Logical Thinking

1. According to the pattern below, what number should be on the blank?

1, 3, 5, 9, 17, 31, ____

2. If today is July 1, and it is a Saturday, in what day of the week was March 14 of the
same year?

3. Determine the missing number in the pattern below.

0, 2, 2, 4, 6, 10, 16, 26, 42, 68, ____
4. A street is 700 meters long. If a tree is to be planted every 14 meters starting from
one end, how many trees would be planted in total?

5. It requires 10 people to take 6 days to finish a task. How many days are needed if we
add 5 more people to finish the same task?

6. According to the pattern shown below, what is the missing number?

7. There are some chickens and rabbits in a cage and the number of chickens is 13
times of the number of rabbits. They have 510 legs in total. How many chicken(s)
is/are there?

Arithmetic

8. Find the value of 13 × 16 + 26 × 17 + 13 × 50.

9. Determine the value of

10. Find the value of 6 + 11 + 16 + 21 + … + 121 + 126.

11. What number should be in the blank to make the equation below correct?

12. What is the 101st term if we continue the pattern below?

11, 18, 25, 32, …
13. Find the value of 11 ÷ 7 + 23 ÷ 7 + 30 ÷ 14.

1 1 1
14. Determine the value of 243 + 81 +… + + 1 + 3 + … + 81 + 243.
3

15. Determine the value of 12 + 22 + 32 + 42 + … + 292.

16. Find the value of 20222022 × 2022 – 10111012 × 4042.

17. Find the value of A if the average of consecutive integers (A – 4) to 3A is A.

Number Theory

18. The sum of five consecutive numbers is 40. Determine the product of these 5
numbers.

19. If A is the units digit of the value of the expression below, what is twice of A?

20. If 11-digit number ̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅

322𝐾180104𝐴 is divisible by 12, and A≠K, what is the smallest
possible value of A + K?

21. Martin needs to give some sweets to her officemates. If everyone gets 7 sweets each,
2 sweets will be left. If they get 5 sweets each instead, 30 sweets will be left. How
many sweets does Martin have?

22. A 3-digit number has a remainder 1 when divided by 4, has a remainder 2 when
divided by 5 and has a remainder 3 when divided by 7. What is such largest 3-digit
number?
23. How many factors does the number 2024 have?

24. How many 3-digit numbers either divisible by 8 or 11 are there?

25. How many simplified fraction(s) with denominator 105 is / are there?
 Logical Thinking

1. According to the pattern below, what number should be on the blank?

1, 3, 5, 9, 17, 31, ____
Answer: 57
Solution:
1+3+5=9
3 + 5 + 9 = 17
5 + 9 + 17 = 31
9 + 17 + 31 = 57

2. If today is July 1, and it is a Saturday, in what day of the week was March 14 of the
same year?
Answer: Tuesday
Solution:
We need to determine the number of days from March 14 to July 1.
March – 17 days
April – 30 days
May – 31 days
June – 30 days
July – 1 day
Total = 109 days
109 ÷ 7 = 15 remainder 4
This means 15 weeks and 4 days before Saturday.
4 days before Saturday is Tuesday.

3. Determine the missing number in the pattern below.

0, 2, 2, 4, 6, 10, 16, 26, 42, 68, ____
Answer: 110
Solution:
To get the next term, we need to add the two preceding terms.
So, 42 + 68 = 110

4. A street is 700 meters long. If a tree is to be planted every 14 meters starting from
one end, how many trees would be planted in total?
Answer: 51
Solution:
700 ÷ 14 = 50
50 + 1(the tree at the starting point) = 51
5. It requires 10 people to take 6 days to finish a task. How many days are needed if we
add 5 more people to finish the same task?
Answer: 4
Solution:
𝑘
6 days = 10 ➔ k = 60
60
So, 10+5 = 4 𝑑𝑎𝑦𝑠.

6. According to the pattern shown below, what is the missing number?

Answer: 30
Solution:
(9 – 5) × 4 = 16
(16 – 12) × 4 = 28
(8 – 3) × 6 = 30

7. There are some chickens and rabbits in a cage and the number of chickens is 13
times of the number of rabbits. They have 510 legs in total. How many chicken(s)
is/are there?
Answer: 221
Solution:
Let C=number of chickens
Let R=number of rabbits
C = 13R
2C + 4R = 510
2 (13R) + 4R = 510
30R = 510
R = 17
C = 221
 Arithmetic

8. Find the value of 13 × 16 + 26 × 17 + 13 × 50.

Answer: 1300
Solution:
13 × 16 + 13 × 2 × 17 + 13 × 50
= 13 × (16 + 34 + 50)
= 13 × 100
= 1300

9. Determine the value of

Answer: 24/5
Solution:

10. Find the value of 6 + 11 + 16 + 21 + … + 121 + 126.

Answer: 1650
Solution:
Sum of an arithmetic sequence = average × number of terms
𝑙𝑎𝑠𝑡 + 𝑓𝑖𝑟𝑠𝑡 126 + 6
𝑎𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑔𝑒 = = = 66
2 2
𝑙𝑎𝑠𝑡 − 𝑓𝑖𝑟𝑠𝑡 126 − 6
𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑚𝑠 = +1= + 1 = 25
𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑚𝑜𝑛 𝑑𝑖𝑓𝑓𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑒 5
Sum = 25 × 66 = 1650
11. What number should be in the blank to make the equation below correct?

