 2
1 . 28 2 . 1 35 3 . . 9 2
4 . . 07 5 .
( 39
2

6 . 75 2
7 . 209 2
8 . 9 . 1 0 . 1
( 52 2

3 2 3
1 1 . 36 3 1 2 . 11 1 3 1 3 . . 5 1 4 . . 05 3
1 5 .
(1 9
( 9
3
1 6 . 54 3 1 7 . 2023 1 8 . 1 9 . 20 . 8 1

O ne of th e e q u al factors of a po w e r i s th e r oo t of th e
p o we r .

O ne of th e t w o qu al fa ctors of a n u m be r i s the squ a r e

e

r oo t of th e n u m be r ; o ne of the thr e e e q u al factors i s t h e

cu be r oot. Th u s th e squ a re root of 6 4 i s 8 ; the cu be roo t
,

of 6 4 is 4 .
398 AD VANC E D A R I T H E T I C M
in to per i ods of t w o figu re s e ach Th u s th e s qu are root o f .
,

6 724 con s ists of t w o fig u r e s : the s qu are root of 1 79 56

c on s is ts of thr e e fig u r e s .

2 . H o w m any fig u r e s in the S q u are root of 729 2209 ?

3 . Find the s qu are root of 1 024 .

3 2 1 ) Be gi nnin g at u ni ts , se p ara te the nu mbe r i nto pe ri od s

1 024 of fig
tw o u res e ac h .

( 2 ) F i n d th e g r e a te s t sq u a re i n t h e l e f t h a n d p e ri od -

Th e gre ate st sq u a re i s 9 Wri te i ts roo t (3) o ve r t he

.

pe ri od a nd w ri te the squ a re (9 ) u n de r th e pe riod

, .

4 ( )
3 S u b t rac t 9 f r o m 1 0 a n d b ri ng dow n th e n e xt pe ri od .

4
( ) D o ub l e the roo t a l re ady f o u n d a n d w ri te t h e re su l t

a t the le f t o f t h e ne w d iv i de n d 3 x2 . 6 T h i s i s t h e tri a l d i v i so r
. .

O m i tt i ng th e r i gh t h a nd fi g u re (4) o f the d i v i de n d fi nd h o w m a ny
-

t i m e s the tri a l d i v i sor i s c o n ta i ne d i n 1 2 12 6 2 Wr i te 2 i n t he

. .

r oo t a n d a l so a t th e r i g h t o f t he tri a l d iv i sor 6 2 i s th e tru e d iv i so r

M
. .
,

( )
5 u l ti p ly t h e tr u e d i v i so r 6
( )2 b y t h e l as t r oo t fi g u re

Si nc e th e re is n o re m a i nde r th e sq ua re roo t o f 1 024 i s 32

,
.

To find th e s q u are root of a n u m b e r

( 1 ) B eg i nni ng a t u n i ts , s e
p a r a te the nu m ber i nto p er i o d s

f
o two fig u r e s ea c h.

2
( ) F i nd th e g r ea te s t s u a re
q i n the lef t ha n d p eri od-
a nd

wri te i ts r oot a bove i t .

3
( ) S u btra c t thi s s u are
q f r om the p eri o d a nd bri ng down
the n ext p er i o d .

4
( ) D ou ble the
yf
r o ot a lr ea d ou n d . Omi tti ng the la s t
of the di vi d en d , di vi de the d i vi d en d by thi s n u m ber
fi g u re .

Wri te the qu o ti en t i n the r oot, an d a lso a t the rig ht of t he

M
tri a l d i vi sor .

( )
5 u lti l
p y the tr u e di vi sor b
y thi s la st r oot fig u r e .
 SQ UAR E R O O T 399

4 . F i nd the sq u are root of

1 7 5
3 06 25

In c a se be r w h ose root is to be f ou nd
th e
‘
nu m

c onsi sts of m o re t h a n tw o pe ri od s re pe at th e p ro ,

c e ss u se d i n fi n di ng the sec o n d roo t fig ure .

F ind th e s qu are root of

5 . 6 76 6 . 841 96 1 8 . 1 089
9 . 1 764 1 0 . 2025 2704 12 . 29 1 6
1 3 . 54 76 1 4 . 6 56 1 7744 1 6 . 921 6

1 7 . 1 8 . 20 .

21 . 22 . 24 .

25 . 26 . 27 . 28 .

In se p a ra ti ng a dec i m al i nto p eri ods be gi n at

, th e d e c i m a l poi nt
a nd p oi n t o ff to th e ri gh t . If th e l a st pe ri od i s no t f u ll a n ne x a
,

ci phe r .

T h us,

In p arati ng a w hole nu m be r a n d a dec i m al i nto pe ri ods be gi n

se ,

a t t h e d e c i m a l po i nt and po int o ff t h e w h ol e n u m be r to t he l e f t a n d

t he d e c i m a l to th e ri g h t .

T h u s, w/ 50

1 . F i nd the s qu are root of : (1 ) 2

( ) . 2 .

20 9
1
( ) Si nc e th e tri al
di v isor 4 i s not c onta ine d i n 3
, , ,

pl ace a 0 i n the roo t a nnex a O to t he tri a l di visor

, ,

40 81 4 and bri ng dow n th e n e x t p e ri od

, .
400 A D VANC E D A R I T H E T I C M

’
Annex a s m any o s as m ay be necessary .

1 91

2 . F ind the s qu are root of : (1 ) 62 3 ( )4

5 2 .

1
W h e n b ot h n u m erato r a nd d e no m i na to r a re
( ) perfe ct squ ares extrac t the roo t of e ac h te rm .
,

F i r st c h a nge t h e f rac ti o n to a
2 «
3 d e c i m al .

3 . T e ll w hich of these n u m bers are perfect s qu are s

4 000 400 40 4 4 04 004 0004

F ind the s qu are root of

4 . 5 . 6 . 7 .

a . 9 . 1 0 . 1 1 .

12 . . 01 1 3 . . 09 1 4 . . 36 15 . . 49
1 6 . . 0001 1 7 . . 0009 16 . . 006 4 1 9 . . 008 1

20 . . 0256 21 . . 0729 22 . . 08 4 1 23 . . 09 6 1

3 egg
8
24 .
7 7 77
25 .
441 11 26 . 27 .

28
as z s
Be so .
a n 31 .
as
32 . 21 33 . 64 34 . 304 35 . 724

Find the s qu are roots to the third deci m al plac e

1 . 2 2 . 3 3 . 5 4 . 7 5 . 8

6 .
4 7 .
5 a .
3 9 .
4 1 0 .

