2.

CORRUPT COLONIAL OFFICIALS

PROVISIONS OF - an able militarist but heartless general,
- With few exceptions, the colonial was widely detested by Filipino people
EDUCATIONAL DECREE OF officials sent by the Spain to the by executing Dr. Jose Rizal.
1863 Philippines in 19th century were a far
cry from their able and dedicated 5. Other spanish colonial officials were of
predecessors of the 16th, 17th, and the same evil breed as the degenerate
- Establishments of teacher training
18th century. governor generals mentioned. (either
school
relatives or friars)
- Government supervises the public
2. CORRUPT COLONIAL - became rich by illegal means or by
school system
OFFICIALS marrying the heiresses of rich Filipino
- Use of Spanish as medium of instruction families
in all schools
1. General Rafael de Izquierdo (1871-
- Establishment of one primary schools
1873)
3. Philippine
for boys and for girls in each of major
Representation in
town - responsible in executing the three
innocent fathers Mariano Gomez, Jose Spanish Cortes
DEFECTS OF EDUCATION SYSTEM DURING
Burgos, and Jacinto Zamora.
SPANISH TIME - The Philippine representative was Don
Ventura de los Reyes who together with
1. Emphasis on religion 2. General Fernando Primo de Rivera
other delegates signed the hallmark
2. Absence of academic freedom (1880-1883 & 1897-1898)
Cadiz Constitution of 1812.
3. Racial discrimination - enriched himself by accepting bribes
4. Limited curriculum from Gambling casinos which he - Unfortunately, the representation of the
JOSE RIZAL: LIFE, WORKS, AND WRITINGS permitted Philippines in Spanish Cortes was
abolished in 1837.
SECOND EDITION
3. General Valeriano Weyler (1888-1891) - Graciano Lopez Jaena, “ ... so our
Philippines of Rizal’s time aspirations may be known to the mother
- Arrived in Manila a poor man, nnaging
country and its government.”
1. INSTABILITY OF COLONIAL millionaire
ADMINISTRATION
- Received bribes from Chinese for 4. Human Rights Denied
- From 1835 - 1897, the Philippines was evading the anti-chinese law
ruled by governor generals, each to Filipinos
serving an average of 1 year and three 4. General Camilo de Polavieja (1896-
months per term. 1897)
- The Spanish authorities who cherished
human rights or constitutional liberties
in Spain denied them to the Filipinos
“ Why we fall in such anomaly, such as 7. Racial Discrimination Republic Act 1425
combining our claim of liberty of ourselves, and
our wish to imposed our law on remote people? Spaniards and their mestizo satellites called
Why do we deny other the benefit which we
desire for our fatherland?”
brown-skinned and flat nose Filipino people as
“indios”
Rizal Law
- Sinabaldo de Mas, Spanish economist and
diplomat
- During Rizal’s time, a white skin, a high nose, - Spanish Colonial Rule
and Castilian image were a badge of vaunted
superiority. - The Philippines was a colony of Spain
for over 300 years, from 1565 to
5. No Equality before the 1898.
Law 8. Frailocracy or -
“government by Friars”
- The Spanish colonial authorities, who were Emergence of Filipino
Christians, did not implement Christ’s percept of - Friars acquired tremendous political power,
influence, and riches in the last decade of their Nationalism
brotherhood of all men under the fatherhood of
God. ruling
Throughout the 19th century, a sense of
- They can send patriotic Filipino to jail or nationalism and desire for reform began
- The last decades of Spanish rule regarded today grow among the Filipino elite
brown-skinned Filipinos as inferiors and treated denounce him as “filibustero”, an enemy of God
them as their slaves. and country, to be executed.
Jose Rizal's Influence
9. Forced labor or “polo y servicio”
6. Maladministration of through his writings and actions, he became a
10. Haciendas owned by Friars symbol of the Filipino struggle for social and
Justice political reform.
11. The Guardia Civil
- justice were costly, slow, and partial when it Execution of Rizal
comes to poor Filipino
Jose Rizal was executed by a firing squad on
- courts of “injustice as far as brown-skinned December 30, 1896, for his involvement
Filipino people were concerned

