CPE Use Of English 1 for the revised Cambridge Proficiency Examination Student's Book Virginia Evans oS Express Publishing10 u 12 13 4 Contents Units Page Tenses . . 6 Practice Test 1 24 Modals eee : ee 28 Practice Test 2 Ad Infinitive -ing FOrM ossssesestsesee evsneene oe os 48 Practice Test 3 : 66 Passive Voice : 7 Practice Test 4 86 Reported Speech 90 Practice Test 5... . - oe 110 Adjectives - Adverbs soe 14 Practice Test : . - i! Conditionals 138 Practice Test 7 ' 154 Wishes - Unreal Past sevens 158 Practice Test 8 evceeenee . 174 Relatives : 178 Practice Test 9 192 Nouns ee ee 196 Practice Test 10 : - oe . 210 Articles - 214 Practice Test 11 - - sevsnnnannnnsensnne 226 Cousative Form 230 Practice Test 12 SS : : : oa Clauses 248 Practice Test 13 ... 270 Inversion ... sosnnninnntnnnnnntninnnennnnnnennene on 274 Practice Test 14 286 Conjunctions - Punctuation : eo) Practice Test 15 306 Appendix 1 - Phrasal Verbs ...... : : E32 Appendix 2 - Idioms/Fixed Phrases csnnsnnenee - ose B17 Appendix 3 - Words often confused 322 Appendix 4 - Word Formation ..... : 329 Appendix 5 - Verbs, Adjectives, Nouns with Prepositions 338 Appendix 6 - Verbal Constructions 350\urt 2a Grammar: Modals ~S idee ‘can ~ could ~ may ~ might ~ must ~ ought to ~ will - would ~ shall ~ should — have to - need ~ dare FUNCTIONS OF MODALS res ea I can see smoke in the distance. Reckless driving can result in road PF Can | ask you a question? She ean’? speak German accidents Could you give me some advice? When | was at school, | could play You could be right ‘Might | borrow your newspaper? the piano. (repeated action) He may be lucky this fime. (formal) He was able to escape through 0 She might come with us. (but Idon’t_ May I join you? window. (single action) think so} You can sit here if you want, She wasn't able to/eouldn’t finish You can't be serious! You may take the lost sweet, if you the report on fime. (Both types con I's almost midnight. She should be wish be used in the negative for either a here any moment now. repeated or a single action.) ‘She must pay the rent by Friday. ¥ I need to improve my French. You mustn't eat in this room. {strong obligation or duty) The house needs cleaning. You may not make personal phone | have to meet the boss at noon. He has to see a dentist soon. calls during working hours. {obligation} ‘Must | go with you? You are not fo eatin this room. He had to have an X-ray before Do | have to/need to finish this now? (= its against the rules) going to the consultation Need he sign the form? You can’t park here. (= you aren't allowed to park here} ‘Absence of Obligation or erry eee ery i Cie) a) You needn't worry - everything's WP He must be nervous about the test. VP it can't be yours - Isn't yours blue? under contol You must be feeling very sad after She can't be enjoying herself: she | don't have fo leave until 3pm. the loss of your father hates classical music! You needh’t have waited for me. 1's already 6:00. She must have laf He can’t have broken the kichen {but you did} by now. window. He wasn’t even there! They didn’t need fo make any more He must have been lying all along. You can't have been listening food. (so they dida't properly. Mary would never be so rude fo anyone. You don’t look well. You should take NP We should have made sure that the WP Can you hurry up, please? a holiday. tickets were valid. (but we didn’) Wuld/Will you pass me the sal!? You ought to iy harder. That's what He ought to have cooked dinner. II give you a if I would do. {but he did’ Shall | make the toa? You ought not fo complain so much. You could have helped me (but you She should go to the dentist's didn't) 282a Grammar: Mo¥als, CHARACTERISTICS OF MODALS © They take no + in the third person singular except for have fo, need and dare. They have no infinitive or present participle forms except for need, have to and dare * They are followed by the bare infinitive except for ought fo and have fo. + They form their negative and interrogative forms inthe some way as the auxiliaries e.g. may not, may I..”} except for need, have to and dare, Notes * Need and dare are usually followed by a bare infinitive if they are used as modals; otherwise they are followed by a full infinitive. You needn't come. or You don’t need fo come. + Be able to, be allowed to and have to are used to replace the missing tenses of can, may (when expressing permission) and must respectively When you pass your test, you will be able to drive. They were allowed 10 leave as soon as they finished the exam. He had to have an operation. * Could/was able to are used to talk about « general ability whereas was able to is used to talk about an action in a particular sitvation. Both con be used in negatives and questions. Although he was tced, he was able to swim to safety. He couldn’t/wasn’t able to admit he was wrong. Were you able to/Could you find your way? ‘+ Have to expresses external obligation whereas must expresses obligation imposed by the speaker. According 10 the law, all motorcyclists have to wear o helmet when riding their motorcycles. | must vst my grandparents more often. ( feel obliged.) ‘© May and might both express possibility, although may is slightly stronger. He may come if you ask him to. ‘She might come if she has time. (slight possibility) 1 Fill in the blanks with the correct form of can, be able to, must or have to. 0 Students have to pass an entrance examination in order to be accepted by this college. 1 Our father told us that we be home by 10 pm. 2. Despite his lack of experience he get the job. 3 You get visa fo travel fo the USA. 4 You be careful with electricity. 5 Brian buy his new car as he'd been given o bonus at work 6 Ifyou want to be @ member of the club, you ... - register with the secretory. 7 I gave up French 8 | evenness . get down to studying. 8 She was so short she s-vsee Fach the door handle 9 We . go yet. I's not that late 29\e Grammar: Modals S 2 0 10 uN 12 30 Rewrite the following sentences using the words in capitals as in the example. It’s possible that Eve forgot about the meeting. MAY Eve may have forgotten about the meeting. Would you like me to help you? CAN wil Give this message o Mrs Bates, please! | don’t believe the President made such a contradictory statement. CANT cou Is it possible to pay in installments? Do you want to have © look at my article before | hand it in? woulD ‘Aunt May cooked chicken soup for us, even though wwe told her we were eating out NEED He didn’t make sure he had a spare tyre and he got « puncte miles fom anywhere SHOULD Ir is extremely dangerous to stike a match ot a petrol station MUST WfS 0 good idea to get a dental checkup every six months OUGHT Is there any possibilty of the fight being cancelled? UKELY Is it possible to pay by credit cord? MAY There's a possibilty Paul will come to the party this evening. MIGHT 13 14 15 16 7 19 21 22 23 It is necessary for governments to toke action ‘gaint tax evasion ‘MUST Sue didn’t leave home in time and now she is running late for work SHOUD believe business is now experiencing a severe recession MUST I don't believe Horry spent the whole evening studying for his French exam CANT Is it really necessary for me to make the presentation tomorrow? HAVE Iris doubtful whether he will be appointed Minister of Health. ‘MIGHT Iris not advisable to make personal phone calls ot work. ‘OUGHT twas wrong of you to rely on Michael's support. ‘SHOULD Pethaps she was behaving s0 orroganlly because of her insecuriy. MAY Is ita good idea to opply for the junior accountant’ pos!? SHOULD lt wasn't very polite of you not to notify them about the change of plans. coulDMAY - MUST - CANT may (= perhaps) must (= | think/l suppose, | strongly believe) ‘can't {= I don’t think, | don't suppose) 2a Grammar: MoXals, Simple Present Present Infinitive Parhops he works as a teacher He may work as a teacher. Present Continuous Present Continuous lnfinitive | suppose he is working hard. He must be working hard. Simple Future Present Infinitive I'don' think he will win, He can't win, Futur Continuous Present Continuous infinitive Perhaps they will be playing tennis. They may be playing tennis. Simple Post Perfect Infinitive I don’ think he worked very hard. He can’t have worked very hard. Past Continuous Perfect Continuous infinitive | don't believe she was working last week She can’t have been working last week Present Perfect Simple Perfect Infinitive Perhops he has le work. He may have left work. Present Perfect Continuous Perfect Continuous lafiniive I hink they have been living here for yeors. They must have been living here for years Past Perfoct Simple Perfoct Infinitive Perhops he had forgotten about he appointment. He may have forgotten about the appointment. Pes Perfect Continuous Perfect Continuous Infinitive 1 don't think he had been studying hard enough He can't have been studying hard enough. 3. Read the following sitvations and write sentences using the modals in the list above. 0 I don’t think Madonna's new CD has been released 4 | think Mark was living in Spain at the time. yet Madonna's new CD can't have been released yet. a 5 Perhaps you will need to hand in a research paper. 