AW139 - RFM - 4D Supplement 34

Document N° 4 Axis Enhanced

139G0290X002 Flight Director

The information contained in this document supplements

the information of the Basic Flight Manual.
For limitations, procedures and performance data not
contained in this Supplement, consult the basic
Rotorcraft Flight Manual

SUPPLEMENT 34

4 AXIS ENHANCED FLIGHT DIRECTOR

P/N 3G2210F00211

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Document N° 4 Axis Enhanced
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SUPPLEMENT 34
4 AXIS ENHANCED FLIGHT DIRECTOR
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
GENERAL INFORMATION S34-1
SECTION 1 - LIMITATIONS S34-5
WEIGHT AND CENTRE OF GRAVITY LIMITATIONS S34-5
FLIGHT DIRECTOR MODES LIMITATIONS S34-5
FLIGHT DIRECTOR MODES ENGAGEMENT LIMITS
AND MINIMUM USE HEIGHT (MUH) S34-5
REQUIRED EQUIPMENT S34-6
VOR LIMITATIONS S34-6
COUPLED ILS APPROACH MODE LIMITATIONS S34-7
VGP LIMITATIONS S34-7
SECTION 2 - NORMAL PROCEDURES S34-8
FLIGHT DIRECTOR - GENERAL S34-8
FLIGHT DIRECTOR MODES ENGAGEMENT S34-8
FLIGHT DIRECTOR COUPLED AND UNCOUPLED
OPERATIONS S34-8
COLLECTIVE PI LIMITING FUNCTION S34-10
MODE DESCRIPTIONS S34-12
ADVISORY CAPTIONS S34-20
PFD MESSAGES S34-21
FMS FUNCTIONAL INCONSISTENCIES WITH EPIC
SOFTWARE PHASE 4 INSTALLED S34-22
SECTION 3 - EMERGENCY AND MALFUNCTION
PROCEDURES S34-23
VOICE ONLY MESSAGES S34-23
CAS CAUTION MESSAGES S34-24
AUTOPILOT FAIL S34-24
AUTOPILOT OFF S34-25
SINGLE COLLECTIVE AUTOPILOT FAILURE S34-26
DUAL COLLECTIVE AUTOPILOT FAILURE S34-26
CYCLIC FORCE TRIM RELEASE FAILURE S34-27

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Flight Director 139G0290X002

Table of contents (Contd.)

Page
COLLECTIVE FORCE TRIM OFF OR FAIL S34-27
COLLECTIVE FORCE TRIM RELEASE FAILURE S34-27
FLIGHT DIRECTOR FAILURE S34-28
SINGLE FLIGHT DIRECTOR FAILURE S34-28
DUAL FLIGHT DIRECTOR FAIL S34-28
FAILURE OF SELECTED PFD UNIT WITH FLIGHT
DIRECTOR ENGAGED S34-29
GUIDANCE CONTROL PANEL FAILURE S34-30
AHRS FAILURE WITH FD ENGAGED S34-31
MAU FAILURE WITH FD ENGAGED S34-32
ON SIDE ADS FAILURE ON SELECTED PFD WITH
FD ENGAGED S34-33
ATTITUDE SYSTEM OFF S34-34
GPS FAILURE (SINGLE GPS INSTALLATION) S34-35
GPS FAILURE (DOUBLE GPS INSTALLATION) S34-35
DOUBLE GPS FAILURE (DOUBLE GPS INSTALLATION) S34-35
PFD MESSAGE S34-36
VERTICAL TRACK ALERT CAPTION S34-36
SINGLE RAD ALT FAILURE WITH RHT ENGAGED S34-37
DOUBLE RAD ALT FAILURE WITH RHT ENGAGED S34-38
RAD ALT MISCOMPARE WITH RHT ENGAGED S34-38
GROUNDSPEED VELOCITY FAIL S34-39
SECTION 4 - PERFORMANCE S34-39
PART II - MANUFACTURER’S DATA S34-40
SECTION 6 - WEIGHT AND BALANCE S34-40
SECTION 7 - SYSTEM DESCRIPTION S34-40

LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS
Page
Figure 1 Autopilot Controller S34-2
Figure 2 Guidance Controller S34-2
Figure 3 SAR Guidance Controller S34-3
Figure 2-1 Collective Cue Display S34-12

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List of illustrations (Contd.)

Page
Figure 2-2 HOV Symbology S34-21
Figure 2-3 PFD Messages S34-23
Figure 3-1 MAP Indication on Approach Chart S34-38

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GENERAL INFORMATION
The 4 Axis Flight Director (FD) provides commands that are normally
coupled to the autopilot (AP) for automatic flight path control around
the three axis of the aircraft plus collective. At Power Up one of the
two FD is automatically selected and configured as Master (priority).
At every Power Up the FD selected as Master (priority) is alternated.
The 4 Axis Enhanced Flight Director system is the complete version of
the FD system, it contains all the functions of the 4 Axis Basic Flight
Director (Supplement 40) plus the Hover (HOV) mode.
When coupled, both autopilots drive their actuators to satisfy the
refernces provided by the priority FD.
When uncoupled the pilot can manually fly the commands.
In either case pitch, roll command bars/collective cue are presented
on each PFD, depending on the mode selected.
The FD uses the Navigation source and data reference presented on
the selected PFD. The selected PFD is indicated by the green PFD
couple arrow which is controlled by the PFD button on the Guidance
Controller (See Figure 2). The SAR Guidance Controller (See
Figure 3) is for SAR modes, however, the extra pushbuttons are not
currently operative. Either Guidance Controller can be used with the 4
Axis Enhanced Flight Director system.
A green couple arrow is also presented on the side of the PFD push-
button on the Guidance Controller. When a FD mode is engaged the
coupled function is automatically engaged. The FD may be uncoupled
by pressing the CPL pushbutton on the Autopilot Controller (See
Figure 1). The coupled function is automatically forced to uncoupled
whenever the AP ATT mode is off or becomes inoperative.
Armed and captured FD modes are displayed with messages along
the top line of the PFD: Collective and pitch mode messages on the
left of the selected PFD arrow and lateral mode on the right. Armed
modes are in small white characters and captured or engaged modes
are in medium size green characters. When transitioning from no
mode to engaged, from armed to captured or change from one mode
to another mode the message flashes for 6 seconds then become
steady. When changing from captured to no mode the message
flashes for 6 seconds then extinguishes.

