COLLEGE OF SOCIAL SCIENCE AND HUMMANITIES

DEPARTMENT OF GEOGRAPHY AND ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES

ASSESSMENT THE CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES OF

TOURISM DEVELOPMENT IN INJIBARA TOWN

ASENIOR ESSAY SUMMITED TO THE DEPARTMENT OF

GEOGRAPHY AND ENVIROMENTAL STUDIES IN PARTIAL
FULFILMENT OF REQUIRMENT FOR BACHELOR OF ART (BA) IN
GEOGRAPHY AND ENVIROMTAL STUDIES.

Haymnot Edilu
ADVISOR: Nigussie.M (MA)

January; 2024
Bonga; ETHIOPIA
 Table of Contents
ACRONYMS.................................................................................................................................................vi

ABSTRACT..................................................................................................................................................vii

CHAPTER ONE..............................................................................................................................................1

1 INTRODUCTION........................................................................................................................................1

1.1. Back ground of the study..................................................................................................................1

1.2. Statement of the problem................................................................................................................2

1.3. Research Objective...........................................................................................................................3

1.3.1. General Objective......................................................................................................................3

1.3.2 Specific objectives.......................................................................................................................3

1.4. Research Question............................................................................................................................3

1.5. Significance of the study...................................................................................................................3

1.6. Scope of the study............................................................................................................................4

1.7 Organization of the study..................................................................................................................4

CHAPTER TWO.............................................................................................................................................5

2. REVIEW OF LITERATURE..........................................................................................................................5

2.1 Definition of Tourism.........................................................................................................................5

2.1.1 Types of Tourism........................................................................................................................5

2.1.2 Geographic component of tourism.............................................................................................5

2.1.3 Tourist Generating Area..............................................................................................................5

2.1.4 Tourist Destination Area.............................................................................................................6

2.1.5 Tourist Routes.............................................................................................................................6

2.1.6 Tourism and Employment...........................................................................................................6

2.1.7 Element of Tourism....................................................................................................................6

2.1.8 Pleasing Weather........................................................................................................................7

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 2.1.9 Scenic attraction.........................................................................................................................7

2.2.10 History and culture...................................................................................................................7

2.2.1 Tourism Development in Ethiopia..............................................................................................7

2.2.2 Tourism service...........................................................................................................................7

2.2.3 Problems of tourism...................................................................................................................8

2.2.4 Impact of Tourism Development................................................................................................8

2.2.5 Positive impact of Tourism.........................................................................................................8

2.2.6 Negative impact of tourism Development......................................................................................9

2.2.7 Future of Tourism.......................................................................................................................9

2.2.8 Political Development.................................................................................................................9

2.9 Transportation Development..........................................................................................................10

CHAPTER THREE........................................................................................................................................11

3. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY...................................................................................................................11

3.1. Description of the Study Area.........................................................................................................11

3.1.1. Location...................................................................................................................................11

3.1.2 Study area map.........................................................................................................................11

3.1.3 Topography...............................................................................................................................12

3.1.4 Climate condition......................................................................................................................12

3.1.4 Population................................................................................................................................12

3.1.6 Natural Resource of the Study Area..........................................................................................12

3.2. Research Methodology...................................................................................................................12

3.2.1. Research Design.......................................................................................................................12

3.2.2 Data Types and Source.............................................................................................................13

3.2.3. Sampling Technique and Sample Size......................................................................................13

3.2.4 Sample size...............................................................................................................................13

3.2.5 Sample techniques....................................................................................................................14

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 3.2.6 Data Collection Instrument.......................................................................................................14

3.2.7. Questionnaire..........................................................................................................................14

3.2.8. Interview..................................................................................................................................15

3.2.9. Observation.............................................................................................................................15

3.3. Method of Data Analysis.................................................................................................................15

CHAPTER FOUR..........................................................................................................................................15

4. DATA ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION.................................................................................................15

CHAPTER FIVE............................................................................................................................................24

5. CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATION..............................................................................................24

5.1 Conclusions......................................................................................................................................24

APPENDIX..................................................................................................................................................28

ACRONYMS OR ABBREVIATIONS

AWZAO: Injibara town Administration Office

CSA: Central Statistical Agency
C0: Degree Centigrade
Masl: meter above sea level
Mm: mill meter
KM: Kilometre

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 CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION

1.1. Background of the Study

Tourism is temporary movement of people to destination outside their residence for not one
consecutive year for leisure, holiday, recreation and other purposes Dileep & Pagliara, 2023).