1 1 . . 2 1 2 . . 8 1 3 . . 03 1 4 . . 06 1 5 . . 12

16 . 1 7 . 13 . 1 9 . 20 .

21 . 1 4 22 . sg 23 . 4g 24 . 5} 25 . 83
402 AD VANC E D A R I T H E T I CM
th e base ? HOW doe s th e s qu are on th e hypote n u s e c o m
p are w ith the su m of the s qu ares on t h e a lt i t u d e and ba s e ?

In an
y rig ht a ng led
-
tri a ng le the squ are on the hyp oten u se
i s e qu a l to the su m o f the squ a res on the other two sides .

Le tti ng h repre sent the hypote n u s e a th e al ti t u de a n d

, ,

b t he base thi s fact m ay b e state d th u s h

,
2 2
a + 6
2 .

T he hypot e n u se of a r ight angl e d triangl e i s e qu al to

-

th e s qu ar e root of th e su m of th e s qu ar e s on the oth e r tw o

s i de s.

T h i s m ay be stated th u s : h m .
 TH E I
R GH T — ANGLE D T R IANGLE 403

1 . T he alti t u d e of a righ t a ngl e d tri angle is

-
6 fee t an d

th e base 8 fe e t . F i nd the hypote n u se .

STE PS WOB K

D ra w di agra m .

W rite form u la . h=v m

S olve .

2 . T ell w hat thi s m e a ns a V h 2

6 .
2

3 . If hypot e n u s e is
th e 1 0 fe e t and the base 8 fe e t , w hat
is th e alti tu de
4 W hat i s the base of a ri ght a n gl e d tri a n gl e w hose
.
-

hypote n u s e i s 1 0 fee t and w ho se altit u de i s 6 fe et W r ite

for m u la and Sho w sol u tion .

F i nd the hypot e n u se of follo w i n g right angled

th e -

tri a ngl e s w hose dim ensi ons a re gi ven i n f e e t

A LT I U DTB E A LT I TU D
ASE E BM ! A L I UD BA T T E SE

5 33 56 3 . 1 20 1 36

9 39 52 6 . 225 272

9 48 55 9 . 16 63

F 85 1 32 1 2 . 20 99

51 68 1 5 . 22 1 20

1 7 . 36 77 1 3 . 17 1 44

24 45 21 . 16 63

24 70 24 . 15 112

26 . 14 48 27 . 24 1 43

29 . 27 1 20 30 . 19 1 80
 4 AD VANC E D A R I T H M IC ET

Find th e m iss i ng d i m e nsions

ALTIT UD E BABE H YP OTE N U SE A LTI TUD E Bu s H YP O TE NUSI

1 . 24 i n . 26 i n . 2 . 1 92 ft . 200 f t .

3 .
9 63 ft . 6 5 ft . 4 . ft .

5 . 1 68 ft . 1 70 f t . 6 . 90 yd . 1 06 yd .

7 . 20 rd . 52 rd . 8 . 1 04 ft . 1 3 0 ft .

9 . 7 4 5 yd . 51 yd . 1 0 . 1 3 in .

1 1 . 22 in . 1 22 i n . 12 . 1 54 ft . 1 70 ft .

1 3 . 110 ft . 1 46 ft . 1 4 . 8 % rd .

1 5 . 40 rd . 58 rd . 1 6 . 1 8 % ft .

1 7 . 78 ft . 1 30 ft . 1 8 . Si ft . 9% ft .

1 9 . 99 ft . 1 01 f t . 20 . 13 rd .

WR IT T E N PR OBLE MS
1W ith a ladde r W hos e foot w as placed 1 4 ft from a
. .

b u rnin g bu ild i ng th e fi r em e n w e r e abl e to r e sc u e a ch i ld

at a W i ndo w 4 8 ft fro m t h e gro u nd H o w long w a s t h e
. .

ladde r ?

2A 25 ft ladder w hose foo t is 7 ft fro m the bas e o f

.
-
. .

th e b u i ld i ng ju st r e ach e s th e top of a fla t roof e d bu i ld i n g -

.

H o w h igh i s th e b u i ld in g ?

3 . M Chaa tr i ang ular flow e r be d i n a corn e r

rs . se h as
of h e r r e ctangular hou se lot T h e tw o Short Si d e s of t h e .

b e d a r e 1 2 ft and 1 6 ft A t 242a foot h o w m u ch w i ll

. .
,

it cost for w ire n e tti ng for th e th i rd si de

A 4 . angl e d triangle h a s t w o e qu al Side s ; i ts
right -

hypote n u se is 1 6 in F i nd the l e ngth of one of th e othe r

.

sid e s .
406 AD VANC E D A R I T H E T I C M
RE VIE W OF ME NSUR AT ION

T RIANGLE S

1 . W hat is a triangle
2 . D ra w
and descri b e a r ight
angl e d triangl e
-
. An
ac u te angle d tri angl e
-
. A n obt u se angl e d tri angle
-
.

3 . and describe an e qu i late ral tri a ngle

D ra w . An
isosc e le s tri a ngl e A scal e ne tri angl e
. .

4 . What i s t he alti tu de of a tri angle ?

5 . H ow is the area of a tri angl e fo u nd
6 W hat is the ar e a of a triangle
. w hose b as e is 6 1} ft .

and w hose alt i t u de i s 8 ft .

7 . W hat is the altit u d e of a tr i angle w hos e bas e is 5 in ,

a nd w hos e are a i s 4 0 s q in . .

8 .The perim e te r of an i sosc el e s tri angl e i s 20 i n .

; its
b ase is 6 in H o w long is e ach of the other sid e s ?
.

QUAD RILAT E RALS

1 . W hat is a qu adr ilateral ?

2 . nam e is given to qu adrilate rals havin g
T e ll w hat
1
( ) tw o pa i rs of parall e l sid e s .

( )
2 one pa i r of par a ll e l si d e s .

3 no o sides parall el
( ) tw .

3 .D escribe a recta n gle A s qu are .A rho m b oid A . .

rho m b u s .

4 .Ho w is the are a of a parall e logra m fo u nd ? A trape

z oid ? A trapezi u m
 C I R C LE S 407

5 . A w indo w pane is 1 5 in by 30 in What is the

. .

l ighting s u rface E x pr e s s i ts p e ri m ete r i n fe e t .

