Tangub City Global College

Maloro, Tangub City

Comparative Analysis

Submitted by
Suziel B. Allaga

Submitted to
Mr. Danilo Fajardo, MAED
 Rationale
Education is our foundation that will build as an individual as we understand the world, shape
our perspectives and cultivate our skill.Learning theories provide structure for understanding
how individuals acquire new behaviors, skills, and knowledge. And in the field of education and
even psychology the most important thing is to understand different mechanisms where
individuals learn. It helps educators in developing strategies to meet its goals in teaching the
students. Each theory holds importance not just for humans but also for animals as it gives
insight or how the animals learn, adapt, and interact in the environment. These theory is not just
a scientific research but somewhat an application of animal training.
Pavlov’s classical conditioning theory, along with other theories such as operant conditioning,
social learning theory, and Thorndike’s theory which is connectionism, provides insight on how
individuals acquire their behavior and responses. Pavlov’s classical conditioning theory is about
the idea that behaviors of humans and even animals can be learned through associations between
stimuli in the environment which lead to changes the behavior. Operant Conditioning is
developed by B.F.Skinner that emphasizes the relationship between behaviors and their
consequences, providing a framework that helps to understand the possible effect or outcomes of
such actions.
Social Learning theory is introduced by Albert Bandura which focuses on the importance of
imitation or interaction and observation that shape behavior. He emphasize that learning is
acquired through social context, role models, and environment that shapes individual and how
they behaved. Furthermore, Edward Thorndike’s Connectionism theory emphasize that learning
is acquired through the associations that is formed by stimuli and response which is reffered as
the Law of Effect. Also Thorndike observe that learning is about the process of trial and error
where they tried different responses in order to know what is the best way that will led to the
desired outcome.
Understanding the difference of these theories as well as its importance and effect is the most
essential in developing a holistic understanding of the process of learning and the mechanisms
where the behavior change. As an individual we must integrate multiple theoretical perspective
to improve the quality of our understanding of the complex process in learning and adaptation.
This approach helps us to determine the gap between theory and practices that will inform us and
give us deeper understanding and appreciation to the process of learning of both human and
animals.
 Objectives
 Compare and contrast Pavlov's classical conditioning theory with operant conditioning,
social learning theory, and Thorndike's connectionism.
 Analyze the mechanisms underlying each theory and their implications for learning and
behavior.
 Evaluate the strengths and limitations of each theory
 Integrate multiple theoretical perspectives to gain comprehensive understanding of learning
processes.
Related Studies
Operant Conditioning Theory
B.F. developed the idea of operant conditioning. Skinner moves the emphasis at the
consequences of voluntary movements and their aftermath. In keeping with this paradigm,
movements have exceptional tiers of electricity depending on the effects they yield. Operant
conditioning emphasizes the effect of rewards and penalties on voluntary behavior.
B.F. Skinner, who developed operant conditioning. Skinner claims that all of it started out with
the foundational works "The Behavior of Organisms" (Skinner, 1938) and " Science and human
behavior" (Skinner, 1953). The foundation for fact-operated conduct was laid by means of this
seminal literature, which delivered the notions of punishment and reinforcement. Skinner's
studies indicate that conduct is impacted by unique reinforcement schedules. As an end result,
crucial situations like form, chaining, and extinction had been developed.
Skinner's early works introduced the concepts of reward and punishment, which hooked up the
premise for operant conditioning. relying on what number of advantageous or poor events passed
off inside the area, setup information and behaviors can be reinforced or undermined. in order to
analyze the subtleties of reinforcement regimens, Skinner performed meticulous experiments that
tested how the rate and duration of conduct are impacted by the frequency and timing of rewards.
moreover, he contributed to the shaping of the essential thoughts via providing definitions for
concepts like "shaping," that is the process of time and again reshaping complex moves with the
aid of successive approximations, and "chaining," which is the act of becoming a member of a
person's behaviors to shape a sequence.
Skinner finished his analysis of the role of education in "The technology of teaching" (Skinner,
1968), presenting proof that operant conditioning theories must rework training methodologies as
well as imparting sensible recommendations for creating educational substances and developing
observe spaces that are favorable to gaining knowledge of. Skinner's paintings highlighted the
importance of powerful reinforcement in selling intrinsic motivation and lengthy-term memory
of statistics. Expanding upon the seminal paintings of Skinner, Alan Kazdin's complete review of
operant conditioning (Kazdin, 2016). Kazdin delves into the complexities
of behavior exchange methods, inspecting facts that suggest operant conditioning standards may
be used to address a staggering range of behavioral issues, from addictions and phobias to
disruptive behaviors in youngsters. Utilizing the treasured resource of combining study findings
and medical understanding, Kazdin gave practitioners evidence-based
methods for imposing effective conduct amendment interventions.
To sum up, operant conditioning is a complete framework that consists of all
theoretical ideas and useful packages for conduct modification and statistics. This concept has
been defining our knowledge of human behavior and influencing strategies for conduct in a
spread of contexts, from training and treatment to organizational control and the
past, given Skinner's groundbreaking experiments and cutting-edge research by means
of university college students like Kazdin.
 Social Learning Theory
Social learning theory, developed by Albert Bandura, offers the concept that humans select up
new skills through watching and copying the actions of others as well as via receiving direct
reinforcement. children who had been uncovered to competitive models had been more likely to
display comparable aggressive behaviors themselves, as indicated by Bandura's Bobo doll
experiment. This concept highlights the fee of observational learning and contends that humans
can pick out up new behaviors just with the aid of gazing others, with out necessarily receiving
tremendous reinforcement or poor reinforcement.
Within the framework of the educational paradigm, Bandura's social analysis principle combines
social dynamics with cognitive processes. In his landmark courses, "Social learning theory"
(Bandura, 1977) and "Social foundations of thought and action" (Bandura, 1986), it underwent a
dramatic advancement. Modeling, self-efficacy, and observational analysis are important factors
that influence how people behave, as these groundbreaking studies demonstrate.
Bandura and Walters discover the essential concepts of social studying in "Social learning and
personality development" (Bandura & Walters,
1963), offering empirical proof to aid the important role of modeling in conduct acquisition. In
step with their studies, humans now examine matters not most
effectively via direct grievance but also via vicarious evaluations, wherein they see and take
in other human being's actions. The foundation for comprehending the intricacies of social look-
at strategies and their outcomes for personal boom was hooked up by this groundbreaking piece
of artwork.
Bandura's contributions to the sector of social studies have had a massive impact on
our knowledge of how humans perceive, act, and broaden inside social conditions. Bandura's
theory hyperlinks cognitive techniques with social interactions to offer a complete framework for
comprehending the concepts underlying human learning and conduct in a much wider variety of
contexts.
 Classical Conditioning Theory

