Unit-1

Number System

Presented By: Ms.C.M.Maind

Lecturer in E & TC Department
AISSMS’S POLYTECHNIC PUNE

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•A number system defines a set of
values used to represent a quantity.

• Number systems are the technique to

represent numbers in the computer
system architecture, every value that
you are saving or getting into/from
computer memory has a defined
number system.

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Classification of Number System

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Computer architecture supports following
number systems.

Binary number system

Octal number system
Decimal number system
Hexadecimal (hex) number system

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• A Binary number system has only two digits
that are 0 and 1.

• Every number (value) represents with 0 and 1

in this number system.

• The base of binary number system is 2,

because it has only two digits.

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 Octal number system has only eight (8)
digits from 0 to 7.

 Every number (value) represents with

0,1,2,3,4,5,6 and 7 in this number system.

 The base of octal number system is 8,

because it has only 8 digits

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• Decimal number system has only ten (10)
digits from 0 to 9.

• Every number (value) represents with

0,1,2,3,4,5,6, 7,8 and 9 in this number
system.

• The base of decimal number system is 10,

because it has only 10 digits.

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• A Hexadecimal number system has sixteen (16)
alphanumeric values from 0 to 9 and A to F.

• Every number (value) represents with

0,1,2,3,4,5,6, 7,8,9,A,B,C,D,E and F in this
number system.
• The base of hexadecimal number system is 16,
because it has 16 alphanumeric values. Here A is
10, B is 11, C is 12, D is 14, E is 15 and F is 16.

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Table 1.2 Units in binary Number System

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Table 1.1 Number system with Base & Example

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 Weighted Code

84 2 1

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 Weighted Code

84 2 1

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 Weighted Code

4 2 1

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 8421

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 1. (1𝐴. 4)16 = (? )8
Ans= (1𝐴. 4)16 = (032.20)8 = (32.2)8

2. (2A6)16 = (? )8= (1246)8

3. (032.20)8= ( ? )16

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(63.25)10 = (? )8

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0.5 .5

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(1011) 2=(11) 10

(111010)2=(?)10
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 (293.52)10 = (? )16

(125.851𝐸𝐵)16

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• Up to this point, we have studied various
methods of data representation.
Now, it is important to study data
manipulation.
• Two types of operations can perform on
binary data.
1. Arithmetic operations
2. Logic operations

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• Arithmetic operations=>
It include addition, subtraction,multiplication
and division.

• Logic operations =>

It include operations like AND, OR and NOT.

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Rules for binary addition

OR

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 2
1

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Rules for binary subtraction

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(11110000)2 - (11000111)2 = (? )2

1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0
–1 1 0 0 0 1 1 1
B 1 1 1 1
0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1

(11110000)2 - (11000111)2 = (101001)2

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 Complements of Numbers

1. 1’s complement Arithmetic

2. 2’s complement Arithmetic

1. 1’s complement Arithmetic

Ex.
(11010100)2 1==ON
0==OOF
00101011--- 1’s complement

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𝐴 - 𝐵 = 𝐴 + (-𝐵)

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2’s complement Arithmetic

I.e. 2’s complement =1’s complement +1

Ex. (11000100)2
Step1. 11000100 0011101 1 1’s complement

Step2. 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 1
+ 1
C 11

0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 2’s complement

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Binary Subtraction using 1’s complement

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 Binary Subtraction using 1’s complement
Ex. (28) 10 -(13) 10 =15

1110028---A
0110113---B
10010-- 1’s complement
11 1 0 0  28
+1 0 0 1 0  1’s complement of 13
1
0 1 1 1 0
1
+ 1
0 1 1 1 1 15

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Ex.1. (13) 10 -(28) 10 = (-15)10
2. (9)10 - (4)10 = (5)10

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Binary Subtraction using 2’s complement

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1

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4

00000
+ 1

00001 -(00001)2

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Binary Coded Decimal (BCD) Code Addition