6 . are a of the top of a r e ctang u lar table i s 1 0 s q ft

T he .

i ts w idth i s 2} ft F i nd i ts le ngth I ts pe r i m e t e r
. . .

7 .T he parall e l si d e s of a tra pe zoid 8 i n and 1 2 i n , . .

,

r e sp e cti vely are 6 in apar t

, F i nd the are a of the
. .

trap e zoid .

WRITT E N PR OBLE MS
1 . H o w m any acr e s in thi s fi e ld ? 20 rd .

2A r e ctangu lar fi e ld of e qu al
.

area is 1 2 rd w ide H o w long . .

3 . What are the di m e ns io ns of a

s qu ar e fi eld of e qu al ar e a ?

4 . T he
bas e of a triang ular fi e ld of e qu al are a is 40 rd .

What is its altit ude

5 A m an has t w o fi e ld sof trap e zoi dal shap e the altit u de
.
,

of each b e ing 20 rd T h e parallel s i d e s of one are 6 0 rd

. .

and 20 rd T h e paralle l s i d es of the oth e r are 50 rd and

. .

3 0 rd F i nd the n um b e r of acres in each field

. .

6 . T he
d i agonal of a trapezi u m is 36 ft and the t w o .
,

p e rp e ndic ul ars fro m the a ngle s Oppo si te th e di agonal a re

1 9 ft and 27 ft r e sp e ctively
. .
,W hat is the ar ea of the .

trap ez i um ?
CIRCLE S

1 . W hat is a circle
2 . D efin e radi u s . D iam e t e r . C i rc u m fere nc e .

T he rati o of th e c i rc u m fe r e nc e to t he
is e xpre ss e d by t h e s m bol qr call e d p i (p i
y ) , .
408 AD VANC E D A R I T H M ICET

3 W h e n 0 re pre s e nts th e circ u m fe renc e r th e rad iu s

.
, ,

d the diam e te r and a t he ar e a e xpla i n th e s e state m e nts

, ,

0 ”
l
( ) o 7r x d ( )
2 a

4 . Fi nd t h e area of a circle 1 in in diam e te r ; of a .

1 in ,
s qu ar e 1 i n long By co m paring t he . .

are a of t he c i rcle w ith th e ar e a of t h e

s qu are th e are a of the c i rcle is fo u n d
to be 78 54 of t he are a of the s qu are
. .

H e nc e t he are a of any c i rcl e m ay be

,

fo u n d by m u lt i ply i ng the s q u ar e of i ts
d i a m e ter by 7854 This m ay be e x . .

2
p r e s s e d as follo w s : a d x 78 54 . .

F o r approx i m ate es t im ates 7r is regarded as 78 54 .

WRIT T E N PROBLE M S

F i nd ap pro xi m ate ly
,

1 . l e ngth of t he tir e of a w h e e l 4 2 in i n d ia me te r
T he . .

2 The di a m e t e r of a w at e r m a i n 44 i n i n c i rc u m fe re nc e
. . .

3 T h e a re a of a c i rc u lar w i ndo w 1 75i n i n d i am e t e r

. . .

4 T h e ar e a cov e re d i n o n e re vol u tion by a st e am

.

r oad roll e r 35 in in d i a m e t e r and 56 i n w ide

. . .

5 T he capac i ty of a bak i ng po w d e r ti n Li i n i n
‘

. .

d iam e t e r and 7 in high . .

6 A r e sta u rant coff e e tank 1 5 in i n diam e te r and 22

. .

i n h igh i s half f u ll
. Fi nd t h e n u m be r of gallo n s of co ff e e
. .

7 T h e conv e x s u rfac e of th e tank i n P roble m 6 is of

.

nick e l .F ind its are a .

8 T he f ron t w h e e l s of a w ago n a re 4 2 i n in di a m eter

. . .

Th e spok e s of th e h ind w h e e l s are 7 i n long e r t han th e .

410 AD VANC E D A R I T H E T I C M
MIS CE LLANE OUS ORAL PROBLE M S

1 The charg for a 3 m i n u te t el ep hon e conversat i o n

. e -

be t w een t w o place s is 20 and 5¢ for each additiona l

m i nu t e F i nd the cost of a 6 m in u te conv e rsation
.
-
.

Six people hire a n a u to m obi le for 8 ho u rs at 8 1 a n

2
.

’
%
ho u r W hat i s each on e s share of th e e xpe n s e ?
.

3
. Mrs G re e n bo u ght 1 6 yd of g i ngha m at
. . a
y ard .H o w m u ch di d sh e pay for i t

4
. H e nry paid $51 5 for a s uit of cloth e s 1 a s m u ch for , .

a hat and 01 as m u ch for a collar

, . H o w m u ch di d h e pay
.

for each arti cle ?

5
. Alfr e d Spe nt 8 0¢ for a Sp e lling book and an arith
m e t ic pay i ng thre e t i m es as m u ch for th e ari th m e tic as
,

f o r the spe ll i ng book H o w m u ch for e ach ?

.

6 W h e n 1 6 oranges are sold for a qu arter w hat is the

.
,

r ate per dozen ?

7
. H o w long w ill i t tak e a d re ss m ak e r to m ake a dre ss
i f Sh e does 4 of th e w ork m a day
.

8
. O n a scal e of 1 0 po i nts for each of t h e te n proble m s
i v e n in a t e s t w hat is t h e m ark of a p u p i l w h o solv e s the
g ,

fi rst thr ee and th e last fo u r fai ls on the fo u rth solves one

, ,

half of th e fifth and o m i ts the si x th ?

,

9
. W hat is th e cost of 1 4 yd of cloth at a yard ?
.

1 0. E d can r u n aro u nd t he s qu are i n H m i n and J o e .

i n Gi m i nfi
If th e y sta rt togeth e r J o e w ill fi ni sh h o w
.
,

m u c h s oo n e r th a n E d

1 1
. W hat i s th e are a of a lot 20 rd by 5 rd Ho w . .

m any rods of w ire w i ll be r e qu i re d t o i nclose i t ? How

m a ny posts se t 1 rd apart w ill be r e q u ir e d to s u pport the
.

w i re
 MI C E
S LLANE O US ORA L P R O BLE M S 41 1

1 2 . H o w m any
s qu are yar d s of linole u m w ill be re

qui re d to cov e r a floor 1 5 ft by 1 2 ft . .