- a rich man or Spaniards whose skin was white,

can easily achieve victory in any litigations.
 “Province of Rizal,” in honor of the most pursue and fight for their nation's
Legal Basis of Rizal Law illustrious Filipino. freedom, especially in the face of
threats or potential invasions.
Enactment What is a Hero? 6. Sixth is that heroes are those who
define and contribute to a system of life
of freedom and order for a nation.
Republic Act No. 1425, also known as the • Hero means a prominent or central
Rizal Law, was signed into law on June 12, personage taking an admirable part in any 7. Seventh is, heroes are those who
1956, by then-President Ramon Magsaysay. remarkable action or event. contribute to the quality of life and
The law was sponsored by Senator Jose P. • person of distinguished valor or enterprise destiny of a nation.
Laurel. in danger, or fortitude in suffering. 8. Eight, a hero is part of the people’s
• A man honored after death by public expression (the citizen must have
worship because of exceptional service to recognized and acknowledged the
Mandate mankind. person as a hero).
9. Ninth, a hero thinks of the future,
The Rizal Law mandates that all educational especially the future generations, his
On March 28, 1993, thru the President’s
institutions in the Philippines, whether public
Executive Order No. 75, the National Heroes concern for the future generations must
or private, at the elementary, secondary, and
Committee was created, commissioned to be seen in his decisions and ideals).
collegiate levels, should include in their
curricula the life, works, and writings of Jose study, evaluate and recommend historical 10. Lastly, the choice of a hero involves not
Rizal. figures to be declared as national heroes. The only the recounting of an episode or
Committee composed of worthy members, with events in history, but of the entire
a series of discussions came up with the new process that made this particular
Rationale criteria. person a hero.

The law's primary purpose is to promote and

instill a sense of patriotism and nationalism Filipino Hero through
among Filipino students. It recognizes the Standards for being a "Hero"
importance of Jose Rizal's contributions to time
Philippine history and his role as an 1. First, the extent of a person’s sacrifices
inspiration for the quest for independence. for the welfare of the country.
2. Second, A hero's motives must be
JOSE RIZAL
selflessly focused on the welfare of the
Defining A Filipino country, and their methods of attaining • Jose Rizal became the Philippine national
hero because he fought for fre edom in a
their ideals should be morally upright.
Hero 3. having a strong, untarnished moral
silent but powerful way. He expressed his
love for the Philippines through his
character without any moral issues that
novels, essays and articles rather than
compromise their ideals is essential.
- The concept of honoring heroes came
4. The fourth is the influence of the
through the use of force or aggression.
only to the Philippines in 1900, when
person concerned on his age and or
the Philippine Commission approved the succeeding age.
Act No. 137 combining the districts of 5. Fifth, heroes are those who, with a
Morong and Manila to be named as deep sense of patriotism, actively
 Why did Jose Rizal become the 4. Apolinario Mabini 50 lines in El Filibusterismo were
5. Marcelo H del Pilar offensive to the Church doctrine
national hero of the 6. Sultan Dipatuan Kudara
7. Juan Luna
Philippines? 8. Melchora Aquino
9. Gabriela Silang
Criteria SEN. FRANCISCO RODRIGO
1. A hero who is not violent and militant, PRO-RIZAL LAW - A vast majority of our people are at the
and if possible, preferred peaceful means same time Catholics and Filipino
like education SEN.CLARO M. RECTO citizens. As such, they have two great
2. A hero who had no qualms on American loves: their country and their faith.
imperialism, and
3. A hero who is already dead - Senate Bill 438 Known as the Rizal Bill, These two loves are no conflicting
was authorized by Senator Claro M. loved. They are harmonious affections,
Recto, also known as Father of Rizal like the love of a child for his father and
Steps done by the American Law for his mother. This is the basis of my
Colonial Government stand. Let us not create a conflict
1. The creation of Rizal Province CONG. JACOBO Z. GONZALES between nationalism and religion; the
2. The erection of Rizal Monument government and the church (Laurel, Jr.
3. The declaration of Rizal Day on - filed a similar bill (House Bill No. 5561) 132).
December 30 as a public holiday in the House of Representatives

The Controversy in Rizal Law PRES. JOSE P. LAUREL

• refers to a state of disagreement or - proposed a substitute bill. The inclusion
dispute, often characterized by opposing of all works and writings of Jose Rizal,
viewpoints, conflicting opinions, or
competing interests. not just the two novels, was the main
• often involve public or societal debates, feature of this bill. He then stressed the
where conflicting viewpoints are actively removal of the term "compulsion" to
discussed, argued, and contested. appease the opposition.