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Armed lateral modes messages are: VOR, VAPP, LOC, BC, LNAV and
captured VOR, VAPP, OS, LOC, BC, LNAV, HDG, HOV.
Armed collective modes are: GS, VGP, and captured ALT, GS, VS,
GA, ALTA, ALVL, RHT, VGP.
Engaged vertical pitch modes are IAS, HOV, DCL, GA.
A chime sounds whenever either a lateral, vertical (PITCH), or vertical
(collective) FD mode changes from its previous state, ie:

— a mode changes from engaged to disengaged or vice-versa

— a mode changes from arm to captured

— a mode changes from coupled to uncoupled.

An aural tone (“bip-bip”) sounds for any change in altitude or radar
height mode reference datum.

ICN-39-A-155034-A-00003-00488-A-01-1

Figure 1 Autopilot Controller

ICN-39-A-155034-A-00003-00489-A-01-1

Figure 2 Guidance Controller

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ICN-39-A-155034-A-00003-00490-A-01-1

Figure 3 SAR Guidance Controller

The Flight Director functions available are as follows:

Mode Function Control PFDCaption

Axis
Arm Capture
(white) (green)
HDG Heading select Roll and N/A HDG
Yaw
ALT Altitude Hold Collective N/A ALT
IAS Indicated Airspeed Pitch N/A IAS
Hold
NAV Lateral Navigation Roll LNAV/ LNAV/
VOR/ VOR/
LOC LOC
APP Lateral Approach Roll VAPP VAPP
LOC LOC
VOR VOR
Vertical Approach Collective GS GS
VGP VGP

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PRV Preselect VOR-ILS N/A As for N/A

approach while in APP
LNAV
DCL ILS Deceleration Pitch DCL DCL
VGP Deceleration
BC Back Course Roll BC BC
Approach
ALTA Altitude Acquire Collective N/A ALTA
VS Vertical Speed Hold Collective N/A VS
GA Go-Around Pitch/ N/A GA
Collective
VGP Vertical Glide Path Collective VGP VGP
RHT Radar Height Hold Collective N/A RHT
HOV Hover/Velocity Hold Pitch/Roll N/A HOV
OS* Over Station mode Roll N/A OS
ALVL* Autolevel mode Pitch/ N/A ALVL
Collective
SBY Clear all FD modes N/A N/A N/A

* Provided automatically

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SECTION 1 - LIMITATIONS

WEIGHT AND CENTRE OF GRAVITY LIMITATIONS

— For weights up to 6400 kg see basic RFM,

— For weights between 6400 kg and 6800 kg see Supplement 50.

FLIGHT DIRECTOR MODES LIMITATIONS

• The following FD modes are inoperative on the SAR Guidance Con-

trol panel:
— TD/H — MOT — WTR — VNAV

• Collective modes must not be engaged if either or both engines are

in MANUAL MODE

• The RHT mode must not be engaged in cruise over land

FLIGHT DIRECTOR MODES ENGAGEMENT LIMITS

AND MINIMUM USE HEIGHT (MUH)

Hold Mode Airspeed Range MUH

IAS* 60 KIAS to 150 ft AGL or 50 ft AGL
Vne less 5 KIAS during approach
HDG*/NAV* 60 KIAS to Vne 150 ft AGL or 50 ft AGL
during approach
ALT 0 KIAS to Vne 300 ft AGL (airspeed
greater than 55 KIAS)
50 ft AGL in HOV or air-
speed less than 55 KIAS
VS* 60 KIAS to Vne within 150 ft AGL
-1500 fpm and 2000
fpm
APP*/BC*/GA* 60 KIAS to Vne 50 ft AGL
DCL* 60 KIAS to Vne 50 ft AGL
ALTA* 60 KIAS to Vne 150 ft AGL

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RHT 0 to Vne 150 ft AGL (airspeed

15 ft to 2000 ft AGL greater than 55 KIAS)
30 ft AGL in HOV (air-
speed less than 55 KIAS)
HOV Groundspeed 30 ft AGL
— less than 60 kts
forward
— less than 40 kts
lateral or aft
with
IAS less than 75 KIAS
Note*

—Automatic disengagement of these modes below

55 KIAS.
—VS engagement above 2000 fpm or below -1500 fpm
will result in the mode returning the aircraft to the max-
imum rates quoted (2000 fpm or -1500 fpm).

REQUIRED EQUIPMENT

— Second Radar Altimeter RT300 (Supplement 18).

— AHRS P/N 142185-1115 or P/N 145130-1002 (GPS blended).

VOR LIMITATIONS
In case of invalid DME/FMS distance, select:

- VOR APP at ranges below 10 nm (18 km)

- VOR NAV at ranges greater than 10 nm (18 km).

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COUPLED ILS APPROACH MODE LIMITATIONS

The helicopter is certified to carry out CAT 1 ILS approaches up to
7.5 deg glideslope.
Maximum recommended Localizer Intercept angle ................... 45 deg
ranges greater than
10 nm (18 km)

Maximum recommended Localizer Intercept angle ................... 30 deg

ranges less than
10 nm (18 km)

Maximum airspeed for glideslope up to 4 deg ...................... 150 KIAS

Maximum airspeed for glideslopes between 4 and 7.5 deg

(Steep Approach) .................................................................. 120 KIAS
In case of invalid DME and FMS distance and with both Rad Alt sig-
nals invalid an ILS approach must be initiated at a distance of not less
than 10 nm (18 km).

VGP LIMITATIONS

When being radar vectored or autonomously flying to the final

approach course, the VECTORS approach transition and/or ACT
VECTORS function must be used to program the FMS for the
approach and the flight crew must ensure that published altitudes are
complied with.