1 3 A t 50 15p e r s qu are yard h o w m u ch

.
, w i ll i t cost to
lay a side w alk 6 ft w i d e and 6 0 ft long ?
. .

1 4 . W hat is th e cost of 5c wt . of shorts at $ 1 6 per ton

1 5 . H o w m a ny booksh e lve s 3 ft long . and 8 in . wi de
can be m ad e fro m 3 board s 6 ft by 1 6 i n . .

1 6 . H ow m a n y board fe et in
. e ach board in the ab ov e
e xa m pl e
1 7 . A gl ove bo x i s 75i n long 4 i n w i de and
.
, .
, 3 in .

de e p .
“

W hat As its capac i ty in c u bic i nch e s ?

1 8A llo w i ng 4 0 c u ft to a ton h o w m any tons of co al

. . .
,

can be p u t into a bi n 1 0 ft x 8 ft x 5 ft . . .

1 9 . R e ckon i ng 7}
gallons to a c u bi c foot h o w m any ,

gallons of w ater can be contai ned in a tank 2 fe e t squ are

and 2 fe e t dee p ?
20 . W hat i s th e net cost of a bill of goods am ou nti ng
to $ 56 0 , 1 2% o ff

21 . Wh e n a m erchant Sells S hovels at 80 ¢ e ach . he

m akes F i nd th e cost .

22 . H o w m any days from O c t 22 to . No v 7 ? .

23 . Mr W h iti ng borro w e d $ 6 00 for 1

.
ye ar at 5
How m u ch did h e pay at ti m e o f s e ttl e m ent

24 . W hat i s th e int e re st on 833500 for 60 days at 6

For 6 days ?
25 W hen m on e y is on intere s t at 5 a y e ar h o w lon g
. ,

wi ll it tak e to earn a su m e qu al to the principal ?

412 AD VANC E D AR I T H ME IC
T

26 . Mr Hall sp e nt
. for postag e sta m p s b u y i n g ,

’ ’
t wi ce as m any t w o s as on e s H o w m any of e ach kin d .

d i d he b u y

27 S a rah m ark e d o ff a p i e c e of pa per 6 in x 6 i n i n t o

. . .
,

i nch s qu a r e s S he th e n colore d th e o u ts i de ro w I nt o
. .

h o w m a ny s qu ar e s w a s the pap e r divid e d ? H o w m an y

s qu are s w e re colore d ?

28 .A boy i n th e m an u al tra i n i ng class pai nte d the s u r

f ac e o f a 3 i n c u be -
H o w m any s qu are inche s di d h e
. .

p a i nt ? He th e n c u t t h e c u b e i nto inch c u b e s H ow .

m any d i d he have ? H o w m any of the inch c u be s w e re

p a i nt e d on three sid e s H o w m any on t w o S id e s ? H o w

m any on one side ? H o w m any w e re not painte d at all ?

29W ha t is
. th e p r e m i u m for ins u ring a ho u s e for
$ 3200 at
30 . Mr . Bu rton ins u re s l ife for $ 5000 at an ann u al
his
r ate of per $ 1 000 . W ha t i s his ann u al pre m ium

MISCE LLANE OUS WRIT T E N PROBLE MS

A and B i nvest e d e q u al s u m s in a b u si ness cost i ng
‘

1 .

$ 4 000 A t th e end of a y e ar th ey est i m ate d th e i r stock

.

t o be w ort h $ 6 200 bi lls r e c e i vabl e $ 1 34 8 and cash i n

, ,

bank 8 4 52 What o u ght e ith e r to g i ve the oth e r t o se c u re

.

t h e o w n e rsh ip of t he b u s i n e s s ?

2 Mr P ark e r h i re s a m a n and a boy on h is farm a t a

. .

e arly e xp e n se of $54 8 0 T h m n rec iv s $ 25 a m onth

y e a e e . .

W hat part of th e $ 4 80 do e s th e boy re cei ve

3 I n 1 909 v e ss e l s of a total ton nage of
.
,

a sse d thro u gh the S u e z C anal a n d vessels of a total t on

p
41 4 A D VANC E D A R I T H E T I C M
bet w een tw o da u ghte rs E ach da u ghter re c eived $ 4 8 00 .
,
.

\Vh a t w a s the val u e of the e state ?

1 0 A provis i on d e ale r bo ught 40 chickens Whose n et
.

w e i ght w as 1 75 po u nd s at Si a po u nd I f the e xpress .

4
charg e w as 1 41 a po u nd h o w m u ch d id h e gai n by se llin g ,

the chickens at an average pric e of

BE T H LE H E MN H Se pt 27 1 9 1 1

M
.
, ,
. . .

r. H E R BE R T R . LA WS ON

Bou gh t of J A SON D . ST A P LE S

}
a bbl Flo u r .

25 l b Su gar .

4 bu Oat s .

1 0 gal Ke ros e ne .

By 1 3 do z E ggs .

1 6 l b Bu tte r .

Balanc e du e

1 1 . C o m pl e te t he abov e bi ll se ttle m e nt be in g
, m ad e i n
f u ll on O c t 1 2, 1 9 1 1
. .

1 2 . Anacr e of lan d bo u ght for 8 2250 w a s c u t u p i nto

l o ts 1 1 0 ft x 6 6 ft w h i ch sold for $ 1 21 0 e ach
. W ha t
.
,
.

w a s t he ga in ?

1 3 . F ind the v al u e at a t o n of th e t i m othy hay

in a m o w 30 ft by 28 ft by 1 23 ft r e ckon ing 450 c u ft
. . .
,
. .

t o a ton .

1 4 . Mr Harr ison a b u i ld e r contracts for

. bri cks
, , ,

ea ch 8 i n by 4 in by 2 i n
. H o w m any cars 30 ft by 8 ft
. . . .
 MI C E S LLANE O US WR I T T E N P R OBLE M S 41 5

wi ll ber e qu i red to carry th e m if th e y a re p i le d 2 f t h ig h , .

o n the car ?

1 5 H o w m any tiles 2 i n s qu ar e w i ll be re qu ire d for the

. .

hearth of a fire plac e 34 ft by 1 5ft ? . .

1 6 . H o w m u ch m u st a gro ce r charg e p e r bottle for oli v es ,

w hich cost hi m p e r cas e of 2 doz e n bottl e s to m ake ,

2570 if th e fre i ght i s 24¢ p e r cas e ?