Pavlov's principle of classical conditioning examines the technique of time and again pairing
impartial stimuli with reflexive responses to form connections. In line with this speculation, to
start with neutral stimuli can cause reflexive behaviors and provide an explanation for how
associative hyperlinks are created inside the mind.
Based on his groundbreaking paintings "Conditioned reflexes: An investigation of the
physiological activity of the cerebral cortex" (Pavlov, 1927), Pavlov's principle of classical
conditioning converted behavior analysis and facts. Pavlov confirmed that animals are
trying to discover ways to hyperlink food and physiologically sizeable wearing sports to one
another such that reflexive reactions are brought on. He did
this through extraordinarily cautious research with puppies. This tremendous perception served
as a foundational idea for contemporary behavioral psychology, presenting a dependent approach
to information about how environmental cues have an impact
on conduct through strategically located systems.
Rescorla provides intensity to our understanding of
associative studying strategies collectively, together with his seminal analysis of Pavlovian
conditioning, which is captured in his seminal art work from 1988. Rescorla emphasized that
predictability and contingency are important additives of conditioning and that figuring
out the degree of conditioning results is largely dependent on how properly stimuli and responses
are related. Rescorla's artwork advanced our know-how of the essential mechanisms guiding
predetermined behavior by highlighting the placement of cognitive techniques in conditioning
and the use of the effective device of sturdy traditional conceptions.
Building on the seminal work of Pavlov and Rescorla, Domjan's complete textbook, "The
principles of learning and behavior" (Domjan, 2018), provides a thorough analysis of the
capabilities and uses of classical conditioning for some of the domain names inside the destiny.
Domjan investigates the strategies utilized in advertising, advertising,
and advertising strategies to fulfill the necessities of classical conditioning with the intention to
setup connections among products and reviews, which intern influences consumer conduct.
Further, Domjan talks about the restoration of classical conditioning, which centers and modifies
conditioned responses to address maladaptive behaviors, such as addictions or phobias.
Domjan's paintings highlight the practical packages of these theories in normal conditions
by efficiently demonstrating the power of classical conditioning theories to influence
human conduct.
Taken collectively, this foundational research expands on our knowledge of the
way techniques and conditioning strategies have an effect on conduct, emphasizing the numerous
mechanisms through which establishments affect behavior. From
lab tests to real international programs in remedy, advertising, and cultural studies,
the understanding received from the works of Pavlov, Rescorla, and Domjan is
preserved, constructing our records of human behavior analysis.
 Thorndike's Theory of Connectivism
Thorndike's theory of connectivism places vast emphasis on the regulation of effect and
explores the relationship among stimuli and reactions. In keeping with this rule, behaviors
that provide high-quality consequences are much more likely to be repeated; however, behaviors
that produce negative effects are less likely to achieve this. Thorndike confirmed how
organisms learn by making mistakes, after which, step by step, they
reinforce successful movement as a result of their advantageous consequences through the use
of puzzle bins and animals in his investigations.
Thorndike's connectionism is credited as a pioneering technique for documenting how
animals perceive and modify their environment in his landmark painting "Animal intelligence:
An experimental study of the associative processes in animals" (Thorndike,
1898). Fundamental to Thorndike's principle is the idea of the regulation of effect, which
demonstrates that actions are influenced by the superb outcomes they have. In other words, a
movement has a much better danger of being repeated within the destiny if it results in
an entire reward or remaining outcome; however, behaviors that have bad effects have a
much lower chance of going on once more. This concept served as the muse for what's now
known as operant conditioning, a vital psychological idea that examines how reinforcement can
both enhance and decrease behavior.
Thorndike's contributions to the sector of getting to know are very well tested in
Catania's complete textbook, "Learning" (Catania, 1998). Thorndike's paintings are located in a