List of Recommended ANTI-RIZAL LAW

National Heroes
CHURCH
1. Jose Rizal
2. Andres Bonifacio - Inimical to the tenets of the faith to
3. Emilio Aguinaldo which 170 lines in Noli Me Tangere and
 LECTURE 3 mature emotionally and develop
- He used "Jose Rizal" as his name at
patriotic sentiments.
Ateneo to avoid scrutiny due to his
RIZAL’S LIFE: Higher family's ties to the secularization • During his free time, Rizal took
movement. painting lessons from Agustin Saez
Education and Life and sculpture lessons from Teodoro
- Rizal's first professor was Father Romualdo de Jesus.
Abroad Jose Bech, and he organized his • He sculpted the images of the Virgin
studies to excel academically. Mary and the Sacred Heart of Jesus.
- • Father Jose Villaclara, S.J.
Ateneo De Manila The Ateneo education focused on
encouraged Rizal to also focus on the
"Ad Majorem Dei Gloriam" (For the
Greater Glory of God). sciences and philosophy to broaden
- Ateneo was renowned as the most - Rizal passed his oral examination in
his knowledge.
prestigious boys' college for its 1877, earning a Bachiller en Artes
exceptional teachings. degree with top honors. LITERATURE FOR RIZAL
- From 1872 to 1877, Rizal studied at - He excelled academically, using his
Ateneo de Manila under the guidance time in boarding school to - The first poem that Rizal wrote as a
of Jesuit priests. outperform Spanish classmates. student was entitled Mi Primera
- Initially, Rizal attended Ateneo - He was mentored by Father Pablo
Inspiracion (My First Inspiration). This
poem was dedicated to his mother
Municipal (formerly Escuela Pia). Pastells, S.J., and was active in the during her birthday, but according to
- Rizal's father considered sending him Academy of Spanish Literature and some, this was a work of his cousin.
to Letran for high school but the Academy of Natural Sciences,
ultimately chose to enroll him in prestigious organizations for
Ateneo instead. literature and science enthusiasts. UNIVERSITY OF
- Rizal took the entrance exam at
STA. ISABELA COLLEGE STO.TOMAS
Colegio de San Juan de Letran on
June 10, 1872, accompanied by his
• Rizal received private lessons at • Rizal completed his Bachiller en
brother Paciano.
Santa Isabel College to become Artes at Ateneo and decided to
- Entrance exams for boys' colleges proficient in Spanish and improve his pursue higher education at a
were held at Letran because the poetry writing skills. university.
Dominicans oversaw Ateneo at the • Father Francisco Paula de Sanchez • Doña Teodora was initially against
time. guided Rizal in developing his poetry this decision due to fear of her son's
- Initially denied admission to Ateneo skills. safety, but Don Francisco sent Rizal
due to late registration and physical • Rizal wrote poems on religion, to UST, the Dominican University of
stature, Rizal was later accepted with education, and childhood the Philippines.
the help of Manuel Burgos. experiences, which helped him • Rizal was uncertain about his course
of study, with suggestions including
 priesthood, farming, literature, law, • Rizal's distractions in Manila Juventud Filipina (To The Filipino
or medicine. included romantic interests, starting Youth) and El Consejo de los
• Paciano discouraged Rizal from with Segundina Katigbak. Dioses (The Council of the Gods)
studying law due to political • He also courted Leonor Valenzuela were recognized as the best entry
conditions in the country. and Leonor Rivera, his first cousin. in the competition.
• Rizal began his freshman year at • Rizal's busy social life and
UST at the age of 16, majoring in involvement in activities like gang LITERARY WORKS
Philosophy but taking courses in fights, parties, and cutting classes
Cosmology, Metaphysics, Theodicy, affected his academic performance.
A La Juventud Filipina
and History of Philosophy.
• He also studied surveying at Ateneo, LIBERALISM AND LITERARY WORKS - This poem won the grand prize in the