1 I srongly believe David is not lying this time. — : 6 | srongly believe he wasn't just speculating when 2. George is thinking of buying a house this year but he soid that prices will rise. he's not sure whether he will 3. I'm sure Linda is earning a high salary. 3t32 2a Grammar: Modals MUSTN'T / NEEDN'T You musin’t eat in the library. You needn't learn it by heart, 4 ° You are not allowed to eat inthe library. 1's not necessary for you to learn it by heart. You may not eat inthe library. You don’t need fo learn it by heart. You don’t have to learn it by heart. Read the following situations and write sentences using mustn’t or needn't. You aren't allowed to use a dictionary during the 2 It isn’t necessary for Mary to go to work tomorrow. You mustn't use a dictionary during the exam. 3. Eating and drinking is prohibited on the Metro. It isn’t necessary for Brian to finish the reports quickly. 4 Is not necessory to submit my proposal so early DIDN'T NEED TO / NEEDN'T HAVE Didn't need to shows that it wasn't necessary for something to happen ond it didn’t happen. Needn't have shows that it wasn't necessary for something to happen but it did happen. He didh’t need to go 10 work on Sunday. Ir wasn’t necessary for him to.go to work on Sunday, so he didn’t She needn't have bought so many eggs. It wasn’t necessary for her to buy as many eggs as she did, 5 0 1 Read the following sitvations and write sentences using didn’t need fo or needn't have. h wosn't necessary for Andrew to take so much 2. It wasn’t necessary for Mr Jones to collect his wif money for his holiday because everything was less from the airport yesterday as his son volunteered ty expensive than he expected. pick her up. ‘Andrew needn't have taken 60 much money on holiday with him, It wasn't necessary for Mr Smith to cook an evening 3 It wasn't necessary for Paul to stay up all night. The meal for her family last night os her husband took exam he was studying for was cancelled her out fo dinner... STRUCTURAL CONVERSION Perhaps she is abroad. She may be abroad. Perhaps she wosn't taking a batt. ‘She may not have been faking o both Perhops he has been/was studying. He may have been studying. | think she has lost her way. ‘She must have lost her way. | suppose he has left Ausiri. He must have left Austria. think he wos in Germany. He must have been in Germany. Nis certain that he'll ail He is bound to fal Iris certain that she (has) attended the ceremony. She is certain to have attended the ceremony. She must have attended the ceremony. I must reject this plan. I have no option but fo reject this plan. 1 wall have to reject this plan. 10 I don’t think she's forgotten ‘She can’t have forgotten 11 Fm sure he isn’t lying to us. He can’t be lying fo us. 12. tt wasn’t necessary for you to buy so many roses os you di. You needn't have bought so many roses. 13 Was it necessary for her to behave like that? Did she need/have to behave like that? |b wasn’t necessary for me to walk to work as he gave mea lif | didn’t need to walk 10 work as he gave me a lit There's no need to correct he tests today. Don’t bother fo correct the fests today. IHisn't necessary to correct the fests today. You needh’t correct the fests today. You don’t need io correct the tests today. He isn’t obliged to tell you the truth He needn't tell you the truth He doesn’t need/have to tell you the truth tis important for you to learn to drive. You need/have fo learn to drive. ‘Are exams compulsory at this school? Do you have fo sit for exams at this school? Senior students don’t have to take tess. {fs optional for senior students to take tests. 1s not compulsory for senior students fo take fess. o 23 24 25 28 2 31 32 2a Grammar; Md¥als, Its against the rules to write your answers jn ink You musin’t write your answers in ink. Its forbidden to speed in the city centre. You musin’t speed in the city centre. Under no circumstances should/must you drive fost in the city centre. He couldn't go out because it was raining. The rain prevented him from going out. Its advisable fo speok politely to your teachers. You should speak politely to your teachers. You had better speck poliely to your teachers. I would be a good ideo to go on a diet You had better go on a diet You should/ought fo go on a diet Itis advisable to go on a diet 1s a good idea fo go on a diet Why didn’t you consult your lawyer? You should have consulted your lawyer. lot's work out the detail. Shall we work out the details? Why don’t we work out the details? Shall |help you with the dishes? Would you like me to help you with the dishes? Could you come on Monday? Would Monday be convenient for you? How does Monday suit you? ‘May I borrow your car? Do you mind if borrow your car? Would you mind if | borrowed your car? Could I borrow your cor, please? Twas wondering if! could borrow your cor. Would you like to open an account? Would it interest you to open an account? Would you be interested in opening an account? How would you/do you feel about opening an account? How about opening an account? She is unlikely to pass her exams. Its unlikely/not likely that she'll pass her exams. There’s litle likelihood/possibilily of her passing her exoms/that she'll pass her exams 's doubtful whether she'll pass her exams. He is likely to win the prize. Its likely that he will win the prize. Its very possible that he will win the prize. He could certainly win the prize. There is every likelihood that he will win the prize. 332a Grammar: Nodals © Complete the second sentence so that it has a similor meaning to the first sentence using the word given. Do not change the word given. You must use between three and eight words, including the word given. 1. Jeff, shall we go out tonight? how Jelf tonight? 2 tis very possible that he'll be promoted. every There promoted 3. Itis certain that he wil return this afternoon. bound He seventeen this afternoon, 4 He wasn't able to understand the radio message because of interference. impossible The interference on the radio... the message. 5. Why haven't you signed this form at the bottom? sign Weren't . eee at the bottom? 6 Could he have been telling the truth? likely ee the truth? 7 Could you come on Saturday? suit How you? 8 How do you Fee! about going on an excursion? tke How on an excursion? CONVERSATIONAL GRAMMAR 34 7 Choose the correct item. 1 "l'm freezing." "You more warmly.” A could dress C may have dressed B should have dressed D must have dressed N ‘Oh, this looks familiar.” ai it to you before.” A had to show CC needn't have shown B may have shown didn’t need to show Louisa is sil in Palma, s0 you .... her atthe library. A couldn't see C weren't able to see B mustn't have seen can't have seen "Whose are these keys?” "Oh they're Mary's; she wa... them." ‘A must have left C ought fo be left B should hove left =D might be left "Do you think Sally will be offered « place at the University?” “Definitely; in fact, she's very likely scholorship.” A that she will get_ that she gots B tobe getting D toget "Kelly's late; that’s not like her.” "She nnn @bout your date.” A. might forget might have forgotten B could be forgetting D could forgotten the Complete the second sentence so that it has @ similar meaning to the first sentence using the word given. Do not change the word given. You must use between three and eight words, including the word given You don't have to inform the agency beforehand, compulsory ht a the agency in advance, May | borrow your typewriter? mind Do your typewriter? You won't be able to enter the country unless you have a visa. prevented Passengers without a visa .. evenness the country You mustn't start writing before the fest starts. rules W ae Until the test has started9 Read the text below and think of the word which best fils each space. Use only one word in each space. COSMETIC SURGERY Uni half a century (0) ago, the basic physical structure you were born with, (1) you suffered ‘an accident, was the one you died ‘Apart from ‘normal wear (2) tear or the possibility of a broken nose or (3) disfigurement, you did not expect to change your appearance drastically. However, people have not always been happy with : lot and have often wanted to see something different when they look at themselves in the mirror. Fortunes have been (5) by selling wigs ond miraculous wrinkle removers. Magazines have been full of advice on (6) to disguise the shope of your face by applying blushers and foundations (7) invented. Then fresh hope appeared in the form of cosmetic surgery. Most general practitioners warn their patients ‘ot fo expect their lives to be transformed when they @ their noses remodelled or their ears tucked back; nevertheless, there is a constant supply (9) willing victims streaming (10) the plush cls ofthe knife-wielders. kay) the people in the public eye who ‘normally have the (12) drastic changes made. However, many ordinary people dream of locking dramatically different, save for years to make thee dream (13) true, and are willing to put up with the inevitable swelling, scorring and black yes. (14) some people sell stores to the Inblod press about how their lives have changed, many ‘hers are sadly disappointed with the results, 05) it may even have left them looking considerably worse than they did before PHRASAL VERBS 1 10 o) Match the phrasal verbs in bold with the definitions given the day these products were 1 Perhaps you could hold your questions until the end af he lecture rather than keep breaking in. 2 The two countries have broken off diplomatic tclatons. ‘3 Wor in the Falklands broke out in 1982 aoca 2b English in se. The car broke down just as we were leaving the house. ‘When accused, she broke down and confessed her guilt. Breaking into smile, Tim said “Happy birthday.” Breaking through poverty barrier she became a world-famous scientist. Since they did nothing but quarel, they decided to break up. toend sth suddenly e to stop functioning to end a relationship suddenly start doing sth to begin suddenly (of wor, disease, fre ete) ochieve success @. 