Chapter

1. Ans: (c)
7 Complex Variables
The complex number z = x + jy
Sol: Given that z = x + iy (1) satisfying the equation is Iz + 11= 1
= z* = x - iy . (2)
Adding (1) & (2), we get 5. Ans: (b)
z+z* Sol: Let f(z) = ez = ex + iY
x = Re (z) -
2 Then f(z) = ex eiY = ex (cosy + i siny)
f(z) = ex[cos(y +2nit) + i sin(y + 2nit)]
2. Ans: (d) f(z) = ex ei (Y +2"x) V nEI
Sol: eiP = cos(1) + i sin(j) (1) f(z) = ex -F iy + i2ror = ez nel
= cos. ) - i sin(l) (2) f(z) = f(z + 2niir) V nE1
Adding (1) & (2), we get eZ is a periodic function of period 2ni.

cos 4' =
ei4) + e-i4)
2 06. Ans: (a)
z-1
Sol: Given w = where w = f(z) = u + i v
3. Ans: (b) z +1

Sol: Given that i= az+b —dw+b

w= = f(z)<=>z = (w) =
Let y=i cz+d cw —a
Then log y = i log i —w-1
z=
in in
w-1
log y= i log i= i loge 2 (•.• i= e2 ) Unit circle is given by Izi = 1
7C 7C Consider 1 z 1 < 1 which represents inside of
logy= ixi- =- -
2 2 this unit circle I z 1= 1
It
—
— w -1
y=e 2 (or) •1 =e 2 <1
w-1

4. Ans: (b) 1 u + iv + 11 < 1 u + iv - 11

Sol: The general equation of circle is given by 1(u + 1) + iv 1 <1(u - 1) + iv 1
Iz - 41= r, where zo is centre & radius is r. (u+ 1)2 + v2 < (u _ 1)2 + v2
Now the equation of the given circle is u2 + 1 ± 2u + V2 < U2 + 1 — 2u + v2
lz + 11= 1 (or) lz - (-1)1=1 4u < 0
centre = (-1, 0) and radius = 1 u<0

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-1 9. Ans: (a)
The function w = maps the inside
z +1 Sol:
of unit circle in the z-plane to the left half of
the w-plane.

7. Ans: (c)
Sol: By the properties of modulus of z we have
2
z 2 z2
=k 2
z1 z21 k2,
2 2 2
Z1 + Z 2 Z1 — Z2 =2 For a given circle centre is (5,5) and radius
Z + 2 z2 1 2
is 2
option (c) is wrong.
(i.e., not a property of IzI ) OC = -NIOA2 + AC2 = A/25 + 25

= -X) = 5A/2
8. Ans: (a) OB = OC — BC
Sol: I = sec z dz = 1 dz , where 'c' is the = 5-‘/ —2
cos Z
The minimum distance from the origin to
unit circle I z I = 1.
the circle is 5..k. — 2
1
Singular points of are given by
cos z
10. Ans: (a)
cosz = 0 Sol: Given that z3 =
z= ± (2n +1) — n = 0,1,2,3, z3z = 2z = z 2
2 2
Z = 1
But 1 has no singularities in the given option (c) is correct.
cos z
region unit circle Iz =1. 11. Ans: (a)
By Cauchy's Integral Theorem, we have 1
Sol: Given w = u + iv = — log (x2 + )+ i tan-I (I)
2
I = 0, singularities set = (13, in zl =1
Putting x = z and y = 0 in the given
i.e., option (a) is correct.
function, we get
w = log z which is not defined at origin
(0, 0).
w = u + iv is not analytic at origin (0, 0).

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12. Ans: (d) 2

x2 + y2 = Cl where c1 = ec
1
Sol: Given I = 2 dz where C is Iz —ji = 2 The above equation represents the set of
c z + 4
concentric circles with centre as (0, 0) and
21
The integrand function has singular radius c1 .
z +4
points at z = ± 2i.
14. Ans: (a)
But only z = 2i lies inside C.
z3-6
By Cauchy's Integral Formula, we have Sol: I — dz
c 3z-i
I — 1 dz 1
z2 +4 z3 -6
C =— dz
3
1
dz
(z+ 2i)(z-20
tz-ni/3 Z3 6 has a singular point at
The fulznI=Cio
z — i/3
1
f z+2' i
I dz z = — which lies inside the given region C.
z-2i 3
By Cauchy's Integral Formula, we have
= 27ci 13
•
1 z3 -6 1
z+2i ),-21 dz = — 2iri -6
3 iz1 z-i/3 3 3
( 1 It
I =27ci
2i + 2i J 2 27c
= — - 47n
81
13. Ans: (b)
Sol: Given function is w = lnz , where w = u + iv 15. Ans: (d)
and z=x+iy Sol: same as Q 03.