larger framework by using Catania inside behaviorism, a college of thinking that emphasizes
the examination of observable behaviors and their contextual elements. Catania affords insights
into the improvement of behaviorist ideas and their effect on our knowledge
of research methods via an examination of Thorndike's experiments and theoretical requirements.
As in the case of several other notable behaviorists, Skinner builds on Thorndike's thoughts in his
philosophical ebook on time and training (Skinner, 1965). The practical implementation of
behaviorist standards in educational settings is a forte of Skinner's artwork. On the way
to mildew applicable behaviors,
he helps teach strategies that offer instantaneous remarks and hire reinforcement methods. Throu
gh the combination of Thorndike's theories with coaching practices, Skinner demonstrates how
behaviorism can be used to apply more effective education strategies and decorate the mastery
of outcomes. Together, Thorndike, Catania, and Skinner create a number of ideas within
the behaviorist framework for residing, increasing the opportunities for understanding.
The observation of operant conditioning and the law of effect owes an awful lot to Thorndike's
groundbreaking studies. In Catania's appraisal, Thorndike's artwork is placed within the larger
framework of behaviorism, with the simplest passing reference to its historical improvement and
ramifications. In the long run, Skinner's possible packages show how Thorndike's theories can
be applied to concrete coaching techniques, highlighting the importance of
behaviorist requirements in both human and animal conduc
 Comparative analysis
In evaluating and reading Pavlov's classical conditioning principle, operant conditioning, social
gaining knowledge of ideas, and Thorndike's connectionism, it is vital to don't forget their
mechanisms, strengths, and limitations as mentioned in associated studies. Pavlov's Classical
Conditioning: Mechanism: Pavlov's idea revolves around the association between an impartial
stimulus and an unconditioned stimulus to provide a conditioned response. Through repeated
pairing, the impartial stimulus will become a conditioned stimulus, eliciting the conditioned
reaction. Strengths: Pavlov's classical conditioning presents an easy but powerful explanation of
how involuntary behaviors are discovered and maintained. It has enormous programs in diverse
fields, such as medicine, advertising, and marketing. limitations: even as powerful for
knowledge, reflexive behaviors, classical conditioning may additionally oversimplify human
conduct, neglecting cognitive approaches and voluntary moves. Operant Conditioning (B.F.
Skinner): Mechanism: Operant conditioning focuses on the relationship between conduct and its
consequences. Conduct is bolstered or weakened primarily based on the outcomes
(reinforcement or punishment) it produces. Strengths: Operant conditioning gives a clean
framework for understanding how voluntary behaviors are obtained, maintained, and changed. It
has sensible applications in conduct amendment and schooling. limitations: Critics argue that
operant conditioning overlooks inner mental strategies and character differences in getting to
know. It may also increase moral worries regarding the use of punishment. Social learning theory
(Albert Bandura): Mechanism: The social studying principle emphasizes the functions of remark,
imitation, and modeling in gaining knowledge. Individuals analyze by staring at others'
behaviors, effects, and versions' characteristics. Strengths: The social mastering idea accounts for
complicated behaviors now, not without problems defined with the aid of classical or operant
conditioning. It highlights the impact of social context and cognitive tactics on getting to know.
boundaries: Social studying theory might also oversimplify the role of environmental factors and
forget man or woman variations in learning styles. It additionally requires cautious attention to
the characteristics of models and the observer's cognitive processes. Thorndike's Connectionism:
Mechanism: Thorndike's connectionism focuses on the formation of institutions among stimuli
and responses based totally on the law of effect. Behaviors leading to favorable effects are
bolstered, while those resulting in adverse effects are weakened. Strengths: Connectionism offers
a mechanistic reason behind how behaviors are learned through trial and error. It has practical
applications in informational animal behavior and educational practices. limitations: Thorndike's
concept may additionally oversimplify gaining knowledge of processes by focusing entirely on
stimulus-reaction associations. It is also able to forget the function of cognitive approaches and
character variations in getting to know.
 Conclusion