African countries have enormous potential for the development of viable and sustainable
domestic and international tourism industry. In Africa countries like Botswana, Kenya and
Ethiopia have a great potential for the development of tourism sector, as they have a good
weather conditions, waterfalls, varieties of culture, tradition and music. However Africa tourism
economy does not fully exploited and touched especially in Ethiopia. Despite it has numerous
intentional tourist site like labella rock hewn church ,semen national park ,fossil royal
compound ,Axum historical and archaeological sites in the and kenos cultural land scape in
south of Addis Ababa is, Harrer jegol in Harrer the most important tourist site in the country
(Getachew, 2007).

Ethiopia is a country of diversities which is unique potential for development tourism. the
geographic and cultural diversities combined with various historical sites and fauna ,land forms
cultural mosaics that made is to be one centre of attraction in the continent. Ethiopia has high
potential resource for tourism but it is still under development shopping facilities for tourist and
lack of entitlement facilities and also lack of well-trained creating staff guide limited number of
travel assistances but tourism contributes for national economy, promotion of foreign exchanges
earning, creation of new job opportunities and promotion of taxes for governments revenues and
promotion of Ethiopian contact with the outside world (http//: www tourism in Ethiopia. Com
2012).

The Amahara region is blessed more with abundance and diversifies natural and manmade
tourism resources. Thus it has great potential for development of tourism industry.

Injibara town is one of nodal in amahara region west gojam awi zone. It has different tourism
attraction site which include are into zengene hayiqe, tireba hayiqe and so on (natural and
tourism bureau of injibara town, 2018).
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1.2. Statement of the Problem

Tourism has been come an attractive sector throughout the world economy particularly in
developing country. It growth affect not only the activities directly linked to tourism, but also
other sector like service sector. Tourism as growing industry can play an important role for the
growing economy of Ethiopia since it has high tourism potential (Bristol S.G, 2010).

In Injibara town is rich in natural and cultural tour site sites. Among the most important one are
Kidus Gebriel church, Medaniealem church and yet, and tourism in Injibara is not well
developed even if it is one of the tourist site in the Injibara town. the problem by which tourism
has been extremely challenged are low level means of transportation and communication like
less availability of road transport services for tourist, the absences of promotion, inadequate
electric city power, water supply, problem of well destination or tourist site, lack of bus station,
around the study area there are muggers, these muggers are take money and material from
tourists. This means weak promotion about the tourist through internet, television and radio etc.
and low level of infrastructures such as restaurants, hotels and entertainment facilities , the other
one is less participation of local community and low of awareness of people towards tourism and
they are not involved in tourism activities, and weak tour guides association in the town. Based
on the above assumption, many researchers have been studied or conducted the challenges and
opportunities of tourism development at the different levels and in different locations or sites.
But it does not conduct or studied at Injibara town. So the researcher tries to fulfil this gab. That
means researcher has been conducted the challenges and opportunity of tourism development in
case of Injibara town

1.3. Research Objective

1.3.1. General Objective

The overall objective of this study has been to assess the challenges and opportunity of tourism
development of in Injibara town.

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 1.3.2. Specific Objectives

 To assess the opportunities of tourism on local economy of injibara town.

 To assess the role of perception on local community, towards tourism
development in injibara
 To investigate the challenges of tourism development in the study area.

1.4. Research Questions

 What are the opportunities of tourism development on local economy of in injibara

town?
 What is the attitude of local communities towards tourism industry in injibara?
 What are challenges of tourism development in injibara?
1.5. Significance of the Study

This study was useful as a base for the researcher who can conduct his research on tourism
sector, and also helps the government bodies and policy makers to understand the basic
challenge and opportunities of tourism development in injibara town. This would be enabling to
formulate and design better policy and strategy even to lay down roles and regulation that
support tourism development. It would also motivate the government and non-governmental
organization and community at a large to establish sustainable tourism development. The basic
rational for the undertaking this study has been provide information about tourism development
in Injibara town.

1.6. Scope of the Study

This study is specified to Injibara, which is found Amahra national regional state of Ethiopia.
The study would focus on this area to describe the challenge and opportunities of tourism
development in the Injibara

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1.7. Organization of the Study

The paper was organized in to five chapters. The first chapter focus on the introduction part of
the study which contains back ground of the study, statement of the problem, scope of the study,
objective of the study, limitation of the study and organization of the paper.

The second chapter discusses various reviews of literatures and concerning definition and
concept of tourism, impact of tourism development. The third chapter deals about description
and methodological of the study. The fourth chapter deals about data analysis and interpretation
of collected data. The last fifth chapter deals about conclusion and recommendation.