Answer: 5
Solution:
___ × 11 – 4 + 3 = 54
___ × 11 = 55
___ = 5

12. What is the 101st term if we continue the pattern below?

11, 18, 25, 32, …
Answer: 711
Solution:
Nth term = first term + (n – 1) × difference
101st term = 11 + (101 – 1) × 7
101st term = 11 + 700
101st term = 711

13. Find the value of 11 ÷ 7 + 23 ÷ 7 + 30 ÷ 14.

Answer: 7
Solution:
11 + 23 + 15 49
= =7
7 7
1 1 1
14. Determine the value of 243 + 81 +… + + 1 + 3 + … + 81 + 243.
3
Answer: 364 121/243
Solution:
Let S = the sum of the expression
1 1 1
S = 243 + 81 +… + 3 + 1 + 3 + … + 81 + 243
As you can observe, the pattern in the sequence is just multiplying by 3. So,
1 1 1
3 × S = 3 × ( + +… + + 1 + 3 + … + 81 + 243)
243 81 3

1 1
3S = 81 +… + + 1 + 3 + … + 81 + 243 + 729
3

1 1 1 1 1
3S – S = (81 +… + + 1 + 3 + … + 81 + 243 + 729) – (243 + 81 +… + +1+3+…
3 3
+ 81 + 243)
1 242
2S = 729 - 243 = 728 243
242 121
S = 728 243 ÷ 2 = 364243
15. Determine the value of 12 + 22 + 32 + 42 + … + 292.
Answer: 8555
Solution:
𝑛 × (𝑛 + 1) × (2𝑛 + 1)
𝑠𝑢𝑚 𝑜𝑓 𝑠𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑠 = ; 𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒 𝑛 = 𝑙𝑎𝑠𝑡 𝑠𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑟𝑒 𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟
6
29 × 30 × 59
= = 29 × 5 × 59
6
= 8555

16. Find the value of 20222022 × 2022 – 10111012 × 4042.

Answer: 20217980
Solution:
Let a = 10111012 and b = 2022
So, we have (2a – 2) × b – a × (2b – 2)
= 2ab – 2b – 2ab + 2a
= 2a – 2b = 2 × (a – b)
= 2 × (10111012 – 2022)
= 2 × 10108990 = 20217980

17. Find the value of A if the average of consecutive integers (A – 4) to 3A is A.

Answer: 2
Solution:
𝑙𝑎𝑠𝑡+𝑓𝑖𝑟𝑠𝑡 3𝐴+𝐴−4
Average = = =𝐴
2 2

3A + A – 4 = 2A
4A – 2A = 4
2A = 4
A=2
 Number Theory

18. The sum of five consecutive numbers is 40. Determine the product of these 5
numbers.
Answer: 30240
Solution:
40/5 = 8. So, the numbers are 6, 7, 8, 9, and 10.
6 × 7 × 8 × 9 × 10 = 42 × 72 × 10 = 3024 × 10 = 30240.

19. If A is the units digit of the value of the expression below, what is twice of A?

Answer: 10
Solution:
Unit digit of 3 has pattern of: 3, 9, 7, 1
2022 ÷ 4 =. . remainder 2 → 9

Unit digit of 4 has pattern of: 4, 6

2022 ÷ 2 =. . remainder 0 → 6

9 + 6 = 15
So, A is 5. Twice of A is 10.

̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅is divisible by 12, and A≠K, what is the smallest

20. If 11-digit number 322𝐾180104𝐴
possible value of A + K?
Answer: 3
Solution:
For the number to be divisible by 12, it should also be divisible by 3 and 4.
For divisibility rule of 3:
3+2+2+K+1+8+1+4+A
= K + A + 21 ➔ divisible by 3
To get the smallest value of A + K, we need to set A to be 0 (divisibility rule of 4).
That would mean that K = 3. So, 3 + 0 = 3.
21. Martin needs to give some sweets to her officemates. If everyone gets 7 sweets each,
2 sweets will be left. If they get 5 sweets each instead, 30 sweets will be left. How
many sweets does Martin have?
Answer: 100
Solution:
Let x be the number of officemates.
7x + 2 = 5x + 30
2x = 28
x = 14. So, there are 14 officemates.
To get the number of sweets, 7 × 14 + 2 = 100.

22. A 3-digit number has a remainder 1 when divided by 4, has a remainder 2 when
divided by 5 and has a remainder 3 when divided by 7. What is such largest 3-digit
number?
Answer: 997
Solution:
Smallest number that will satisfy condition is 17.
Now, getting the Least common multiple, LCM (4, 5, 7) = 140
⌊999 ÷ 140⌋ = 7 and some remainder.
7 × 140 + 17 = 997

23. How many factors does the number 2024 have?

Answer: 16
Solution:
Getting the prime factorization of 2024, we have
2024 = 23 × 111 × 231
So, we need to get the exponents of each prime factor.
We have (3 + 1) × (1 + 1) × (1 + 1) = 4 × 2 × 2 = 16.

24. How many 3-digit numbers either divisible by 8 or 11 are there?

Answer: 183
Solution:
There are 900 3-digit numbers in total.
900 900 900
So, [ ] + [ 11 ] − [𝐿𝐶𝑀(8,11)]
8
= 112 + 81 – 10
= 183
25. How many simplified fraction(s) with denominator 105 is / are there?
Answer: 48
Solution:
First, we need the prime factorization of 105 = a × b × c
105 = 3 × 5 × 7
To get the number of simplified fractions with 105 as denominator, we need to
follow:
𝑎−1 𝑏−1
𝑁× × ×…
𝑎 𝑏
3−1 5−1 7−1
105 × × ×
3 5 7
105 ×2 ×4 ×6
= 105
=2×4×6
= 48