NATURE OF ELECTIONS & POLITICAL PARTIES
Objectives:
1. Analyze the nature of elections and political parties in the
Philippines
2. Write a paragraph on descriptive speech about election, electoral
and party Systems in the Philippines
Rules Governing Elections in the Philippines
The supervision of the elections in the Philippines is under the charge
of the Commission on elections (COMELEC).
In the process of supervising the conducts of elections, the
COMELEC is guided by the rules governing elections as started in
the provisions of Republic Act. No. 7166.
Elections on Campaign Period- campaign period for the President,
Vice President and Senators is 90 days before the election and 45
days before the day of election for members of the House of
Representatives.
Filling of Certificate of candidacy- the certificate of an individual
running for national elections is required to be filed at the main office
of the COMELEC not later the the day prior to the beginning to the
campaign period.
Precincts and Polling Places-every barangay is required to have at
least one election precinct, with each precinct having not more than
300 votes.
Registrations of voters - it is held on the 5th Saturday prior to the day
of election for those who are to reach 18 years of age or before the
day of election and for those qualifies to cast their vote but not
included in the list of voters.
Election is a formal group decision-making process by which a
population chooses an individual or multiple individuals to hold public
office. Thru elections, people exercise their one of the greatest
powers which is right of suffrage or right to vote.
Political party is an organized group of people with at least roughly
similar political aims and opinions, that seeks to influence public
policy by getting its candidates elected to public office.
Types of Election
General Election - held for the purpose of electing national and local
officials simultaneously.
National Elections- conducted to elect the President Vice President
and members of congress
Local Elections - held for purpose of selecting officials in the Region,
provinces, cities and municipalities.
Special Elections - held on a date different from that of regular
election.
Right of Suffrage is also known as the right to vote, is stated in
Section 1, Article V of the 1987 Constitution
Who may EXERCISE SUFFRAGE?
•Every citizen who are at least 18 years old on the Election Day.
•A resident of the Philippines for at least a year ar for at least 6
months on the place he is registering.
•Not otherwise disqualified by law.
•A registered voter.
Who are DISQUALIFIED to vote?
•Any person found to be not normal mental condition
•Who has been found guilty of committing a crime involving disloyalty
to the state (rebellion and treason), except after 5 years from
completion of his sentence
•Any person who has been sentenced for a prison term of not less
than one year, except after 5 years from completion of his sentence
•Common Poster Area - the COMELEC is empowered to designate
common poster areas in the barangay where candidates can post
their election propaganda announcing their candidacy.
•Official Watchers- every political party and candidate is entitled to
one watcher in every olling place and canvassinger.
•Board of Election Inspectors- is constituted by a chairman to one
watcher in every polling place and canvassing center.
•Board of Canvassers- in every province, city and municipality, a
board of canvassers is constituted and composed of provincial
election supervisor.
Major Types of Political Party Systems
1. One-party Systems
•Only one party dominates and there is no political competition
between parties. Single-party system has the right to form the
government, usually based on the existing constitution.
2. Two-party Systems
•A party system when two major political parties dominate politics
within a government. One on the two parties typically holds a majority
in the legislative and is usualy referred to as the majority party while
other is the minority party.
3. Dominant party Systems
•A party system where there is "a category of political organizations
that have successively won election and whose future defeat cannot
be envisaged or is unlikely for the foreseeable future."
4. Multiparty Systems
•A party system in which multiple political parties have the capacity to
gain control of government offices separately or in coalition.
Examples of Political Party in the Philippines:
•Liberal Party
•Lakas-Kampi CMD
•Nacionalista Party
•Nationalist People’s Coalition
•Puwersa ng Masang Pilipino
•PDP-LBN