excelling in the course but being contest wherein Rizal received a silver
unable to practice the profession due • Liberal ideas were significantly quill for sharing his talent in poetry.
to his age. introduced in Manila owing to the
• Rizal received the title for his culmination of the Spanish Civil - A La Juventud Filipina was considered a
excellence in surveying on Wars, the opening of Suez Canal, great work in Philippine literature for
November 25, 1881. and the availability of the Philippines the following reasons: one, the Spanish
• After his first year, Rizal changed his to world trade. authorities noticed that it was the first
course to Medicine to fulfill his goal • Filipino students were heavily best poem in Spanish written by a
of curing his mother's eyesight influenced by the entry of these ideas Filipino; and two, it showed that the
failure. and were exposed to the significant Filipinos were the fair hope of the
revolutions of 19th century in the motherland — a nationalistic concept
ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE AT UST country such as: revolution against that portrayed Rizal’s love for the
monasticism; human reason against country. In his piece, he clearly
• Rizal's performance at UST was not the comforting certitudes of the mentioned that Philippines is his
as outstanding as his achievements at catechism; and race and nation motherland, Mi Patria.
Ateneo. against inequality and subjection.
• Factors contributing to his • To support the production of - In the poem, he stated that the youth is,
unhappiness at UST included literary works in Manila, the Liceo “THE FAIR HOPE OF THE MOTHERLAND”
Dominican professors' attitudes, Artistico Literario de Manila, an (La Bella Esperanza de la Patria Mia).
racial discrimination against Filipino organization of art lovers in the
students, and dissatisfaction with city, initiated regular competitions El Consejo de Los Dioses
UST's teaching methods. in literary writing.
• Rizal's scholastic records indicated • •Rizal joined the contests to prove - This is one of Rizal’s entry in the literary
his lack of interest in a medical that the Filipinos can be equal and contest of 1880. The poem was
course, with average grades in even surpass the Spaniards in announced as the best entry in the
medical subjects. literary prowess. competition that year. However, the
• His true vocation was in the arts. • • Sponsored by the association in jury knew that its author was a Filipino
1879 and 1880, his works, A La so they decided to confer the grand
 prize to a Spaniard. Even though Rizal
did not receive the best award, he had
- My muse, stuttering with - He condemned the humiliation of
tenderness, Sings to her among the brown Filipino students, who were
proven that Filipinos can compete with naiads and undines; I offer her my most of the time insulted by their
other races in a fair play irrespective of happiness and fortune. Dominican mentors.
the superiority of the Spaniards.
- With green myrtle and purple - He also criticized the archaic method
roses And Madonna lilies crown of instruction at UST.
Junto Al Pasig
her pure brow, O artists, and sing - He ridiculously described the
- At the request of the Jesuits, Rizal the praises of the Philippines! teaching of Physics devoid of
wrote a one-act play and was staged at laboratory experiments.
Ateneo in celebration of the Feast Day ACTIVISM AT UST - Favoritism and skin color were bases
of Immaculate Conception on
for getting the good grades.
December 8. The play was essentially • Rizal stood as a leader in student
considered as continuation of Rizal’s activism when he was studying
appeal to the Filipino youth to rebuke philosophy and medicine in UST. EXPERIENCING SPANISH
foreign individuals for causing them • Rizal, being the front-runner, was
misery. recognized for winning the brawls
BRUTALITY
because of his determination and
