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The document discusses participatory planning and its importance for implementation. It defines participatory planning as involving community members in identifying problems and solutions. The document also outlines the historical development of participatory planning, its principles, levels of participation, and the project development cycle.

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11 views12 pages

ExportDocument 3

The document discusses participatory planning and its importance for implementation. It defines participatory planning as involving community members in identifying problems and solutions. The document also outlines the historical development of participatory planning, its principles, levels of participation, and the project development cycle.

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ashleytagolgol
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PARTICIPATORY PLANNING AND IMPLEMENTATION

Have a bias towards action- let’s see something happen now.You can
break that big plan into small steps and take the first step right away.” –
Indira Gandhi

LEARNING OUTCOMES
At the end of this chapter, the learners should be able to:
1. relate the importance of participatory planning to implementation;
2. explain the different concepts of participatory planning; and
3. execute the methods of participatory planning.
LET US TALK
Planning refers to directing and guiding the people who
are involved in a certain project.
1. Social planning includes the areas of health, education,
housing, and social welfare. It aims to improve the quality
of life and the standard of living of a particular minority
group in a community (e.g., the poor, women, children,
persons with disabilities, and indigenous peoples).
2. Assessment means to gauge the impact of a community
project on the social development of a community.
Participatory Planning
Participatory planning is the process of laying out the courses of action needed to
attain a set of socioeconomic goals. It resolves community issues or problems by
giving concerned community members the chance to identify problems and
propose solutions.
Historical Development of Participatory Planning
In the 1970s, professional development workers became aware of the mismatch
between the reality they constructed and the reality others experienced.They
were dissatisfied with the short rural visits of development technocrats, who only
drop by the offices of, or talk to, local male leaders, and disillusioned with
questionnaire surveys and their results. They also acknowledged that people from
the provinces themselves knew more about their situations and communities as
compared to those from urban communities (Chambers, 1997).Thus, these
workers developed new methods and approaches to social planning as an
alternative to centralized, top-down planning.
Principles of Participatory Planning
1. Development should be seen more as a bottom-up change than a top-down
change.
2. The development process should be managed naturally rather than mechanically
(i.e., unduly focused on plans, goals, objectives, targets, and schedules). This implies
that the aforementioned variables may change and that, therefore, they should be
made flexible.
3. The development process should also strengthen local organizations and local
government bureaucracies. A community program should be chosen according to
its ability to enhance local development. It should start with a few schemes to solve
immediate local problems, build confidence, and earn experience.
4. The development process should be supported by local institutions with the
villages, primary cooperatives, religious and youth groups, and community- based
and self-help associations playing a major role.
An example of the application of this principle is the following case
According to Rina Jimenez-David, former Department of the Interior
and Local Government (DILG) Secretary Jessie Robredo’s legacy is the
empowerment of his constituents. When he was the mayor of Naga
City from 1988 to 2010, he laid down a clear and comprehensive
framework that allowed his constituents to take an active part in
governance. The Nagueños were able to voice their concerns and
suggestions to the city hall and act in various project stages, from
procurement to budgeting. They also devised a plan to set up a golf
course. As a result, 193 non-governmental and people’s organizations
now work with the local government through the Naga City People’s
Council.
5. The developwell as expess should also be based on
confidence-building and learning, as ecisions xpertise and
training. It is important for the people who will make
decisions at the local level to be trained experts and have
the full trust of the people they represent. This implies
that the and have the full central government departments
should work in tandem with local interest groups and
acknowledge the plans prepared by the latter
Levels of Participation
Typology Results

1. Passive The people are told of what will happen or


what is taking place.
2. Information-based The people will answer a survey team’s
questionnaire (without follow-up).
3. Consultation-based The people will answer a questionnaire that is
defined or designed by “outsiders” (i.e., non-
community members).
4. Incentives-based The people will work for cash, food, or other
incentives.
5. Functional The decisions made by "outsiders" and interest
groups are synthesized to meet the objectives.
6. Interactive Joint analyses, decisions, and action plans are
A project is described in Merriam-Webster as a planned
undertaking. The initial step is to identify the specific acts that
must be undertaken to meet a set of objectives. The next step is
to lay down the project as reflected in the acts to be taken. A
project's common elements include the following:
Objectives - describes what the project aims to do and what it
is for.
2. Boundaries - specifies the scope and limitations of the
project.
3. Location-identifies where the project will be implemented.
4. Target beneficiaries – states who will benefit from
the implementation of the project.
5. Duration – determines the schedule of the project
(i.e., when the project will be implemented and when it
will end).
6. Budget – itemizes the expected expenses that the
project will incur upon its implementation.
7. Methodology – indicates the approach or manner by
which the project will be implemented.
Project Development Cycle
Projects may vary according to their objectives, boundaries, locations, target
beneficiaries, duration, and methodologies. However, all projects undergo a process
called the project development cycle, which consist of the following stages:

Identification Preparation Implementation Evaluation


Although the phases may appear sequentially separated, they are, in fact,
circular (i.e., the phases continually interface with each other).
1. Identification – In this stage, a potential project design is organized
after having adequate consultations with the different stakeholders of
the community.
2. Preparation – Here, the planners determine how and when a chosen
project will be implemented.
3. Implementation Meanwhile, this is the stage where the project is
carried out by the planners and the local community members based on
an agreed-upon timetable.
4. Evaluation – In this stage, the planners and the community members
determine whether or not the project objectives have been met.

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