1.

Aldol Condensation: We can define aldol condensation as an organic reaction in which an

enolate ion reacts with a carbonyl compound to form β-hydroxy aldehyde or β-hydroxy
ketone, followed by dehydration to give a conjugated enone.

2. Balz-Schiemann Reaction: The Balz-Schiemann Reaction is named after German

scientists Günther Schiemann and Günther Balz. The reaction showcases the conversion
of arylamines to aryl fluorides. The reaction happens through diazotization after which
thermal decomposition of the derived hexafluorophosphate or tetrafluoroborates.
Visit Balz-Schiemann Reaction for more information.

3. Cannizzaro Reaction: The Cannizzaro Reaction is named after Stanislao Cannizzaro. The
chemical reaction signifies the base-induced disproportionation of a non-enolizable
aldehyde. Click here for more information on Cannizzaro Reaction.
4. Clemmensen Reduction: The Clemmensen Reduction reaction is named after a Danish
scientist, Erik Christian Clemmensen. The Clemmensen Reduction reaction shows how to
reduce ketones or aldehydes to alkanes using zinc amalgam and hydrochloric acid.
5. Etard Reaction: The Etard Reaction is named after a French chemist named Alexandre
Léon Étard. The Etard Reaction is a chemical reaction in which a heterocyclic bound or
an aromatic methyl group is directly oxidized to an aldehyde using chromyl chloride.
Visit Etard Reaction for more information.
6. Finkelstein Reaction: The Finkelstein Reaction is named after Hans Finkelstein, a
German chemist. The Finkelstein Reaction deals with the exchange of a halogen atom by
a Substitution Nucleophilic Bimolecular reaction. Click here for more information
on Finkelstein Reaction.
7. Friedel Crafts Reaction: Friedel Crafts Reaction was developed by Charles Friedel and
James Crafts in 1877. The Friedel – Crafts Reaction is a way of attaching substituents to
an aromatic ring. Visit Friedel Crafts Reaction for an in-depth explanation of the reaction
details and mechanism.
8. Gabriel Phthalimide Synthesis: Gabriel Phthalimide Synthesis was discovered by a
German chemist named Siegmund Gabriel. The Gabriel synthesis is a chemical reaction
used to obtain primary amines from primary alkyl halides.
9. Gattermann Reaction: The Gattermann Reaction is named after a German chemist,
Ludwig Gattermann. Also known by the name, Gattermann salicylaldehyde synthesis is a
chemical reaction in which aromatic compounds in the presence of a Friedel–Crafts
catalyst are formylated by hydrogen cyanide.
10. Gattermann – Koch Reaction: The Gattermann–Koch reaction is named after the
German chemists Julius Arnold Koch and Ludwig Gattermann. In a Gattermann–Koch
reaction refers to a Friedel–Crafts acylation reaction in which a Friedel–Crafts catalyst,
hydrochloric acid, and carbon monoxide are used to produce aromatic aldehydes from
various aromatic compounds, including derivatives of naphthalene and benzene. Click
here for an in-depth explanation of the reaction details and mechanism of Gattermann –
Koch Reaction.
11. Grignard Synthesis: A Grignard Synthesis Reaction is a chemical reaction in which
vinyl, alkyl, or aryl-magnesium halides (Grignard reagents) add to a carbonyl group of a
ketone or aldehyde. Visit Grignard Synthesis for more information.
12. Kolbe’s Reaction: Kolbe’s Reaction is a chemical reaction where aromatic hydroxy
acid is produced from the heating of sodium phenoxide with carbon dioxide under a
pressure of about 100 atmospheres and the successful treatment of the resulting product
with sulfuric acid. Click here for an in-depth explanation of the reaction details
and mechanism of Kolbe’s Reaction
13. Reimer- Tiemann Reaction: Reimer- Tiemann Reaction was discovered by Karl
Reimer and Ferdinand Tiemann. They have a private track to test the used for the ortho-
formylation of phenols. Visit Reimer- Tiemann Reaction for more information.
14. Rosenmund Reduction: The Rosenmund reduction was named after Karl Wilhelm
Rosenmund, who in 1918 reported its discovery. A hydrogenation process in which an
acyl chloride is selectively reduced to an aldehyde.
15. Sandmeyer Reaction: The Sandmeyer Reaction was named after Traugott
Sandmeyer in 1884. Sandmeyer Reaction is a chemical reaction in which we use aryl
diazonium salts to synthesize aryl halides. Sandmeyer Reaction provides the capability of
performing some unique transformations to benzene such as hydroxylation,
trifluoromethylation, cyanation, and halogenation.
16. Stephen Reaction: Also known by the name, Stephen aldehyde synthesis, was
discovered by Henry Stephen. This chemical reaction involves the preparation of
aldehydes from nitriles using tin(II) chloride, hydrochloric acid and quenching the resulting
iminium salt with water. During the synthesis, ammonium chloride is also produced. Click
here for an in-depth explanation of the reaction details and mechanism of Stephen
Reaction.
17. Swartz Reaction: Swarts reaction and Finkelstein reactions are halogen exchange
reactions that are associated with alkyl halides. Visit Swartz Reaction for more details.
18. Williamson Synthesis: This a chemical reaction to implement ether synthesis
discovered by Alexander Williamson in 1850. The Williamson ether synthesis is a
chemical reaction for forming an ether from an organohalide and deprotonated alcohol.
19. Wolff – Kishner Reduction: The Wolff – Kishner Reduction reaction was first
reported by Nikolai Kishner in 1911 and Ludwig Wolff in 1912. This is a named reaction in
organic chemistry involving obtaining methylene groups by converting carbonyl
functionalities. Click here for an in-depth explanation of the reaction details and
mechanism of Wolff – Kishner Reduction.
20. Wurtz Reaction: The Wurtz reaction, named after Charles-Adolphe Wurtz, is a
coupling reaction in organic chemistry, organometallic chemistry and recently inorganic
main group polymers, whereby two alkyl halides are reacted with sodium metal in dry
ether solution to form a higher alkane. Visit Wurtz Reaction for more information.
21. Wurtz – Fittig Reaction: The Wurtz–Fittig reaction is the chemical reaction of aryl
halides with alkyl halides and sodium metal in the presence of dry ether to give
substituted aromatic compounds. Click here for more information on Wurtz Fittig
Reaction.
22. Carbylamine Reaction: The Carbylamine reaction is also known as Hofmann
isocyanide synthesis. It is the reaction of a primary amine, chloroform and a base to
synthesize isocyanides. Click here for an in-depth explanation of the reaction details and
mechanism of Carbylamine Reaction.
 23. Fischer Esterification: Fischer Esterification is an organic reaction which is
employed to convert carboxylic acids in the presence of excess alcohol and a strong acid
catalyst to give an ester as the final product. Visit Fischer Esterification for more
information.
24. Haloform Reaction: The Haloform reaction is a chemical reaction where haloforms
are produced by the exhaustive halogenation of methyl aldehyde or methyl ketone with a
base present. Click here for more information on Haloform Reaction.

25 Hell-Volhard-Zelinsky Reaction: The Hell-Volhard-Zelinsky reaction is used for the

halogenation of carboxylic acids at the alpha carbon. Click here for an in-depth explanation of
the reaction.

26. Hoffmann Bromamide Reaction: The Hoffmann Bromamide reaction is used for the
conversion of a primary amide to a primary amine with one less carbon atom.
ion details and mechanism of Hell-Volhard-Zelinsky Reaction