10 lose control of despite obstacles or oneself dificulies ht interrupt 3 5 7 4 6 8 b) What other meanings can you find for the following? break down, break out, break up Use each meaning correctly in a sentence. 3548 UNIT 3a Grammar Infinitive -ing Form TENSES OF THE INFINITIVE a ST) Regular Verb Irregular Verb Regular Verb Irregular Verb Present (to) cook (to) write Present Con. to} be cooking (to) be writing fone (to) have cooked to} have writen Perfect Con. {to} have been to} have been ‘cooking writing ‘© after certain verbs advise, offord, agree, allow sb, appear, be allowed, compel, decide, encourage, expect, hope, infend, invite, manoge, pretend, proceed, promise, refuse, remind, seem, tell, tend, etc He advised me to take a rest. * otter certain adjectives comazed, angry, delighted, difficult, disgusted, easy, fist, glad, happy, las, likely, obliged, sad, sorry, supposed, surprised, unable, etc Iwas glad to hear he had been promoted to manager. © with impersonal construction + adjective ‘hwas nice of him to send you roses. + with only and just (unsatisfactory result) He phoned only to say that he wouldn’t be coming. © im expressions such as: fo tell you the truth, to cut a long story shor, to be honest/fir, etc Teo tell you the truth, | haven‘ seen him since Monday. * after certain nouns (pleasure, nuisance, nightmare, etc) 17-0 pleasure to see you. ‘© ater question words (who, where, what, etc} 1 don’t know what fo do. © with to0 and enough She's to0 old to drive a car. (negative) He's old enough to drive a car. (positive) (to) be cooked {1o) be written {fol have been cooked {to} have been written oa fa + with modals (can, could, may, might, shall, should, must, wil, would) He can go if he wants to. * with need, dare (as auxiliary verbs) You needn't work today. | daren’t talk to him. Notes 2 dare expressing courage or lack of courage can be followed by bare or full infinitive 11don’t dare (to) tell her the truth He dared (to) atlempt it again. b dare expressing threats, warning, anger, etc is followed by bare infinitive Don't you dare lie to me again! How dare you speak to me like that! ¢ dare expressing challenge is followed by full infinitive | dare you to climb up that ree. + with had betier/would rather/would sooner You'd better go to bed. + with moke (= force), let (= allow], see, hear, smell, feel, watch, notice {in active voice) He let me watch TV. Note Notice, make, see, hear, tll, watch in passive voice «re followed by ful infinitive. The baby was made to eat all his soup. *ctter why (nol) to make suggestions Why not meet again some day? [Why don't we meet...Notes * 00 + adi/adverb + full infinitive (negative) adj/adverb + enough + ful infinitive (negative) enough + noun + ful infinitive (positive) 50 + adjective + 0 + fll infinitive 3a Grammar: Infinitive aS S He is too young fo get married. He isn't old enough to get married. He's got enough money to get married. ‘She was so gullible as to believe his story ‘+ When the subject of the verb is not the same as the subject of the infinitive we indicate it by using object forms. see + bare infinitive (complete action) hear listen watch + present porticiple {incomplete action/action in progress) @, come (when used fo refer to physical activities) spend/waste time be busy CONVERSATIONAL GRAMMAR 1 Choose the correct item. 0 “Ihaven't heard from Hugo recently Is he around?” “Yes, but he's thinking of going ...... in the French Alps soon.” A to trek C to be trekking © trekking D trek 1 She didn’t know who .....t0 for help A turning having turned B to have tuned D town 2 "Where's Anne?” *She’s busy ...... the washing up.” 4 doing C have done B be doing D todo 3 “The Government appear to have made up their minds at last.” ‘Ws about fimel They've spent months ..... this issue.” A debating C having debated B to debate D hove been debating 4. "don't think he will odmit to his foul.” “lagtee. It tokes courage .... he truth” A to reveal C revealing B reveal D tobe revealing + present participle I would like him/John to come. INFINITIVE AND PRESENT PARTICIPLE WITH VERBS OF PERCEPTION AND OTHER PHRASES 1 saw her lock the car and put the key in her bog. 1 saw her walking down the street He went skiing lost winter. He spent an hour fixing the tap. He was busy cleaning the car. No matter what Jo said she couldn't make him her point A to see C to be seen B soe D have seen "So, whose fault wos it? Jane’s or Brian's?” * csaun fait, they were both portly to blame.” A Being € Tobe B To have been D Hoving been | can't believe Peter was... naive os to trust her. Aw Cos B too D enough Sorah is honest and hord.working but she tends sans @ fille stubborn at fimes. A be © being B tobe D to have been “She was great, wasn't she?” “Absolutely. | con't recall the lost time | heard her such a an inspiring speech.” A deliver C to be delivering B to deliver D has been delivering 493a,,Grammar: Infinitive -ing Form 50 TENSES OF THE -ING FORM Active Voice Passive Voice Present cutting being cut Perfect having cut having been cut The ing form is used after prepositions detest, dislike, enjoy, fancy, hate, lke, loathe, love, prefer, resent thote, lke, love, prefer when used in the conditional are followed by full infinitive) begin, cease, commence, finish, start, stop these verbs, except stop and finish, can also be followed by an infinitive with no difference in meaning) i's no use/good, it’s (not) worth, there’s no point (in), feel like, can’t stand, can’t help, be/get used to, be/get accustomed to, have dificuly (in), in favour of ‘odmit, anticipate, appreciate, avoid, consider, defer, delay, deny, endure, entail, escape (= avoid), envisage, evade, forgive, imagine, incur, involve, keep (= continue, look forward to, mention, mind, miss, pardon, postpone, practise, prevent, recall, recollect, report, risk, save, shirk, suggest, understand, ete Note. When the subject of the verb is different from the subject of the -ing form we indicate it by using object forms or possessves (more formal} Thate him/his/Jerry’s interrupting me. +g form VERBS TAKING INFINITIVE OR -ING FORM WITHOUT A CHANGE IN MEANING ‘+ begin, stat, continve, cease, commence, omit He continued listening to the radio. He continued to listen to the radio. Note The -ing form is not used ater the continuous form of these verbs. + advise, ollow, permit, recommend, intend followed by an object take o full infinitive whereas they take an -ng form when not followed by an object intend con also take a gerund whether the object is mentioned or nol) He allowed us fo eat inthe clossroom He allowed eating in the classroom He recommended us fo take plenty of exercise. He recommended (our taking plenty of exercise. * sth needs/requires/wants can be followed by an -ing form or by a passive infinitive The car needs servicing/to be serviced.3a Grammar: Infinitive in Yorn 2 Putthe verbs in brackets into -ing form or the correct form of infinitive. 0 The police allowed him to leave (leave) after he had mode a statement 1 She advised us through the woods to save time. (fake) the short cut 2 The doctor recommended (follow) « diet of fresh fruit and vegetables. 3 There's no use {postpone} your visit; you'll have to go sooner or later. VERBS TAKING INFINITIVE OR -ING «forget + toinfnitive = not remember fo do sth when you intend to | forgot fo visit the museum. forget + ng form = not to recall never forget visiting thot museum. + g0.0n + toinfntive = stop one action and start onother They frst discussed the items on the agenda and then went on fo discuss the budget. go.0n + ing form = continue He went on playing the piano in spite ofthe neighbour's complaints + ke + toinfinitive = find sth good to do | like t© go to the market very early in the morning $0 thot I can select the best vegetables. like + ing form = enjoy Ihke swimming; i's my favourite pastime. ‘would like to + infinitive = want fo | would lke 10 meet your friend; he sounds interesting. * mean + toinfinitive = intend to ‘She means fo discuss the matter withthe headmaster. ‘mean + -ing form = involve, entail ‘means changing the original plans. * propose + tinfinitve = intend | propose to build three more classrooms. ‘propose + -ng form = suggest | propose hying that new Chinese restaurant 4 regret + Ioinfinitve = be sorry to hove to do sth {regret o inform you thet your application has been rejected. regret + ing form = feel sorry about @ past action | regret buying this car because itis always bveoking down. Se “SS 40 don’t mind (help) you with your homework. 