1 rv
w= — log(x2 + y2 )+ i tan-I 16. Ans: (b)
2 x sin z
Sol: Given that f(z) = 3
Z
u= 1log(x 2 + y2 ) & v = tan-' (.Y)
1 3 Z5 Z7
Z
f(z)= z—+ —+
But given that u = constant (c) 3! 5! 7!

1 1 z2 z4
1lOg (X 2 + y2 = c =
z2 3! 5! 7!
log(x 2 ± y2 = 2c = 1 1 (Z — 0)2 (Z — 13)4
+
x2±y2 = e 2c
(Z — CO 2 3! 5! 7!
.*.z = 0 is a pole of order 2
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17. Ans: (a) 20. Ans: (b)

Sol: Given (I) = x2 — y2 for f(z) = u + iv 1
Sol: I = j 1+ dz where c is z-- =1
= (i) w z2 2
Also given that xi; (x,y) = 0 at x = 0, y = 0 1
Singular points of are given by 1 + z2 = 0
Consider dye = y1X dx + Wy dy 1+ z 2
dw = — (I) dx + (1)x dy ~z=±i
dw = — ( — 2y) dx + 2x (dy)
But only z = i lies in the contour z-- =1
w(x, y) = 2xy + k 2
But w(0,0) = 0 By Cauchy's Integral Formula, we have
(2) (0) (0) + k = 0 I— f 1 dz
k = 0 and stream function is w(x,y) = 2xy (z _0 (z + i)
f 1/(z + i)
I= dz = 27ri f(i)
18. Ans: (b) z
Sol: Given that f(z) = (1)(x,y) + i yr (x,y) where
where f(z) — 1
(1)(x,y) and w(x,y) have continuous 2nd order z +i

derivatives.
I = 2 Tu i = ic
\
For the function f(z) = (I) + i y to be
analytic function, the (I) and w must satisfy
21. Ans: (a)
Canchy — Reimann equations .
a ad) Sol: I= 1 dx
i.e., and D s2 —1
ax ay ax ay
option (b) is correct. =f
D 1) (S + 1) ds
1
19. Ans: (b) The singular points of 2 are given
s —1
Sol: Given that z = by s2 — 1 = 0 i.e, s = +1
But only s = 1 lies in the given contour D.
1 h. By Cauchy's Integral Formula, we have
iz = — + --1 = w ,
—
2 2 1/(s +1) ds 2 f(1)
where w is a root of x3 =1 _ / s —1
4
1424
• =W
where f(s) — 1
s +1
Z4 = W vv3 = )
I=2n =li i

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22. Ans: (b) 25. Ans: (d)

Sol: Consider -5+10i _ (-5+10i) (3-4i) Sol: Given that sinz = 10
3+ 4i (-3+ 4i) (3-4i) eiz- e"'z
- 10
- 5+10i -15+20i+30 i +40 2i
3+4i 9+16 1
--= 20i
- 5+10i 25+50 i eiz
= 1+ 2i
3+4i 25 (elz)2 - 20i(eiz) - 1 = 0
= - (-20i) ± V- 400 + 4
23. Ans: (a)
2
1
Sol: Given that f(z) - 20i ±
(z + 2)2 (z - 2)2
2
But z = 2 is a pole of f(z) of order 2
20i ± 6i 11
R1= Res (f(z) : z = zo) 2
Lt ((z - zo =10i±311
/Ji
(m-1) ! [ dzm-'
iz = log[i (10±3411)]
RI = Res (f(z) : z = 2 )
1 y t d2-1
= logi+ log (10±3 11)
(z - 2)2
• (2 -1) ! [ 2 dz2-1 ( (z + 2)21 (z - 2)2
iz = logl +i(-2 ±2n7r)+log(10
(-2) -1
Rl = Lt
z—>2 [ (Z + 2)3 32 (
> iz = i -71 ±2rin +log (10+3 i11)
2
24. Ans: (a)
Z 2±2nirj-ilog(10±3,/ii)
dz =f (j)(z)
1-
Sol: Given that I - cos z dz
z z- z0 where n = 0, 1, 2,
where C is the unit circle I z I = 1. Sinz = 10 has infinite number of
cos z complex solutions.
The function has a singular point at
z
z = 0. 26. Ans: (d)
But z = 0 lies inside the unit circle C: Iz1= 1. Sol: Given that X(z) - IzI>a
.*. By Cauchy's Integral Formula, we have -a2

zn-1
Z
I= f cos z dz =2TC i (1) ( 0) Let f(z) = X(z) -
JcJ z (z-a)2
. I -= cos (0) = 27c i z"
Then f(z) = (
oz
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Here z = a is a pole of f(z) of order 2 29. Ans: (d)

