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Christian Morality in Our Times

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489 views31 pages

Christian Morality in Our Times

cfecfecfecfecfecfecfecfecfecfecfecfecfecfecfecfecfecfecfecfecfecfecfecfecfecfe

Uploaded by

Nikki Runes
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CFE 2

Christian Morality In our Times


CFE 102
• Basic Concepts of Morality
A. Definition of Morality
B. Misconception about morality
C. Object of Morality
D. Constituents of Human Acts
E. Sources of Morality
F. Impediments to Human Acts
G. Norms of Morality
A. Definition of Morality
What makes us, human beings,
different from other creatures of the
earth?
A. Definition of Morality
“God created man in his image; in the divine image he
created him; male and female he created them.”
(Genesis 1:27)

Image and likeness of God: the human person is


bestowed with knowledge and free will
Knowledge and free will: two faculties that we use to
determine/decide our actions.

Philosophical bases/criteria/standard Morality


Principle for our actions
A. Definition of Morality

Is Morality important?
Morality is important
to develop our faith.

How to become
moral?
If we live our lives
patterned after the
life of Jesus and
when we follow the
teachings of the
Catholic Church.
What do we need so that
we can respond the challenge
for us to be moral?

1.) a clear understanding of


what morality is.

2.) unlearn all misconceptions


about morality.

Action = appropriate/
necessary in certain situations
A. Definition of Morality
Morality is important because it serves as the primary
force for all of our actions as individuals or as a member
of a particular society.
It takes the vital role in =formulating ethical norms
=establishing of conduct that
=setting govern behavior
and actions
In order to maintain harmony, unity and
in the society
Ethics vs. Morality
Greek: Ethos Latin: Mos (Mores)

“customary behavior”
ETHICS MORALITY
Systematic study the rightness
of the rightness and wrongness
and wrongness of a human
of a human action.
action.
The science The practice
of “morals” of “ethics”
ETHICS
Provide systems of moral
principles and the reasons why
these principles are valid
BASIC ETHICAL
PRINCIPLES:
-Respect for persons -Non- maleficence
-Truthfulness and Confidentiality - Justice
-Autonomy and Informed Consent
-Beneficence
MORALITY
Refers to principles of right and
wrong behavior or rightness and
wrongness of human actions
In determining the morality of human actions, the moral
agent is guided by the broader rules or principles of ethics.
Ethics: Killing is wrong because it violates the basic ethical
principles of “respect for persons” or “non-maleficence”

Morality: “Do not kill” because it is wrong.


A. Definition of
Morality
Two Forms:
1. Descriptive Morality.
the standard of conduct which is the law is exclusive
and applicable only to a certain society.
Ex. Eating of pork or “dinuguan” Lev. 11:1-47 Mk. 7:1-23
wearing pants for women
monogamy = Christians
polygamy = Muslims
A. Definition of Morality
2. Normative Morality - the
standard of conduct which is
the law is a universal guide to
govern the behavior of all
rational persons.

What then is morality?


A. Definition of Morality
Morality is….
- Science concerned about what ought
to be (norms); judging right and wrong
in light of who we are; dealing with free
human conduct in light of revelation;
summed up by the word responsibility.

Activity 2: Moral or
immoral
B. Misconceptions on Morality
In order for us to be able to appreciate better the
meaning of morality, it is also important to UNLEARN
some existing misconceptions on morality.
1. Morality is a matter of opinion.
2. All opinions about morality are equal and correct.
- the measure of moral evaluation is man. One’s personal belief is
enough to judge the goodness and badness of a certain act.
“kung ano sa tingin ko ang tama(mabuti), yun ang tama (mabuti).”
- no universal rule that is applicable to all human being.
* These are WRONG because NOT ALL OPINIONS are correct.
B. Misconceptions on Morality
In order for us to be able to appreciate better the
meaning of morality, it is also important to unlearn
some existing misconceptions on morality.
3. Morality is outside the world of “practical people.”
- Survival is the key. E.g. “Love versus Economic stability”, “Cheat –
honesty and diligence.”
- No material progress if you are moral.
E.g. “corruption” “business self serving enterprise”
- Morality produces inconvenience
*This is wrong because one can be practical and moral at the same time.
*Becoming rich is not our sole purpose, is a fruit of our labor. Wealth is
tied with patient, hard work and faith.
B. Misconceptions on Morality
In order for us to be able to appreciate better the
meaning of morality, it is also important to unlearn
some existing misconceptions on morality.
4. Morality develops guilt and moral obligation that
makes life miserable.
- morality removes the sense of “enjoyment of sin”.
- morality produces inconvenience and suffering.