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SECTION 2 - NORMAL PROCEDURES

FLIGHT DIRECTOR - GENERAL

For full details of FD operation and use see “PRIMUS EPIC Integrated
Avionics and Flight Control System for the AW/AB139 Helicopter -
Pilot’s Guide” latest revision.

FLIGHT DIRECTOR MODES ENGAGEMENT

The AFCS Flight Director function provides 4 axis guidance modes.
Selection of most FD modes is carried out using pushbuttons on the
Guidance Controller. HOV mode may also be engaged using the
cyclic beep trim centre position (5th position). Each mode may be de-
selected by pressing the associated pushbutton on the Guidance Con-
troller. However GA mode may only be engaged by either collective
GA button and disengaged by engaging a different mode for pitch and
collective axis. All engaged modes may be deselected simultaneously
by using the FD STBY button located on the cyclic sticks or the STBY
button on the Guidance Controller.
The Guidance Controller pushbuttons include a green annuciator that
illuminates when the mode is selected. FD mode annuciations (green
when captured and white when armed) also appear on the PFD.

FLIGHT DIRECTOR COUPLED AND UNCOUPLED OPERATIONS

Selecting a FD mode by pressing the pushbutton on the Guidance
Controller will couple the FD whenever the AP is in ATT hold. Select-
ing a FD mode by pressing the pushbutton on the Guidance Controller
with the ATT OFF (i.e. SAS or no stabilisation), the FD will be engaged
in the uncoupled mode.
During coupled operation the FD may be uncoupled by pressing the
CPL pushbutton on the Autopilot Controller which will cause a white
UCPL caption to appear on the PFD.

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CAUTION

- Whenever the FD is coupled and the AP reverts to SAS

or has a complete loss of autostabilization, the FD will
revert to uncoupled mode.
- When the AP reverts to SAS no UCPL caption will
appear on the PFD.

With the FD engaged, in coupled or uncoupled mode, the following is

displayed:

— Navigation source and reference data in magenta colour on the

selected PFD

— Navigation source and reference data in cyan colour on the non

selected PFD

— Navigation source in amber on both PFD’s when both PFD’s have

the same navigation data source.
During coupled operation HDG, ALT, IAS, VS, ALTA, RHT, HOV
modes may be controlled by either pilot. When engaged in coupled
mode, the reference data may be adjusted by using the Display Con-
troller (HDG, ALT SEL), collective beep trim/FTR (ALT, ALTA, VS,
RHT) or cyclic beep trim/FTR (IAS, HOV, HDG).
During uncoupled operation changes of reference data for IAS, HDG
and HOV modes are carried out by pressing the cyclic FTR button,
which updates the reference data to the actual values at the time the
button is released. Changes of reference data for ALT, VS and RHT
are carried out by the collective beep trim. Collective FTR does not
modify the collective modes reference.
For IAS, HDG, RHT and VS on the selected PFD, a magenta digital
readout reference datum is displayed above the appropriate flight
instrument and a magenta bug at a position corresponding to the
selected reference. For ALT, only the magenta bug is displayed per-
manently while the digital readout is displayed for 5 seconds when-
ever the reference is modified and the ALTA reference is present.

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Flight Director 139G0290X002

Whenever a collective mode is engaged (ALT, VS, ALTA, GS, VGP,

GA, ALVL, RHT) a collective position cue appears on the PFD beside
the ADI. See Figure 2-1.

COLLECTIVE PI LIMITING FUNCTION

During collective coupled operation the collective movement is limited
by the following PI values:

— Maximum 97% AEO (95% at altitudes above 10000 ft (3050 m) Hp)

— Maximum 106% AEO for airspeed less than 60 KIAS (5 MIN mes-
sage displayed beside collective cue, see Figure 2-1)

— Maximum 140% OEI

— Minimum 5% AEO

— Minimum 10% OEI.

When PI limiting function is active and is limiting maximum collective
movement, an amber LIM caption is displayed beside the collective
cue. See Figure 2-1.
If PI limiting is active with IAS engaged and the required reference for
VS, ALTA, RHT, GA, or ALT cannot be achieved the airspeed will auto-
matically reduce as necessary to achieve the collective mode refer-
ence. If the collective mode reference cannot be maintained, when the
airspeed has reached a minimum of 80 KIAS this airspeed will be
maintained and the collective mode reference will be reduced. While
the mode reference values cannot be maintained or achieved that
mode caption is displayed in amber on the PFD.

CAUTION

If PI limiting is active with ALT/RHT engaged and the ref-

erence height cannot be maintained the aural warning
“Altitude Altitude” will warn the pilot when the maximum
allowed deviation from the reference height has been
exceeded.

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When flying at high altitude (above 15000 ft (4570 m)) select the Load
Share switch to TORQUE (MISC panel) to improve the helicopter
manoeuvre during automatic turns.

Collective Cue*

Collective PI limiting
active

Collective PI limiting at 106% Collective PI limiting

and within 5 min Take Off limit active, IAS reference
value not attained

ICN-39-A-155034-A-00003-00491-A-01-1

Figure 2-1 Collective Cue Display

*In UCPL operation when collective cue is below reference arrows col-
lective must be raised and vice-versa.

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Flight Director 139G0290X002

MODE DESCRIPTIONS
The following descriptions assume the modes are coupled, unless
stated otherwise.

HDG Heading Hold Mode. This mode steers the aircraft to the
heading reference bug displayed on the PFD. The head-
ing bug can be adjusted using the HEADING knob on the
Remote Instrument Controller and can be syncronised
with the actual heading by pressing the HEADING knob
(PUSH SYNC). The heading reference bug can be syn-
cronized to the actual heading by pressing the cyclic FTR
button or modified using the cyclip beep trim switch left or
right. In HDG mode turns are performed at standard rate
1 (3 deg/sec).