1 7 A m erchant b uys one grad e of sho e s at

. a pai r
a n d anoth e r grad e at $ 4 a pa i r W h i ch grad e i s i t m or e .

profitabl e for h i m to sell if e m ak e s 80 c e nts on e ach pa ir

h ?

1 8 A m illi n e r charg e d 8
. for a hat She pai d 8 .

for the fram e for tri m m i ng s and $ 1 fo r labor

, , .

F i nd the p e r c e nt of profit .

1 9 Mr A plann e d to s e ll hi s ho u se for $ 3575 w hi ch

. .
,

w o u ld allo w h i m a profit of H e sold i t ho w e v e r , ,

for $ 3225 D i d h e gai n or lose ? H o w m u ch

.
?

20 A d e al e r i n far m s uppl i e s b u ys fe rti li z e r a t $ 30 p e r

.

ton and retai ls it at p e r 50 lb bag Find h i s ga i n -

. .

r cent
p e .

21 Fi n d the am o u nt of th e follo w ing gas bill

.
o if pa i d
on Nov 1 7 ; i f pai d on Nov 1 6
. . .

M ete r R 6 a dm gs
Nov . 7
Oc t 6 , 1 1
.
’

’
ll 1 8 200 cu

cu.
. ft
ft
.

Ga s c o nsu m e d a t 1 1 ? p e r 1 00 cu . ft . cu . ft .
8
D i sc ou n t at 2? p e r 1 00 cu . ft .

Ba l a nc e Pa y a b l e
D i sc o u nt a llo we d i f p a i d on or b e fo re No v . 16 .

22 . A
l c o a l car 31 ft lo ng 9 ft 4 i n
st e e .
, . . w i de,and
7 ft 6 i n h i gh (i n si de d i m e n si o ns ) w e i gh s
. . l b and .

carrie s 50 T E xpr e s s i ts capac i ty i n c u bi c fe e t

.
, i t s w e i gh t
in tons and its load i n po u nd s
,
.
41 6 A D VANC E D AR IT H E T IC M
23 . A s choolho us e lo t i s 1 2 rd . by 8 rd.

( )
a W h at part o f an ac r e i s th e lot ?
( 6 ) Tre e s are pla nt e d 33 ft apa r t a ro u nd t h e lo t
. h ow .

m any ?
( )
0 T h e s choolho us e i s 90 ft by 6 6 ft W hat part o f
. .

the lot d o e s i t cover ?

24 W hen flo o ring is sell i ng a t $ 6 0 p e r M w hat i s the

.
,

c ost of l a ying a floor 1 8 by

'
allo w ing 1 6 for w aste and
1

for labor
25 A w ate r tan k is 4 ft long 3 ft w ide an d 5 ft
. .
, .
, .

dee p W hat w ill i t cost to lin e i t w ith z in c at 8 !per

.

s qu are foot ?

S i m pli fy g
oof 34
26 . +

; { 2}

27 . :
The c a rt rem o v e d in d igging a ce llar 75 ft by .

36 ft and 6 f t deep w a s u s e d i n grad i ng a lot 1 8 0 ft by

. . .

1 35 ft H o w m any inch e s w as the grade rais e d ?

.

28 A hard w ood b orde r 1 8 i n w ide is lai d in a room

. .

1 8 ft by 1 6 4 ft at a cos t of 32¢ p e r s qu are foot

. . T he . .

space w i thin the border is cov e r e d by a r u g Find the cos t .

of the border F ind the di me n sions of the r u g i n yards

. .

29 .The average ye arly w e i ght of fle e c e fro m Suff ol k

sh e ep rai sed at an agr i c ult u ral e xp e ri m e nt sta ti on w as
lb T he shrinkage in scou ring w as 54 7
. Find th e 0 .

val u e at 24 15 pe r p o u nd of the sco u re d flee ce fro m 500

s u ch Sh e ep .

30 . A m erchant o wi ng $ 5245 paid 68 c e nts on a dollar .

H o w m u ch d id he pay h is cr e ditors ?
41 8 A D VANC E D
. AR I T H E T I CM
’
41 W hat is Mr A tk i nson s tax if th e rate i s $ 1 8 pe r
. .

$ 1 000 and h e pays a poll ta x of $ 2

,
for st re e t w at e r ,

i ng o w n s r e al e stat e val u ed at $ 6 400 and p e rson a l

, ,

prop e rty val u e d at

’
42 . val u at i on of Mr Bacon s prop e rty is $ 6 600
T he .
,

a nd th e t a x rate p e r $ 1 000 w i th a d i s co u nt of 2
,

for pro m pt pay m ent H o w m u ch can h e save by payi n g

.

pro m ptly ?
43 W he n 8
. pre fe rre d stock is bo u ght at 1 65 w hat ,

is th e p e r c e nt of inco m e on the i nve st m e nt

44 W h e n th e share s i n a stock i ng m an u fact u ring c om
.

pany paying 6 divi de nd s a re qu oted at 1 25 Mr Moore , .

i n v e sts $ 500 A t th e sa m e t i m e h e loans 500 on a

.

m ortgag e at 5 W hat inco m e do e s he r e c e iv e on e ach

inv es t m e nt in a y e ar ?
45 Throu gh a brok e r a m a n bo ught 35 share s of a c e r
.
,

ta i n stock at 54 be lo w par and sold it t w o w eeks la te r ,

at 7 abov e par W hat as h i s profit

4 w .

46 C hange 334 2
.
8 to lo w e st t e r m s and cha n ge t h e r e ,

s u l ti ng fract i on to a d e c i m al .

48 . H o w m a ny c ubic fe e t in a log 20 ft long an d

. 1 0 in .

in di a m e te r ?
49 W hat i s th e w aste i n c ub i c fe e t i n t u rn i ng a col u m n
.

6 ft l o ng and 6 i n i n d i a m e te r fro m a s t i ck of tim b e r

. .

6 ft long and 6 i n sq u are ?

. .

50 . A
di sh 8 in by 6 i n w as fill e d to a de pth of
tin . .

l gi n i n a ra i n storm
. H o w m any c u b i c i nch e s of rain fe ll
.

to a squ ar e foot ?
 MI SC E LLANE O US WR I T T E N P ROBLE M
S 41 9

51 A cak e of ice 2 ft s q u ar e floa ti ng in the rive r

. .

stands i n abov e the w at e r

. If % of t h e cak e i s s u b
.

m e rged w hat is t e vol u e of

, h m t h e c k e in c u b i c f e e t
a ?

