ian 41 Contrasts Stop & check rts Eales 3.2 Causes & results eEW. tee Linking words & phrases 455 intentions Were S Eee eae EO ere cts ie) seers Look at the sentence in italics. In what other ways could you say the same thing? Tick (7) the correct sentences and underline the errors. Lusually ike their music but I don't like this particular song. 1 Although 1 usually like their music, | don't like this particular song. 2 Lusually like their music. 1 don't like this particular song, though. 3 Even though I usually like their music, 1 don't like this particular song. 4 However I usually ike their mu: 5 Despite | usually like their music, I don't like this particular song. 6 In spite of | usually like their music, 1 don’t like this particular song. Use Use although/ though/ even though + althe beginning of a sentence or between two clauses + allhave a similar meaning; though is more formal at the beginning of a sentence, but a litle more informal when used between two clauses; even though is more emphatic Use however * atthe beginning of a second sentence Use however though * al the end of a second sentencé, or between two clauses of a second sentence Use yet + between two clauses in the same way as but + 418 emphatic, for surprising or unusual contrasts , {don't like this particular song. Example Although | Though | Even though her job is hard, her salary is low. Hor salary is low, although though leven though her job is hard. Her jab is hard. However, her salary is low. Her job is hard. Her salary is low though | however. Her job is hard. Her salary is low, though | however, ‘80 she's leaving. Her job is hard yet her salary is low. note: You cannot use although in a second sentence in the way that you can use though and however, Itisnot correct to say Her job is-harel-Although, her-salery-is-iow or Her job-is-hard. Her-salary-is-low, although. UNIT 4 45Use in spite of despite at the beginning of the sentence or between two clauses| in spite of despite + noun! pronoun In spite of! Despite her qualifications, she can't find a job. Use in spite of despite + -ing In spite of! Despite leaving early. | arrived late. (I left + when the subject of both clauses is the same early: | was late) Use in spite off despite the fact that + subject In spite of the fact that they live near me, I don't see + verb them very often. + if the clauses of the sentence have different subjects NOT In-spite-of ‘Despite living near me, -don't-often | seethem. > note: do not use in spile of despite + subject + verb, etc. Its not correct to say in spite of she has. qualifications ... Despite /eft early ..«. despite they live near me Use while + to. compare and contrast facts ‘My brother is good at sciences while I'm good at languages. + before a statement thal is true bul is not as important | While | understand your problem, there is nothing | as the statement that follows it ‘can do to help you. Use whereas + to. compare and contrast facts and emphasize the Whereas | like sport, my friends hate it Contrast between these facts, in the same way like sport, whereas my friends hate it. as while Use even so/nevertheless ina second sentence, al the beginning or end, with | / know he has some bad habits. Nevertheless you the meaning ‘although that is true’ or ‘in spite of that’ | — shouldn't be so rude to him. + for emphasizing that the first statement is true but it | / know he has some bad habits. You shouldn't be so does not prevent the second statement from also rude to him, even so. being true Use on the other hand + to introduce a fact or opinion that contrasts with the | it's a nice place to visit. On the other hand, it’s fact or opinion before it rather expensive. Compare even so and even though + even though forms part of a single sentence Even though I explained carefully, she didn't understand me. + even so forms part of a second sentence explained carefully. Even so, she didn't understand me. EY Decide whether the following are correct or not. Correct those which are incorrect. Sarah lost her job recently. However, she soon found another one. | saw a jackel that | liked. Il was very expensive, although, so I didn't buy it. Yel they were the better team, they lost the match. This kind of music is very popular. | don't like it, though. ae Ruth has a very difficult life yet she never complains. \ ied to speak to the manager. Although, he was in a meeting and couldn't speak to me. 1 2 3 4 5. I was looking forward to the party. | felt il, however, so | couldn't go. Se 6 7 a | want to contact John. I've lost his address, although. 46 UNIT 4Ey Rewrite the sentences using the words in brackets. There may be more than one way of doing this, correctly. 1 The weather wasn't very good but we enjoyed the holiday (although) 2 Your success was due to hard work. However, mine was due to good luck. (whereas) 6 You're right in some ways. On the other hand, you're wrong in other ways. (while) | 7 Iwas very angry but | said nothing. (though) 8 ve known her for years but | don't really understand her, (@ven) a 9 We have litle in common but we get on very welt, (although) 10 My sister is very patient. However, I often lose my temper. (whereas) 11 Even though they've lived here for years, they don't know the place 12 Ican understand how you feel. Even so, | don't think you should gel so upset, (while) Rewrite the sentences using despite or in spite of. There is more than one way of doing this correctly. 1 Athough she played poorly, she won the match, 2 The tip was enjoyable even though the weather was bad. 3 apologized to him but he remained angry with me. 5 She worked as hard as she could but she didn't finish on time. UNIT 4 47By Read this story and decide which word or phrase (A, B, C or D) fits into each gap. The Wrong Word For the first time in my life | wos alone In ‘foreign country. 1. Iwasn't worried. re I couldn't speok the language very wel, could make myself understood fairly well $0 I decided fo be confident, aNd 3 wrnnmmne the things | said probably weren't totally Correct, it didn’t Matter 4 suse AREF Wee some difficult moments and this was one of them. | walked into o café, wanting to buy a pineapple juice. 5 | wasn't completely sure of the word for ‘pineapple’. | thought | could remember it. 1 asked for my drink. The walter simply looked at me. 6 nnn that, | tried again, this time saying the same word in a slightly different accent. Later I found out what a stupid mistake Thad made. 7 .. the word | used wos similar to the word for ‘pineapple’, it had a totally different meaning, 8 eavcnnn ths, the walter wrote down my order and went away as normal, 9 thought | could see him smiling when he left. It didn’t matter, 10... , becouse he retumed with the right drink, | was lucky though. | found out later that the word I'd used meant ‘paint’. 1 A Despite B Although C However D Even though 2 AAlthough B However C In spite of D Yet 3 Ayet Beven though —_C however D despite 4 AEven though B Despite C Although D However 5 AThough B Yet C However D Despite 6 ADespite BeEven though —C Although D Though 7 AHowever B Yet C In spite of DAIthough 8 AAlthough B Yet C However Din spite of 9 Aalthough B despite Cin spite of D however 40 A though Byet Ceven though although Write a letter of complaint by forming sentences or pairs of sentences from the following, using the word or phrase in brackets. 1. Ihave phoned you several times about the delivery of my order It has still not arrived. (despite) 2. | understand that this is @ busy period for yau. 1 do not understand the length of this delay. (although) 3 Your staff have been very polite to me. | feel that this situation is unacceptable. (nevertheless) 4 You have given me many promises. Nothing has happened. (in spite) 5 I have been very patient. This will not continue. (however) 6 I don't want to take legal action. | will do so uriless my order arrives within the next few days. (on the other hand) Dear Sir/Madam, eaunenae 48 UNIT 4