2 Z I= 1+ f(z)
Res(f(z): z = a) = It Sol: dz , where C is 1z1 = 1 and
z—> a dz ( (z-a) Jc z
n an-1 f(z) = co + ciz-1
= zn-1 =
z.-4 a
= co + —
c1
z
27. Ans: (d)
1+ co + (c1 /z)
dz
Sol: Given that f(z) — z 2—I C
z +1
The singular points of f(z) are given z + co z + c
I— dz
z2
by z2 + 1 = 0 i.e. z = i C

The integrand function has a singular point

28. Ans: (c) at z 0.
cos (2 TC Z) But z = 0 lies inside the unit circle C.
S01: I — dz
(2z —1) (z — 3) By Cauchy's Integral Formula, we have

(I)(z)
z+c0 z+c
I— dz
dz s z2
c z — z0 C

where C is the unit circle 14 = 1 2 j l

— F (0)
The integrand function has singularities at 1
1 where F(z) = zo + co z + c1
z= — and z = 3.
2 Fl(z) = 1 + co + 0
1
But only z = —
2 lies inside the circle z =1. I = 2 it j ( 0 + 1 + co )
;. I = 2 Tc j ( co + 1 )
By Cauchy's Integral Formula, we have

_ 1 f {cos (27c z)}/(z — 3) dz 30. Ans: (d)

2 (z-1/2)
Sol: Consider
ejz1 = (x+iY)
1
I= — —
2 2) = lejx-Y1
= le Y1
cos (2 it z)
where 1(z) —
z—3
271i
I— cos x + jsin x =1 )
5 =

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: 343: Complex Variables

31. Ans: (b) 34. Ans: (d)

Sol: Given that x3 = j where j = Sol: Consider (3 — 2i)(3 + 4i) = 9+12 i-6i-8 (i2)
By verification, the given equation x3 = j = 17 + 6i
satisfies with option (b).
35. Ans: (b)
j
One of the root of x3 = j is +— Sol: Given that f(x + iy) = (x3 — 3xy2) + i 4)(x,y)
2 2
= W(x,Y) 4)(x,Y)
32. Ans: (a) where w(x,y) = x3 — 3xy2
g sin z wx = 3x2 — 3y2 and wy
Sol: I _ , dz
z = — 6xy
O(z) Consider d4) = 4 dx + dy
dz , where c is a circle with
c z zo d4) = — WY dx + wx dy
centre at origin. d4) = —(0-6xy) dx + (3x2-3y2) dy
sin z 6x y 3 3 +k
The function has a singular point 40, 3')
22 3
at z = 0 which lies inside the circle c. (or) 4) = 3x2 y — y3 is a required function
By Cauchy's Integral Formula, we have
sin z 36. Ans: (b)
I— dz
z—0 3 + 4i 3 + 4i
Sol: Consider
I= 2 TC j (KO) where (10) = sin z 1-2i 1-2i
I = 2 TC j (sin 0)=2 it j (0) 3 + 4i A/9 +16
I=0 1-2i lE 4
3 + 4i 5
33. Ans: (c) — =
1-2i
Sol: Given that u = xy for f(z) = u(x,y)+i v(x,y)
ux = y and uy = x 37. Ans: (a)
Consider dv = vx dx + vy dy
Sol: Given that 0)3 = 1 (or) co =13 where w is the
dv = — uy dx + vy dy
cube root of unity.
dv = — x dx + y dy
But, we know that, sum of the cube roots of
x2 y2
v= — + k unity is zero
2 2
2 2
i.e. 1 + + co2 = 0
V —X
= + k is a required 1 co+co2 +1
2 l+co+ — —0
co co
imaginary part of f(z).
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38. Ans: (d) R1 = Re s [X(z) :z = 0]

Sol:
(1-2z) 1 !
= Lt (z-0) .
z — plane Z-30 z(z-1) (z-2) 2

R2 = Res [X(z) :z =1}

(1-2z) —1
= Lt (z-1) = -= 1
z (z —1) (z — 2)1 -1
R, = Res[X(z) :z = 2}
I — .I 1z2 +3 dz
c —z j (1-2z) = —3
2 2 = Lt (z-2)
Z-->2 Z (Z — 1) (Z — 2) 2
Z2 +8
—2 dz
c z —3 j 40. Ans: (a)
(1)(z) f -3z+4
=2f dz Sol: I= dz
z2 +4z+5
C Z — z0
where C is x2 + y2 = 16 or 1z1= 4 =if (z) dz

2 +8 where C is the unit circle Izi = 1.