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5
 CHAPTER TWO: REVIEW OF LITERATURE

2.1. Definition of Tourism

Tourism is one of the largest and fastest growing sectors in the world. It describe as the activities
of the person travelling to the staying in place outside usual environment for not more than on
consecutive year for leisure, business, and other purpose ( Elder, 2006).

Tourism is multidimensional activities which touch many lives and many different economic
activities. It arises out of movement of people to and their stay in various place or destination.
The movement of destination is temporary and short term in character the intension is so return
within few days wreaks or months. Destinations are visited for purposes other than taking up
permanent residence or employment in place visited (Chiscooper, 2005).

2.1 Types of Tourism

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 2.1.1. Adventure Tourism adventure tourism involves the exploration of remote places
where travelers can exepect the unexecpected. It involves connecting with a new
adventure tourism aka adventure travel, jungle tourism usually takes place in
destinations with specific geographic features and land scape tend to generally,
adventure tourism involves exploration or travel to remote or exotic destinations

2.1.2. Cultural tourism the form of tourism where the goals to seek out cultural
experiences. On cultural tour you might attend festivals and event,visit cultural
tourism . aka literary tourism, festival tourism, music tourism, museum tourism is
type of tourism activity in which the visitor’s essential cultural tourism revolves
around immersing oneself in the traditions, history, and customs of particular
region of country.
2.1.3Bussines Tourism this type of tourism involves travelling to different locations to
attend to bussiness issues or work. In business tourism, individuals business tourism or business
travelres go to another location domastic or international tourism.

2.1.3. Geographic Component of Tourism

Based on the destination types of tourism can be divided into two, those are Domestic and
international tourism. Person who travels with the country to place other than his visual place of
residences and staying at hotel or other rented places uses the sightseeing facilities for duration
of not less than 24 hours and not more than one year. They do not cross the national boundaries.
In this case there is no languages, currency and document barriers (Mohammed, 2008).

It means a person who travels to other countries. In this case, there are different languages,
currency and document in the form of passport and visa which stand in the way of free
movement of people (Smith S.L, 2001).Geographic point of view in tourism consist three
components.

2.1.4. Tourist Generating Area

It is an area of origin of tourist or area where tourists permanently live. These areas are the
source of demand area of promotion, tour operation and travel retying (Bishwanath, 2002).

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 2.1.5. Tourist Destination Area

An area which attracts tourist to stay temporarily will have features that are no found in the
generating areas. They attract tourist due to their supply products and more areas of the main
activities of tourism taking place (Arf & Redzuan, 2009).

2.1.6. Tourist Routes

Tourist routes are areas that link generating and destination areas. Areas crossed by tourist while
travelling between generating and destination area, where transport accommodation services is
taking place and area visited by tourist in route. Tourism and transport are inseparable. Tourism
is about being elsewhere and transport brings the gap between origin and destination
(Bishwanath, 2002).

2.1.7. Tourism and Employment

Tourism industry is a major provider of employment and growth of per capita income of an
employment. Direction employments of tourism are the person who works in tourism enterprises
such as hotels, tourist shops and travel agencies. This people primarily involved in providing
services and goods for directly from tourist.

Indirect employments of tourism are jobs generating in the supplying sectors such as agriculture,
fisheries and manufacturing. And induced employment additional people supported of income
made by the direct and indirect employees like are traders.

Construction employment is the other role of employment by tourism generating in the

construction of tourism facilities and infrastructure like road construction .hotels construction
and lodge construction (Douglas ,2011).

2.1.8. Element of Tourism

There are certain elements which are essentially for tourism. These are pleasing weather,
scientific attraction, historical and cultural factors.

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 2.1.9. Pleasing Weather

One of the most important and essential attraction of any tourist places is fine weather which
worm sunshine, for holidaying good weather is a particularly important ingredients. Since it
place an important role in holidaying, pleasant and non-pleasant experience.

2.1.10. Scenic attraction

Scenic attraction like good weather are import ants factors in tourism, scenery and or the land
scope consisting of mountains, lakes , water fall, glaciers, forest and desert are strong force
attracting people to visit them.

2.1.11. History and Culture

History and culture interest of characteristics exerts powerful attraction for many manmade
feature or products attract tourist like religions, museum, art galleries, agriculture archaeological
site and cultural events.