5 This room needs tidy) before we can use it 6 He omitied (ill) us about the meeting, 7 Jane started (have) bad dreoms afer being inthe cor accident. FORM WITH A CHANGE IN MEANING remember + toinfinitve = not forget to do sth when you intend to. Remember to lock the door before you leave the house. remember + ng form = recall ‘She remembers locking the door before leaving the house. ry + toinfintive = attempt We tried to persuade him not fo go, but he wouldn't listen. ity + sng form = do os on experiment They tried advertising their business inthe local newspaper: * sop + foinfntive «stop sth temporarily, in order to do sth else She stopped fo talk to hor neighbour as she was taking her dog for 0 walk stop + ing form = finish, stop permanently They stopped taking when the teacher came int the loss. ‘+ {bel understood + tenfinve = give the impression He is understood fo agree that negations are necessary understand + ng form = to understand sb else's feelings or actions | con understand his feeling angry about their decison © wont + toinfinitive = wish | want 0 extend my vsa want + ng form = need sth done The battery's fat; it wants recharging. + droad + toinfinitive = be afraid (specie) | dread fo thnk how much he may sur. dread + ing form = to fear greatly (general | dread going to the doctor. Stve Grammar: Infinitive ~ing Form 52 + hate + toinfinive = hate what one is about to do | hate to interrupt you but I need some help. hate + ing form = feel sorry for what one is doing I hate causing you inconvenience. ‘© be sony + toinfiniive = regret sth/feel regret 1 am sorry to hear of his illness. be sorry for + ng form = apologise 11m sony for shouting ot you. ‘+ be afraid o + toinfntve = he subject is too frightened to do sth She was afraid fo drive the car be ahraid of + ing form = the subject fears that the ction expressed by the gerund may happen ‘She dida’t want to drive the car; she was afraid of ‘causing an accident. CONVERSATIONAL GRAMMAR 3 1 Choose the correct item. His colleagues secretly tried... his advancement in the company. A blocking block B to block D tobe blocking I propose we ...... the speeches until the end of the event. A leaving € leave B to leave D be leaving Would you rather ....... at home or regular hours in an office? A to work C worked B work D working “Are you coming to the wedding?” “Yes but | would prefer not... 10 the reception afterwards.” A going C having gone B togo D to have gone “Everything | do fails; 'm o walking disaster.” “1 suggest you ...... complaining and count your blessings.” A stopping C to have stopped B stop D to stop © be ashamed 10 + infinitive (the infinitive refers to @ subsequent action) Sho was ashamed to admit tht she had lied. be ashamed of + ing form (the gerund refers to @ present or previous action) She's ashamed of lying, and swears she'll never do it again + would prefer + toinfinive (specific action) | would prefer to be left clone just now. prefer + ing form (general) | prefer swimming to running. prefer + oinfnitive (general) He profers to study a night. + can't/couldn't bear + infinitive (speci) | can't bear to tell him the bad news. can't/couldn’t bear + ing form (general) 1 can't bear telling people bad news. 6 “Have you made your decision yet?” “I'd prefer ...... Fight now, if you don’t mind.” A not answer not to answer B not answering D to not answer 7 “I thought you liked a challenge!” “Not the kind that involves «a rubber band round my ankles!” off « bridge wil A jumping C to jump B jump D to jumping 8 “Has Paul been told yet?” “Not yet. | dread his ...... out!” A to find € finding B find D to be finding 9 “Irefuse to write the report.” “How dare you ....... the boss's instructions!" A to defy C to be defying B defying D dely 10. “Is there something wrong?” "Yes, but I'm afraid you becouse you'll congry.” A of telling C to tell B telling D tell4 Put the verbs in brackets into the -ing form or the correct form of the infinitive. 1 The architect resented the design at such a late date. 2. you want to learn fo ride, you must firs ry : {maintain} control ofthe horse. 4. She's certain fo/want fo come tothe party but | very tmuch doubt she'll wish (Paticipate) in the dancing 4 suggest you (consult « specialist for a second opinion before having the operation. 5 They began (argue ot breakfast and are sill quarreling now. 6 don't support {use) live animals for experiments under any circumstances. 7 Daniel intends take) o gap year between school and university and wants to rave round Europe 8 twas srange that the fle went missing, because he disinlly remembered (pu) it in the cabinet before he lef. (modify) 9 hate (say) this, but think you've overstepped the mark this lime. 10 1 voguely recall . (meet) him in 1999 at a teaching seminar. 1 The lowers need (arrange) and the coke needs to be baked, 12 Concerning my eldest son, | wouldn't even venture guess as fo what he is plonning (do), 5 Put the verbs in brackets into the -ing form or the correct form of the infinitive. like many people, | dislike (0) having (have) someone ().. cov (look) over my shoulder while a (read) my newspaper on the bus. find it ifcult (3) (prevent) myself from 4 {say} something sarcastic to the onlooker cssurly, (5) (peruse) one's newspaper iso private affair. To my mind, (6) (invade) areaders space inthis way is rather lke (7) {eve} oneself (8} (join) o private ‘comersation. We seldom seem (9) felerie) rudeness of this kind in ordinary circumstances Teansider my precious few minutes with @ newspoper esely thot ~ minel 3a Grammar: Infinitive _ 6 Put the verbs in brackets into the -ing form or the correct form of the infinitive, It is difficult (0) to underetand (understand) why millions of cinema-goers queve for hours (1) (obiain} tickets 10 see the latest "blockbuster", only 2). cv (discover) that the film iso biter disappointment, (9) smn (Bay) seant regard reliable reviews, they appear (4) (prefer) (B) ons (place) their trust in extravagant claims made by the film promoters. These ore the marketers whose sole purpose is (6) (boost) ticket sales, thereby (7) Uline) the pockets of the film makers and (8) (ensure) o tidy profit, (9) (enable) them (10) {produce} yet another film of equally poor quality. So, if you're anxious (11)... {know} whether you're likely (12) (get) value for money, and ifthe lat film you sow was a real letdown, ry (13) (rood) what the critics say, first 7 Put the verbs in brackets into the -ing form or the correct form of the infinitive. You know that dreadful feeling: (0) sleeping (sleep) through the olarm clock and then (1) . {worry) that you'll be too late (2) (meet) your friend for coffee or (3) (get) 10 work on fime. Few people have reason (4) (sop) ond wonder how many others might also be 6) (hurry) 10 various destinations at that moment (6) .. {know} they will probably miss their appointments. Although you might not be ¢ particularly punctual person, you may stil be tempted (7) ask), why British social lives are so often ruled by the clock. Perhaps we would all benefit from (8) 2 (slow) down and °) (follow) the examples of southern Europeans, In Greece for example, punctuality Frequently obeys the laws of “rubber time”, (10) (allow) for flexibility ond the reassuring thought that nobody worries too much if you arrive a litle later than expected. 53‘3a Grammar: Infinitive -ing Form 54 ~ STRUCTURAL CONVERSION Driving fost is dangerous. Nis dangerous to drive fost She is foo young fo get married. She isn't old enough to get married. He couldn't help noticing that she was upset Itdidn‘t escape his attention that she wos upset. The prospect of a short holiday fills me with pleasure. ook forward to (having) a short holiday. 1s quite unnecessary to answer his letter “Answering bis lettor is quite unnecessary/pointess There's no point (in) answering his letter. Is no use answering his letter twas difficult for her to believe that she had won She had dificuly (in) believing that she had won, She could hardly believe that she had won. She found it difficult fo believe that she had won Would you be so kind as to pass the salad? Do/Would you mind passing the solad? Could you pass the salad, please? 8 IHfook me an hour to do my hair Doing my hair took (me) an hour: 1 spent an hour doing/on my hair: 9 Do you intend to go/going to her party, tomorrow? Will you be going to her party tomorrow? Are you thinking of going to her party tomorrow? 10 I's out of the question to expect me to apologise. 1 have no intention of apologising. Fancy even suggesting that | opologise! 1 don’t mean/intend to apologise. | most certainly won't apologise. 11 Mary objects fo lying. lying is something that Mary objects to/hates loahes 12 'm not inthe habit of waking up early 1'm not used to waking up early. 13. He made me open my suitcase J was made to open my suitcase 14 | can’t remember reading this novel. 1 have no recollection of reading this novel 15 I's a waste of time trying to make yourself understood 8 Complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning 1o the frst sentence, using the word given Do not change the word given. You must use between three and eight words, including the word given 1 I refuse to pay the bill intention Vhave the bill 2. He is too irresponsible to run the depariment charge He is not .. of the department. 