The function z has a singular point at
z —3 j —3z+4
The function f(z) — has singular
z = 3j which lies in the given region C: IzI=4 z2 +4z+5
By Cauchy's Integral Formula, we have points at z = —2 + i and z = — 2— i
f z+2 8 But the given contour does not contain any
I= dz 2 TE j 4(3j)
c z — 3j singular points.
=—2nj By Cauchy's Integral Theorem, we have
where 4(z) = z2 + 8 —3z + 4 dz
I= f 2
z + 4z +5
sz2 +8
I=2 dz
cz -3i 41. Ans: (c)
= 2(-2 It j)=-4 IC j
1 1
Sol: f(z) = ez = 1+ 1 + + +
z 2 ! z2 3!z3
39. Ans: (c)
1 1 1
1-2z = +— + +....
Sol: Given that X(z) — z — 0 2!(z-0)2 3!(z-0)3
z(z -1)(z — 2)
RI = Res(f(z): z = 0) = 1 (..• coefficient of
The poles of X(z) are 0 , 1 , 2 which are
l/z in the above expansion)
simple poles.
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sh.S.

Here C is a unit circle IzI = 1 and the By Cauchy's Integral Formula and
singular point z = 0 lies inside C. Cauchy's Integral Theorem, we have
.*. By Cauchy's Integral Formula, we have 1
I= 1 2ni [ 1 + — 2in (0)
2 z 2
f ez dz = 2rci (RI )
zci
I=—
2
= 21ci (1) = 27cV=1

45. Ans: (d)

42. Ans: (a)
Sol: Given that the point z inside of the unit
Sol: Consider (1+ i) (2-5i) = 2-5i + 2i +5
circle Izi = 1 is within the first quadrant.
• (1+ i) (2-5i) = 7-3i
i.e. Izi <1 (1)

43. Ans: (d) 1

But the given transformation is w = — or
Sol: Given that u = 3x2 — 3y2 for f(z) = u + i v
1
uX = 6x and uy = —6y z=
w
Consider dv= v,t dx+ vy dy
Now jz1<1
dv =—uy clx -Fu.dy 1
1 —1<1
dv = — (0— 6y) dx + 6x dy
v(x,y) = 6xy + k is a required an Iwl > 1 which represents the region
imaginary part of f(z). outside the unit circle lwl =1 of the w-plane

44. Ans: (b) But w = = x

2 z x + y2 x2 + y2
z
Sol: I = f dz
c z4 w=u+iv
If the point z = (x, y) lies in the first
z2
quadrant of z-plane then the corresponding
(Z2 -1) (Z2 + 1) dz
point w = (u, v) lies in the fourth quadrant
.12 if (z21—1) (z2 +1) dz )
of the w-plane.

46. Ans: (a)

I=2
-1 2 c z2 +1 Sol: Given that i = V=-
1- = x
dz+ dz Let y xx
— 2 (z —1)(z +1) 2 I (z i)(z — Then log y = x log x
Only z = —1 lies inside the circle lz+11 = 1. log y = i log i

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44 4,4,

1TC in
. (31
= iloge 2 (..• i= e 2 ) e13"14 = COS — ism —
4 4
. TC TC
logy= ixi— = — —
2 2
49. Ans: (a)
z2 — 4
y=e 2 Sol: Given I = 2 dz
c z + 4
47. Ans: (c)
- c z zo
(z)
' dz
2
Sol: Given that f(z)= 1
z+1 z+3 where C is the circle Iz—il = 2.
f(z) has singular points at z = —1, —3 z2 — 4
The singular points of f(z) = are
But only z = —1 lies inside the circle lz+11=1 z2 +4A
By Cauchy's Integral Formula and given by z2 + 4 = 0
Cauchy's Integral Theorem, we have z2 + 4 = 0
1 1 z = 2i, — 2i
i f(z)dz = f 1az 2 dz
2,71i cj 2.7Ej _ c z+1 c z+3
But only z = 2i lies inside 1z — i = 2
1 r
if (z)dz = 1 f 1 dz — ...By Cauchy's Integral Formula, we have
27ti c 2itj z+1