52 .T w o tra i n s start fro m th e sa m e s tati o n o n e at the ,

r ate of 28 m i a n d th e oth e r 4 5 m i p e r ho u r
. H o w far . .

a par t w i ll th e y be i n 6 hr

e y go on parall e l tracks du e ea s t
a) I f th 9
(
b
( ) I f o n e go e s d u e e a s t a n d t h e other d u e w e st
I f go s d u e e as t a n d th e oth e r d u e north
( )
c o n e e

53 Find th e pe ri m e te r of this lot

. .

31 yd .

52 yd .

’
54 . Find i ts val u e at 1 6 9 a s qu are foot .

55 A d i sabl e d stea m e r s e nds a w ire l e ss call for h el p a t

4 o clock P M givi ng h e r longi t ud e as 6 4 W
.

’
T he
°
. .
, .
,

m e ssag e is pick e d u p i m m e d i ate ly by a n other ste a m e r i n

the sa m e lati tu de w hose long itu d e i s 6 24 W R e ckoning °
.

a d e gree of lo ng i t u d e as 6 3 m i at w hat t i m e w ill th e .

,

s e cond ste am er goi ng 1 8 knots an h ou r r e ach the o ne in

, ,

d i stre ss ( A k n ot i s 1 4 m i ) .

56 . The call s e n t by the ste am e r i n probl em 55 i s h e ard

by anoth e r st e am e r 6 0 m i w e st and 45 m i n orth of t h e
. .

d i sabl e d ste a m e r A t w hat ti m e w ill this st e a m e r go i ng

.
,

1 8 m i an ho u r r e ach t he o ne I n d i stre s s ?
.
,

57 . F i nd th e in te re st at 5 % on $ 2384 fro m A pril 1 6

to S e pt 3 . .

58 . Find th e proc e e ds of a note for $ 276 3 for 6 0 days ,

4 20 AD V ANC E D A R I T H E T I C M
date d Feb . 20, 1 9 1 1 , and d i sco u nt e d on Mar . 1 6, 1 91 1 ,

at 7 3 0

59 . H o w m any
yards of ribbon in w ide w i ll be re .

q u i re d to t ie 24 bo xe s of candy e ach 6 i n long 4 i n w id e

, .
, .
,

a n d 3 i n h i gh i f t h e r i bbon go e s aro u nd t h e bo x onc e e ach

.
,

w a y an d 8 i n a re allo w e d for t h e knot ?

, .
«

60 . At
an el e ction for pr e si de nt of a d e bati ng soc i e ty ,

J ohn r e c e ive d 27 vot e s a n d J a m e s 6 3 vot e s W hat p e r .

c e nt of th e vote s cas t did Jam es re c e i v e

61 A b u tt e r d e al e r m ak e s a contract to f u r n is h a c u s
.

to m e r a sp e c ial brand of b u tte r at 27 ¢ p e r po u n d th e y e ar

r o u nd I f for 3 m o the m arke t rat e i s 3 22 for 3 m o
. .
, .

222 for 3 m o
, for 2 m o
. and for 1 m o . .

does t he c u stom e r w h o u se s 1 5 l b p e r m onth ga i n or lo se

, .
,

by th e contract ? H o w m u ch ?
62 . A
p ip e d i scharges 6 gal of w at e r per s e cond
. . How
l o n g w i ll i t take to fill a tank 7 ft by 3 ft by 32 2
;
f t . . .

63 . A fr u i t d e al e r bo u ght a b u n ch of banan as c onta in ,

i ng 1 5 doz e n for , T w enty p e r cent r ip e n e d too fas t

a n d had to be thro w n a w ay T w e nty fi v e p e r c e n t of th e
.
-

r e st h e sold at th e rate of 2 for and th e r e m ai nde r at

t h e ra t e of 1 5¢ a doz e n Find h is p e r c e nt of profit
. .

64 . F i v e m e n contr ib u t e d e qu ally th e n e c e ssary

t o b u i ld a b u s i ne s s block T h e total r e c e ipt s t he fir st

.

y e ar w e re T h e e x p e n ses w e re : i n s u ranc e ,

of th e v al u e of th e b u i ld ing at ta xe s p e r ,

’
tho u sa n d on a v alu ati o n of j a ni tors s e r v i c e s ,

$ 1 3 8 0 ; o th e r e x p e n se s $ 1 6 1 5 W hat i n com e di d each

, .

o w n e r r e c e iv e ? W hat p e r c e nt o n his investm e nt ?

422 A D VANC E D AR I T H E T I C M
1 60 q
s u a re r ods 1 ac re (A .
)
6 40 ac re s 1 q
s u a re m i le ( sq. mi .
)
1 A . 1 60 sq . rd. 48 40 s q yd . . sq . ft .

1 q m i le s u a re ) 1 se c ti o n (se c .

6 m i l e s sq u are (36 sq u are m i les) 1 to w nsh i p (T ) .

R oofi n g is us u a lly esti mate d by the squ are (1 00 sq .

Sh i ngle s are p ac k e d 250 to a b u nc h Allow i ng fo r w a ste 4 b u nc he s .

,

c o v er a sq u are w h e n l a i d 4 i n to th e w e a t her . .

C lapb o a rd s u su a lly 4 f t lo n g a nd 6 i n wi d e are p ac ke d 25 to a

, . .
,

b u nc h Whe n l ai d 31 i n to t he w e ath er a bu nc h c overs 25 sq f t

.
»
.
,
. .

La t h s 4 f t lo ng a nd 1 ; i n w i d e are p ac k ed 50 or 1 00 to a b u n c h
, . .
,
.

Usu ally l a i d g i n ap art A llo w i ng f o r w as te a b u n c h o f 50 c ove rs

. .
,

3 sq yd . .

CUBIC OR VOLUME ME AS URE

1 728 cu bic i nc h e s ( c u. in 1 cu b i c foot (c u ft ) . .

27 c u bic fe e t 1 c u b i c y a rd (cu yd ) . .

M
b i c y ar d 1 cu 1 lo ad of e arth sa n d e tc , , .

Bri c k aso n ry O rd i na ry b ri c k s . 22 a re 8 i n b y 4 i n b y 2 i n
. . .

b ri c k s w i th m ortar occ u py 1 c u f t
M
. .

Sto ne as o nry Sto ne w o rk i s e sti m ated by th e c u bi c foo t c u b i c

.
,

yard or by th e pe rch 24; cu ft In prac tice 25 cu ft a re c al le d a

, , . .
, . .

pe rc h .