3. Sheila is worried about the proposed changes at work prospect The worry, 4 Would you please keep your mobile phone switched off during the fight. mind Would you the plane is airborne. 5 We waited on the bus for on hour before the engine .. while we waited on the bus. 6 Ion was not used to doing such strenuous training habit strenuously 7 You should always wear a seatbelt. unwise this «@ seatbel 8 | apologise but | completely forgot about ax appointment confess I must my mind 9 There's a possibility that you may be able to geta grant. eligible We are pleased - © gron, 10 At least make an attempt at the exercise. It migh not be as difficult os you think itis. ty IFyou it easier than you think11 Perhaps o highibre diet will do you good. benefit You - . hightibre diet. 12 He continued his speech, even though they all coppeared disinterested. on He on seve thot they all appeared disinterested. 13. Sonia's preference is for a ninetofive job. rather Sonia seve from nine to five. 14 Iwill probably have to get my car serviced soon. My car 15 tris believed that the two rival companies have agreed to the merger. through The two rival companies the merger. 16 Nadie said nothing because she was afraid of clfending them, feor Nodio remoined silent offence. 17 twos very nice of you to let us know about the change in verve oppreciate We s change. 18 He didn't have a clue what it would be like to live in the country. cemvisoge He ‘out of town, 19 Ifyou invest all your savings in this scheme you may lose them, risk You run — if you invest them in this scheme. 20 | don't really want to go to the reception feel Hl to the reception. 3a Grammar: Infinitive -ing Rorm, 21 | bet you wouldn't swim that far outl dore I don't that far out! 22 When he locked the door, the telephone rang, just He -»- the telephone ringing 23 Your sending her flowers in hospital was a thoughtful gesture. kind it in hospital! 24 | couldn't help noticing how friendly he's been towards you recently ot His . my notice 25 11am delighted to make your acquaintance. pleasure iris you. CONVERSATIONAL GRAMMAR 9 Choose the correct item, 1. “How much time do I have to make my choice?” “1 suggest you ....... @ quick decision.” A having mode C made B to moke D make 2. “I'm sure you miss the island, having lived there for so long.” "Yes, | offen imagine... it again.” A seeing having seen B to see D to be seeing 3. “So, what did the President have to say?” “He mentioned pension reform and went on that he would reduce unemployment figures.” A adding C to be adding B odd D toad 4. “Did you enjoy your picnic?” “Yes, we had a great time and on the way home we stopped ....... the sunset.” A 10 admire to hove admired B admiring D admire 5SNab English in Use S 10 Read the text below and think of the word which best fits each space FOREVER ON THE PHONE ‘A hundred years ago, the principal means (0) of communication for individuals and for businesses was 0 letter and telegram, but nowadoys telephones are used constanily in private houses, offices ‘ond factories. Ths is certainly the (2) widespread and convenient way for people to communicate with one another. With the telephone, business deals can be arranged ‘and completed rapidly. In (3) . financial centres and stock exchanges, (4) constant use of the telephone system, can be assured (5) ceerssnssesee geting the very latest, uptothe-minute information about the (6) changing currency ‘and share values. This type of information is essential a) sso @eonomic stability worldwide. The telephone network also provides @ direct line into the homes of friends and relatives. For old and infirm people, and for those lonely people living on their (8) . , the telephone isa friend. At 9) soy families are offen scattered, not only throughout the country but also throughout the world (10) or. von @ few minutes’ conversation with a loved one, who may be thousands of miles away, is 0 source of great comfort (11) nnnnnnnn US Ofcourse, very often the telephone can be « nuisance. Some will say that it intrudes too (12) sone OM people's privacy by ringing at the (13) inconvenient times. On the (14) , though, the changes brought about by the introduction of the telephone have been (15) great benefit to everyone. The telephone has helped to bring people closer in a difficult world and has made life, for mony, much easier and much more enjoyable. PHRASAL VERBS 1 11 Look at Appendix 1 and fill in one of the prepositions below, then give a synonym for each phrasal verb, ‘up # off © on about # in # round * out * over * through 0 The rioting was brought about by a huge increase in the price of bread. 56 ‘and buy her o gift the business deal through Lets all chip... 2. He brought... sheer persistence. 3. His new song cought .. right owoy and entered the top ten the week after its release. 4. Don't forget to bring - the matter ofthe new park at the council meeting 5. CBN has just brought collection of songs from the sities 6 Tradition has been carried into ur time in many ways. 7 He wos brought by his grandmother 4s he had been orphaned at an early age. 8 We brought the unconscious woman with smelling salts 9 The cold weather has brought again. 10 That law was brought to protect tenants from being exploited by their landlords. 11 The young actress carried the performance without a hitch. 12 Corry with your work, please, There's no time to waste. 18. The soldier carried his orders, doing exactly what he had been told to do. 14 Negotiations between the Union and the management have been carrying for months without « result, 15 He will carry his plan despite all your objections. 16 She is always carrying when she loses something. 17. She was walking too quickly for me to catch with her. anew CD ofa his cough like © lunatic Who's the difference between charge to ond charge with?PHRASAL VERBS 2 3b English itkUse, 12 Match the phrasal verbs in bold with one of the definitions given. 0 ‘calla he travel agency fo collet our tickets sill believe she's quily. 3 His condition calls for immediate medical attention. 5 You'd beter call in a solicitor before writing your will 0 ote. 1 She was cleared of the charges of negligence but some people 2. Assoon as John reached Vienna he was called back to Paris. 4 The meeting was called off due to the chairman's illness 5 My cousin was called up at the age of 19 and died in Viemnam o 417. The union has called out its members to iry to get a better deal {8 The bull cleared off when he sow the teacher approaching 9 They cleared out the garage to make room for their new car 4 to cancel b to conseript € to ask fo retuen d to run away €@ to brighten up (of the weather) F to visit briefly g 10 get rid of unwanted things | hi to remove, tidy 1 to cause one to go on strike j_ to find innocent k to consult 1 t0 require CONOURONO0 zs 310 i's been raining all morning but it seems to be clearing up now. 11 you lared away ol hese books, we'd have room to ea TDIOMS/FIXED PHRASES 1 reveal one’s character hopeless sitvation or case preside over o meeting chair © meeting: toslour: have the chock (in): slightly unwell dare to do sth unreasonable/ ‘annoying get angry/upset not be discouraged with great success confide in sb very different gta bithot under the collar: ep one’s chin up (inf): wih thing colours: (21a problem off one’s chest: Aifent as chalk and cheese: call sb names: py one's cards right: insult sb ect cleverly What is meant by “don’t count your chickens before bey oe heiched”? 13 Fill in the blanks with one of the idioms/fixed phrases. © Trying to make them understand how teenagers think is @ lost cause. They are so conservative. 1. Paul was asked to as the director was away on business. 2 Laura passed her exam She came top of the class 3 He .. when he started throwing his weight around at work 4. don't know how he about my spelling when his is even worse. 5. You look... ‘Would you like me to call « doctor for you? to moon & John managed to despite his chronic illness. 7 you cond speak nicely to your father he might take you to the fair this thernoon 8 Bert and Tom are os different as It’s hard to believe that they are brothers! Those boys are very rude to me. They are always 10 Instead of us siting there feeling bad, why ott about it and sen 2 She when a colleague started criicising her work, uv 5?