ALT Barometric Altitude Hold mode. This mode maintains the

barometric altitude existing at the time of engagement.
The altitude reference is displayed as a set bug on the
PFD altitude tape. If the ALT SEL knob has not been pre-
viously moved (ie. no ALTA activation) the ALT reference
will also be displayed as a magenta digital readout. The
altitude reference can be adjusted using the collective
beep trim (aft to increase altitude) or by pressing FTR but-
ton, flying to desired altitude, and releasing. An audio
tone is produced when the altitude reference is changed.
The collective PI limiting function is enabled when ALT
mode is coupled.

CAUTION

In ALT mode the voice message “Altitude Altitude” is trig-

gered when altitude exceeds the reference altitude by
±150 ft (46 m).

Note
ALT mode can be engaged with HOV mode (as an alter-
native to the RHT mode).

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IAS Airspeed Hold mode. This mode maintains the airspeed

existing at the time of engagement. When engaged the
airspeed reference is displayed as a set bug and a digital
readout on the PFD. The airspeed reference bug is
adjusted by either using the cyclic beep fore/aft of reposi-
tioning the cyclic, with the FTR button depressed, to the
required airspeed and releasing FTR button. The air-
speed reference is adjustable via the cyclic beep switch
between 60 KIAS and Vne less 5 KIAS. If airspeed, at
time of engagement, is higher than Vne less 5 KIAS then
it is automatically reduced to Vne less 5 KIAS.

ALTA Altitude Acquire Mode. This mode, when engaged with a

barometric altitude preselect reference set (through ALT
SEL knob), will automatically engage the IAS mode and
the aircraft is flown towards the preset altitude. The final
altitude reference is displayed as a cyan bug and digital
readout above the altitude scale. The vertical speed refer-
ence is displayed as a bug and digital readout on the
PFD. The preset vertical speeds are +1000 fpm or
-750 fpm in the direction of the preset altitude. The verti-
cal speed reference can be changed by either using the
collective beep trim (aft to increase) or with collective FTR
button depressed, moving to the required vertical speed
and releasing. When the preset altitude is achieved the
mode will transition to ALT mode and the IAS mode will
remain engaged. The collective PI limiting function is
enabled when ALTA mode is coupled. When collective PI
limiting is active the airspeed is reduced to maintain verti-
cal speed reference.

Note
Engaging ALTA while climbing with a rate of climb greater
than 1500 fpm or descending with a rate of descent
greater than 1500 fpm, the system may erroneously tran-
sition to ALT. The aircraft will, however, reach the
selected final altitude.

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NAV VOR/LOC/LNAV FD functions. These functions are

selected with the NAV pushbutton depending on naviga-
tion source selection on the PFD and NAV receiver tun-
ing. Pressing the NAV pushbutton, HDG is engaged
(green caption) and the present aircraft heading held,
VOR/LOC/LNAV is armed (white caption). At VOR/LOC/
LNAV capture HDG will automatically disengage and the
helicopter turns to track the selected radial or leg.

APP 1) VOR/ILS Approach FD functions. The VOR non-preci-

sion approach or ILS approach functions are selected
depending on the NAV receiver tuning when the APP
mode button is pushed. Pressing the APP pushbutton,
HDG is engaged (green caption) and the present aircraft
heading held, VOR/LOC-GS is armed (white caption). At
VOR/LOC capture HDG will automatically disengage and
the helicopter turns to track the selected radial, VAPP/
LOC caption will display on the PFD. For ILS approach-
when intercepting the glideslope signal the GS mode is
automatically captured and the previous collective mode
disengages.

Note
To avoid false localizer captures, APP mode should be
armed when the helicopter is flying inbound to the ILS
radial.

Note
After pressing APP pushbutton, confirm that LOC label
appears as expected

2) FMS approach function (VGP). This can be used when

the FMS is the selected NAV source on the selected
PFD. This mode produces a non precision approach sim-
ilar to an ILS approach when using a non localizer based
approach from the data base. The glide path is anchored
at the BOD with an angle equal to that specified in the
data base at the corresponding waypoint. The VGP mode
is armed (white caption) by pushing the APP button.

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Intercepting the projected glideslope the VGP mode is

automatically captured.
In either case within the glideslope bug there will be a let-
ter: I for ILS, P for VGP or V for Vertical Path. See Figure
2-1.
The P letter and bug, when VGP is armed, appears on
the left hand side of vertical deviation scale in cyan.
When captured the symbol moves to the right hand side
of the vertical deviation scale in magenta.

CAUTION

During steep approach without automatic collective con-

trol be attentive not to use less than 5% PI.

PRV The PRV mode is a way to preselect ILS or VOR

approach functions while FD is still engaged in LNAV.
PRV is selected by pressing the PRV pushbutton on the
Display Controller. If the APP pushbutton is pressed the
FD will arm LOC and GS or VAPP functions depending on
the NAV receiver tuning (ILS or VOR) on the selected
PFD. At the capture of the LOC or VAPP functions the FD
disengages LNAV and engages LOC-GS or VAPP func-
tions. Selected PRV course will be displayed as thin cyan,
while armed, and as normal magenta when captured.

DCL ILS Deceleration Mode. The deceleration mode

decreases the aircraft speed from its present speed down
to approximately 80 KIAS as the aircraft reaches 200 ft
AGL. When the DCL pushbutton is pushed the LOC, GS
and DCL modes are armed and the IAS and HDG modes
are engaged. After GS capture and at a computed condi-
tion for correct approach and deceleration the IAS mode
is disengaged and the DCL mode engaged. The airspeed
reference bug moves to 80 KIAS and the digital reference
is set to 80 KIAS. These values can be adjusted using the
cyclic beep trim at which time the IAS mode automatically
engages replacing the DCL mode.

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BC Back Course Approach Mode. The back course mode is

selected when the BC pushbutton, for Guidance Control-
ler or APP pushbutton on SAR Guidance Controller, is
pushed. Pressing the pushbutton, HDG is engaged
(green caption) and the BC is armed (white caption). At
BC capture, HDG is disengaged. When the SAR Guid-
ance Controller is used the BC mode will be engaged
when the intercept angle between the front course and
the aircraft heading is greater than 105° (otherwise the
LOC engages).