1 [2 Tcj (I) (-1)] I-f z22 —4dz

f (z)dz = 0— 1 z +4
2n j C 27cj
f (z2 — 4)/ (z + 2i)
dz
where .1)(z) = 1 z —2i
[z2-41
48. Ans: (b) I = 276 = —47c
z+2i z=2i
Sol: We know that i = ein12
i = 1= e -in/4 50. Ans: (c)
z2 — z + 4j (z)
Vq = (_01/2 = -in/4 Sol: I _1 dz = f ~(z) dz where C is
ic z+2j c z — zo
And — i = i3 the circlelz1 = 3.
= eikt/2
z2—z+4j
•\I/2 i3n/ 4 The function f(z) — has a
1) —e z + 2j
Square root of —i are ei764, ei3nR1 singular point at z = —2 j.
But z = — 2j lies inside the circle 1z1= 3
e = COS( —TC ) + isin (-7°
4 4

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4

By Cauchy's Integral Formula, we have 53. Ans: (b)

+ z + 4j _ . . Sol: Consider l i = (cos 2n7c + i sin 2nir)'
I= dz - 27cj (1)(- 2 j)
2 j)] (n = 0, 1, 2...)
it = ei2nn ) i
= 27-cj [-4 + 2j + 4j]
= e 2nn
= 27cj [6j - 4]
= 27c (-6 - 4j) It is always real and non-negative.
All the values of multi-valued complex
r
2
- z + 4j
dz - -4743 + 2j) function 1 are always real and non-
C Z — 2.0
negative.
51. Ans: (c)
54. Ans: (c)
Sol: Given that u = CY cos x for f(z) = u + i v Z2

~u,t =-e Ysinxanduy =-eYcosx Sol: The function f(z) = z2 has singular
-1
Let v(x, y) be the required imaginary part of
points at z = 1 and z = - 1.
analytic function f(z)
But only z = 1 lies inside the circle lz-11= 1
av av
Consider dv = —dx +—dy By Cauchy's Integral Formula, we have
ax ay 2 2
Z
, I = f z dz = f dz
= --dx + —ay z2 -1 (z +1)(z -1)
ay ax
( 2
= c--Y cos x dx - e-Y sin x dy Z
\z+l1
+1
= d (CY sin x) I dz
z -1
v(x, y) = e-Y sin x + c
z2
I = 2rci = Tr i
52. Ans: (c) Z 1
z=1
Sol: Let w = u + iv = f(z) = z z*
Then f(z) = (x + iy) (x - iy) 55. Ans: (c)
f(z) = x2 + y2 1+i (1+i)(1+i)
Sol: Consider
f(z) = 1 (... I zj= 1) 1-i 2
f(z)=1+0i 2i .
=-=1=0+1
u= 1 and v = 0 2
Let x + iy = 0 + i
All the points on 's' in the z-plane are
mapped to the point (1, 0) in the w-plane. ... Argument = tan-1 (Z =
\ tan-1 -
1
x1 0
TE
= tan -1 (00) = _
2
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3:f —dz = log 3 + log i — log 5

56. Ans: (c)
Sol: Given that u(x,y) = 2xy for f(z) = u + i v 5
ux = 2y and uy = 2x
31dz (3
Let v(x, y) be the required imaginary part f — = log + log i
5 5
of analytic function f(z)
av av
Consider dv = — dx + — dy 31 dz
( in \

ax ay — = —0.511+ log e 2
1
5 z
au
= --dx + dy 3 dz
aY ax = —0.511+ i
5 2
= —2x dx + 2y dy
v(x, y) = —x2 + y2 + k 31 dz
I— = —0.511 + 1.57 i
5
57. Ans: (c)
Sol: Given that u(x, y) = x2—y2 for f(z) = u + i v 59. Ans: (b)
ux = 2x and uy = — 2y 2 — 3i
Let v(x, y) be the required imaginary part of Sol: Given that z =
—5+i
analytic function f(z) z— (2-3i) (-5—i)
av x
Consider dv = — dx + dy (-5+i) (-5—i)
ax ay
-13+13i
au au z=
dv = --dx + —dy 26
aY ax
1 i
dv = 2y dx + 2x dx 22
dv = 2(x dy + y dx) = 2 d(xy)
v(x, y) = 2xy + c 60. Ans: (b)
Sol: Given that f(z) = g(z) + h(z)
58. Ans: (b) If g(z) and h(z) are differentiable at zo then
f3 dz their sum f(z) is also differentiable at zo.
Sol: Given that I =
5 (Property of functions of complex variables)
3i
fdz option (b) is a correct statement.
(log z)35'
5 z
3i
dz
= log 3i — log 5
5