\os English in Use wasted/lost down in the dumps: not cheerful on the dole: receiving unemployment benetit/social security 90 to the dogs: foil/deteriorate a redletter day: © very important day let sleeping dogs lie: IDIOMS/FIXED PHRASES 2 «a wild goose chase: be caught red-handed: be caught while committing -crime/doing sth wrong crocodile tears: false tears hopeless pursuit {sth) easily done ovoid mentioning o subject €or taking action which could cause trouble 14 Fill in the blanks with one of the idioms/fixed 8 9 phrases Fred thought the test was a piece of cake; he has no doubt that he hos passed it have plenty of spare time but very litle money because | am Kale is feeling her boyfriend has left her. 12 June is for my sister. Ws the day she launched her own business Looking for Susan in New York is simply she could be anywhere, You can't fool me with your I know you're not realy upset Please don’t bring up that old argument with Joe when you see him. Just While some people claim the county is others think the new government will bbe able to improve mater. The litle boy the last piace of cake from the tin All the money I'd invested went when the stockmarket crashed. because toking PREPOSITIONS 15 Look at Appendix 5 and fill in the blanks with the ° 58 correct preposition. The children were late and had to make @ dash for the schoo! bus. 1. The woman exulted her son's success o writer 2. We'll have to economise wwe won't be able to pay the bill 3. I dream becoming a millionaire ond buying a big yacht. 4 The student was eligible to study at university 5. The employee showed total disregard the company rules and was dismissed. 6 The driver was distracted the commotion ‘ond didn't notice that the traffic lights had changed 7. John was so engrossed the film ha he forgot about the coke that was in the oven. 8 We were tolally entranced the prima ballerina’s dancing, 9 The dector told me | was deficient iron ‘and would have to take supplements. 10 Michael was delighted his promotions office manager. heating full grom 16 Look at Appendix 5 and fill in the blanks with the correct preposition. 0 We sold our house ata profit; we made £2,000. He put the cor gear and drove off 2. She's working as a waitress the time being, but her ambition is to become an actress. 3 I've met Elizobeth Taylor the flesh even shook her hand. 4. She's been hasn't ost much weight 5 We have a car been repaired. «a diet for weeks, but she oan until ours has 6 Strictly the record, his work is below standard, 7 The workers have been strike for thee weeks. 8 I realised something was ofthe ordinary when Ann didn't show up for work todo 9 We were shocked when she called him an idie his face. 10 He was ... pain after the operation W times he wishes he had never become © doctor 12 cll accounts, he isthe best basketbl ployer in the association.3b cng Ysa 17 Complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the first sentence, using the word given. Do not change the word given. You must use between three and eight words, including the word given. 1 10 " Have you ever thought of changing jobs? sind Hos . jobs? These two cars are notin the same class at all ‘comparison There He never stops criticising people. lit There . people l¥s not our habit to eat so early sed We so eatly, What do you think of his appearance? strike How That man has no pity whatsoever. devoid That mon pity. He's likely o be promoted cards Wis promoted Wie were elated by the birth of our firs! grandchild sm00n We was born, Employees foiling to abide by the rules will be dismissed on the spot. sock Employees fins to obide by the rules immediotely ur boss criticises our work all he time. : work. {dont mind whether you come in the morning or ‘he afternoon, erence i in the morning or the afternoon. 12 Women outnumber men by two to one in Greece. ‘twice There : in Greece, 13. Is quite likely he will resign soon ‘chance There's will resign soon, ‘As soon as she saw my flatmate, my mother decided she didn't like him dislike My mother 14 my flatmate. Could you have a quick look at my essay before | give it in? cast Could you 15 before | hond it in? My father has been healthier since he moved tothe country. improved My ssn 16 since he moved fo the county The public reacted angrily tothe minister's remarks drew The 7 “the publi The company has changed a lot since the new management took over undergone The company 18 1ce the new management took over. Frances is unlikely to be promoted. Prospect There's 19 .. promoted, The ministers actions do not conform ot all to his preelection promises. contrast The minister's actions 20 his pre-election promises. 59\o nglish in Use 60 | | FIXED PHRASES put a damper on: be in the dark about sth: don’t give up your day job (inf: in broad daylight: deal a blow to sb or sth: be on the defensive: by definition: (for) donkey’s years {inf}: on the dot: lend on ear: play it by ear: case off: ‘tthe cuting edge: con edge: to no effect (9: (not see eye to eye with sb: have an eye for: more to sth/sb than meets the eye: ruin sth or make it less enjoyable be unaware of sth continue to do'sth you know rather than trying sth new in fll view of the public/easily seen cause sb great diffculy or spoil their plans protect oneself because one feels insecure or threatened having @ quality simply because of what itis (for) a very long time punctual, exactly on time listen to sb in @ careful and sympathetic way oct in a sitvotion by responding fo events rather than according to plan reduce in degree, speed or intensity She was made to leave. + Letbecomes was/were allowed to in the passive. When the subject of lof and the object ofthe infinitive that follows let are the same, then let, when used in the passive voice, is followed by @ reflexive pronoun + bare passive infinitive dite foto gu wut. ~ f mus ullyed fo yu out Don’t let him tease you. -» Don't let yourself be teased. 4 The passive voice with verbs of reporting such as assume, believe, consider, feel, know, report, say, think, understand, etc is formed in two ways. a} I+ passive verb + that - clause b) subject + possive verb + to - infinitive. They beliove she is a spy. + Its believed that she iso spy. They believe she is a spy. > She is believed to be a spy. + Verbs which foke two objects such as allow, ask, give, lend, send, etc have two passive forms He showed me the way fo the door. -+ I was shown the way to the door. The way fo the door was shown fo me. + Possve voice can take by + agent or with + instrument (a person is involved), material, past participles (such os filed, packed etc) ‘twas cut with @ knife. (by someone) {eo cream is made with milk. The stadium was filled with thousands of spectators. Verbs followed by a certain preposition take the preposition immediately afer them when put into the passive voice She accused me of ving. -* I was accused of lying. ‘+ Frepositional verbs of movement when tuned into the passive voice change to other synonymous verbs which take no preposition. Columbus reached/arrived in America in 1492. —+ America was reached (NOT arrived in) by Columbus in 1492.The royal couple entered/went into the room arm in arm. ~The room was entered [NOT gone into) by the royal couple ‘am in arm. ‘+ Medals do not change in the passive voice. We change the active infinitive into passive infinitive. They can't repair the building. -> The building can't be repaired. 1 Turn the following sentences from active into passive, or vice versa. 1 Susan will have redecorated her flat by the end of | 5 Lucy is known to have applied for the manager's ‘he month position 2 Which car did the family eventually choose? & Don’t let them take advantage of you 3. The bus timetable is going to change during the 7 Will all the new students be made to learn a second summer period. language? 4 You must return all books to the library within a 8 He wasn't ollowed to leave the premises. week. A72 4a Grammar: Passive Voice 10 12 13 The government department should have sent all he necessary forms. The toddler dislikes being forced to eat breakfast. Peter believes he has left his wollet in his jacket pocket Don't let the gloomy weather depress you. | just don't like people staring at me. Turn the following from active into passive where necessary. When Hilary joined the production team, her manager introduced her to important contacts in the industry, and before long she was promoted to head of department The shops have lowered their prices for the soles. The difficuly is that the credit card company has cancelled my credit card, so | can't buy anything, Sally soys that Harvard University has offered her a place on their Bachelor of Arts course, but she's decided 1o reject it as Rodelif has admited her too lucy gave me a novel in which someone stole Monet's Water lilies from the National Gallery 10 The ATM withheld my card last night, so now fl probably get it back on Monday. I just hope ty machine doesn’t discharge my card over th weekend. ‘Mos people believe that the government should db more to protec the locol environment. | dont hk they are doing enough to encourage people recycle. From the manner in which the committee spoke d Madeline Adams, you would have thought they were going to promote her, but instead of thd they've just dismissed her. tt appears they hove diagnosed her symptoms os influenza, but they ore testing her for suspected pneumonia as well. ‘My car's battery went flat and they had to tow it oa mechanic | will have fo poy forthe tow ruck charge, but i they have to replace the battery I won't havea pay because the guarantee sill covers it ‘When they appointed Therese as head chef of the restaurant, they gave her permission to add ony new dishes, so she may replace their existing menu.CONVERSATIONAL GRAMMAR 4 3. Choose the correct item. 1 She was anxious for the post of the Personol 4 Assisiant to the Director in the recently afflicted Jacobs Sussard Company. A to calect B to have selecled © twhe calarted D fo be selecting “Why are the Newtons asking for loan repoyment modifications? “Because their house A wos damaged B domaged “How's the new town plonni "Oh, there's sill a lo. A having done B has been done - STRUCTURAL CONVERSION ~<. 