CAUTION

The course selected for a BC approach must be the ILS

approach front course.

Note
After pressing the APP pushbutton, confirm that BC label
appears as expected.

VS Vertical Speed Hold Mode. The vertical speed existing at

the time of engagement is held. Vertical speed reference
bug and digital readout are adjusted by either using the
collective beep or repositioning the collective, with the
FTR button depressed, to the required vertical speed and
releasing on the desired vertical speed. Collective PI limit-
ing function is enabled when VS mode is coupled.

GA Go Around Mode. The mode may be selected from either

collective and will give a 1000 ft/min climb set bug refer-
ence on the Vertical Speed tape and an airspeed bug at
the airspeed existing when the mode is engaged or
80 KIAS, whichever is greater. Engaging the GA the FD
will control airspeed and vertical speed at the com-
manded values and level the wings. The GA Mode can
only be exited by selecting another vertical FD mode (or
FD to STBY).

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Note
This mode can be used, when the IAS is greater than 60
KIAS, to recover the aircraft from an unusual attitude and
initiate a rate of climb.

OS Over Station Mode. When overflying a VOR station, with

VOR or VAPP FD functions engaged, the VOR equipment
detects the aircraft being within the zone of ambiguity. The
VOR deviation signal is removed from the command until
the VOR signal has stabilized after passing over station.
While over the station, course change may be made by
selecting a new course via the Course Selector knob.

ALVL Autolevel Mode. If the APP (LOC/GS or VGP) mode is

continued, to below landing minimum, this safety feature
is automatically activated at 150 ft (46 m) and an asymp-
totic flare to a radar height of 50 ft (15 m) will be initiated.
The green GS or VGP caption on the PFD will be
replaced by ALVL.

CAUTION

In VGP mode the ALVL will activate if the MAP (Missed

Approach Point, as shown in the example Approach
Chart Figure 3-1) is lower than 150 ft (46 m) AGL.
When MAP is higher than 150 ft (46 m) AGL the VGP
mode will disengage at the MAP (preceded, at 100 ft
(30 m) above, by a Vertical Track Alert (VTA) caption dis-
played above the vertical guidance scale on the PFD)
and a chime is generated.

RHT Radar Height Hold Mode. This mode maintains the air-
craft at the radar height at the time of engagement when
the radar altimeter indications are within the threshold
limits. A reference bug on the radar altimeter tape and a
digital readout above the radar altimeter tape are pre-
sented. The reference height can be changed by

E.A.S.A. Approved Page S34-17

Supplement 34 AW139 - RFM - 4D
4 Axis Enhanced Document N°
Flight Director 139G0290X002

depressing the collective FTR switch flying to the required

height and releasing the FTR switch or by using the col-
lective beep trim switch (aft to increase). An audio tone is
produced when the height reference is changed. The col-
lective PI limiting function is enabled when RHT mode is
coupled.

CAUTION

In RHT mode the voice message “Altitude Altitude” is trig-

gered when height exceeds the refererence by a value
proportional to the reference height.

HOV Hover/velocity Hold Mode. HOV mode can be engaged

by pressing HOV mode on Guidance Controller or the
cyclic beep trim centre position (5th position). The HOV
mode utilizes the AHRS ground velocities to maintain
hover or low speed flying. At engagement of this mode
the helicopter groundspeed reference is set to zero and
the RHT is automatically engaged if a valid radar altime-
ter signal is available and within the threshold limits. RHT
mode can be subsequently disengaged independently
and replaced by ALT if required. A hover symbology with
the ground velocity vector bug is also displayed on the
HSI. See Figure 2-2. When the mode is engaged, the
velocity vector reference can be changed by pressing the
cyclic FTR switch, flying to the desired lateral and longitu-
dinal speed and releasing, or by using the cyclic beep trim
to move the bug to the desired velocities. If the cyclic
beep trim switch is pressed in the centre position (5th
position) the longitudinal and lateral velocity references
are set to zero.

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 AW139 - RFM - 4D Supplement 34
Document N° 4 Axis Enhanced
139G0290X002 Flight Director

CAUTION

In ALT mode the voice message “Altitude Altitude” is trig-

gered when altitude exceeds the refererence altitude by
±150 ft (46 m). Therefore, if ALT mode is engaged as an
alternative to RHT, at a height below 300 ft (91 m), set
DH at a value 10 ft below the reference height in order to
have an additional height deviation exceedance cue.

CAUTION

The HOV mode maintains a groundspeed reference

therefore pilot must ensure that crosswind and rearwind
speed limits are not exceeded (see Section 1 Basic Flight
Manual). If wind limits are exceeded directional control
may not be maintained.

CAUTION

When HOV mode is engaged above 2000 ft (610 m) AGL

the ALT mode does not automatically engage. Therefore
the pilot must control collective manually or engage ALT
mode.

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Supplement 34 AW139 - RFM - 4D
4 Axis Enhanced Document N°
Flight Director 139G0290X002

The hover symbology automatically appears on the PFD when HOV

mode is engaged. The display shows the aircraft velocity vector and
the reference velocity symbol. See Figure 2-2.