Filipinas Dento de Cien Anos skills in fencing and wrestling.
• There was also a time that Rizal was
- In February 1880, Rizal wrote a sonnet
dedicated to the Philippines that aimed
wounded due to a fight with the
Spanish students of Escolta, Manila. RIZAL’S LIFE
at encouraging Filipino artists to thank • “Compañerismo” - The members
the country through their art works.
This is the most passionate poem about
were called Companions of Jehu, the
patriot general of the Jews. Rizal is
ABROAD
the Philippines written by Rizal. the president of this secret society BARCELONA
and Galiciano Apacible was the
- Warm and beautiful like a houri secretary. • Left Calamba on May 1, 1882.
from heaven, Gracious and pure • Left Manila on May 3, 1882.
like the rising dawn When it Compañerismo • He went to Europe.
colors the sapphire clouds, There • He wanted to make a name for
sleeps a goddess of the Indian soil. himself in the field of journalism.
- Rizal’s activism was also expressed in
•
- The light foam of the sonorous sea his disapproval of the faulty and
•
Paciano help Rizal leave the country.
Arrived at the city of Barcelona on
Kisses her feet with a lover’s outmoded system of education in the
desire; The civilized West adores June 16,1882.
university during his time • A celebration at Plaza de Cataluna.
her smile, And the white Pole her
flowered veil.
• It was published in the Diariong • The next year, he passed all his
Tagalog in Manila on August 20, subjects leading to Doctors of
1882 using the screen name Laong Medicine. PARIS
Laan. • June 1885 - Degree of Licentiate in
• It portray the purest, most noble and Philosophy and Letters by the • Rizal went to Paris in order to
courageous human sentiment. It Universidad Central de Madrid with specialize in Ophthalmology even
reminds us of the love, affection and the rating of Excellent though he is a a full-pledged surgeon
gratitude to the Philippines. Other (Sobresaliente.) on November 1885.
forms of sacrifices can be read in the • He posted in Luna's canvas like,
article such as the fathers who gave "The Blood Compact" in which he
up their children for the sake of the posed as Sikatuna and Trinidad as
country. Legazpi.
• It was published in two texts — • He also posed for a group picture
Spanish and Tagalog. The Spanish Circulo Hispano Filipino called "The Death of Cleopatra"
text was the one originally written wherein he dressed as an Egyptian.
by Rizal in Barcelona, the Tagalog • It is an association formed by
text was a Tagalog translation Filipino students in Spain composed GERMANY
made by Marcelo H. Del Pilar. of both Filipinos and Spaniards to
create reforms for the Philippines. • February 1, 1886- He left Paris to
MADRID They conducted informal programs, Germany.
which included poetry reading and • February 3, 1886- Rizal arrived in
• September 1882 - Rizal moved to debates. Heidelberg — a historic city in
Madrid to continue his studies. • Juan Atayde - a retired army Germany, famous for its old
• November 3, 1882 - Enrolled at the officer and a Philippine-born university and romantic
Universidad Central de Madrid and Spaniard. surroundings.
took up Philosophy and Letters in • Mi Piden Versos (They Ask Me for • He worked at the under the
Medicine. Verses) — a poem which showed supervision of University Eye
• Rizal studied painting and sculpture sadness of the son of art who lived Hospital, DR. OTTO BECKER -
at Academy of San Carlos. on aplace away from his origin. distinguished renowned German
• He took lessons in French, German • March 1883 — He joined the Opthalmologist.
and English under private instructors Masonic Lodge called Acacia in • During his stay in Heidelberg, he
at the Madrid Ateneo. Madrid with the masonic name lived with a Protestant pastor Dr.
• He practiced fencing and shooting at DIMASALANG. His reason for was Karl Ullmen, who became his good