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Eagineering Publications : 349: Complex Variables
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61. Ans: (b) 63. Ans: 10

b
Sol: I = dz = 431(z) dz where c is Izi = 1 Sol: Given that f(z) = az + where a = 2, b = 4
C z c — z0
z cz + d
1 and c = 5.
The function f(z) = —2 has a singular point
z Also given that f(zi) = f(z2) B Z1 z2
at z = 0 which lies inside the circle Izi = 1
2z, + 4 2z2 + 4
By Cauchy's Integral Formula, we have
5z, + d 5z2 + d
f--1-2-az — f 1 , dz — ( Gs) — 10 ziz2 + 2dz1 + 20z2 + 4d
cz c (z- o) +1 1.1!
= 10 ziz2 + 20z1 + 2dz2 + 4d
62. Ans: (a) 20(z2 — zi) + 2d(zi — z2) = 0
9 (2d — 20) (zi — z2) = 0
Sol: Given that f(z) —
(z —1)(z + 2)2 2d — 20 = 0 (... z i z2)
The function f(z) has singular points at z = d= 10
and z = — 2.
z = 1 and z = — 2 are poles of order 1 and ' 64. Ans: (b)
order 2 respectively. 4)(z)
Sol: Let f(z) = f(z) =
RI = Res [f(z) : z = 1] (z—zo )n+l
RI = Lt [(z-1) f(z)1 1
z—> I

9 (z — zo)n+l
_1
(1+ 2)- Then f(z) has a singular point at z = zo.
R2 = Res [f(z) : z = —2] I= f f (z) dz=f 1 nI dz
(z — zo)
1
Lt [--
ci {(z+2)2 f(z)}1
(2 —1)! z dz where c is the circle Iz— zol = r.
But the singular point z = zo lies inside the
= Lt {(z+2)2 x 9 2 circle zol = r.
z—>-2 dz (z-1)(z+2)
By Cauchy's Integral Formula, we have
_ dz
R2= Lt { (z 9
z-9-2 1)2 c (z — z0 r
—9 276(")
— (zo ) = 0
(— 2 —1)2 n!
= —1

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4 4.

65. Ans: (a) (b) Let f(z) = z2

Sol: Given that zi= 5 + (5 )i and Then f(z) is analytic at every point
2 within and on circle C : Izi = 1.
+ 2i By Cauchy's Integral Theorem,
A/3
we have f f (z) dz=f z2 dz = 0
5-‘h
arg(zi) = tan-1 C C
5
i.e., option(b) is a correct statement.
= tan-1 0)
3
(c) Let f(z) = 1 = ~(z)
r 2 z (z—z0 )
& arg(z2) = tan -1
`2/13 1 Then f(z) has a singular point at z = 0.
But z = 0 lies inside unit circle C: 14=1.
= tan 1 0 =
3 By Cauchy's Integral Formula,
we have
arg = arg(zi ) — arg(z 2 )
\ Z2 / (I)(z)
dz= f 1 dz
7T 7T z — zo C z—z0
= =0
3 3 = 2 Tri(I)(0)

66. Ans: (d) = 27c i (1)

z = 2 TC
Sol: (a) Let f (z) =
z2 —1 1 1
dz = 1 (27t0= 1
z 27ci c z 27n
(z-1)(z+1) i.e., option(c) is also a correct statement.
Then f(z) has a first order pole at z = 1.
R1 = Res [f(z) : z = 1] (d) Let u + iv = f(z) = 2 = x — iy
Then u = x and v = — y
R1 = Lt [(z-1) f(z)1
z—>l ux = 1 vx= 0
uy = 0 vy = — 1
R1 = Lt(z-1)
[
z-->1 JZ-F1)(Z-1) Here ux # vy and vx = — uy
i.e One of the C — R equations ux = vy is
1
_ not satisfied.
2
f(z) = 2 is not analytic function and
option(a) is a correct statement.
option (d) is not true.

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4.

67. 68. Ans: (b)