2.2. Tourism Development in Ethiopia

Ethiopia is one of the oldest countries in Africa. Ethiopia is unique in many ways such as it has
its own alphabet and calendars in1903 remarkable reorganization of Ethiopia after the victory of
Adwa1896. International level leads to diplomacy of Ethiopia with the outside world. Ethiopia
tourism organization was set up in 1961 officially established in 1964. In 1966 by order number
46, it became under the ministry of commerce industry and tourism acting as the mean
government agency and dealing with tourism (Ayalew, 2009).

2.3. Tourism Service

Many tourism service depend on the movement of tourism such as custom and passport control,
and yet are not consider part industry, other service while peripheral to the industry never there is
play an important role in provide in service for the tourist them serve and to the support of
tourism such as :-

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Guiding service, this service entitles guiding informing and sometimes interpreting information
for tourist.

Marketing service, many organizations provides marketing support for the promoters, the
producers and distribution of travel and tourism products.

Travel agencies, is a private sector retailer or public service that provide tourism related services.
It arranges travels and accommodation for customer (Mohamed, 2008).

2.4. Problems of Tourism

The growth of tourism has its own problems. The first is that of land use when much of the area
of tourist destination devoted to agriculture, and there may be conflict between the demands for
tourism and the demand for agriculture (Choke &Macbeth, 2007).

If tourism is to grow more land has to be devoted to it. This raised the problem of the allocation
of scare resources in the most satisfying manner, cars and buses create congestion on the road
and at sites as well as noise and other form of pollution. Pollution is becoming in a major
problem facing the future development of their tourist industry. The major problems of tourism
development were

Lack of enough capital in developing coutries. Lack of awareness of people towards tourism
industry. Lack of harmonization between administrating tourist attraction and tourism operations.
Lack of proper management of related services giving sectors.

 2.1.4 Impact of Tourism Development

It is a well-known fact tourism is great important to a nation. It has numerous benefits to country.
After sometime, however it cans also unfavourable economic, social and environmental effect on
the host community. The following are positive and negative impact of tourism development in
the local community (kebede, 2015-2016).

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2.1.5 Positive impact of Tourism

 Tourism development can bring the following positive impacts:-

 Facilitates foreign exchange earnings.
 Provides government revenue.
 Create employment opportunities for indigenous craft man.
 Broadens cultural integration.
 Preservation of environment

2.1.6 Negative impact of tourism Development

 Negatives of tourism development of are changes on cultural, traditions, consumes,

festivals, values, languages and family structure.
 Increase the demand for goods and services as a result of tourism expand it there may
cause inflation.
 Employments tend to be seasonal as workers may be laid off in winter season.
 Environmental pollution may occur from the different kind of waste left by tourists and
cause damages to plants and animals, even human beings. When engaged in the tourism,
industry, the government ought to calculate the cost in curved and benefit gained from
the sub-sector to investigate whether the positive impact of the industry out weight the
negative one (donnish, foster 2000).

2.1.7 Future of Tourism

Tourism has developed to a level where it has becomes a major industry force for social changes
and major problem for goods and services. The world is a period of rapid of transportation, the
traditional tourist generating countries are moving from an industry sector (stage) to post
industrial sector. With this change life cycle and values are also changes. This changes the life
style of customer demand for travel. The following variables will shapes in the future (Richard
sharply, 2006).

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2.1.8 Political Development
In the late 1980 we see changes of political map of the world and this number of implications for
tourism. The fall of communism has led to expansion of tourism because huge number of
thronged to see the out-side world.

2.1.9 Transportation Development

Tourism is highly depends upon transport technology and the consequent improvements in
efficiency and safety of travel. These associated with infrastructure should both now and in the
future operate with in natural capacities for regeneration and future productivity of natural
resource (Richard Sharply, 2006).

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 CHAPTER THREE: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

3.1. Description of the Study Area

3.1.1. Location

Injibara was one of the10woreda in Amahra region of Ethiopia part of west Gojam awi zone. It is
located in Amahra regional State, at a distance of 445Km from Addis Ababa. Its astronomical
location is 10º and 57’ north latitude and 36º. 933’ and east longitude. It was bordered on the
southwest by benishangui gumiz, on the west by bure, on the North West by Merewe, on the
west by Beneshangul Gumiz region and on the south east Kuch.

3.1.2. Study Area Map

3.1.3. Topography

The term topography refers to the feature of land surface. The common feature of the study area
was plain and hill surface .the study area wide cover plain covered from the relief feature
following the plain and hill. The average altitude of study area was 50 above sea level (Bnja
wordas agricultural office 2012).