*This is wrong because morality guides us to our real and proper goal in
life. E.g. “Cheat to finish the subject/school versus
Study well to learn, be educated.”
B. Misconceptions on Morality
In order for us to be able to appreciate better the
meaning of morality, it is also important to unlearn
some existing misconceptions on morality.
5. Morality is centered only on the act itself setting
aside the circumstances and intention behind the
action.
- Morality judges on ‘face-value’ only, i.e. the ACTION only.

*This is wrong because Moral Judgment is done by looking at the ACT,


the INTENTION of the Agent and the CIRCUMSTANCES
surrounding the Act and the Agent.
C. Object of Morality
Object – is the main concern of Morality
Human acts (gawaing Acts of Man are instinctive
pantao) are those and are not within the
which man performs control of the will. Such
knowingly, freely, and are the biological and
voluntarily. These physiological
actions are the result of movements in man
conscious knowledge such as metabolism,
and are subject to the respiration, fear, and
control of the will. anger.
These actions are
deliberate, intentional
or voluntary
C. Object of Morality
Object – is the main concern of Morality
• HUMAN ACT: (GAWAING PANTAO)
- is any thought, act, word.
- “I confess to Almighty God… that I have sinned in my
thoughts and in my words, in what I have done and what
I have failed to do..”
- that is done with full knowledge. “Alam Niya.”
- the person is free to do it. “Hindi siya pinuwersa.”
- the person does it (did it) intentionally or voluntarily.
“Nais talaga niyang gawin.”
C. Object of Morality
Difference between Human Act & Acts of Man
D. Constituents of Human Acts
1. There must be knowledge of the Human Act – the
human act is performed by the moral agent who is
aware of what he/she is doing and of its
consequences.
2. Human acts are free – it is free from internal/
external forces. No force from within and without
that prevents the person to commit/omit a Human
act.
3. Voluntariness – the resolution/willingness to
perform the act here and now, or in some future
time
D. Constituents of Human Acts
H.A., therefore must be knowing, free, and
willful. The absence of any of these attributes
renders the act defective and less voluntary.
E. Determinants of the Morality of a
Human Act
1. Object/Act:
- the basic factor of morality.
- it is where the moral goodness of an act
depends.
- refers to the human act performed by the
agent.
- it is either good (moral), bad (immoral),
indifferent (neutral).
- It answers the question WHAT?
- Ano ang kanyang ginawa/nagawa?
E. Determinants of the Morality of a
Human Act
1. Object/Act:
- Ano ang kanyang ginawa/nagawa?
ACTION/Object DIRECT EFFECT

1. Stealing Loss of Property of another

2. Cheating Getting a grade you do not deserve

3. Sex Arousal & Pleasure for the partners

4. Studying Gaining knowledge


E. Determinants of the Morality of a
Human Act
2. Intention or End – the reason or purpose behind
one’s action or acting.
- also known as Motive or Purpose.
- “Ano ang dahilan kung bakit niya ginawa?”
- This can modify human actions.
“nakapagbabago sa anyo ng gawaing pantao.”
e.g. a. Sharing food – to cheat during exam.
b. Sharing food – to help satisfy hunger.
E. Determinants of the Morality of a
Human Act
3. Circumstance/s – are certain accidental
conditions w/c can modify the act in some external
way, either increasing or diminishing the
responsibility attending them.
– it answers the reality revealing questions:
a. WHO? With Whom? Sino? – Person/s involved
b. WHEN? Kelan? - Time of Event
c. WHERE? Saan? - Place of Event
d. HOW? Sa papaanong paraan? - Manner or
mood/conditions
E. Determinants of the Morality of a
Human Act
3. Circumstance/s Depending on the answers to
those questions, the quality or morality of a
human act can be appraised.
Moral Principles:
a. It can either increase or decrease the
morality of a human act.
b. It may change a good or indifferent act
into a punishable one.
E. Determinants of the Morality of a
Human Act
Example:
Object : Kissing
Intention : Express Emotion
Circumstances: Who? Rev. Priest or Pastor
:Where? Inside the church
:When? After the mass/worship
:With Whom? Young Lady / Old Lady
:How? Forehead / Beso-beso
E. Determinants of the Morality of a
Human Act
Example:
Object : Stealing
Intention : For the Family
Circumstances: Who? Police Thief In need
:Where? Street/Police Station/ Church
:When? Night time/Daytime
:With/From Whom? Police/Rich/Poor
:How? Robbery/Hold up/

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