Sol: Let f(z) = Re(z) = x + i(0) = u + i v 2z + 5
Sol: Let f(z) —
Then u = x and v=0
ux = 1 Vx = 0
( z—i1)(z2 -4z+5)
4)(z)
U = 0 V = 0
z — zo
1 1
Re{z} dz — x(dx + idy) .....(1) Then the singular points of f(z) are given by
27ci c 27-ci c
where C is the unit circle Izi = 1 (z--
1 )(z2 —4z+5) = 0
Put z = ele
z = 1z = 2 i
= cos0 + i sin° 2
Re(z) = cos0, dz = i e'0 dO, 0—> 0 to 2rc 1
But only z = —
2 lies inside the circle IzI =1
Now (1) becomes
1 1 and z = —
1 is a Pole of order one.
j Retzl dz = —ycosOie'° dO 2
2Thi c 21ti c
RI = Res [f(z) : z = 1]
1 211-`
J (cos()) [cos° + isin0] dO
2Tc 0
SRI = Lt (z-1) f (z)
0 + sin 20
z—>-
1 2
2
1 j.2 {cost l d0
2 7c 0 2
1 )+ 5
2 (-
f2n{i 1+ cos.) i sin 20 } d0 SRI =
2 24
2ic 2 ) 2 1)2 11 3
—4 +5
2 (2)
2ii
= 1 f[0 + sin 20 ]+ — cos 201 By Cauchy's Residue Theorem, we have
4 2 0 2z+5 . 48
dz = 27rt =
=1 sin 4ic + i — cos 4n cos 0 3
[2,7c + (z--1 )(z2 — 4z + 5)
47c 2 2 2 2
1
{27t+i(--
1 +1)} 69. Ans: (b)
4rc 2 2
Sol: Given that f(z) = z + z* = (x+iy) + (x—iy)
1 r
{
Redz =1 f(z) = 2x
27-ci c 2
But z* is continuous and not analytic.
f(z) is continuous but not analytic
function.

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lit ACE t Engineering Publications : 352: Engineering Mathematics

70. Ans: (a) By Cauchy's Integral Formula, we have

Sol: Given that f (z) = 1 + (1—z) + (1—z) 2 + . . s (I)(z)
dz =
sin z
= 1 — (Z — 1) +(z— 1)2 — (Z — 1)3 + (Z — 1)4+ — zo r+1 (z — 2rcj)2+1 dz
1 —I
= [1+(z-1)] = = 2rt j 4(2)(2t)
z
(... (1 +x) 1 = 1 —x+x2 —x3 +x4 — ) = 2 rc j [—
d2 4(z)1
dz2 z=2nj
71. Ans: 1
= 2 it j [—sin z]z=270
2 +1
Sol: Let f(z) — z
z2 —1 = 2 7T j [—sin(2rcj)]
(I)(z) = 2 rc j [— j sinh2rc]
z — z0 1 sin z 1
dz = 27cj [—j sink 2rci
Then f(z) has singular points at z = 1 and 27c (z — 2Tcj)3 27c
z = — 1.
= sinh2rc
But only z = 1 lies inside the given unit
= — 133.87
circle C : Izi = 1.
73. Ans: 0
By Cauchy's Integral Formula, we have
Sol: Given that f (z) = 2z3 + b IzI3 and b = 0
z2 +
f(z) = 2z3 + 0 (for b = 0)
1 s z2 +1 z +1
dz — 1 f(z) = 2z3 which is a polynomial in z.
2rcj c (z2 —1) 2rcj a (z —1)
f(z) is analytic every where only when
= [27cj 4)(1)] b = 0.
27rj
74. Ans: 1
— 1 [274z2+1)
27cj z +1 z=1 \ sin(z)
Sol: Given that f(z)= 2
1 z2 +1 z
dz = 1
27,; f (z2 — 1) 1 z3 Z5
f (z) = - 7. Z ---I--- }
z` 3! 5!
72. Ans: — 133.87
1 z 3
f(z) = — — — +
sin z 4(z) z 3! 5!
Sol: Let f(z) —
(z-2rcj)3 (z—z0 )n+1
z—0z—0
f(z) = 1
Then f(z) has a singular point at z = 2rcj. z—0 3! 5!
But z = 2rcj lies inside the given contour C.

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Engineering Publications : 353: Complex Variables
44 _ 4..'•
... Res [f(z) : z = 0] = 1 which is the :. v(x, y) = -x2 + y2 + constant is a required
1 imaginary part of an analytic function f(z).
coefficient of in above expansion of
z-0
sin (z) 77. Ans: (a)
f (z) =
z2 • sin(x) dx
Sol: I=
-OD
x2 + 2x + 2
75. Ans: (b)
Im(elz)
(1:1(z) ez Let f(z) =
Sol: Let f(z) - z2 + 2z + 2
(z-z0 ) z-2 Then poles of f(z) are given by z2+ 2z+ 2 =0
Then f(z) has a singular point at z = 2. z=-1±i
(i) But given that a singular point z = 2 is Rl = Res(f(z):z = - 1 + i)
inside a contour C. eiz
=Lt [Z—(-1-Fin
By Cauchy's Integral Formula, [z-(-1+i)] [z-(-1-i)]
we have e
i(-1+0 Ci-1
1 ez 1 1-270 4)(211 -1+i+1+i 2i
dz
27-cj (z -2) 2rcj z = -1 - i does not lie in the upper half
= e2 plane.
= 7.39 r I (eiz)
(z)dz = 2 dz
z : 2z + 2
(ii)But given that a singular point z = 2 C C