the Hall of Arms in Sanz y to secure Freemasonry's aid in his friend.
Carbonell. fight for the Philippines. • “A Las Flores de Heidelberg” (To
• June 21,1884 - Rizal finished his • November 1883 — He transferred to the Flowers of Heidelberg) this was
medical education. He was conferred Lodge Solidaridad, where he become written during his stay in the city of
the degree of Licentiate in Medicine. a Master Mason. Heidelberg.
 • November 1886- Rizal arrived in Philippines during the Spanish • He could not fight better his enemies
Berlin. He was enchanted by the colonization. and serve his country's cause with
scientific atmosphere and the • He discussed herein how the friars greater efficacy by writing in foreign
absence of racial prejudice in Berlin. deceived the Filipinos and made countries.
Through his friend, Ferdinand them blindly believe in the practices
Blumentritt Rizal met; of religion. TRIP TO HONGKONG
• this novel was taken from the gospel
• Dr. Feodor Jagor, great scientist of St. John from the New Testament. • Rizal arrived in Hong Kong on
and author of "Travels in the • The novel was published through the February 8,1888.
Philippines", one of the books Rizal financial help of Rizal’s friend • His fellow Filipinos namely Jose
admired during his student days. Maximo Viola. Maria Basa, Balbino Mauricio and
• Dr. Rudolf Virchow known to be Manuel Yriarte, who were all exiled
the Father of Modern Pathology RETURNED TO CALAMBA in 1872, met Rizal.
• In Hong Kong, he was able to study
• On August 8, he returned to the Chinese language, Chinese drama
Calamba. and theater, Chinese cultures and
RIZAL’S REASONS IN • In Calamba, Rizal established a Chinese values. Rizal even became
STAYING IN BERLIN medical clinic. friends with
• News of the arrival of a great doctor • Rizal arrived in Hong Kong on
• 1. To gain further knowledge in from Germany spread far and wide February 8,1888.
Ophthalmology; • He was called "Doctor Ulliman" • His fellow Filipinos namely Jose
• 2. To improve further his studies because he came from Germany. Maria Basa, Balbino Mauricio and
of sciences and languages; • Rizal suffered one failure during his Manuel Yriarte, who were all exiled
• 3. To observe the economic and six months of sojourn in Calamba. in 1872, met Rizal.
political conditions of the German • In Hong Kong, he was able to study
nation; Farewell Philippines the Chinese language, Chinese drama
• 4. To associate with famous and theater, Chinese cultures and
German scientists and scholars; On February 3, 1888 Rizal left his Chinese values. Rizal even became
• 5.To publish his novel, Noli Me country with a heavy heart. But this is for friends with some Spaniards that
Tangere. his own good and the safety of his family were based in Hong Kong.
and friends.
NOLI ME TANGERE (PUBLISHED TRIP TO JAPAN
IN BERLIN, 1887) Rizal's reasons for leaving the
Philippines • Rizal arrived in Yokohama, Japan
Noli Me Tangere (Touch Me Not) and stayed at Tokyo Hotel on
• His presence in Calamba was February 28, 1888 for a few days.
• It is the first novel which tackled the jeopardizing the safety and happiness • During his stay in Japan, he studied
society and government in the of his family and friends. the Japanese language or Nippongo,
Japanese culture, theatres, martial
 arts and visited Japanese provinces. • to continue to write for La • Rizal was captured and brought to
Rizal appreciated the cleanliness, Solidaridad Fort Santiago on July 6, 1892
politeness, and industry of the • he transferred and became a boarder
Japanese. of the Beckett family.
• Rizal then met O-Sei-San and their • On December 1888, he first met the
romance began when he lived at the leaders of the Propaganda
Spanish legation. They became Movement
friends and later on developed to • Rizal founded the Kidlat Club, the
become lovers Indios Bravos, and the R.D.L.M.
(Redencion de los Malayos)
TRIP TO US • Rizal published Por Telefono