1 this said that this poem was writen by Elvis This poom was written by Elytis, so itis said. Esti is said to have writen this posm. This poom is said fo have been writen by Ely They say (hat) this poem was writen by Ely They say that Eiyfs wrote this poem. Nothing more can be done about this matter. There's nothing more fo be done about this matter. With regard to this matter, there's nothing more to be done. Someone fited her new costume. Her new costume was fited ‘She was fited for her new costume. ‘She hod her new costume Fitted. They don't allow speeding in the city. Speeding isn't allowed in the city. Speeding is forbidden in the city. Id love you to take me out Id love to be taken out by you). Ho lets people laugh at him. Ho lots himself be loughed at 5 son im the flood.” Chad damaged D was being damaged project going?” C to be done D have done 10 i 12 4 13 5 14 ‘ 4a Grammar: Passive Qeice, “How did his speech go?” “With all the noise outside, he couldn't... himself heard.” A moke © he made B be making D hove made “Did you hear anything about last month's Barclays’ robbery?” “Yes eventually the robbers ....... given a tenyear sentence.” A. were not being C were not to be B were D were not have been Your contract says that you are to be present by 8 am every doy. You ore expected to be present by 8 am every day, i cccording to your contract. Her story didn’t deceive me. I wasn’t taken in by her story. He wore a hat so that no one would recognise him. Ho wore a hat fo ovoid being recognised. I ove people asking for my autograph. ove being asked for my autograph. ove it when I'm asked for my autograph. They couldh’t hear him. He couldn't make himself heard. They saw him enter the building. He was seen to enter/entering the building, Who made this dress? Who was this dress made by? 'No actor can be expected to remember all the names of the ploys he has acted in ‘No one can expect an actor fo remember all the plays he has acted in Complete the second sentence 50 that it has @ similar meaning to the frst sentence, using the word given, Do ‘ot change the word given. You must use between three and eight words, including the word given. 1 She allows her colleagues to take her attention from her work. distracted She by her colleagues. She locked the door so that nobody would disturb, her. avoid She . disturbed, 73\ce Grammar: Passive Voice 10 n 74 We can't do much for him now. litle There | believe parking is prohibited in this area. permit | don't think . evn .- in this area. No student can be expected to know every word in the book. students Nobody in the book The agreement states that you are to pay the installment once a month, according You to the agreement. | don't like it when people | don’t know very well cask me personal questions. ai! people | don't know very well His claim that he didin't know anything didn't deceive me token ' he didn’t know anything Using notes is forbidden in this examination allowed Notes in this examination, I'd hote them to forget about me. left Wd out Allegedly, this book was writen by two people. said This two people CONVERSATIONAL GRAMMAR 5 Choose the correct item. 1 "How was your dinner?” “A greot success! Our guests ate the op, two main courses and the dessert. There wa literally nothing : A to be left C have left B left D has been left 2 “ls there any news about the exPresident?” “Well, he’s reported the country last night” A 10 be leaving C to have left B thot he left D to leave 3. “What do you think of Uberto Eco’s novel The name of the rose?" “Well, it widely regarded as his best, but tell you the truth I’m not crazy about i.” ‘A has been C iis being B was Dis 4. “Did you enjoy your graduation ceremony?” “Oh yes; | didn’t like photographed all he time, though.” A being © to have been B having been D ittobe 5. “How was your first day in your new job?" “Extremely embarrassing! We were presee ourselves and talk about our previous wot experience.” A been asked to B asked C being asked D asked to Underline the correct item. © He hates being asked/asking to sign autographs. ‘The new wing of the museum will be open/opened tomorrow by the Minister of Culture 2 Its soid thot the new cinema complex will have been/to be completed by the summer, 3. He recalled having/having been severely bitien by insects the last time he was in the area. 4. The walls of our clossroom were filled with/by colourful pictures 5. This machinery has been wore/womn out by constant use. 6 This old house hasn‘t been lived/lived in for years, 7 The author is said that he spent/to have spent o fortune on his new villa.7 Read the text below and think of the word which best fits each space. Use only one word in each space. ENTERTAINING PEOPLE When the human capacity (0) for amazement, thrill, cond suspense approaches (1) limits, @ circus unleashes its clowns (2) freshen the otmosnhere uid reundiin slie syeciuiul s wunid fUL ne NNT Bet 8) tradition, there are several varieties ‘of clowns, (4) the elegantly-costumed whitefaced clown who appears rather severe and domineering, 0 the happy-golucky grotesque variety 6 exaggerated makeup and costumes ore more outrageous and less predictable, to the dejected, down-and-out “tramp” character, popularised (6) all by the American, Emmett Kelly. In 19th century circuses it was usual for downs to entertain audiences with songs and long monologues, in (7) they sometimes offered ‘words of wisdom (8) politics and ‘arrent events or quoted Shakespeare. More recently, ‘especially in Russion circuses, a (9) number of clowns have attempted to strike (19) in new directions, abandoning traditional costumes and make-up and developing (11) natural characters. The great Russian clown, Oleg Popov, (12) ‘appear in the ring wearing o minimum (13) make-up and only slightly unconventional wardrobe. He impersonated on incompetent buffoon (1.4) sans Was forever tying to mimic the acts of the legitimate performers. Frequently, he olmost succeeded — (15) on rnsennn enly afer sufficient bungling — to make his performanc comedy, PHRASAL VERBS 1 8 Look at Appendix 1 and fill in one of the prepositions or adverbs from the list below, then give a synonym for each phrasal verb, + obout * round * off * across * through * down to * fo * info * out * up * up with + by ® up to * forward * on * over * in * round to ® out in | They've come --. uF way of thinking ot last 10 u 12 13 14 15 16 7 18 19 Ab English in‘Use He come a collection of valuable ‘old coins in the atc. How did you come Picasso, you know. This diamond ring came my great-grandmother. Aer she was hit on her head by the cricket boll, it Inn har cavrmt minitae AMA this painting? Ws a me from How much did the supermarket bill come this week? Did the new play at the National Theatre come sone your expectations? Those tomato seeds | planted in the spring haven't come yet He came when his grandfather died The party went rather well. Everyone seemed fo have enjoyed themselves. The students are coming Maths this term: ltcame orrested for speeding, | don’t know what's come .... been acting very oddly lately several thousand pounds very wel in that Sve’s husband had been him; he's He came a rash ofter eating « kilo of strawberries. Her latest novel is coming in poperback soon. Long hair for men is coming ‘ogoin. More ‘ond more men are starting to wear their hair long, Alter the flood, hundreds of volunteers come : with offers of assistance. We don’t know yet how we'll solve the problem but I'm sure someone will come o solution soon ‘Most of the companies which managed to come the economic crisis ore now operating very successfully I'm not sure how the accident come but | suspect somebody was being careless is}7 Read the text below and think of the word which best fis each space. Use only one word in each ) space. ENTERTAINING PEOPLE When the human capacity (0) for amazement, tril, suspense approaches (1) _- limits, a circus shes its clowns (2) freshen the otmosphere recondition the spectator’s mind for the next act. .-. tradition, there are several varieties afdowns, (4) the elegantly-costumed i clown who appears rather severe and neering, to the happy-golucky grotesque variety, exaggerated makeup and es are more outrageous and less predictable, to dejected, down-andout "tramp" character, ried (6) all by the American, Kelly. In 19th century circuses it was usual for to entertain audiences with songs and long ues, in (7) they sometimes offered cof wisdom (8) politics and faurent events or quoted Shakespeare. More recently, ‘especially in Russian circuses, a (9) 7 : number of clowns have attempted to strike {10)........ in new directions, abandoning traditional castnes and make-up and developing (11) faire characters. The great Russian clown, Oleg Popov, (1) ‘appear in the ring wearing o risimur (13) make-up and only o Aighity unconventional wardrobe. He impersonated an incompetent buffoon (14) wos forever fying to mimic the acts of the legitimate performers. Frequently, he almost succeeded - (15) ‘oly aftr suficient bungling — to make his performance ‘a comedy. PHRASAL VERBS 1 8 Look at Appendix 1 and fill in one of the prepositions or adverbs from the list below, then give a synonym for each phrasal verb, * about * round * off # across * through * down to ® to ® into * out * up ® up with * by # up to * forward * on over # in * round to # out in 1 They've come ‘our way of thinking at last, 10 n 12 13, 4 15 7 18 19 Ab English in‘Use He come .. a collection of valuable old coins in the atic. How did you come Picasso, you know. This diamond ring came my great grandmother. Afier she was hit on her head by the cricket boll, it took her several minutes to come How much did the supermarket bill come this week? Did the new play at the National Theotre come seventeen YOUF @XPeCtations? Those tomato seeds | planted in the spring hoven't come yet He came when his grandfather died The party went rather well. Everyone seemed to have enjoyed themselves. The students are coming ‘Maths this term. tteame arrested for speeding | don’t know what's come been acting very oddly lately is painting? I's @ me from several thousand pounds very well in that Sue's husband had been him; he's He came «@ rash after eating o kilo of strawberries. Her latest novel is coming in paperback soon. Long hair for men is coming again, More cand more men are starting to wear their hair long Alter the flood, hundreds of volunteers came with offers of assistance. We don't know yet how we'll solve the problem but I'm sure someone will come ° solution soon. ‘Most of the companies which managed to come the economic crisis are now operating very successfull. I'm not sure how the accident came but | suspect somebody was being careless. 7\4b\ English in Use PHRASAL VERBS 2 dealin: Trade in sth deal with: tackle a problem, cope with do away with: abolish; get rid of do down: criticise be done for: be in serious trouble do out of: deprive of fasten (a coat etc) need/would like manage in spite of lack of sth imply, suggest 9 Fill in the correct phrasal verb © Can you do up my dress, please? 1 tm | Here comes my teacher and she'll see I should be in my Maths lesson 2 The law limiting the amount of foreign exchange you can take out of the country should have been years ago. 3. 'mreally thirsty. | could a cup of tea. 4 What were you when you said you might not see Mark for some time? 5 He ‘antique Furniture ond paintings. 6 The old man was his life savings by 0 confidence trickster. 7 Surely you can coffee for once? 8 How do you «re constantly unruly? 9 You shouldn't your classmates just because they didn’t pass their exam IDIOMS/FIXED PHRASES 1 10 Match the idioms/fixed phrases with the definitions. sugar in your «a class when they ‘© keep an eye on sth a hove a feeling that sb is | be green talking about one take it easy bb within the rules feel one’s ears burning € manage to look serious (keep) « straight faced be inexperienced 1 2 3 4 5 be worn out 6 7 8 9 © very quickly £6 one’s flesh and blood guard/protect sth ! 7 fair and square g insist 1 ina flash h be very tired put one’s foot down i family member Of 2 4 6 8 3 5 Fire Now make sentences using the above idioms IDIOMS/FIXED PHRASES 2 11 Look at Appendix 2 and explain the meaning the idioms/fixed phrases in bold. 1 There were so many gatecrashers at the party the! didn’t even recognise the people | had invited. 2. My teacher and | got off on the wrong foot in first lesson but now we are good friends. 3. Don’t toke her for granted; she won't be here ever 4_ Alter | broke up with my fiancé, | was comforted the fact that there are plenty more fish in the seo. 5. Most politicians have the gift of the gab. & “W's all Greek to me,” she said os the professor explaining the new maths problem. 7 In politics, here is always a litle give and take 8 | heard it through/on the grapevine that we going to get a rise next month 9 When he met Jennifer he instantly fell head heels in love with her. 10 He put his foot in it when he told Sally about surprise party they were planning for her. 11 I was asked to make a speech but | couldn't because | had a frog in my throat.Ab English in Use PHRASAL VERBS 2 Trade in sth tackle @ problem, cope with abolish; get rid of citicise be in serious trouble deprive of fasten (a coat etc) need/would like manage in spite of lack of sth imply, suggest 9 Fill in the correct phrasal verb 0 Can you do up my dress, please? 1 i'm | Here comes my teacher and she'll see | should be in my Maths lesson 2 The law limiting the amount of foreign exchange you can take out of the country should have been years ago. 3. 'mreally thirsty. ! could a cup of tea. 4 What were you when you said you might not see Mark for some time? 5 He antique furniture ond paintings. 6 The old man was his life savings by @ confidence trickster. 7 Surely you can coffee for once? sugar in your 8 How do you «@ class when they «are constantly unruly? 9 You shouldn't your classmates just because they didn’t pass their exam. IDIOMS/FIXED PHRASES 1 10 Match the idioms/fixed phrases with the definitions. @ have a feeling that sb is 1 be green talking about one 2 take it easy within the rules 3 feel one’s ears burning © manage to look serious 4 keep) a straight faced be inexperienced 5. be worn out 6 7 8 9 ‘0 keep an eye on sth © very quickly ‘one's flesh and blood f guard/protect sh fair and square Q insist ina flash h be very tired put one's foot down i. family member O22 4 6 8 Bre 5 7 9 Now make sentences using the above idioms ° il a 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 IDIOMS/FIXED PHRASES 2 11 Look at Appendix 2 and explain the meaning ¢ the idioms/fixed phrases in bold. 1 There were so many gatecrashers at the party the didn’t even recognise the people | had invited. 2 My teacher and | got off on the wrong foot in te first lesson but now we are good friends. 3. Don't toke her for granted; she won't be here fx ever 4 After | broke up with my fiancé, | was comforted by the fact that there are plenty more fish in the seo, 5. Most politicians have the gift of the gab. 6 “W's all Greek to me,” she said as the professor wos explaining the new maths problem. 7 In politics, there is always a litle give and take 8 | heard it through/on the grapevine that we oe going fo get a rise next month, 9 When he met Jennifer he instantly fell head ow heels in love with her. He put his foot in it when he told Sally about he surprise party they were planning for her. 11. I was asked to make « speech but | couldn't spec because | had a frog in my throat. 10PREPOSITIONS 12 Look at Appendix 5 and fill in the blanks with the correct preposition. 0 My cousin has a flair for languages and can speok more than six 1 The factory awner is not in the habit of fraternising his workers. 2 Allthe animals inthe fores fled the fire. 3 F you have @ grievance the company, please lodge « formal written complaint 4 My caris guaranteed «tus for eight years 5. The teacher told me to stop fidgeting ‘ond to sit still and concentrate. 6 was furious my sister her always borrowing my clothes without my permission 7 His glee the news of his success was a joy to see. 8 You musin’t grieve cone trivial mistoke. 9 He has a fixation _.. becoming the best doctor in the world 10 She does nothing but fret overweight yet never tries to diet her being 11 His fidelity the firm has won him great respect 12 He's always gloating - his meteoric rise os an actor. 13 He's certainly good much else, maths, if not 13 Look at Appendix 5 and fill in the blanks with the correct preposition. 1 Her sales methods have been criticised as being odds with company policy. 2 found the ring in the street purely luck. 3 I didn't go to see him fear of catching his cold 4 Thathouse has been up sale for two years. 5 Come to the party, all means. 6 We regard this atrocity as an offence humanity, 7 rooninns ll, | spent £500 on holiday. 8 Margot prefers not to buy goods credit 9 He went lo the meeting _. disguise s0 08 no! to be recognised. 4b English M Usq 10 There were a lot of problems at the beginning of the school year, but the end everything wos all right. 11 He was so surprised by the news that he was «a loss for words. 12 Our teacher was ... @ bad mood today; he shouted .. everyone. 13. Try fo get the photograph focus ths time 14 They were the trail of the Yeti when the blizzard started 15 ‘answer to your question, the meeting will take place next Tuesday. 14 Complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the first sentence, using the word given. Do not change the word given. You must use between three and eight words including the word given. 1. “That meal would have satisfied a king!" he exclaimed. fit “That I" he exclaimed 2. No motter what he does, people don't seem eager to work on the project generate He doesn't seem the project. 3 There are hardly ony people in the centre ofthe city in August virtually The centre ... eves in August 4. The wor has caused emigration to increase. resulied The war emigration 5. The board had a secret meeting in order to discuss changes in company policy. doors The board : ae company policy. 6 She will probably come before the end of next month likelihood In cof next month v7