outside a contour C. = Im[27c41 )1

By Cauchy's Integral Theorem,
= Im[27ci( e i )]
we have 2i
1 ig ez 1
dz = =0 = Im kce-1(cos(1)- i sin(1))]
IrcjI(z -2) 27cj
nsin(1)
e
76. Ans: (a)
Sol: Given that v = 2xy for f(z) = u + i v 78. Ans: -1
vx = 2y and vy = 2x Sol: Given that u = 2kxy and v = x2 - y2
as, By Cauchy - Riemann Equations, we have
Consider dv = — dx +dy
ax ay ux = vy and vx = - uy
au au Consider ux = vy
dv = dx + — dy
(3Y ax 2ky = -2y
dv = -2xdx + 2ydy k = -1

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&wing Publications : 354: Engineering Mathematics

79. Ans: (b) 81. Ans: (d)

3z —5 2 +1
Sol: Let f(z) — Sol: Given that f (z) = z
(z-1)(z-2) z2 +4
Then f(z) has singular points at z = 1 and The singular points of f(z) are given by
z = 2. z2 + 4 = 0.
z = 1 and z = 2 are first order Poles of z=±2i
f(z) f(z) has singular points at z = 2i and
RI = Res [ f(z) : z = 1] z = —2i
R1 = Lt [(z-1)f(z)1
82.

• RI = Lt [(z 1) (3z 5) 1= 2 Sol: cos z = cos (x + iy) = cos(x — iy) = cos 2-

1 (z— 1)(z 2)
R2 = Re s [ f(z) : z = 2] 83.

R2 = Lt [(z— 2)f (z)1 Sol: f(z)= 1

2 (z — 4Az +1)'
(3z-5) Residue of f(z) at z = 4
• R2= Lt [( z 2)
z 2 (z-1)(z-2)1 =1 = [Res f(z) ]z=4 = 1t (z — 4)f (z)
z 4
For the path in option(a), the value of the 1
integral is given by =z-*4(z+1)3
i
g 3z — 5 1 1
, dz 27t i(2+1) =
(z — 1Xz — 2)
(4 + 03 ▪ 125
= 6ni
Resf(z)=-
1 T d 2 {( 03 1 3
For the path in option(b), the value of the z= —1 2! z-':1-1dz2 z (z — 4)(z +1)
integral is given by
1 { 2
3z — 5 = — Lt
, dz 2n i(2) 2 — 4)3
(z — 1)(z — 2)
= 4ni 2 t —125 j 125
option (b) is correct
84.
80. Ans: (b) 2
Z —1 (z _ 1)e
Sol: A function which satisfies the Laplace Sol: Let fv) = 2 ez =
z +1 (z+iXz—i)
equation is called a harmonic function.
z = i, —i are simple poles lying is side 'C'
option (b) is correct.

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[Res f(z)]Z _ i = It {(z-i)f(z)} - 3

Z-41
=(1+02 fx2dx4+2i+i2 ) x
(i 2_0e; 2 0 - 3 10
= --e' = iel
2i 2i
= (1+ 2i -1) _-
[Res f(z)]Z _i = It {(z + i)f(z)} 0/ 3
z->-;
_ 1 _i 87.
e je
(-2i) i Sol:
By Cauchy residue theorem,
r z 2 -1
2 czdz = - ie
C
z +1

= (ei -
= -27c {[cos(1) + i sin(1)]
The point z = 2 lies inside Izi = 3
-[cos(1)-i sin(1)11
z3 -2z+3
= -47ci sin(1) (z dz = ~(z)dzz
2) cz-2
85. where J(z) = z3 - 2z + 3
z2 +1 (0 ) By cauchy's integral formula
Sol: Lim 3 0 form
Z + 2z + 2) (I)(z) dz s -27ti(1)(2)
Applying L'Hospital rule C
z-2
2z = 27ri[8-4+3]
= Lim
z->i 3z2 + 2 - i(2z) = 14Tci
2(i) 2i
= 2i
3(-1)+ 2 -420 -3+2+2 88.
Sol: Let, f(z)= (x 2 + ay2 )+ i bxy = u + i v (say)
86. x2 + ay2
Where, u = v = bxy
Sol: The equation of the line C is y = x
= 2x , = -by
dy = dx uy = 2ay , v = bx
Then x varies from 0 to 1. Using C-R equations, we have
Now, u„ = vy & uy = - v„
I = f (x2 + iy2 )dz 2x = bx & 2ay = -by
b = 2 , a = -1
= f (x2 + ix2 )(dx idx)
0

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