Hover/Velocity
Mode Display

Ground Velocity Vector

Reference Velocity Symbol

Hover Symbology Scale

ICN-39-A-155034-A-00003-00492-A-01-1

Figure 2-2 HOV Symbology

ADVISORY CAPTIONS

CAS Caption (Green) System State

MOT NOT INSTALLED (Caption present for 5 secs in inverse video)

MOT button pressed and function not fitted

TD/H NOT INSTALLED (Caption present for 5 secs in inverse video)

TD/H button pressed and function not fitted

VNAV NOT INSTALLED (Caption present for 5 secs in inverse video)

VNAV button pressed and function not fitted

WTR NOT INSTALLED (Caption present for 5 secs in inverse video)

WTR button pressed and function not fitted

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 AW139 - RFM - 4D Supplement 34
Document N° 4 Axis Enhanced
139G0290X002 Flight Director

PFD MESSAGES

Selected UCPL Flight Director Attitude DH Glideslope Vertical Selected

Airspeed Annunciation Command Bars Comparison Minimum Comparison Speed Altitude
Readout in a Parked Annunciation Indication Annunciation Pointer Readout
Position Altitude
Comparison
IAS Annunciation
Comparison
Annunciation

Selected
Altitude Bug
Selected
Airspeed Altitude Hold
Flight
Bug Director
Reference
Bug

Barometric
Correction
(English)
Horizon Line

Marker
Beacon
Decision
Height Digits

Heading
Drift Bug Comparison
Annunciation
Partial
Compass
Heading Partial
Compass
Selected Heading Digits
Heading
Bug To / From
Pointer
Course Select/
Desired Track
Pointer Radio Altitude
Digital Readout
Primary
Bearing Radio Altitude
Pointer Comparison
DME Hold Annunciation
Annunciation
Polar Wind
Speed Display

CAS Outside Air

Miscompare or Temperature
MAU Degrade
Annunciation
(CAS Lateral
Miscompare Deviation
Shown)
PFD Cursor Swap Icon FMS Cross Secondary MLS Azimuth or
Box Annunciation Bearing Localizer
Pointer Comparison
Annunciation
(Localizer Shown)

ICN-39-A-152000-A-00003-00392-A-01-1

Figure 2-3 PFD Messages

E.A.S.A. Approved Page S34-21

Supplement 34 AW139 - RFM - 4D
4 Axis Enhanced Document N°
Flight Director 139G0290X002

FMS FUNCTIONAL INCONSISTENCIES WITH EPIC SOFTWARE

PHASE 4 INSTALLED

1. The ‘Direct-To Recovery’ procedure should not be used in any

phase of flight.
Refer to Honeywell Service Information Letter D201001000021 for
further information.

2. On certain STAR approaches if the runway is changed during the

approach, instead of navigation to the next waypoint the aircraft
will navigate to the first waypoint of the STAR.
Refer to Honeywell Service Information Letter D200909000044 for
further information.

3. Approach and/or Star procedures which contain a certain geom-

metry of consecutive AT altitude constraints exhibit a TOD mis-
placement and premature descent.
Refer to Honeywell Service Information Letter D201010000078 for
further information.

Page S34-22 E.A.S.A. Approved

Rev. 3
 AW139 - RFM - 4D Supplement 34
Document N° 4 Axis Enhanced
139G0290X002 Flight Director

SECTION 3 - EMERGENCY AND MALFUNCTION

PROCEDURES

VOICE ONLY MESSAGES

1. “Altitude, Altitude” Aircraft exceeded the altitude devi-

ation in ALT mode (±150 ft from
reference) or in RHT mode by the
following:
Reference Deviation (ft)
Height (ft)
30 11
50 15
100 20
150 25
200 30
250 40
500 70
1000 135
1500 200
2000 260

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Supplement 34 AW139 - RFM - 4D
4 Axis Enhanced Document N°
Flight Director 139G0290X002

CAS CAUTION MESSAGES

AUTOPILOT FAIL

1(2) AP FAIL + Aural Message

+
AFCS DEGRADED

Associated autopilot
failure

- Continue flight attentive

reducing speed to 140 KIAS, level flight,
or 100 KIAS and 1000 fpm in climb.
- Decouple FD unless in approach,
missed approach, approach and departure
to/from hover and hover
- Below 500 ft (152 m) AGL fly manually
(except in approach, missed approach,
approach and departure to/from hover and hover)

- If subsequent 1-2 AP FAIL + Aural Message

caution illuminates

- Continue flight manually

not exceeding 140 KIAS
(100 KIAS in turbulence,
IMC or approach)

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 AW139 - RFM - 4D Supplement 34
Document N° 4 Axis Enhanced
139G0290X002 Flight Director

AUTOPILOT OFF
1(2) AP OFF + Aural Message
+
AFCS DEGRADED

Associate AP not
switched ON

On affected AP
- Confirm selected ON.

If fault remains
- Continue flight attentive
reducing speed to 140 KIAS, level flight,
or 100 KIAS and 1000 fpm in climb.
- Decouple FD unless in approach,
missed approach, approach and departure
to/from hover and hover.
- Below 500 ft (152 m) AGL fly manually
(except in approach, missed approach,
approach and departure to/from hover and hover)

- If subsequent 1-2 AP OFF + Aural Message

caution illuminates

- Continue flight manually

not exceeding 140 KIAS
(100 KIAS in turbulence,
IMC or approach)

E.A.S.A. Approved Page S34-25

Supplement 34 AW139 - RFM - 4D
4 Axis Enhanced Document N°
Flight Director 139G0290X002

SINGLE COLLECTIVE AUTOPILOT FAILURE

+ Aural Message
1(2) COLL FAIL + Collective FD mode
annuciator amber
(if a coupled collective
mode active)
Collective axis of AP1(2) failed,
collective reverts to uncoupled

- Manually control collective

- Deselect and reselect associated 1(2)

AP pushbutton on Autopilot Controller

If fault clears If 2(1) COLL FAIL appears

- Continue flight Collective modes

Loss of redundancy available uncoupled only
of collective modes

- Continue flight

DUAL COLLECTIVE AUTOPILOT FAILURE

1-2 COLL FAIL + Aural Message
+ Collective FD mode
annuciator amber
(if a coupled collective
mode active)

Collective axis failure of both AP1 and AP2

- Manually control collective

Collective modes
available uncoupled only.

- Continue flight

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 AW139 - RFM - 4D Supplement 34
Document N° 4 Axis Enhanced
139G0290X002 Flight Director

CYCLIC FORCE TRIM RELEASE FAILURE

Cyclic FTR failure, due to a fault which removes electric power to the
clutches of the longitudinal and lateral trim, will result in cyclic
longitudinal and lateral clutches becoming permanently engaged. This
will require the pilot to fly the aircraft against the cyclic force spring feel
to manoeuvre the aircraft, or use the cyclic beep trim, as cyclic FTR
button does not function.
In this case it is suggested that a cyclic FD mode (ie IAS) is engaged
and the cyclic beep trim used to maintain the required flight condition.

