Scribd
Upload
27 views5 pages

Raid

Uploaded by

mapeda8785
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
27 views5 pages

Raid

Uploaded by

mapeda8785
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 5

RAID - Redundant Array of Independent Disks

RAID is a technique that makes use of a combination of multiple disks instead of using a single disk for increased
performance, data redundancy, or both. The term was coined by David Patterson, Berkeley in 1987. Redundancy?

Data redundancy, although taking up extra space, adds to disk reliability. This means, that in case of disk failure, if the
same data is also backed up onto another disk, we can retrieve the data and go on with the operation. On the other hand,
if the data is spread across multiple disks without the RAID technique, the loss of a single disk can affect the entire data.

Different RAID Levels

RAID-0 (Stripping)
RAID-1 (Mirroring)
RAID-2 (Bit-Level Stripping with Dedicated Parity)
RAID-3 (Byte-Level Stripping with Dedicated Parity)
RAID-4 (Block-Level Stripping with Dedicated Parity)
RAID-5 (Block-Level Stripping with Distributed Parity)
RAID-6 (Block-Level Stripping with two Parity Bits)

Raid Controller

1. RAID-0 (Stripping)
Blocks are “stripped” across disks.
RAID-0

Advantages

It is easy to implement.
It utilizes the storage capacity in a better way.
Disadvantages

A single drive loss can result in the complete failure of the system.
Not a good choice for a critical system.

2. RAID-1 (Mirroring)
More than one copy of each block is stored in a separate disk. Thus, every block has two (or more)
copies, lying on different disks.

Raid-1

Advantages

It covers complete redundancy.


It can increase data security and speed.
Disadvantages
It is highly expensive.
Storage capacity is less.

3. RAID-2 (Bit-Level Stripping with Dedicated Parity)


In Raid-2, the error of the data is checked at every bit level. Here, we use Hamming Code Parity
Method to find the error in the data.
It uses one designated drive to store parity.
The structure of Raid-2 is very complex as we use two disks in this technique. One word is used to store
bits of each word and another word is used to store error code correction.
It is not commonly used.
Advantages

In case of Error Correction, it uses hamming code.


It Uses one designated drive to store parity.
Disadvantages

It has a complex structure and high cost due to extra drive.


It requires an extra drive for error detection.

4. RAID-3 (Byte-Level Stripping with Dedicated Parity)


It consists of byte-level striping with dedicated parity striping.
At this level, we store parity information in a disc section and write to a dedicated parity drive.
Whenever failure of the drive occurs, it helps in accessing the parity drive, through which we can
reconstruct the data.

Raid-3

Advantages

Data can be transferred in bulk.


Data can be accessed in parallel.
Disadvantages

It requires an additional drive for parity.


In the case of small-size files, it performs slowly.

5. RAID-4 (Block-Level Stripping with Dedicated Parity)


Instead of duplicating data, this adopts a parity-based approach.

Raid-4

Advantages

It helps in reconstructing the data if at most one data is lost.


Disadvantages

It can’t help in reconstructing when more than one data is lost.

6. RAID-5 (Block-Level Stripping with Distributed Parity)


This is a slight modification of the RAID-4 system where the only difference is that the parity rotates
among the drives.

Raid-5

Advantages
Data can be reconstructed using parity bits.
It makes the performance better.
Disadvantages

Its technology is complex and extra space is required.


If both discs get damaged, data will be lost forever.

7. RAID-6 (Block-Level Stripping with two Parity Bits)


Raid-6 helps when there is more than one disk failure. A pair of independent parities are generated and
stored on multiple disks at this level. Ideally, you need four disk drives for this level.
There are also hybrid RAIDs, which make use of more than one RAID level nested one after the other, to
fulfill specific requirements.

Raid-6

Advantages

Very high data Accessibility.


Fast read data transactions.
Disadvantages

Due to double parity, it has slow write data transactions.


Extra space is required.

You might also like