Every gaining knowledge of theory offers valuable insights into the mechanisms
underlying conduct acquisition and exchange. Pavlov's classical conditioning highlights
the significance of associative getting to know in reflexive behaviors, at the same time as operant
conditioning emphasizes the role of effects in shaping voluntary moves. Social getting to
know theory expands upon those ideas by using thinking about observational learning and
modeling, even as Thorndike's connectionism specializes in trial-and-error mastering and
stimulus-response associations no matter their variations those theories supplement each
different in supplying a complete information of mastering techniques. Integrating a couple
of theoretical views lets in for a nuanced technique to schooling and conduct change, thinking
about each environmental affects and individual differences. With the aid of acknowledging the
strengths and limitations of every principle, educators and psychologists can increase greater
powerful strategies for selling getting to know and facilitating behavior change.
 Reflection
The method of performing a comparative analysis has been enlightening, offering suspicious
insights into the complexities and actual-world applications of every foundational gaining
knowledge of idea. thru this analysis, it has emerged that each foundation brings its personal
angle and set of concepts to the desk, adding to our information of the way learning takes area
and how behaviors are shaped. The key lesson learned from this mirrored image is the
importance of incorporating various viewpoints into educational practice. As I have come to
understand, educators can meet the needs and learning patterns of all students by embracing the
minor distinctions and variations among many theories. Such empathy and inclusivity create a
far more dynamic and effective learning environment in which every person can succeed and
achieve their full potential.
 References

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