COLLECTIVE FORCE TRIM OFF OR FAIL

When a FD mode is engaged, and coupled, and the collective trim is
switched OFF (Miscellaneous Control Panel) or fails, a chime sound is
generated, the collective may not maintain its selected position, the
CLTV annuciation will illuminate on the top left of the ADI display, and
the CLTV/YAW OFF green advisory will illuminate on the CAS window.
Collective modes are available uncoupled only.

COLLECTIVE FORCE TRIM RELEASE FAILURE

Collective force trim release failure, due to a fault which removes
electric power to the clutch of the collective trim will result in the
collective clutch becoming permanently engaged. This will require the
pilot to fly the aircraft against the collective force spring feel to
manoeuvre the aircraft, or use the collective beep trim, as the
collective FTR button does not function.
In this case when large collective movements are not required, it is
suggested that a collective FD mode (ie ALT) is engaged and the
collective beep trim used to maintain the required flight condition.

E.A.S.A. Approved Page S34-27

Supplement 34 AW139 - RFM - 4D
4 Axis Enhanced Document N°
Flight Director 139G0290X002

FLIGHT DIRECTOR FAILURE

No CAS Warning or Caution messages are generated to indicate FD
malfunctions. However indication on both PFD displays indicate the
state of the flight director system.

SINGLE FLIGHT DIRECTOR FAILURE

or replaces green arrow above
attitude indicator on PFD
that has failed Flight Director

On-side flight director invalid,

loss of redundancy

- Continue flight

DUAL FLIGHT DIRECTOR FAIL

FD FAIL replaces FD arrow above attitude

indicator on both PFD’s
+
loss of flight director bars and information

Both Flight Directors invalid

- Flight Director not available

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 AW139 - RFM - 4D Supplement 34
Document N° 4 Axis Enhanced
139G0290X002 Flight Director

FAILURE OF SELECTED PFD UNIT WITH FLIGHT DIRECTOR

ENGAGED

Loss of PFD, the associated MFD will automatically

configure to Composite mode maintaining the FD
engaged on the same references as the PFD.

- Confirm no chime sound

- Confirm FD green arrow and FD
mode green captions are present on
MFD in Composite mode

- Continue flight

- If subsequent display in
composite mode fails
FD automatically disengages, with chime

- If Copilot displays failed - If Pilot displays failed

and Left pilot flying and Right pilot flying

- Revert to Standby
- Right pilot take
instrument
control of aircraft

- Land as soon as
FD can be re-engaged practicable
(on right pilot side)

E.A.S.A. Approved Page S34-29

Supplement 34 AW139 - RFM - 4D
4 Axis Enhanced Document N°
Flight Director 139G0290X002

Failure of both Pilot PFD and MFD

Failure of both Copilot PFD and MFD

ICN-39-A-155034-A-00003-00493-A-01-1

GUIDANCE CONTROL PANEL FAILURE

In case of Guidance Control Panel failure, recognised as non function-
ality of panel pushbuttons (modes cannot be changed or disengaged
using panel), the FD may be disengaged using the cyclic FD STBY
button.
Continue flight, using the FD modes already engaged as required.
However, use the cyclic FD STBY button to disengage modes when
required. When disengaged FD is no longer available.

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 AW139 - RFM - 4D Supplement 34
Document N° 4 Axis Enhanced
139G0290X002 Flight Director

AHRS FAILURE WITH FD ENGAGED

1(2) AHRS FAIL

AVIONIC FAULT AFCS DEGRADED

1(2) AP FAIL + Aural message

+ ATT HDG and loss of attitude, heading and

FAIL FAIL slip skid data on Left (Right) PFD

Associated AHRS failure and subsequent loss of AP1(2)

If FD remain engaged If FD modes HDG, NAV, APP,

BC, HOV disengage + Audio
Chime and loss of Nav and
On-side AHRS failure on approach command bars
non selected PFD
On-side AHRS failure on
selected PFD
- Uncouple FD unless in
approach, missed approach,
approach and departure - On RCP move AHRS
to/from hover and hover. switch to non failed AHRS

- On RCP move AHRS switch

to non failed AHRS AHRS 2(1)
illuminates on attitude
indicator to highlight
AHRS 2(1) both attitude indicators
illuminates on attitude are using the same
indicator to highlight AHRS data
both attitude indicators
are using the same - FD may be re-engaged if in
AHRS data approach, missed approach,
approach and departure
to/from hover and hover.

- Continue Flight

- Compare frequently PFD attitude and

heading with STANDBY

E.A.S.A. Approved Page S34-31

Supplement 34 AW139 - RFM - 4D
4 Axis Enhanced Document N°
Flight Director 139G0290X002

MAU FAILURE WITH FD ENGAGED

For on-side MAU failure on the selected PFD the FD modes ALT, VS
and IAS will disengage, with a chime. Follow procedure below for FD
action and refer to Section 3 Basic RFM Page 148 for complete MAU
failure procedure.

1(2) MAU
+ PFD message combined with CAS Cautions
and disengagement of FD modes
1(2) ADS FAIL ALT, ALTA, IAS, VS + Audio Chime and loss of:
+
1(2) AP FAIL • Airspeed
• Altitude
• Vertical Speed
Data on Left (Right) PFD indicators

Multiple CAS cautions illuminate, but those

which affect FD functioning are:
1(2) AP FAIL page 24
1(2) ADS FAIL page 33
AFCS DEGRADED see
Basic RFM page 3-135

- Continue flight attentive

- On RCP move ADS switch to non failed ADS
- Reduce speed to 140 KIAS, level flight,
or 100 KIAS and 1000 fpm in climb
- Below 500 ft (152 m) AGL fly manually

ADS1(2) illuminates on both attitude

indicator to highlight PFD’s
are using the same air
data source

- Re-engage FD modes as required

- Compare frequently PFD data

with STANDBY indicator.