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 BCD

Ans

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 1 7
0001 0111

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 78+59= 137

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 Binary to Decimal conversion:
1. (111010)2=(?)10 Ans. 1. (58)10

2. (1101.01)2 =(?)10 2.(13.25)10

 Octal to Decimal conversion:

1.(6251)8 = (?)10 Ans. 1.(3241)10

2. (37.40)8 = (?)10 2.(31.5)10

 Hexadecimal to Decimal conversion
1. (20𝐴𝐵)16 = (?)10 Ans. 1. (82091)10
2. (𝐷𝐶. 61)16 = (?)10 2. (220.37890625)10
 Decimal to Binary conversion
1.(293.52)10 = (? )2 Ans. 1.(100100101.10000101)2
2. (63.25)10 = (? )2 2. (111111.01)2
 Decimal to Octal conversion
1.(293.52)10 = (? )8 Ans. 1.(445.41217270)8
2. (63.25)10 = (? )8 2. (77.2)8

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 Decimal to Hexadecimal conversion
1.(293.52)10 = (? )16 Ans:1. (125.851𝐸𝐵)16
2. (63.25)10 = (? )16 2. (3𝐹. 4)16
 Octal to Binary conversion
1.(273.52)8 = (? )2 Ans : 1. (010111011.101010)2

2. (63.25)8 = (? )2 2. (110011.010101)2
 Binary to Octal conversion
1.(1010101.0101)2 = (? )8 Ans : 1. (125.24)8

2. (11010.01)2 = (? )8 2. (32.2)8
 Hexadecimal to Binary conversion
1. (273. 𝐴2)16 = (? )2 Ans: 1. (001001110011.10100010)2
2. (𝐸𝐵. 25)16 = (? )2 2. (11101011.00100101)2
 Binary to Hexadecimal conversion
1. (100101101.01011)2 = (? )16 Ans : 1. (12𝐷. 58)16
2. (11010.01)2 = (? )16 2. (1𝐴. 4)16
 Hexadecimal to Octal conversion
1. (1𝐴. 4)16 = (? )8 Ans: 1. ( 32.2)8

2. (12𝐷. 58)16 = (? )8 2. (455.26)8

 Octal to Hexadecimal conversion
1. (56.03)8 = (? )16 1. (2𝐸. 0𝐶)16
2. (237.41)8 = (? )16 2. (9𝐹. 84)16

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 Perform binary addition.

1. (1001110)2 + (11110)2 = (? )2 Ans: 1. (1101100)2

2. (11000111)2 + (11110000)2 = (? )2 2. (110110 111)2

 Perform binary subtraction.
1.(1001110)2 − (11110)2 = (? )2 Ans: 1. (111100)2

2. (11110000)2 − (11000111)2 = (? )2 2. (101001)2

 Perform binary multiplication
1.(11110000)2 × (1010)2 = (? )2 Ans: 1. (100101100000)2
 Perform Binary Division
1. (11110000)2 ÷ (1010)2 = (? )2 Ans: 1. (11000)2
2. (1001111)2 ÷ (110)2 = (? )2 2. (1101)2 𝑤𝑖𝑡ℎ r𝑒𝑚𝑎𝑖𝑛𝑑𝑒𝑟(001)2

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 Perform 1’s complement addition
1. (−83)10 + (39)10 =(? )10 Ans: (−44)10

 Perform 2’s complement

1. (83)10 + (39)10 =(? )10 Ans: 1.(122)10

2.(−83)10 + (39)10 =(? )10 2.(−44)10

3. (83)10 −(39)10 =(? )10 3. (44)10

 BCD Addition

1. (29)10 + (58)10 = (? )10 Ans: 1 . ( 10000111)𝐵𝐶𝐷 = (87)10

2. (637)10 + (463)10 = (? )10 2. (0001000100000000)𝐵𝐶𝐷 = (1100)10

 Find excess-3 code for 597 =______?

 Convert binary number into gray code : (100101)2=_________?
 Convert gray code into binary number : (1000) =_( ? )2

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