Mid-West University
Central Campus of Engineering
Surkhet
Repair & Retrofitting Techniques of Structure (MSTR708)
By:
Vijay Kumar Pandit
Asst. Professor, MSc in Structural Engineering
Cell: 9848057598
Chapter-1
(Introduction to the seismic evaluation and retrofit)
Basics of Seismic evaluation and rehabilitation
Table of Content
• Basics principles of Seismic Evaluation
• Terminology such as Repair, Restore and Retrofitting
• Basics of seismic retrofitting
Seismic Evaluation:
Seismic Evaluation is the assessment of existing buildings
for:
• Available Strength
• Expected performance in earthquakes
• Structural Safety
• Necessity of rehabilitation
Objectives of seismic evaluation:
Access ability of an existing building to reach an adequate
level of performance related to life safety of occupants.
Emphasis is on identification of unfavorable characteristics of
the building that could damage either part of a building or the
entire building
Seismic Evaluation
Seismic Assessment and Damage Assessment
Building Performance Levels
Definition of Structural Performance
Definition of Structural Performance
Seismic Retrofitting
Reasons for Seismic Retrofitting:
Lack of understanding by designers
Deficiencies in design codes
Up-gradation of seismic design requirements
Advancement of engineering knowledge
Inconsistency between the design and actual construction
at site
Damage during past Earthquake
Seismic Retrofitting
Three levels of Improvement
• Repair: Cosmetic Modification
• Restore: Structural Repair (Original performance)
• Strengthen: Higher performance
Comparison of Repair/Restore/Strengthening
Repair
• Repair is a Cosmetic Treatment
• It Brings back original architectural shape
• It does not restore the original strength of the structure
• It is patching up in areas of cracks and fall of plaster;
repairing doors, windows, replacement of glass panes; re-
building partition walls, parapet walls, chimneys; re-
plastering of walls; redecoration, etc.
Restore
• Structural strengthening to regain the original strength of
the structure
• Removal of portions of cracked walls and rebuilding them
strongly with richer mortar; addition of reinforcing mesh
on the cracked walls; Injecting grout into the cracks, etc.
Strengthening
• Increase the strength of the structure to withstand the
future earthquakes
• Providing reinforcements or increasing wall areas or the
number of walls and columns; giving unity to the structure
by providing proper connection between structural
members such as connections between roofs or floors and
walls, etc.
Restoration of Buildings
Strengthening Strategies: Technical
Strengthening Strategies: Managerial
• Management Strategies
• Occupancy change
• Demolition
• Temporary Retrofit
• Phased Retrofit
• Retrofit during occupancy
• Retrofit of vacant building
• Interior Retrofit
• Exterior Retrofit
Strengthening Methods
Feasibility of Retrofitting
Controlling Factors:
• Cost
• Estimated Time of Implementation
• Disturbance to Occupants
If the cost of retrofitting exceeds 30% of cost of
construction of new building, retrofit is not feasible.
Relative Cost of Rehabilitation objectives
Rehabilitation Cost Components
Options for Seismic Risk Reduction
Thank You