Page S34-32 E.A.S.A. Approved

Rev. 3
 AW139 - RFM - 4D Supplement 34
Document N° 4 Axis Enhanced
139G0290X002 Flight Director

ON SIDE ADS FAILURE ON SELECTED PFD WITH FD ENGAGED

Note
For on-side ADS failure on the non selected PFD there is
no effect on FD modes. Refer to Section 3 Basic RFM
Page 3-146

1(2) ADS FAIL

+
Disengagement of some FD modes
(ALT, ALTA, IAS, VS) + Audio Chime
and loss of:
• Airspeed
• Altitude
• Vertical Speed
Data on Left (Right)
PFD indicators

- On RCP move ADS switch to non failed ADS

ADS1(2) illuminates on both attitude

indicator to highlight PFD’s
are using the same air
data source

- Re-engage FD modes as required

- Compare frequently PFD data

with STANDBY indicator.

E.A.S.A. Approved Page S34-33

Supplement 34 AW139 - RFM - 4D
4 Axis Enhanced Document N°
Flight Director 139G0290X002

ATTITUDE SYSTEM OFF

ATT OFF
+
SAS message displayed on both PFD’s

Attitude hold system If associated with cyclic freedom

not engaged of motion in longitudinal and/or
lateral direction with loss of
function of FTR switch and
- Engage ATT on cyclic beep trim
autopilot controller

Cyclic force trim failure

Collective FD modes automatically
change to uncoupled (with chime)
Cyclic FD modes do not function,
cyclic steering bars remain centred

- Fly manually

Note
With ATT system not engaged the aircraft flies in SAS mode
only.

Page S34-34 E.A.S.A. Approved

 AW139 - RFM - 4D Supplement 34
Document N° 4 Axis Enhanced
139G0290X002 Flight Director

GPS FAILURE (SINGLE GPS INSTALLATION)

HOV mode, if engaged,
GPS FAIL disengages (with chime)
after 30 seconds
GPS system failure

FMS navigation loss of redundancy.

Groundspeed references not available

- Continue flight
HOV mode not available

GPS FAILURE (DOUBLE GPS INSTALLATION)

1(2) GPS FAIL

1(2) GPS system failure

Loss of GPS redundancy

- Continue flight

DOUBLE GPS FAILURE (DOUBLE GPS INSTALLATION)

HOV mode, if engaged,
1-2 GPS FAIL disengages (with chime)
after 30 seconds

Double GPS system failure

FMS navigation loss of redundancy.

Groundspeed references not available

- Continue flight
HOV mode not available

E.A.S.A. Approved Page S34-35

Supplement 34 AW139 - RFM - 4D
4 Axis Enhanced Document N°
Flight Director 139G0290X002

PFD MESSAGE

VERTICAL TRACK ALERT CAPTION

VTA on attitude indicator during

VGP approach when RAD ALT
height between Missed Approach
Point (MAP) and MAP+100 ft (30 m).
This caption only appears when
the MAP is higher than 150 ft (46 m) AGL.
The VGP will disengage, with chime,
at the MAP

Be aware that the ALVL mode will not engage

Figure 3-1 MAP Indication on Approach Chart

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 AW139 - RFM - 4D Supplement 34
Document N° 4 Axis Enhanced
139G0290X002 Flight Director

SINGLE RAD ALT FAILURE WITH RHT ENGAGED

RAD1(2) Message beside RAD ALT display.

on both PFD’s

Rad Alt 2 (1) failed and automatic reconfiguration

to functioning Rad Alt.
Message highlights both Rad Alt
indicators are using the same source

- Continue flight attentive

Loss of Rad Alt redundancy
No effect on Rad Alt dependant
modes functionality

CAUTION
When either RAD ALT fails, the LANDING GEAR CAS caution
and associated audio message activate erroneously when the
aircraft is above 150 ft (46 m) AGL and the LDG GEAR is
retracted.

E.A.S.A. Approved Page S34-37

Supplement 34 AW139 - RFM - 4D
4 Axis Enhanced Document N°
Flight Director 139G0290X002

DOUBLE RAD ALT FAILURE WITH RHT ENGAGED

Message replaces RAD ALT height

RAD information on both PFD’s
RHT disengages with audio chime

Failure of both RAD ALT systems

- Continue flight
• RAD ALT functioning is lost
• RHT mode and ALVL not available
• MIN message is inactive

CAUTION
When both RAD ALT’s fail, the 150 ft aural warning message
does not function and the LANDING GEAR caution will be dis-
played if the LDG GEAR is retracted, regardless of height.

RAD ALT MISCOMPARE WITH RHT ENGAGED

RAD message on RAD ALT display

RHT disengages with audio chime

Miscompare between
RAD ALT 1 and 2 information.

- Compare the Pilot and Copilot

RAD ALT indications and/or
outside visual references to
establish the correct data.

- Continue flight
RHT mode not available
while message displayed

Page S34-38 E.A.S.A. Approved

 AW139 - RFM - 4D Supplement 34
Document N° 4 Axis Enhanced
139G0290X002 Flight Director

GROUNDSPEED VELOCITY FAIL

Message below and to left of compass display
VEL FAIL Velocity vector, on hover display, removed
GS digital readout source changes to FMS (F)
HOV Mode disengages, if engaged

Failure of valid velocity data

from both AHRS

- Continue flight
HOV mode not available

SECTION 4 - PERFORMANCE
No change in performance information.

E.A.S.A. Approved Page S34-39

Supplement 34 AW139 - RFM - 4D
4 Axis Enhanced Document N°
Flight Director 139G0290X002

PART II - MANUFACTURER’S DATA

SECTION 6 - WEIGHT AND BALANCE

No Change.

SECTION 7 - SYSTEM DESCRIPTION

For full details of FD operation and use see “PRIMUS EPIC Integrated
Avionics and Flight Control System for the AW139 Helicopter - Pilot’s
Guide” Rev. 1 or later issue.

Page S34-40