A When asked their favourite animals, many people
answer 'dolphins'. They are known as friendly,
intelligent creatures that have a special relationship with
humans. For example, dolphins can tell when a woman
is pregnant. They can also tell when someone is in
trouble. No one is really sure why this is the case.
Experts think they may understand that humans are
similar to them and try to protect them from predators
and other dangers. Dolphins' protection of humans
might not be just automatic or instinctive: they may
actively decide to help in certain situations. ORCA (KILLER WHALE)
B There are many stories about dolphins protecting
humans from sharks. Wildlife filmmaker Hardy Jones
E Whales have also been known to protect
both humans and other mammals. In
was filming a group of dolphins, when a large shark California, in 2012, a BBC Planet Earth film
swam towards him ready to attack. Four dolphins came crew filmed a group of humpback whales
to his rescue and drove the shark away. Perhaps they who were protecting migrating grey whales
could tell he was a person who cared very much about from attacks by orcas (killer whales) over a
dolphins. In fact, Jones was a well-known campaigner period of at least seven hours. In China,
against the killing of dolphins. In another incident, in Yang Yun applied for a job training whales at
2004, in New Zealand, four people were saved from a Polar Land in the city of Harbin. For the
great white shark by a pod of dolphins. The dolphins 'interview' she had to dive down as far as
herded the swimmers into a group and formed a possible in the seven-metre deep pool.
protective ring around them. As they had not yet seen When she was about five metres down,
the shark, one of them tried to swim away. He couldn't Yang Yun found she couldn't move her
get away, because every time he tried, he was pushed legs due to the freezing temperatures. Two
back inside the ring by the dolphins. beluga whales, Mila and Nicola, sensed that
C
she was in trouble. Mila gripped Yang Yun's
Dolphins don't only save humans from sharks, but leg in her mouth and pushed Yun to the
protect them in other situations too. A scuba diver surface, saving her life.
was hit by a boat near the Channel Islands (between
England and France) in 2006. The man was
unconscious, but survived 56 hours in the water,
watched over by a pod of about 150 dolphins. In 2014,
F Stories of marine mammals helping
humans - and each other - date back to
Ancient Greece. Although we may never be
dolphins again came to the help of a human. Joey sure why they help us, many people feel that
Trevino was losing hope. He had been in the sea for 24 it is a good reason for us to do whatever we
hours after his boat sank in the Gulf of Mexico. He felt can to protect them.
he couldn't keep going any more. A friendly dolphin
approached him and gently pushed him, as if to say
'don't give up'. That moral support and encouragement
may have saved Trevino's life.
D Dolphins have also been known to help other
species. In New Zealand, two pygmy sperm whales
were in difficulty next to a sand bank. People were trying
their best to get them back out to sea, but the whales
couldn't find their way past the sand bank. After several
hours of failed attempts, they were ready to give up.
Along came 'Moko', a bottlenose dolphin, who seemed
to communicate with the whales and led them to a
channel which took them back to the ocean.
NOTES COMPLETION ]
� One question type in the Reading paper is 'notes completion'.
Read the advice in the box and study the example below.
The notes usually only relate to one
part of the passage. Find the
@ • Read the instructions carefully. Check how many words you can use. Do the words need to
come from the passage or from a box of words that you are given? correct part and read it in detail.
• Read the notes carefully. Read the questions carefully The information in the notes may
• Think of similar words to the key words in the notes. not be in the same order as in the
• Decide what kind of word is needed in the gap. Use clues like prepositions (in, from) and articles passage.
(a, an, the).
• Find the relevant part of the passage. Look out for the similar words you noted earlier.
• Find a word or words that seem to fit.
• Read the notes carefully with your words added.
• Make sure that the completed notes match the meaning of the passage and that your words
match the grammar of the sentences.
Example
Look at the gapped sentence and read paragraph F.
whales assisting were first
Stories of and dolphins in
people heard of
I
= marine mammals = helping humans = date back to 'in' tells us the
answer is likely to
The answer is Ancient Greece. be a year or a place
Read paragraph Bin detail. Then match the words and phrases 1-5 from paragraph B
withwords and phrases a-e which have similar meanings.
1 filming a saved the life of
2 came to his rescue b famous
3 well-known c videoing
4 against the killing of d group (of dolphins)
5 pod e for the protection of
Complete the notes below. Write NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS from the passage.
Noun
A pod of dolphins saved the life of a man called l _ ____ _ , while he was
videoing them.
The man was a famous 2 _ Noun _ _ ___ for the protection of dolphins.
Which paragraph did you need to read in detail to complete the notes above? Did you
need to read the whole paragraph?
Complete the notes below. Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS from the passage.
n/n.p
Orcas were trying to catch and hurt a group of 1 who were
travelling from one place to another. The migrating whales were helped by
number
n/n.p2 . The whole incident lasted more than 3 ________
Beluga whales helped a diver who couldn't get to the surface. Because of the icy waters
she was unable to 4 v . One of the whales saved her life by taking
hold of her 5 n/n.p ______ and giving her a push upwards.
Which paragraph d,d -you need to read?