April 28, 1888 IN BRUSSELS, BELGIUM

• the entire boat was quarantined • On January 28, 1890, Rizal left
Paris for Brussels and was
May 4, 1888 accompanied by Jose Alberto
• Rizal cannot focus on writing his
• some passengers were allowed to second novel El Filibusterismo
disembark • Rizal received a news that his family
and relatives were forced to leave
TRIP TO LONDON • The Asociacion Hispano Filipino
was formed, led by Dr. Miguel
• He left New York City on May 16, Morayta
1888 and arrived in Liverpool, • On February 1891, Rizal arrived in
England on May 24. Biarritz, France.
• He was welcomed by Dr. Antonio • He finished his second novel El Fili
Ma. Regidor on May 25, 1888. on March 29,1891.

Reasons why Rizal chose to live in LIFE IN HONGKONG

London
• On November 20,1891, he arrived in
Hong Kong
• to enhance his knowledge on the
• He started to write the constitution of
English language
La Liga Filipina, through the help of
• to have further study on Antonio
Jose Ma. Basa
Morga’s Sucesos de las Islas
• Rizal went back to the Philippines on
Filipinas
June 26, 1892.
 LECTURE 4 • She was known to be a hardworking, OLYMPIA RIZAL (1855-1887)
intelligent, business minded woman.
RIZAL`S LIFE: • Second child of Lorenzo Alonso and Olympia Rizal Ubaldo was born in 1855. She
Brijida de Quintos married Silvestre Ubaldo and together they had
Family, Childhood, and Early Education three children. She died in 1887 from childbirth
SATURNINA MERCADO RIZAL when she was only 32 years old
HIDALGO (1850-1913)
LUCIA RIZAL (1857-1919)
FAMILY OF RIZAL • Saturnina Mercado Rizal Hidalgo
was born in 1818 and was the eldest Lucia Rizal Herbosa was born in 1857. She
• The Rizal family was known to be sister of Jose Rizal. married Mariano Herbosa and had 5 children
well-off family in Calamba, Laguna • She had five children together with together. In 1889 Mariano died due to an
husband Manuel T. Hidalgo and died epidemic but was denied a Christian burial.
• They lived a life of comfort and the same year as her mother in 1913.
prosperity, then considered that his JOSEFA RIZAL (1865-1945)
family belonged to the principalia PACIANO MERCADO RIZAL (1850-
class or the ruling elite of their town. 1913) Josefa Rizal was born in 1865. She was
unmarried lived together with sister Trinidad
•
until death. Josefa was said to have suffered
• Father: Don Francisco Mercado II General Paciano Mercado Rizal aka
from epilepsy. She died in 1945.
"Lolo Ciano" was the only brother of
• Mother: Teodora Alonso Realonda. Jose Rizal.
MARIA CRUZ RIZAL (1859-1945)
• He was born in 1851 and studied in
DON FRANCISCO RIZAL MERCADO Biñan later attending school at the
• Maria Cruz Rizal was born in 1855.
(1818-1898) Colegio de San Jose in Manila.
• After the execution of his brother, he She married Daniel Faustino Cruz of
Biñan, Laguna and together they had
• Rizal’s father was born on May 11, joined in the Philippine Revolution
where he rose up to the ranks of a 5 children.
1818 and was the youngest of his 13
• one of Maria's children became a
siblings. General.
student of Jose Rizal in Dapitan and
• Mercado was a well-respected man
NARCISA RIZAL(1852-1939) was known to be one of his uncle's
in their home town of Calamba in
favorites.
which citizens made him the their
"cabeza de barangay. Narcisa Rizal Lopez was born in 1852 and was
the one who found the unmarked grave of her TRINIDAD RIZAL (1868-1951)
TEODORA ALONSO (1827-1913) brother, Jose in the abandoned Old Paco
Cemetery. Trinidad was the one who received an alcohol
lamp from brother Jose, in which he secretly hid
• Doña Teodora Alonso was born on the "Last Farewell" better known as "Mi
November 14, 1827 in Santa Cruz Ultimo Adios," a poem Rizal wrote on the eve
Manila. of his death in 1896
SOLEDAD RIZAL (1870-1929) As a young boy Rizal witnessed how his • An old man named Leon Monroy, a
former classmate of Rizal’s father.
Soledad Rizal Quintero was born in 1870 making town mates were tortured, treated rudely
her the youngest of the Rizal siblings. She and brutally by the Spanish officials and the • Uncle Manuel Alberto
married Pantaleon Quintero and together they Guardia Civil
had 5 children. Soledad died in 1929. • Uncle Gregorio
Early Education
The Childhood of Rizal
At the Age of 3
- After Monroy’s death, Rizal’s
parents decided to send their son to a
Garden of stories
private school in Biñan.
- Rizal learned the alphabet from his
- He could not forget the times when mother. Paciano Rizál Mercado y Alonso Realonda
the family stayed in the garden with
the nipa cottage made by his father to At the Age of 5 First Day in Biñan School
exchange stories.

The women of Rizal’s childhood - While learning to read and write, - Maestro Justiniano Aquino Cruz.
Rizal already showed inclinations to
be an artist. He astounded his family • Rizal met the bully, Pedro. Rizal,
HIS MOTHER
and relatives by his pencil drawings who was angry at this bully for
and sketches and by his moldings of making fun of him.
HIS AYA
clay. • Rizal having learned the art of
wrestling from his athletic Tio
HIS SISTERS
At the Age of 8 Manuel, defeated the bigger boy.

- Rizal wrote a Tagalog poem, "Sa - After class, a classmate named

The daily family prayer during Angelus Aking Mga Kabata," the theme of Andres Salandanan challenged him
which revolves on the love of one’s to an arm-wrestling match. Rizal
Father Leoncio Lopez language. having the weaker arm, lost and
nearly cracked his head on the
Teodora Alonso Realonda y Quintos sidewalk.
- A big influence in the formation of
the child's character was his
Early Education in Calamba and
association with the parish priest of
Biñan
Calamba, Father Leoncio Lopez.,
because of his sound and clear
judgements. - Maestro Celestino and Maestro
Lucas Padua.