WOOD ME AS URE BOARD ME AS URE

16 cu bi c fee t 1 c ord foot Lu m be r i s u su a lly sold by t he

( cd . ft )
. bo ard foot .

8 c r o d feet A b o a rd 1 f oo t squ are o r i ts ,

or 1 c ord (cd ) . e q u i v al e nt a nd 1 i nc h t h i c k i s a
,

4 28 b i c fe et
cu b o a rd f oo t (bd ft ) . .

Wood fo r fi re p u rpo se s i s u su In m e a su rin g l u m ber the

a lly c u t i n to 4 f t l e ngth s A p i le
-
. . t h ic k ne ss i s re ga rd ed o nly w h e n
o f 4 f t w ood 8 f t lo ng a nd 4 f t
-
. . . i t e xc e e d s 1 i n c h .

h igh i s a c o rd .
 R E F E R E NC E T ABLE S O F MEA U S R ES 423

T IME ME AS URE
OLD R H Y M E

T h i rty day s hath Se p

t e m be r ,
60 se c onds (sec ). 1 m i nu te (m i n .
) Apri l J No
u ne , an d
6 0 m i n u tes 1 h o ur (hr ) .
,

ve mbe r ;
“
4 h ou rs 1 day (da )
h av e
.

All the re st
7 d ay s 1 w e e k (wk ) t hi rty o ne
.

f o r t n i gh t
-

2 w e ek s
,
1
Save F e bru a ry alo ne
m o n t h (m o )
,
4 w e ek s 1
T o w h ic h w e t we nty
.

30 d a ys 1 c o mm e rc i a l m o n th
e i ght a ssi gn
28 , 29 , 30, ord ays
31 1 c a le n d a r m o n t h
T i ll le ap y e ar giv es
3 c ale nd ar m ont h s
i t twe nty ni ne -
.

or 1 q uar te r

1 3 w e ek s Ye a rs d iv isi ble by
1 2 c a l e n d a r m o n th s 1 ye a r (yr ). 4 a re l e ap ye ars e x ,

3 6 5 d ay s 1 c o m m o n ye a r c e pt c e nte n ni al y e a rs

3 66 d ay s 1 le ap ye ar n o t d iv i si b l e by 400 .

1 0 ye a rs 1 de c a d e All o th e r yea rs are

1 00 ye ars 1 c e ntu ry c o mm o n years .

AVOIRDUPOIS WE IGHT
A to n of h ard
c oa l 36 cu. f t’
n a rT
o u nce s (oz )
16 . 1 po u nd (l b ) .

(
1 00 po u nd s
20 h u n d re d we i gh t
1 hu n dre d we ig ht (c w t )
z n 0 f soft .

c oal 42 c u ft . .

or 1 to n (T )
ne a rl y)
.

2000 po u nds ( .

A tO n o f h ay
2240 pou nds 1 to lo ng n
4 50 cu ft t o 550
The Av o i rdu po is o u n c e c o n ta i n s 437; gra i ns
. .

o rd i n g
.

cu ft ac c
The A v oi rd u po is po u n d c o n ta i n s 7000 g ra i n s
. .
,

ki nd
.

to a nd ho w
ll pack e d we .

Th e long to n i s u se d i n w h ole sa l e tra nsac ti o ns i n c o al o re s e tc a nd , , .

,

i n c oll e c ti n g d u ti e s a t th e c u s to m h o u se .

A re giste r to n u se d i n m e a su ri n g the e n ti re c ap a c ity o r to nnage of

,

vesse l s ,1 00 c u ft . .

A sh i pp i n g to n u se d i n m e a sur i n g c argoes = 40 c u ft
, , . .
 AD VANC E D AR I T H E T I C M
T ROY WE IGHT
T he ca rat T ro y
grains ly ) is u se d
, n e ar

24 grains (gr ) 1 pe n ny wei g ht (p wt )

. . i n w e i g h i n g pre c i o u s
20 pe n nyw e ig h ts o u nce (oz ) . sto ne s It is a ls o use d
.

1 2 o u nc es 1 po u nd (l b ) . to e xp res s t h e fi ne ness
1 lb 1 2 oz
. 240 p w t . 576 0 gr . . o f gold 24 c ara ts fi ne .

T he T roy o u nc e c o nta i n s 480 gra i ns . m e a ns p u re gold ; 1 8

T he T roy po un d c o nta i ns 576 0 gra i n s . c a ra ts fi ne m ea ns 1 8
pa rts p u re gold a nd 6
par ts baser m e tal .

LIQUID ME ASURE
4 gi ll s (gi ) . 1 p i nt (p t ) .

2 p i nt s 1 qu a rt (qt ) .

4 q u a rts 1 ga llo n (ga l ) .

3 1 } ga llo ns 1 barre l (bb l ) .

2 b a rre ls
In es ti m a ti n g
c a p ac i ty Of 01 8
or 1 h ogshe ad (hh d ) .

te rn s, e tc .
63 gallo n s
1 ga l = 4 qt . . 8 p t = 32 gi
. .

A ga llo n 23 1 cu . in .

7} ga llo ns 1 cu . ft (. ly ) nea r

1 barrel cu . f t (ne arly )

.

1 cu b i c f oo t o f w a te r 62} l b .

1 ga llo n o f w ate r 8 } lb .
( ly ) ne a r

1 qu art of w a ter lb (n early ).

D RY ME ASURE
T h e sta nd ard b u s he l is a c y li n

dric a l m e asu re 1 8 ; i n i n d i am e .

te r a nd 8 i n dee p , a nd c on ta i ns .

cu in
pi nts (pt ) qu art (qt ) .
.

2 1
bu she l u se d i n
ken
. .

A s tri c
8 qu arts 1 pe ck (pk )
m e as ur i ng sm all fru i ts o ats rye
.

p
4 e ck s l b ush e l (bu ) , , ,

w h ea t e tc 1 } c u f t ( ne arly )
.

. . . .

1 b bl 6 4 pt
, ,
: 4 pk 3 2 qt
A h ea pe d b u sh e l u se d i n m e as
. . . .

u ri n
g b u l k y f ru i ts a p p l e s p o ta , ,

toe s c o r n i n t he e ar e tc
, 1 } cu ,
.
, .

f t (ne a rly)
. .
 THE M E T R IC SYST E M M OF E ASUR E S

T he M e tr i c Syste m of m e a sure s i s d by m a ny nati o ns In th e

u se .