3.1.4. Climate Condition

Injibara town climate condition was recorded during the cooling month(October the climate of
the study area described as dega climate zone . The average annual temperature is recorded in
May. It has the annual minimum and the maximum rain fall was amount was1500mm-
2500mm .the rain seasons spread through January and February .It has mean maximum and
minimum temperature. The main annual rain fall was about 99mm the rain season extents from
April to September but maximum rainfall occur in summer season (Amahra region metrological
stations branch office, 2019).

3.1.5. Population

According to awi zone administration offices (AWZAO) Injibara town have 10 urban towns and
20 kebele. According to (CSA, 2007) the total population of this Injibara town of 42,813 in 8,536

13
households of whom 20,948 were men and 21,870 were women;7,291 or17.03% of its
population were urban dwellers.

3.1.6. Natural Resource of the Study Area

In Amahra region state awi zone will be has several natural resources. As a result the natural
resources are read ash construction stone and the main natural resources of the region are mining.

3.2. Research Methodology

3.2.1. Research Design

The research design will be both quantitative and qualitative approach. Qualitative approach will
use for the data collect from the respondent through the interview. Quantitative approach use to
analyze and present the data collect from the respondent through the questioner by the number
and percentage. In order to gather relevant information the researcher will conduct descriptive
research method.

3.2.2. Source of Data

In order to obtain relevant data about challenge and opportunity of tourism development in the
study area the researcher will use both primary and secondary data sources.

A. Primary Data Sources: will obtain from the local community, officials through
interview and questionnaire.
B. Secondary Data Source: will collect from official documents, internet, and library from
different books, journals, articles and magazines.

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 3.2.3. Sampling Techniques

The researcher will be used to stratify random sampling techniques. Hence, from total 20 town
kebele in the study area, the researcher will select purposively one kebels. The total household
of the Kebele 20 and for these Kebele 5% of the household will be selected as proportional
stratified random sampling. Finally from Bila 02 kebele 19 household will be selected as
randomly.

3.2.4. Sample Size

The 2007 national census reported a total population for Injibara town of 42,813 in 8,536
households. Of who 20,948 were men, and 21, 870 were women 7,291or17.03% of its population
were urban dwellers. Then the researchers has employed simple random sampling technique to
get target population or sample size and to give equal chances of selection with confidence
interval of 83 our sample size will be 34 .The reason why we take this amount of sampling is
because of shortages of time, lack of finance to assess total population of the seven kebele. The
sample size is calculated as follows by using Slovene’s formula:

n=N/I+N (e) 2 .....................source :( solvent’s 1960)

Where N=total hose hold

n=sample size n=8536/1+8536(0.17)2 246.69~247.6

E=error of tolerance

Total house hold =8536 8536/1+8536 (0.17)2 247.6

Error =0.17 8536/247.6

Interval=83 n= 34

n=N/1+N (E) 2, so the total Sample size 10 households. In addition some data source from urban
residential office worker would be selected for interview purposively.

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 3.2.5. Data Collection Instrument

The researchers’ will employ three data collection instruments/tool for this study. These will be
questionnaire, observation, and interview.

3.2.5.1. Questionnaire

The researcher will use questionnaire to gather information from the sample respondent’s. The
researcher’ will use questionnaire for this study because it is use full to get relevant information
from large number of respondents. Data will obtain from local community, hotel managers and
tourist.

3.2.5.2. Interview

The type of interview the researcher will employ semi structure interview. Because of this the
interviewer will not allow to change the specific wordings of the questions in the interview
schedule. Data will obtain from culture and tourism bureau of the town and visitor.

3.2.5.3. Observation

The researcher will use observation in order to triangulate the information collected from the
questionnaire and interview as well as strengthen the information.

3.3. Method of Data Analysis

In order to analyze and interpret the collected data from respondents and different documents,
the researcher will employ both quantitative and qualitative methods. Quantitative method will
use to describe data in numerical value such as chart, graphs, tables and percentages. Qualitative
data analysis method will use to describe the collected data in words or statements.

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 CHAPTER FOUR: TIME SCHEDULE AND BUDGET PLAN

4.1. Action Plan (Time Schedule)

Task Time and Duration

Selecting study area 2/04/2016-14/04/2016

Title selection 7/04/2016-17/04/2016

Proposal writing 8/04/2016-15/04/2016

Submitting proposal 15/04/2016

Writing final paper 16/04/2016-18/04/2016

Submitting to instructor 18/04/2016

Final research presentation 19/04/2016

4.2. Budget Break Down

Material Amount Per cost Birr

Paper 1 /5 Packet 150 300

Flash 1 450 450

Pen 3 20 60

Printing 17 pages 3 120

Mobile card 5 15 75

Transport 5 10 50

Writer 40 2 80

Total 1,135

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