Un ite d Sta tes i ts u se is pe rm i ssive , b u t n o t c o m p u lso ry .

T he p ri m ary u n i t o f t he m e tric sy ste m i s th e meter (T h e m e te r .

e q u a ls i n ne arly )
.
, .

T h e d ec i m a l p a rt s o f e ac h s ta n d a rd u n i t a re i n d ic ate d b y Lati n
p re fi x e s
, t h u s m i:lli m e a n i ng 001,; c en ti m e a n i n.
g 01 ; d ec i m e a ni n g 1 ,
.
,
. .

T he m u l ti ple s o f eac h sta n d ard u n i t are i n d i ca te d b y Gree k p re

fi xe s t hu s : de lca m ea ning 1 0 ; hekto m e ani ng 1 00 ; k ilo m e an i ng 1 000
, , , ,
.

In w ri ti ng ab bre vi ati o n s o f the u ni ts i n e ac h m e asu re f rac ti o na l ,

p arts o f the sta nd a rd u ni t are i ndi c ate d by s m all l ette r s ; mul ti ple s
by c ap i ta l l e tte rs .

In t he f ollowi ng tab l es the u n i ts m ost c o m m o nly u se d are i nd ic a te d

by bl ac k fac e d type .

LINE AR ME AS URE
sta n d ard u ni t o f li ne ar m e a su re i s the meter .

1 0 m i ll i m e te rs (m m .
) 1 ce nti meter (cm ).

10 c e nt i m e te rs 1 d e c im e te r (d m ).

10 dec im e te rs 1 meter m
( ) .

1 0 m e te rs 1 de k a me te r (D m ) .

1 0 de k a m e te rs 1 he k to m e te r (H m ) .

he k to me ters
M
10 1 ki l ometer (Km ) .

1 0 k i lo me te rs 1 m y r i a m e te r ( ) m .

1 c e n time te r . 01 of a m e t er ; 1 kilo m ete r 1 000 m e te r s .

S QUARE ME AS URE
T he u ni ts o f s qu a re m e asu re a re o b ta i ne d b y sq u a ri ng the u n i ts of

li ne a r m e a su re . The st a n d a rd u ni t is t he s qua re meter .

1 00 squ a re m i ll im e te rs ( s q. mm .
) 1 q u a re
s c e n t i m e te r ( sq. c m .)
1 00 squ a re c e n ti m e te rs 1 squ a re de c i me ter (q
s . dm )
.

1 00 squ are dec i m e ters 1 s qua re mete r (sq m ) . .

 WE IGH T MA E SUR E

1 00 squ are m eters 1 q

s u a re d ek amete r (sq D ru ) . .

1 00 q dek a m e ters
s u a re 1 squ a re h e k to m ete r sq H m
( ) . .

1 00 sq u are he k to m e te rs 1 s qua re kil ometer ( sq . Km ) .

1 squ are ki lo meter q

s u are m e te rs

In m e asu ri ng l a nd ,

1 sq u a re m e te r 1 centa re ( cd . )
1 sq u are d e k a m e ter 1 are ( )
a.

1 sq uare h e kto m e te r 1 h ektare (Ha ) .

CUBIC ME AS URE
T he u n i ts Of cu bic m ea su re ar e o b ta i n e d by cu bi ng th e u nits cf

li ne ar m e a su re . T he stan d ar d u ni t is the cub i c meter .

1 000 cu b i c m i ll i m e te rs (cu . mm .
) 1 cub i c centi meter (cu . cm .
)
1 000 b ic c e nt i m e te rs
cu 1 cu b ic de c im e te r (c u . dm .
)
1 000 c u b ic de c i m ete rs 1 cu b i c meter (c u m ) . .

In m e a su ri ng w ood ,
1 cu b ic m e te r r ste re ( st. )

CAPACITY ME AS URE
T he stan d ard u n i t o f ca p aci ty m e as ure i s t he liter, w hi c h is e qual

in v ol u me to a cu b i c de c i m e te r .

1 0 m il li l i te rs (m l 1 ce ntil ite r ( ) cl .

1 0 c e nti l i te rs 1 de c i lite r dl
( ) .

1 0 de c i l i te rs 1 l i ter
1 0 l i te r s 1 de k a l ite r ( D 1 ) .

1 0 d e k a l i te rs 1 h ektol it e r (H1 .
)
1 0 h e k to li te rs 1 k i lol i te r (KL)
1 ce n ti l i te r . 01 of a l iter ; 1 h e k tol i te r 1 00 li te r;

WE IGHT ME AS URE
T he stand ard i t o f w e igh t i s t he gram ; th i s i s the w e i gh t o f a c ubi c
un

c e n t i m ete r o f d i sti ll e d w a te r a t i ts m ax i m u m d e ns i ty O ur 5 e e nt .
-

p ie c e w e i gh s 5 g ra m s .

1 0 m i ll i gra m s (m g ) . 1 ce nt i gra m ( )cg .

10 c e n ti gra m s 1 dec i gram ( g)

d .

10 de c igra m s 1 gram (g ) .

1 0 gra m s 1 d e k agra m (D g ) .
 A D VANC E D A R I T H E T I C M
10 dek agram s 1 hek togra m (Hg ) .

1 0 he k to gra m s
M
1 ki l ogra m K
( g)
1 0 k i logra m s 1 m yri a gram ( ) g
.

1 0 m yr i a gra ms 1 q ui nta l (Q ) .

1 0 q u i nta ls 1 tonneau (T .
)
1 cen ti gram . 01 of a gra m ; 1 k i logra m , c om m o nly ca ll ed a k i lo
IL
( ), 1 000 gram s .

T he fo llo wi ng sh o ws th e i nte rre l ati o n o f the d iff e re nt m e asu res

1 m ill i l i ter of w ater 1 c u b ic c e nti me ter in v ol u me 1 gr a m in

1 l iter of w ater 1 cu bi c dec i meter i n vol u m e 1 k i logram in

w e i gh t
.

A pproxi m ate equ ivalents i n Unite d Sta tes m e as u re s

1 m e te r 1 1 1 0 yd 1 h e c tare
. 2} A .

1 ki lo m e te r g m i . 1 ste r e 1 c d »
.

1 l i te r it q ( y)t d r 1 g
. r a m oz (a v o i r ) . .

1 li ter 1 qt (li q u i d)
. 1 kilogra m 2} l b (av oir ) . .